Tgp chi Ddn tgc hgc sol - 2011 47 MOT SO VAN DE TRONG QUA TRINH THU^C HIEN TAI DINH CU CHO NGiroa DAN LAI XA MON SON, HUYEN CON CUONG, TINH NGHE AN BDl MINH T H U A N Su- can thiet phai tai dinh cu Xa Mdn Son (huyen Con Cudng, tinh Nghe An) nim Khu Bao tin thien nhien Pu Mat Tai xa cd ba ban cua cdng ddng ngudi Dan Lai (mgt nhdm dja phuong cua dan tgc Th6) d vung thugng ngudn Khe Khang, each trung tam xa 30 - 40 km, chu yeu di theo dudng mdn rimg Vao mua mua CO the di ngugc sdng Giang bang thuyen, song phai vugt qua hang chuc ghenh thac mdi din dugc cac ban cua ddng bao Tren dja ban thudc vung sau xa nhat cua huyen Con Cudng, ddi sdng cua ngudi Dan Lai rat khd khan Nguon thu chu yeu cua dong bao dua vao lam nuong va khai thac cac "san vat cua rimg, nen ty le ddi ngheo rat cao, co sd tang phue vu san xuit va ddi sdng hiu nhu chua cd gi Do song biet lap vdi cac tdc ngudi khae, din den tap quan hdn nhan can huyet, cang lam cho ngudi Dan Lai cd xu hudng kem phat trien ve mat the chat, trf tue va tudi thg Neu de d6ng bao d day lau dai se khd cd ca hdi dl phat trien Khu Bao tdn thien nhien PQ Mat la mdt nhung khu bao tdn cd gia trj da dang sinh hgc Idn nhat d Ddng Nam A TQ nam 1995, Chfnh phu da phe duyet Khu bao tdn ke hoach hanh ddng bao ve da dang sinh hgc cua Viet Nam Ngudi Dan Lai sinh sdng ndi vi cua Khu bao tdn vdi tap tuc pha rimg lam riy va khai thac cac san vat thien nhien bang hai lugm, san bat da tao nen nhung ap lire Idn, true tiep de dga tfnh da dang sinh hgc d day Sir tdn tai cua ngudi Dan Lai Khu cdn tao dieu kien cho ngudi tu cac dja phuong khae den day, dudi cac hinh thQc "tham ngudi than, thSm thon ban", nhung thuc chit la de khai thac go, san ban dgng vat quy hiem ma luc lugng kiem soat Khu bao tdn khdng ngan chan dugc Hai ly tren la ca sd dl huyen Con Cudng de va thurc hien Du an di dan tai dinh cu cho ngudi Dan Lai d vung thugng ngudn Khe Khang xa Mdn Son Du an thuc hien dugc se gdp phan quan trgng nham cai thien ddi song cho 169 hd ngudi Dan Lai thoat khdi canh ddi ngheo, ddi sdng tinh than, vat chat dugc nang len In djnh lau dai va phat trien ben vung; ddng thdi lam giam thieu su tan pha tai nguyen thien nhien Khu Bao tin thien nhien Pu Mat (UBND huyen Con Cudng, 10/2001, tr 2-3) Qua trinh thurc hien Du an Viec thuc hien di dan tai djnh cu cho cdng ddng ngudi Dan Lai sinh song tai 48 vung ldi cua Vudn Qudc gia Pu Mat cd ca sd tQ Du an SFNC (LNXH & BTTN NA) phdi hgp giua Chfnh phu Viet Nam va cdng dong Chau Au, trien khai tQ 21/5/1997, keo dai nam, cd muc tieu tong quat "ldm gidm su tdn phd vd suy thodi tdi nguyen rimg & Khu Bdo tdn thien nhien Pii Mdt, bao gdm cd viing dem ciia nd" vdi tdng dien tfch vung nghiem ngat xap xi 97.000 va vung dem xap xi 93.000 ha, thuoc dja phan ba huyen Anh Son, Con Cu6ng va Tuong Duang Ngay 26/10/1999, Ban quan ly Du an LNXH & BTTN NA da ky hgp ding tu vin vdi Chi Cue Djnh canh djnh cu & Vung Kinh tl mdi Nghe An (CCDCDC & VKTM NA), cd su phdi hgp cua nhdm nghien cQu De an NA/97/306 Chuong trinh nghien ^cuu Viet Nam - Ha Lan - Truong Dai hgc Su pham Vinh, nghien cuu kha thi ve viec tai djnh cu ba ban ngudi Dan Lai d Khe Khang xa Mdn Son va xay dung ke hoach hanh dgng cho tai djnh cu Ngay 04/6/2001, UBND tinh Nghe An Quylt dinh sl 1738 QD.UB/NN giao cho UBND huyen Con Cuong lap Du an tai djnh cu cho ngudi Dan Lai d thugng ngu6n Khe Khang den tai djnh cu tai dja ban cac xa thudc huyen Con Cudng Ngay 23/10/2001, UBND tinh Nghe An Quylt dinh sl 3830/QD.UB cua phe duyet "Du dn thuc hien tdi dinh cu ddng bdo ddn tpc Dan Lai tgi bdn Cd Phgt, khe Cdn, bdn Biing xd Mdn San huyen Con Cudng tinh Nghe An" vdi ngi dung td chuc thuc hien tai djnh cu tai huyen Con Cudng cho 169 hg, 956 nhan khiu thuoc ba ban thugng ngu6n Khe Khang xa Mon Son den nai d Bid Minh Thudn mdi, In djnh san xuit Chu diu tu la UBND huyen Con Cuong, vdi hinh thQc diu tu la xay dung mdi, ldng ghep cac Chuong trinh 135, djnh canh djnh cu, di dan, Chuong trinh trdng rimg 661/TTg va cac ngudn khae Muc dfeh cua Du an la nang cao ddi sdng dan sinh kinh tl cho ngudi Dan Lai, tao dieu kien cho ddng bao hda nhap vdi cdng ddng va hudng thu nhung qua cua su phat trien kinh te dat nudc mang lai, mat khae de bao ve ngudn tai nguyen thien nhien Vudn Qudc gia Pu Mat Den thang 9/2002, 36 hd dau tien dugc di ddi ve tai djnh cu tai hai ban Tan Son va Cua Rao thudc xa Mdn Son Theo dl nghj cua UBND tinh Nghe An tai Td trinh sd 3059 TTr-UBND 08/6/2006 va cua Bd Ke hoach va Dau tu tai Cdng van sd 8097 BKH/KTDP< 02/11/2006 ve viec xin phe duyet De an "Bdo tdn vd phdt trien ben vitng tpc ngu&i thieu sd Dan Lai hien dang sinh sdng tgi viing loi Vu&n Qudc gia Pii Mdt, huyen Con Cudng, tinh Nghe An", Thu tudng Chfnh phu Quylt djnh sd 280/2006/QD-TTg phe duyet De an tren, vdi nhiem vu: - Di chuyen 146 hd dan tdc thilu so Dan Lai hien dang sinh sdng tren thugng ngudn khe Khang thuge hai ban: Khe Cin, ban Bung xa Mdn Son den vung tai djnh cu tai ba ban: Ke Gia, Ke Tat, Ba Ha thudc xa Thach Ngan; - Td chuc on dinh cugc sdng cho 30 ho dan d lai tai ban Cd Phat, xa Mdn San; - Tiep tuc hi trg 36 hg dan da di chuyen nam 2002' So hd thay doi cd le tach hd (Bien tap) Tgp chi Ddn tdc hgc sd -2011 Ba nhiem vu tren co muc tieu nang cao ddi sdng, phat triln kinh tl - xa hdi nhim bao tin va phat triln bin vQng cdng ding ngudi Dan Lai hien dang sinh sdng tai vung loi Vudn Qudc gia Pu Mat, bao tdn thien nhien Vudn Qudc gia Pu Mat, bao ve an ninh bien gidi Thuc hien Quyet djnh cua Thu tudng Chfnh Phu, thang 01/2007, UBND huyen Con Cuong da t6 chQc tai djnh cu cho 42 hd, 193 nhan khau tQ thugng nguon Khe Khang nai d mdi thuge dja ban xa Thach Ngan de d6ng bao d6n Tet Dinh Hgi Theo ke hoach, nam 2010 se tilp tuc tai djnh cu cho 35 hg din xa Thach Ngan, nhung kl hoach dang gap khd khan qua trinh van dgng ngudi dan dang ky thuc hien vi ngudi dan khdng mudn thuc hien tai djnh cu Nhu vay, din huyen Con Cu6ng mdi t6 chuc tai djnh cu dugc dgt vdi 78 hg den nai d mdi, d6 theo sl lieu cua UBND xa Mdn Son den 3/2010 vung thugng ngudn Khe Khang van 168 hg Qua trinh thuc hien tai djnh cu cho ding bao Dan Lai vung thugng nguIn Khe Khang den noi d mdi kl tQ luc bit diu cho den da trai qua 10 nam vin chua hoan 36 hg gia dinh dau tien thuc hien tai djnh cu hai ban Tan Son va Cua Rao tQ nam 2002; song da qua nam ma ddi sdng cua so hd cdn day khd khan, mgt s6 hang muc cdng trinh cdng cdng ca ban (nhat la cong trinh thuy lgi) van chua dugc dau tu; san xuat phat trien thieu tfnh ben vQng viec ho trg trau, bd cay keo, gi6ng cay trdng 49 vat nudi cdn bat cap, 100% sd hg vin thuge dien hg ngheo va hudng trg cip cua Nha nudc (UBND huyen Con Cuong, 4/2009, tr 1) NhQng bit cap dang tac dgng trd lai tdi sd hg chua di chuyen khdi vung loi cua Vudn Quoc gia Pu Mat, nen viec thuc hien Du an gap rat nhilu khd khan (Bg Chi huy Bg dgi bien phdng Nghe An, 11/2009, tr 2) Mot so vin de bat cap qua trinh thuc hien di dan tai djnh cu Viec thuc hien tai djnh cu co td chQc (co ngudi ggi la tai djnh cu bit buoc) la qua trinh ma Nha nudc dung tham quyen, quyen lire cua minh de thuc hien cac hoat dgng thu hdi dat, quy djnh ddi tugng phai di ddi va cung vdi nd la thay ddi ca cac mdi quan he xa hdii phong tuc tap quan ldi s6ng, phuang thuc canh tac, san xuat cua ngudi dan; nhieu nam ngoai quyen lira chgn cua ngudi dan Dac diem de din den nhQng bat cap td chQc thuc hien tai djnh cu, sinh nhung mau thuan va xung dot giQa nhung ngudi phai tai djnh cu vdi cdng dong ngudi sd tai; giQa chfnh quyen dja phuang, chu dau tu va egng d6ng dan di chuyen; mau thuan giQa van ban chfnh sach va thuc te Nhieu trudng hgp, cong dong cu dan phai di chuyeri phai doi mat vdi nhQng "cu sdc" ve van hda va tam ly vdn kh6ng dugc chuan bj trudc Du an di dan tai djnh cu cho cong dong ngudi Dan Lai vQng Khe Khang dugc thuc hien theo cac nguyen tac va muc tieu chung la "Bo tri tdi dinh cu bdt bupc Id ddm bdo cho ngu&i ddn chuyen cu cd cupc sdng tdt han nai & cii", tai djnh cu phai dam bao tfnh cdng ddng, cac hg n6ng nghiep 50 Bid Minh Thudn phai sdng dugc dua tren ca sd dit dai san xuat; quy hoach tai djnh cu phai phu hgp vdi chien lugc phat triln kinh tl - xa hdi cua dja phuang, cdng ddng sd tai cung dugc hudng lgi tQ ke hoach tai djnh cu Viec thuc hien dung cac nguyen tac la yeu td quyet djnh cho cong cua mdi du an tai djnh cu Tuy nhien, viec thuc hien cac nguyen tac tren day qua trinh tai djnh cu cho ngudi Dan Lai d Khe Khang bgc Id nhieu bat cap, dan den cham tien va nhieu muc tieu, nhiem vu dQng trudc nguy ca khdng thuc hien dugc Ngoai cdng tac lap Du an chua dugc tien hanh chu dao va cd phan chu quan, dudi day la mdt sd bat cap chfnh dan den sir khdng c6ng cua Du an 5.7 Chinh sdch den bit ciia du- dn - Ve bd trf dat n6ng nghiep, chu dau tu dua theo nguyen tac: "Dien tich ddt dugc den bii thupc vdo dieu kien cu the, khd ndng ddt dai ciia timg viing", nen da kh6ng dap Qng du dat san xuat cho ngudi dan, hon nQa chit lugng cua dat san xuit vQng dit dugc quy hoach cho cac hd tai djnh cu rit thap, lam cho ngudi tai dinh cu khong c6 dieu kien san xuat nong nghiep; khong sing noi tren manh dit cua minh, phai quay lai nai d cu kiem sdng bing khai thac cac nguon lgi tQ rimg - Viec ho trg ngudi dan nhim In dinh ddi sdng va phat trien san xuit nong - lam nghiep khdng dugc quan tam dung mQc Vifc hi trg ky thuat san xuit tiln hanh rit hinh thQc, khdng mang lai cac kit qua cu the viec cai thien va nang cao ddi song Ddi ngu can bd ndng nghiep cua huyen, xa chua tfch cue viee chi dao, hudng dan dong bao san xuit - Theo kl hoach, Du an phai xay dimg tuyen dudng giao thdng nim dgc theo hai b^n tai djnh cu (dudng tu Kim Son - Luc Da di Bic Son - Mdn Son) la dudng loai A giao thdng ndng thdn, nhung din n6 van chi la dudng dit nhu trudc thuc hien du an tai djnh cu, vi khdng cd kinh phf Tuyen dudng ndi khu tai djnh cu vdi true dudng giao thdng chfnh gan nhat phai dat tieu chuin loai B giao thdng ndng thdn; nhien, cdng trinh dugc thi cong khdng bao dam chat lugng, qua trinh sQ dung khong dugc tu sQa nen xuong cap rat nhanh, lam cho viec di lai cua ddng bao gap nhieu kho khan, nhat la mua mua lu - Cac cdng trinh thuy lgi phue vu cho nhu cau sinh hoat va san xuat da dugc chu dau tu tien hanh vdi viec sua sang Iai dap nudc, lap dat he thdng dng dan nudc va xay dung cac be chQa nudc tai ban, song chi sQ dung dugc mdt thdi gian ngan la het tac dung khau khao sat, thiet ke va thi cong chua dam bao chat Iugng Dap chQa nudc hu hdng, he thdng dudng dng kh6ng bao dam tieu chuan ky thuat, din din tinh trang cac be chQa khdng c6 nudc Din cudi thang nam 2010, Tram bom Tan Son mdi dugc dua vao sQ dung Nhu vay, suit khoang thdi gian trudc do, ddng bao tiln hanh san xuat ndng nghiep hoan toan phu thudc vao ngudn nudc trdi (nudc mua) Do do, dien tfch canh tac ndng nghiep khdng dugc md rdng, ma cdn bj thu hep va bd Tgp chi Ddn tgc hgc sd - 2011 hoang dang kl (tQ nam 2006 din nam 2009 gin nhu toan bg hon 20 dit canh tac cua hai ban bi bd hoang) - Nhihig ngudi dan chua he cd mdt ca hgi nao dl tham gia gop y vao viec thiet ke, xay dung cac xay dung khu tai djnh cu nen da anh hudng rit Idn din ddi song van hoa - xa hgi cua cdng dong ngudi Dan Lai nai day - Trong chfnh sach den bu cua du an cho ngudi dan tai djnh cu mdi chi quan tam den bii nhQng thiet hai ve dat dai, cac tai san bj anh hudng va h6 trg cugc sdng sau tai djnh cu; kh6ng tfnh den cac thiet hai gian tiep va thiet hai v6 hinh khae ddi s6ng ciia ngudi Dan Lai, nhu lgi the tu danh bit thuy san, tQ khai thac cac loai san phim tQ rimg vdn la ngudn sinh ke ddng vai tro quan trgng cua ngudi dan Dan Lai vung thugng nguIn Khe Khang Day cung la tinh trang chung cac du an di dan tai djnh cu d Viet Nam 3.2 Phirang dn tdi dinh cu - Trong phuang an tai djnh cu d ban Tan Son, dien tfch dat canh tac ndng nghiep la 8,5 dugc chia dlu cho sl khiu Binh quan moi hd 0,54 dl san xuit Sl dien tfch can dugc cai tao, dao ranh thoat nudc chdng ung vao mua mua de san xuat on djnh Tuy nhien, tQ dd den vin chua cd mdt bien phap cu the nao de nang cao chat Iugng dat, Iam cho dien tfch dat bo hoang cang nhieu hon Du kien binh quan mdi hd 0,1 rugng nudc van la ude ma xa vdi cua nhQng ngudi dan noi day - Tinh trang tren cung dien d diem tai djnh cu Cua Rao Ngudi tai djnh cu d 51 day cdn khdng cd dit dl lam rugng nudc Vung dit san xuit vdi dien tfch 11,6 d ban CQa Rao cd die rit Ion nen khdng bao dam cho san xuit n6ng nghiep, dac biet la canh tac lua nude, nhung da khdng dugc cai tao va cung khdng dugc san ui mat bing de dam bao san xuat - Viec giao dat rimg de cac loai cay lam nghiep cho cac hg gia dinh cham hon so vdi kl hoach Din nam 2006, sau nam thuc hien tai djnh cu, cac hd gia dinh mdi nhan dugc dat va dien tfch dat chia cho cac hg gia dinh cung ft han so vdi kl hoach ban dau - Viec hd trg sQc keo khdng dugc dap ung du Theo quy djnh ciia Du an, cac hd chua CO trau bo dugc hd trg mgt trau hoac bo de lam gidng va cay keo, song Du an chi ho trg cho hai gia dinh chung mgt trau (hoac bd) - Viec ho trg cac dieu kien song khae cung tinh trang tuong tu Theo ke hoach, mdi hd tai djnh cu dugc xay mdt gieng nudc sach, sau tu 10 den 15m, c6 nen, be chQa nudc, nha tam, may bom dien hoac bam tay cung he thdng chudng trai de chan nudi Den nay, moi hd chi dugc dau tu gieng (nhung nhieu gieng sau tren 20m thudng xuyen khdng cd nudc, dac biet la vao mua kh6); cdn cac c6ng trinh phu trg khae khong dugc chii dau tu xay dimg, lap dat - Trong ban quy hoach noi ro qua trinh xay dung can chu y de nha d phai the hien phong tuc tap quan cua ngudi Dan Lai, thiet ke mau nha cin cd su tham gia ciia ngudi dan, co the ho trg ve mat kinh phi de hg tu lira chgn phuong an xay nha mdi hay Bid Minh Thugn_ 52 chuyen nha cua hg Song thilt kl mau nha khu tai djnh cu, chu dau tu da kh6ng tham khao y kien cua ngudi dan Cac can nha ma Ban quan ly du an da xay cho 36 hg tai dinh cu dau tien la cac day nha cap b6n, moi hg chi dugc ba gian lien ke nhau, khdng diing vdi phong tuc tap quan cua ddng bao Thu tudng Chfnh phu, Quylt djnh sd 280/2006/QD-TTg, Phe duyet De an "Bdo tdn vd phdt triin bin vitng tpc ngu&i thiiu sd Dan Lai hien dang sinh sdng tgi viing loi Vu&n Qudc gia Pit Mat, huyen Con Cudng, tinh Nghe An", 19/12/2006 Nhu vay, qua trinh td chQc thuc hien tai djnh cu tQ nam 2002 cho dong bao Dan Lai tu vung thugng nguon Khe Khang hai ban Tan Son va Cua Rao cho den vin cdn nhilu khd khan mdt phan vi dieu kien ngan sach diu tu tQ Du an SFNC han ehl; ngudi dan chua bit nhjp dugc vdi sir thay dii qua ldn, bj "sdc" trudc nhung thay ddi ddi song kinh te, van hoa va xa hdi Song nguyen nhan quan trgng nhat la su chu quan, n6ng vgi qua trinh khao sat va lap du an tai dinh cu, sir quan tam chua dung muc cua cac cap chinh quyen dja phuang qua trinh ho trg ngudi dan sau tai djnh cu UBND huyen Con Cudng (1999), Bdo cdo kit qud ban ddu vi nghien citu khd thi tdi dinh cu cdc bdn Dan Lai Khu Bdo tdn thien nhien Pii Mdt, Con Cu6ng Tai lieu tham khao UBND huyen Con Cuong (10/2001), Bdo cdo nghien cuu khd thi Thuc hien tdi dinh cu ddng bdo ddn tpc Dan Lai bdn Co Phgt - Khe Cdn - Bdn Bung xd Mdn San - huyen Con Cudng - tinh Nghe An, Con Cuong UBND tinh Nghe An (08/2006), De dn bdo tdn vd phdt trien ben vitng tgc ngudi thieu sd Dan Lai hien dang sinh sdng tgi vung loi Vu&n Qudc gia Pii Mdt, huyen Con Cudng, tinh Nghe An, Vinh Bg dgi bien phong tinh Nghe An (11/2009), Kit qud thuc hien ke hogch "Bdo tdn vdphdt trien ben vitng tpc ngudi thieu sd • Dan Lai tgi viing loi Vu&n Qudc gia Pii Mof", Nghe An CCDCDC & VKTM NA, Du an LNXH & BTTN NA (5/2000), Bdo cdo nghien cicu khd thi tdi dinh cu cpng ddng Dan Lai tgi bdn: Co Phgt, Khe Cdn, Bdn Bung xd Mdn Son huyen Con Cudng tinh Nghe An, Ninh Khu tai djnh cu cua ngudi Thai d San La ... cua ngudi dan Dan Lai vung thugng nguIn Khe Khang Day cung la tinh trang chung cac du an di dan tai djnh cu d Viet Nam 3.2 Phirang dn tdi dinh cu - Trong phuang an tai djnh cu d ban Tan Son, dien... hgp, cong dong cu dan phai di chuyeri phai doi mat vdi nhQng "cu sdc" ve van hda va tam ly vdn kh6ng dugc chuan bj trudc Du an di dan tai djnh cu cho cong dong ngudi Dan Lai vQng Khe Khang dugc... hoach hanh dgng cho tai djnh cu Ngay 04/6/2001, UBND tinh Nghe An Quylt dinh sl 1738 QD.UB/NN giao cho UBND huyen Con Cuong lap Du an tai djnh cu cho ngudi Dan Lai d thugng ngu6n Khe Khang den