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DANH GIA THL/C TRANG PHAT TRIEN GIAO DUG CUA LAO TRONG NHLJfNG NAM GAN DAY Tom tat Cung ndm chung trong sU van dpng cua dai sdng kinh ti, chinh tri vd oca hpi, nin gido due Ldo hien nay cd nhieu chuyi[.]
DANH GIA THL/C TRANG PHAT TRIEN GIAO DUG CUA LAO TRONG NHLJfNG NAM GAN DAY Tom tat: Cung ndm chung sU van dpng cua dai sdng kinh ti, chinh tri vd oca hpi, nin gido due Ldo hien cd nhieu chuyin bien mdi Ldo dd biet tranh thu nhdng diiu kien thudn lot nUdc, tranh thu sU vien trg, giup da vd cdc ca hpi gido due cua khu vUc ud the gidi di md rpng quy md vd ndng eao ehat lugng gido due nudc Vl vgy, nin gido due Ldo khodng han hai thdp ky qua cd sii thay doi ddng ki Tuy ugy, tinh trgng gido due d Ldo udn d mdc thdp so udi yeu cdu di diia ddt niCdc thoat khdi doi ngheo Bdi viit dudi day tdp trung phdn tich nhdng thdnh tUu ud hgn chi thUe trgng phdt triin gido due Ldo nhdng ndm qua Tit khoa: Ldo, gido due, thuc trgng T h a n h tUu Sau hcfti 30 nam doi mdi, dac biet khoang 20 nam trd lai day, Lao chinh thdc trd t h a n h vien ASEAN, eung vdi da tang tnfdng cua n l n kinh te' nUdc, nen giao due Lao cd nhilu thay doi theo hudng tich cue TrUdc he't, dd la su thay doi nhdn thdc, tu ve phdt triin gido due TrUdc thdi ky doi mdi, cung nhu Viet Nam, Lao coi giao due nhu la mot phuc Itfi xa hgi phai dUtfc Nha nude bao cap hoan toan Nha nudc gifl vai trd chii dao cdng tac giao due qud'c dan, xem cdng tac giao due la nhiem vu trpng t a m va la mue tidu p h a n dau cua Dang va Nha nudc thdi ky cung ed' va xay dUng d l t nUdc TU sau n a m 1986 de'n nay, cung vdi sif chuyen dieh cua n l n kinh te, cae van dl van hda - xa hgi d Lao, dd cd giao due, dUtfc xac dinh la sU nghiep chung cua Nha nudc, xa hpi va toan the n h a n dan cac bp tdc Lao Nha nUdc gifl vai trd ehu dao song Nha nUdc ludn khuye'n khich sU ung hp, giup dd va dau tu cua cac ca nhan, to chdc xa hpi nUdc va nude ngoai; keu gpi va t r a n h thu sif hup tac vdi cac nUdc khu vUc va quo'c te vide xay dung cac chUtfng trinh va du an phat trien giao due Dieu 58, 60 Luat Giao due va Dieu 22 Hien phap nUdc CHDCND Lao cung cho thay Nha nUdc Lao ludn khuye'n khich cac ca nhan, cac nhdm - to chdc tU n h a n * TS L& Thi Hoa, Vien nghien cdu Dong Nam A 48 nUdc va qud'c te dau tU xay dUng cac trUdng hpc, cac trung t a m va cac hgc vidn giao due d cac e l p khac nhau, md rgng viec day hgc toan xa hgi theo ctf che' giao due quoc gia va theo chUtfng trinh ma Bp Giao due da quy dinh Trong cdng tae qudn li Nhd nildc vi gido due eflng cd sif thay doi Trudc day, Bp giao due Lao cd trach nhidm dd'i vdi giao due ehinh quy va khdng chinh quy d tat ca cac bac Hien nay, trach nhiem cung dUtfc chia se vdi cac ctf quan giao due cap tinh va huyen, ctf quan quan H cap tinh cd trach nhiem dd'i vdi giao due trung hge va hUdng nghiep, ctf quan quan li cap huyen chiu trach nhiem dd'i vdi giao due m i m non, tieu hoc v l khdng chinh quy Bd giao due ehiu traeh nhiem dd'i vdi giao due cao hcfn nhU cac trUdng ky thuat va cac tnfdng cao dang sU pham Dieu dUtfe ghi ro tai Dilu 62 Luat Giao due "Chinh phu la ctf quan quan li chung v l giao due ca nudc, Chinh phu trao quyln quan 11 trifc tid'p eho Bd Giao due T h i thao; Cac ctf quan chiu trach nhiem quan li Giao due bao gom: Bp Giap due The thao, Sd Giao due tinh, Phdng Giao due huyen va ctf sd giao due ban"*^' De edng tac quan li giao due dat hidu qua, Bp giao due da phan cap quan li nhieu phong ban chiu trach nhiem tnfc tie'p v l eae van de lien quan bao gom: Cac Vu giao due, ehiu trach nhiem dam bao tie'p can giao due cae cap; Trung t a m giao due ed trach nhiem xay dUng ctf ehe' ehinh saeh phat trien giao due dap dng nhu clu eua mpi n ^ d i dan ca nUdc, dong thdi dam bao cha't lUtfng giao due; Vien nghien cdu khoa hgc va giao due cd trach nhiem xay dUng va phat trien sach giao khoa, giap trinh, sach giao vien va Nghien ciiu Bdng Nam A, so 3/2019 hudng d i n n h i m dam bao tieu chuan va chat lugng giao due; Trung t a m Giao due, Thd'ng ke va Cdng nghe Thdng tin co trach nhidm dieu tra hoc dudng h a n g nam va quan li he thd'ng thdng tin, giao due; Cue Kiem t r a ehiu trach nhidm phoi htfp giam sat va daiih gia de lUdng tie'n dp thuc hidn ke' hoach phat trien nganh giao due, ludng hieu qua tong the nganh; Vu Dao tao Giao vien (Bd Giao due) cd trach nhiem tuyen dung du s6' lUcfng giao vien ed trinh dp dap dug nhu clu hgc tap cua hge sinh tifng giai doan cu the; Vu Quan li Nhan sU ehiu trach nhiem ctf cau va phan bo phu hgp ban giam hidu nha trudng va cac n h a quan K giao due khac eflng nhu dam bao sU phat trien nghe nghidp cua hp Cac cpng dong ridng bidt eflng dugc phan cdng cac nhidm vu cu t h i vide phat trien giao due cua edng d i n g nhu ho trtf giao due tieu hpc thdng qua vide xay dung mdi va nang cap ctf sd vat chat trUdng hpc, dam bao vide lam cua giao vien va t r a lUtfng cho giao vidn (hoac cac hinh thdc hd trg khac nhu dat dai, nha d) Cac ca n h a n va to chdc nd'u cd quan tam va d l u tu cho giao due ciing dugc gifl nhuSig chUc vu chu dao va dUtfc toan quyen quan ll theo dung phap luat Nha nUdc Vi vay, htfn hai thap ky qua, d Lao da xuit hidn mpt so' lUtfng Idn cac trUdng tU nhan d bac m l u giao, tieu hpc va t n m g hpc Cung c6 cac tnfdng hUdng nghiep tU nhan dac bidt; cae khda dao tao ngdn nguf, cac ky nang may tinh, quan tri doanh nghiep va quan H Nhflng trudng eao dang tu nhan da xuat hien d nhflng khu vifc t h a n h thi Ve he thong gido due, hcfn 20 nam qua, he thd'ng giao due cua Lao da phat trien rgng k h l p ca nude, vdi dUdc Le Hda - Bdnh gid thUc trgng phdt trien gido due cua Ldo dd'n nhQng vimg xa xdi heo lanh nhat cua dat nude, c6 day du cac cip hge tfl m l u gilo de'n thdng, dai hpc va sau dai hpc Dd'i vdi gido due phS thdng, nhfllig n a m qua, Lao eflng eo su chuyen dieh theo hudng hpi n h a p khu vife va the' gidi Doi vdi giao due chuy&n nghiep, ngoai cae trUdng cao dang, dai hpe, nhilu trUdng tning cap ^ thu^t, day nghe dUtfc lap, dap fltig nhu cau hpc tap cang cao cua nhan dan va gdp phan bo sung nguin lao dgng cd trinh dp, phuc vu cho cdng cupc phat t r i l n d l t nudc va hoi nhap qud'e te 49 Bp Giao due - The thao Lao ehinh thUc xay dung khung ke' hoach cho md hinh trUdng hpc chat lUtfng d Lao Hai dac diem ndi bat eua md hinh TrUdng hpe chat lugng'^' la: thd nhdt, dam bao quyen dugc hpc tap cua tre em Bp Giao due la ctf quan cd trach nhiem bao vd quyen va Igi ich hpc tap cua tre em, giam sat, giup dd va tao dieu kien de tre em edng dong duge hpc tap mgt mdi trUdng t^t n h l t ; thd hoi, la kilu trudng hge lay tre lam t n m g tam, mpi hoat dpng dlu n h a m mang lai Igi ich cao n h l t eho tre, phat huy td'i da mgi tiem nang von cd cua tre bao gom ca the chat, tinh than va tri Ve ca sd vgt chdt trudng hgc, tii n a m tud Vdi md h m h TrUdng hgc chat lUtfng, 1996, van d l eai thien ctf sd vat chat tre em Lao khdng phan biet thi trUdng hge da dUgc neu nhu mdt nhiem hay ndng thdn, d i n g bang hay m i l n nui vu trpng t a m qua trinh cap giao deu duge hpc tap mgt moi tnfdng due tieu hpc d Lao Ngay tfl giai doan mdt hoan thidn Day la mdt chid'n lugc phat (2001 - 2005) eua ehUtfng trinh Cai each trien dai htfi va li tUdng, chac ehan se giao due Qud'c gia, Chinh phu Lao da chu mang lai mdt sU thay dli Idn giao tnftfng xay difng trUdng hpc kien eo d cac due tieu hpe d Lao va se la n l n tang de huydn Idn, d vung sau vung xa, phu thude trien khai md hinh d eae cap hpc cao htfn vao vi tri dia K va dia hinh ed the xay Vide thue hidn cae ehinh sach va chid'n dung tnfdng kien cd' hoac ban kidn cd' lUtfc neu tren da gdp phan tao nen mgt Trong giai doan hai (2006 - 2010), chinh mang ludi trudng hpe day dac ea phu chu trUcfng phat trien mang ludi nUdc, dd nhieu trudng da duge dau trUdng hge thdng d eae dia phUtfng, tu xay dung nhflng tnfdng chat n h l t la tai cac huydn ngheo, Xay dung lugng cao Dieu khdng chi md ctf thdm cae trudng hpc mdi va cung cd' hgi duge de'n tnfdng cho hgc sinh ea nhiftig trudng hien cd de tao dieu kien cho nudc ma cdn tao nhiJng ctf hgi hoc tap ta't ca tre em dd tuoi cd the dd'n tot de hoc sinh phat huy t i l m luc vd'n eo trUdng Giai doan ba eua chUtfng trinh eua ban than Theo so' Iidu thd'ng kd, (2011 - 2015) dUtfc Chinh phu tap trung htfn hai thap ky qua, so' lugng trUdng hpc dly manh n h a m nang cao chat lugng giao cac d p tang kha nhanh O cap tieu hpc due, dd p h a n dlu dat muc tieu cd nam 2001, ca nude cd 8.155 trudng, n a m trudng tilu hpe dat tieu chuan b tat ca cae 2017 la 8.849 tnfdng; ca'p trung hpe ctf sd: vung mien dia phUtfng, cd tnfdng nam 2001 ed 596 trUdng, nam 2017 la 950 thdng trung hgc kieu mau d t a t ca eae tinh trudng; cap trung hpc thdng nam t h a n h phd' vao n a m 2013 Nam 2009, 2001 cd 235 trudng, nam 2017 la 778 cung vdi sU giup dd cua Quy Nhi dong trudng; bac dai hpe: nam 2001 cd Lidn Hiep Quoc (UNICEF), Chinh phu 50 Nghiin cdu Bong Nam A, sd 3/2019 tgo gido vien dugc Bd Giao due - The thao Lao trien khai thifc Men tai tinh phia Nam Lao Ngoai ra, Bg cung t h a n h lap 17 trung t a m boi dUdng giao vidn thUcftig xuyen tai 17 tinh t h a n h ca nUdc Tif n a m 2015, Bp Giao due - T h i thao Lao da Ve nguin life gido vien, thUe td', tfl sau trien khai ke' hoach stfa dli chUcfng trinh dli mdi de'n nhuftig nam dau cua thap ki giang day quoc gia va phat t r i l n saeh giao 90, nen kinh te Lao v i n cdn ngheo nan khoa mdi d cap tieu hgc, theo dd mpt va cham phat trien, trinh dd giao vien chUtfng tririh hudng dan giao vien sd dung khong dugc cai thien, chu ye'u ehi qua dao sach giao khoa va phuong phap day hgc tao stf clip TU sau nam 1997, Lao gia mdi eflng dugc trien khai Htfti 35.000 giao nhap ASEAN, hgp tac giao due - dao tao vien tieu hgc t a t ca cac mdn hpc se nhan giOla Lao va eae nude ASEAN dUtfc md dUtfc hudng d i n giang day*^' Ndi dung rdng, so' lUtfng giao vidn duge dao tao chinh hudng d i n se dUtfc t r i l n khai chi t i l t ve qui nUde va nUde ngoai d Lao b i t dau each thflc to chUc tflng bai hgc, kha nang tang din Trong nam (2001 2005), van dung kil^n thflc thdng mdi ridng cac ctf quan Tnmg Utfng d Viet Nam bai hpc va k h a nang thid't lap hoat ddng da tid'p nhan mdi 2.950 can bg, hgc sinh md eho hpc sinh qua trinh day hpc sang hpc tap, nang sd' can bd, hpc sinh Lao Nhu vay, thdi gian tdi, c h i t lugng cd mat thudng xuydn tai Viet Nam len giao vidn cf Lao se sdm dugc cai thien 1.884 ngudi, tang 644 ngudi (51,2%) so vdi So' lugng giao vien d Lko khoang gin trUdc dd Ngoai ra, cdn ed 1.046 can bd, hgc 20 nam trd lai day cung tang kha nhanh sinh Lao theo hpc tai 12 tinh pho' d ta't ea cae cap hpe O bac tieu hgc, sd' eua Viet Nam chUtfng trinh hgp tac lugng giao vien n a m 2005 la 27.588 ngUdi, gifla cac dia phUtfng hai nudc*^' de'n n a m 2017 la 36.204 ngUdi bac Cflng td nam 2001, Bd Giao due - T h i trung hpe, s6' lUtfng giao vien nam 2005 la thao Lao phd'i htfp cung Ccf quan Hgp tac 14.676 ngudi, n a m 2017 la 37.318 ngUdi Phat trien thupc T6 chdc Quoc te Thuy d bac dai hpc, so' lUtfng giang vidn nam Dien da triln khai dU an Ndng cao trinh 2005 la 1096 ngUdi, nam 2017 11 5483 dp vd nang lUc eua gido vien Du an tid'n ngUdi*^^' Ttf n a m 2005, Lao da khae phuc h a n h hoat dpng chinh'^^: i) tang cUdng duge tinh trang thie'u giao vidn'^' trudng, nam 2017 la trudng*^' De'n eud'i giai doan mdt cua chUtfng t i i n h cai each giao due da cd 15/18 tinh t h a n h ca nUdc cd trUdng ngi tru, dd'n cud'i giai doan hai, tat ea cac lanh ca nUdc deu ed trudng ndi tru'*' kd' hoaeh dao tao giao vien qud'c gia; ii) phat trien cac khda hpc boi dudng nghiep vu sU pham; iii) md rgng cac trudng dao tao giao vien; iv) nang eao boat dgng giang day nha trudng; v) nang cao nang luc chuyen mon cho giao vien; vi) nang cao dilu kien ctf sd vat cha't cho giao vien Td t h a n g 02/2010 de'n t h a n g 10/2013, du an Ndng cao chdt lugng ddo Ve nguon luc hge sinh, de dat dugc muc tieu cap giao due tieu hgc va gia tang ty Id hpc sinh nhap hpc vao cac khoi tnmg hpc d cae vung ndng thdn, vung dan tgc thieu sd' ndi ridng va ca nudc ndi chung, Chinh phu, Bg Giao due - The thao Lao da cd nhieu chinh sach dam bao quyln dugc hpc tap cua tre em dp tuoi dd'n trUdng Theo Luat Giao due Le Hoa - Ddnh gid thuc trgng phdt triin gido due cua Ldo Chinh phu da ehi dao lap eae tnfdng tilu hoc va trung hpc ctf sd d eae tinh, t h a n h pho' trdn ck nude n h i m dam bao eho mpi tre em tuli nhan dugc ctf hdi hgc tap binh dang, xda vide thu cac loai phi dd'i vdi hgc sinh p h i thdng ctf sd n h i m thifc hien chinh sach cap giao due tieu hpc va mgt phan trung hgc toan dan Ngoai ra, Bd Giao due The thao Lao, dudi sU chi dao cua Chinh phu da thdng qua Ke' hoach Hanh ddng qud'c gia - Giao due cho mpi ngudi 2003 2015 (EFA) n h a m hd trtf cho hoc sinh ngheo, dac bidt la cae nhdm hgc sinh dan tdc thieu sd' sinh sd'ng d khu vifc vung sau viing xa De thUc hien muc tieu nay, Ke' hoaeh bao gom cae bien phap nhU: i) tuyin mdi nhOtng giao vien ngudi dan tpc thieu so', dac biet la phu nfl; ii) to chdc cac chUcfng trinh trtf cap lUtfng thUe; iii) trg cap v l n h a b tap the eho hpc sinh nfl sd'ng xa trUdng hpc; iv) dieu chinh lich hpc hang nam phu hgp vdi cac boat ddng ndng nghidp va ndng thdn; v) dilu chinh ke' hoach hpc tap hang phu htfp vdi edng viec ngi trg eua cac be gai; vi) tie'n hanh cae chien luge thue day; vii) phat triln mdt chucfng trinh giang day dia phUtfng bo sung de giup tre em nhdm dan tde thieu so' hpc tie'ng Lao td't hcfn; viii) thuc d l y binh dang gidi giao due ngudi dan tdc thieu so' d cac khu vUc ngheo nhat; va ix) cac ban nganh dia phUtfng quan tam phat t r i l n dgi ngu giao vien nfl va giao vien ndi tieng dan tgc thieu sd' Theo dd, mdt chUtfng trinh day hge thi diem (day hpc di ddng tren cac viing heo lanh) dugc thue hidn tai tinh mien nui la Savannakhet, Khainmuon va Sekong Theo ke' hoach cua chUcfng trinh eai each giao due giai doan 2015 - 2020, mdt chUtfng trinh giang day tieu hpe mdi 51 b i t d l u tu khd'i Idp se chinh thflc cd hieu luc vao thang 9/2019, m l i hgc sinh tilu hpc se cd mgt bg sach giao khoa mdi Cac sach giao khoa mdi cd mau s i c hinh anh phong phfl d l tang sU chu y va khtfi ggi tU cho cac em Vdi cac ehinh sach va ehUtfng trinh hanh dgng eu the, htfn mdt thap ky qua, Chinh phu, Bp Giao due Lao da tgo ca hpi din trudng cho tdt cd tre em ca nUdc, dilu thue su ed y ngbia va tam anh hudng rat Idn dd'n eugc song va tUtfng lai cua eon em cac vimg dan tgc thieu so va d nhOtng vung mien cd hoan canh dac biet khd khan Theo thd'ng ke eua Bg Ke hoach dlu tu Lao, tfl nam 2000 de'n nay, sd hpc sinh den trUdng dung tuoi d Lao Hen tuc tang theo cae nam Do'i vdi bac tieu hpc, nam 2001, ca nUdc cd 828.000 hpc smh'^'^', nam 2005 la 890.821 hgc sinh'^^* Nam 2017, so' lugng hpc sinh tieu hpc cd giam htfn cdn 808.705 hpc sinh*^^' nhUng dieu xuat phat tfl su tut giam dan so' d Lao Tinh theo ti Id tre dp tuoi vao tilu hge thi ti Id tang tfl 92,7% nam hpe 2009 - 2010 len 96,8% nam hpc 2012 2013 va 98% nam hge 2013 - 2014 Nam 2015, cd 144 huyen thugc 10 tinh da edng bd' hoan cap tieu hpc'^^'; Sd' lUtfng hpc sinh bac trung hpc ctf sd: nam 2001 ea nfldc cd 196.000 hpe sinh, nam 2017 la 452532; bac trung hgc thdng: nam 2001 cd 89.000 hpc smh, nam 2017 la 218.032 hpc smh; bac dai hgc: nam 2001 ed 10.000 sinh vien, nam 2017 cd 54.458 sinh vien'^^' Bdu tu cho gido due eflng la mgt nhulig Uu tien hang dau cua Lao Trong g i n hai thap ki qua, Chinh phu, B6 giao due Lao tid'n hanh eae chUtfng trinh eai each giao due, nguon vd'n dlu tu cho 52 giao due lien tuc tang Trong giai doan 2011 - 2014, ngan sach giao due tang tfl 1.370 ti kip (216 trieu USD) n a m 2011 Idn 3.942 ti kip (493 trieu USD) n a m 2014, nam 2015, ehinh phu thUc hien vide cat giam lUtfng va phu cap, da giam xud'ng 3.714 ti kip (464 trieu USD) Tinh dd'n nam 2015, nguin vd'n dau tU cho giao due chie'm 14,6% ngan sach nha nude Giai doan 2016 - 2020, nguon vd'n dau tu eho giao due se gifl b mflc 17%/nam, tang nhe lUtfng va phu cl^p, chu yd'u tang chi phi cho cac khoan tai trtf, bo sung sach giao khoa, xay dung Idp hpc'^^' Mac du cd nhilu qua va tien bg, song nen giap due Lao nhulig n a m qua v i n t i n tai rat nhieu ban e h l c i n duge khac phuc H a n c h e Chinh phu Lao thUe bidn chinh sach giao due cho tat ca mgi ngudi dan, vay, van de phat trien nguon nhan lUc nUdc ehua dap uttig duge ydu clu phat trien kinh td' xa hdi eua dat nude, van de md rdng eae ctf hdi giao due eho nhan dan ca nude chua dam bao tinh toan didn, v i n dl cai each giao due dl nang cao chit lugng va dam bao su phat trien toan dien ca nudc v i n ludn la nhidm vu trpng tam dugc dat ke' hoach phat triln kinh td' xa hpi Lao de'n nam 2020 Ve triidng Idp ud cdc dieu kien hge tap khdc Cd tdi 15% so xa d Lao khdng cd tnfdng tilu hpc va h i u he't cac xa thid'u trfldng tieu hpc hoan tbien'^^' Khu vUc phia Bac la noi tap trung nhieu trUdng khdng hoan thien Idn n h a t ca nUdc, cd tdi 90% trudng hpc eua cac huydn ngheo nhl't la khdng hoan thien Tinh Saravan dUtfc Nghien cdu Bdng Nam A, sd'3/2019 danh gia la linh m a hpc sinh bi thieu thd'n tai heu hgc tap cao nhl't ca nUdc (rieng khd'i tilu hgc chie'm 96%*^'^' tong s6 hge sinh eua tinh) Khu vifc t h a n h thi cd dilu kidn hpc tap tot hon r a t nhilu so vdi nhflng khu vifc ndng thdn Dua vao dfl heu dilu t r a qud'c gia nhilu n a m qua, nhOfng khac biet vide tiep can gifla cac huydn ngheo n h l t va cac huydn it ngheo htfn dang giam nhung sU khac bidt ve chlit lugng dudng nhu dang Idn hcfn Ngoai nhOtng thie'u hut ve tai Iidu hgc tap, dich vu vd sinh cdng cpng cac nha trudng cung la vmi de cd nhiftig han che' Idn Tinh de'n n a m 2017, chi khoang 60% cac trudng tieu hpc ca nUde cd he thd'ng cap nUdc va n h a ve sirih*^^^ Ve Gido vien, giao vien cd du nang lUc thieu t r a m trpng d nhilu huydn, khoang 20% giao vien tilu hpc khdng ed du kha nang giang day^^^' Vide dao tao gilo vien tai cac t h a n h phd' khdng dat hieu qua theo ke' hoach de ra, r a t nhilu giao vidn (trong chu yeu la giao vien d i n tfl cae vimg dan tpc thieu so', vimg sau viing xa) cd kd't qua dao tao t h a p hoac khong hoan vide dao tao NhQng giao vien dugc phan cdng tac v l cac lang ban lam cho c h i t lugng day hpc ntfi day khdng dat hidu qua nhu mong mud'n Ve vdn di hgc sinh, van eon nhieu ban ehe chUa dugc khac phue nhu: Ke't qua khao sat chi so' xa hpi Lao nam 2017 n h a n manh de'n sif chenh lech giao due ca v l mflc dd tie'p can, tham gia va hpc tap cf t a t ca cac cap, dd chenh lech Idn nhat la giao due m i m non Htfn 50% hpc sinh mam non vao tieu hpc ma khdng qua khao sat d l u vao, khoing 25% tre em 3-4 tu6i dugc de'n trudng, khoang 30% tre tU 2-4 tuoi dugc Le Hda - Ddnh gid thuc trgng phdt trien gido due cua Ldo cha me va cae t h a n h vien gia dinh quan t a m dUa tre de'n trUdng de s i n sang vao tieu hpe, ed 10 tre de'n tuoi vao Idp thi cd mdt tre khdng den trUdng va efl tre hpc Idp tbi cd tre qua 10 tuli & t a t ca cac cap hpc, sfl ehdnh Ideh tid'p can giao due dugc t h i hidn rd nhat ct tre em cac gia dinh ngheo, cae nhdm dan tpc khong phai la ngudi Lao va vdi eae ba me cd trinh dd hpe v i n thap*^"*' Tinh de'n n a m 2017, chi khoang 81,9% tre em theo hpc hoan giao due tieu hpc, kd't qua hgc tap cua nhieu hpc sinh r l t tha'p ndn nhieu tre sau td't nghidp tieu hpc van chUa cd kie'n thflc va ky nang thie't yeu