!Kjhien adu - Trao idx 46 - Khoa h o c Chfnh tri CONG N H A N TRI THlJC QUAN NIEM, DAC DIEM Tran Thj Nhir Quynho I Quan n i e m v e c o n g n h a n tri thu:c m Xung quanh quan niem v i cdng nhan tri thfle (CNTT) hien van edn ed nhiiu y kien khac Cd y kien cho rang, phai ggi bg phan cdng nhan bac cao la CNTT (intellectual labour), song cung cd y kien eho rang, phai ggi la "edng nhan tri thfle" (knowledge labour) Theo chung tdi, ndi tdi cdng nhan tri thfle la ndi tdi trinh eua edng nhan (bao gdm ca tri thfle kinh nghiem, tri thfle sdng ), nhfl vay, quan niem edng nhan tri thfle chu ye'u mang tinh dinh Iflgng, cdn quan niem CNTT mang ca tinh dinh Iflgng Ian dinh tinh CNTT chi bg phan cdng n h a n cd trinh ngang vdi tri thfle, trinh hien dflgc eu the hda bang trinh tfl cao dang, dai hgc trd Ien, hoae nhflng edng nhan " ThS KHXH&NV, Hoc vien Chinh tri Hanh chinh khu VLTC II, Hoc vien CT-HCQG Ho Chi Minh tdi thie'u tdt nghiep trung hgc phd thdng nhflng phai dflgc dao tao them ve mat Iy luan la tfl eao dang trd Ien, vi mat thfle tien la hgc n g h i dat trinh cong nhan ky thuat Nhfl vay, each ggi CNTT chi ca mflc td'i thieu phai ed, mflc td'i da khdng gidi ban Tuy nhien, xet cho cung, ca hai each ggi tren deu chi bo phan cdng n h a n bac eao, bg phan dflgc hinh t h a n h tfl sfl gia nhap cua mot bg phan tang Idp tri thfle vao hang ngu giai cap cdng n h a n (GCCN) va mot bg phan edng nhan dflgc dao tao theo yeu cau cua CNH, HDH gan lien vdi khoa hgc - cdng nghe hien dai Day ehinh la qua trinh lich sfl tri thfle hda GCCN, dfla GCCN tflng bfldc trd t h a n h GCCN eua van minh tri tue Dd eung la qua trinh "tri thfle hda cdng ndng" va "cdng ndng hda tri thfle" nhfl du doan thien tai ciia Chu tich Hd Chi Minh Dac trUng Iao dgng cua CNTT la Iao dgng bang tri thfle, ky nang nghi nghiep hien dai vdi edng nghe tien tie'n va ed tinh xa hdi hda cao Nghia la ho 5\(ghien cdu - Trao ioi vfla cd kha nang sfl dung trang thie't bi hien dai, vfla cd kha nang hoat dgng sang tao, Iinh boat vdi trinh chuyen mdn cao Khac so vdi cdng nhan cua thdi dai cong nghiep co khi, CNTT cd them nhiiu tri thfle lien thdng vdi cac n g h i nghiep, Iinh vfle khac Qua trinh lao dgng cua hg can tdi nhflng pha'm chat rieng eua tflng ngfldi song ludn gan bd, lien hiep va can tdi sfl hd trg eua nhieu ngfldi, nhiiu nganh khac Tinh chat xa hgi hda cua Iao ddng cdng nghiep khdng chi la hop tac - lien ke't theo chiiu cdng nghe - ky thuat ma cdn md theo nhiiu chiiu khac nhfl kinh te - xa hgi: san pham phai hfldng tdi chat Iflgng qud'c te, dam bao phat trien b i n vflng, an toan v i mdi trfldng Hg dang san xuat nhflng da phai quan tam den pham cap hang hda tren nhiiu phflong dien khac cua ddi sd'ng CNTT phai cd trinh hoc van, khoa hgc - cdng nghe eao, hg vfla tham gia trflc tiep Iao dgng san xua't cdng nghiep va dich vu cdng nghiep tao eua cai, vat chat va cac dich vu tien Ich cho xa hgi, vfla tham gia boat dgng qua trinh quan Iy, nghien cflu, phat minh, sang che khoa hgc Nhfl vay, CNTT, giai doan hien nay, la khai niem dung de chi bg phan tinh nha't cua GCCN hien dai, dflgc hinh t h a n h va phat trien gan liin vdi suf hinh t h a n h va phat trien cua n i n kinh te' tri thfle, bao gdm nhflng ngfldi Iao dgng cd trinh eao dang, dai hgc trd Ien, dang trflc tie'p tham gia vao viec td chflc, quan Iy san xua't - kinh doanh, nghien cflu va quan Iy khoa hgc - ky thuat gan vdi san xua't - kinh doanh hoae trflc tiep van hanh, sfl dung cae cdng cu, phflong tien san xuat edng nghiep tien tien, hien dai; la lfle Iflgng dai dien cho nhu cau va xu hfldng dan chu hda xa hgi 47 - Khoa h o c Chfnh tri vdi trinh xa hdi hda, qude te hda rat eao; la lfle IflOng lam chu tri thfle khoa hgc va cdng nghe, di dau sfl nghiep CNH, HDH, hgi nhap kinh te qude te Tdm Iai, CNTT la mot bg phan cot Idi cua edng n h a n hien dai, la bg phan the hien tap trung nhat nhflng tinh ma GCCN hien dai cd: tam cao tri tue; tinh td chflc va Iinh hoat; nang Iflc chuyen mdn, nghiep vu; thye sfl lam chu tri thfle khoa hgc va cdng nghe; dai dien cho nhu cau va xu hfldng dan chu hda xa hgi; mang tinh xa hgi hda, qude te hda cao Diiu cho tha'y, CNTT chinh la mot bd phan cua ngudn n h a n \\ic chat Iflgng cao qua trinh hinh t h a n h va phat trien n i n kinh te tri thfle, bg phan dac biet d chd la hoat dgng cua nd gan trflc tie'p hoae gian tiep vdi qua trinh san xua't cdng nghiep hoae qua trinh san xua't ed tinh chat cdng nghiep Chinh Iflc Iflgng tao nang suat Iao dgng cao cua xa hgi hien dai va tao dae diem phan biet thdi dai vdi cae thdi dai trfldc dd D a c d i e m ciia CNTT CNTT la bg phan cua GCCN nen cung cd nhflng dac diem cua GCCN Tuy nhien, vdi tfl each la bg phan flu tu nha't, tien tie'n nha't cua GCCN hien dai, CNTT co nhitng ddc diem rieng Dd la: Thd nhdt, CNTT la san pha'm cua n i n kinh te tri thfle, lao dgng eac nganh edng nghe eao, nhflng nganh tao san pham kinh te ed gia tri gia tang cao dfla nhiiu vao tri thfle Sau Chie'n tranh the' gidi thfl hai, cae nfldc TBCN phflong Tay trai qua hai cugc each mang khoa hgc - ky thuat Lan thfl nha't vao nhflng nam 50 - 60 eua the ky XX Cugc each mang tao sfl phat trien manh me cac Iinh vfle nang Iflgng h a t nhan, ban dSn, hda hgc 48 - Khoa h o c Chfnh tri tdng hgp, hang khdng vu tru Lan thfl hai vao nhflng nam 90 cua the ky XX, ky thuat laser da khoi len cugc each mang ve khoa hgc - ky thuat cao, chu yeu lien quan de'n ky thuat vi dien tfl, ky thuat thdng tin, edng nghe vu tru, ky thuat hang khdng, nang Iflgng mdi, nguyen lieu mdi Hai cugc each mang cd tac dung thuc day to Idn dd'i vdi sfl phat trien sflc san xua't cua CNTB, giup cho sflc san xua't phat trien vflgt bac, hinh n i n kinh te tri thfle Dfldi sfl phat trien nhfl vu bao cua khoa hgc - ky thuat hien dai, cua n i n kinh te tri thfle, lao dgng gian ddn cang bi may mdc hda thay the, ty le cdng nhan trflc tie'p tham gia san xua't cac nganh che' tao mot tha'p tdng so' cdng nhan, vi tri ngfldi Iao dgng tri dc - CNTT cang trd nen quan trgng Su chuyen dich tfl cdng nhan lao dgng gian don sang CNTT da trd t h a n h xu the chung cua sfl phat trie'n va tien bg xa hgi Trong diiu kien each mang thdng tin khoa hgc - cdng nghe da chie'm vi tri so' mot san xua't, CNTT trd bd phan hgp t h a n h quan trgng nha't cua GCCN Ne'u nhfl trfldc day, GCCN la de cua n i n cdng nghiep thi kinh te tri thufc, nd la san pham ciia n i n kinh te' Theo quy dinh chung hien v i tieu chi cua n i n kinh te tri thfle ma nhiiu nfldc chap nhan, dflgc gdi ggn so 70% Dd la: tren 70% GDP la cac nganh san xua't va dich vu flng dung edng nghe eao mang Iai (ma cdng nghe cao la CNTT dam nhiem); tren 70% eo ca'u gia tri gia tang la ke't qua cua lao dgng tri dc; tren 70% la lao dgng tri thfle (cung ed noi ggi la CNTT); tren 70% vdn la vdn eon ngfldi Hien nay, eac tieu chi neu tren, hai tieu ehi dau d Viet Nam mdi 9^hien cdu Trao doi dat dflgc khoang tfl 10% de'n 20%, cdn lfle Iflgng CNTT chie'm khoang tren dfldi 10% Diiu cd nghia la nen kinh te tri thfle d nfldc ta dang giai doan hinh t h a n h va phat trie'n, va le dfldng nhien, CNTT o nfldc ta cung mdi giai doan dinh hinh Hg la Iflc Iflgng Iao dgng ed mat mot so nganh cdng nghe cao d nfldc ta hien nay: cdng nghe thdng tin, cdng nghe sinh hgc (cdng nghe gen, edng nghe hda sinh), cdng nghe tfl dgng hda, cdng nghe laser, cdng nghe vat lieu mdi, cdng nghe xay dflng cau dfldng, co dien tfl, khai thac dau Thd hai, CNTT la bg phan Iao dgng cd trinh hgc van, trinh khoa hgc va edng nghe eao La san pham cua n i n kinh te tri thfle, CNTT la dgi ngu dflgc dao tao ky cang, cd bang cap hgc van cao (It nha't o bac cao dang, dai hgc), chuyen mdn sau (lanh n g h i , tay nghe thugc cac bac cao nha't), vdi trinh khoa hgc va edng nghe eao, t h a n h thao chuyen mdn, nghe nghiep Cugc each mang khoa hgc va edng nghe dien nhflvu bao hien ddi hdi dgi ngu CNTT phai cd trinh chuyen mdn cao de tie'p thu va Iam chu dflOc cdng nghe tien tie'n; nhay ben va thich nghi n h a n h vdi nhflng ky thuat - cdng nghe hien dai Cudc each mang cang di vao chieu sau cang ddi hdi trinh chuyen mdn hda cao cua dgi ngu CNTT nham dat dflgc nang sua't, hieu qua san xua't - kinh doanh ldn hon nhieu Ian Hon nfla, xu the toan cau hda nen kinh te the gidi, dgi ngu CNTT cdn phai bie't chu dgng hgi nhap qude te Khac vdi toan cau hda, hgi nhap qud'c te la hanh ddng chu quan, cd chu dich cua ngfldi nham khai thac ngudn Iflc ben ngoai de tang cfldng sflc manh cua • (\[ghien cdu - Trao ioi doanh nghiep minh, cua da't nfldc minh Hgi nhap qud'c te cung cd nghia la chap nhan canh tranh vdi the gidi ben ngoai, hgi nhap nhflng khdng hda tan, vSn bao ve dflgc n i n dgc lap dan tgc Trong diiu kien nhfl vay, dgi ngu CNTT ngoai ban Iinh ehinh tri vflng vang, y thfle dan tgc cao, cdn phai cd trinh (hgc van, chuyen mdn) ngang tam ddi hdi cua khu vfle va the gidi Chinh nhflng yeu cau ddi hdi cae qud'c gia hien phai day manh cdng tac dao tao, co cau Iai dgi ngu Iao dgng theo hfldng xay dflng va phat trie'n ngudn nhan lfle chat Iflgng cao, tang cfldng tri thfle hda cdng nhan Iao dgng O cac nfldc cdng nghiep phat trien, 60 70% lfle lfldng Iao dgng xa hgi hien la CNTT; d mot so' nfldc, cdng nhan cd trinh dai hgc chie'm de'n 80%'" O nfldc ta, xu hfldng eung dang dien ra, rd nha't la d cac tap doan va doanh nghiep Idn Theo Bao cao cua Dang iiy khd'i cac doanh nghiep Trung flong Tap doan Hang khdng Viet Nam hien cd 46,6% ngfldi Iao dgng cd trinh cao dang, dai hgc trd Ien, Tap doan Dien lUc Viet Nam la 28,5%, Tap doan BUu chinh Viin thdng Viet Nam la 26,5%, Ngan hang Cdng thuong Viet Nam la 94,1% Thd ba, CNTT la bg phan Iao ddng cd kha nang thich flng va tinh Iinh boat cao cdng viec CNTT la nhflng ngfldi lao ddng hien dai vdi trinh chuyen mdn cdng nghe va ky thuat eao, llnh vfle lao dgng chu yeu cua hg la dich vu edng nghiep hoae dich vu ed tinh chat cdng nghiep Hg la nhflng ngfldi thich flng tot vdi nhflng iiivai2i Xem: Pham Ngoc Dung, Tri thiic hoa cong nhdn VietNam, Thong tin Klioa hoc xa hoi, so 12/2006, tr.13-20 49 - Khoa h o c Chinh tri cdng viec phflc tap va ludn thay ddi thdi dai nay, tfl viec sang tao de'n sfl dung va chuye'n giao vao san xua't vdi tdc cao Sfl phat trien kinh te tri thfle d Anh, Phap, My, Dflc cho tha'y, vdng 5-10 nam trd Iai day, ndi dung lao dgng cua cac nganh kinh te' lac hau tdi 30%, rieng nganh dien tfl lac hau tren 50%, cfl 1-3 n a m cd the loai bd mot mat hang, 3-5 nam cd kha nang loai bd ban mot nganh san xuat'^' Mat khac, san xua't mang tinh qud'c te lam cho khdng gian boat dgng eua Iao dgng cang md rong Phflong thfle Iao dgng eua CNTT cang linh boat v i thdi gian, noi Iam viec va viec Iam Lao dgng ca ddi tren mot vi tri iam viec da trd nen ngoai le Thay ddi thfldng xuyen cdng viee, lien tuc phai chuyen de'n nhflng Iinh vfle mdi da trd t h a n h thdng le va hg cd the mang nhieu qude tich, Iao dgng tai nhieu cdng ty eon d nhiiu quoc gia eho mot chien Iflgc san pha'm ciia edng ty me Nam 1995, Tap doan GMC d My cd tdi 5,5 trieu cdng nhan vdi 43 qud'c tich Iam viec tai hon 6.000 ehi n h a n h khap the gidi Ddng ngfldi cd trinh chuyen mdn eao, dd ed CNTT, cua cac nfldc dang phat trien dang dich ehuyen ve cac nfldc cdng nghiep phat trien theo each Nhflng diiu dd ddi hdi CNTT phai la nhflng ngfldi ed kha nang bd sung tri thfle n g h i nghiep de cd the thich flng cao thay ddi cdng viec Diiu cung cd nghia la CNTT phai cd ban linh n g h i nghiep de khdng bi dgng trfldc sfl thay ddi nhanh chdng ca v i ndi dung va each thfle tien h a n h cdng viec eiia thdi dai toan cau hda va kinh te tri thfle Thd tu, CNTT la lfle Iflgng Iao dgng cd kha nang sang tao edng viec s a n g tao bao gid cung la dgng lfle thuc day sfl phat trii'n Dac biet la 9{ghien cdu - Trao ioi 50 - Khoa h o c Chinh tri thdi dai nay, "nhflng gi la mdi va sdi dgng cua hdm qua nhanh chdng trd cu ky va tam thfldng hdm nay"'" Ne'u khdng lien tuc cd nhflng y tfldng sang tao thi hoat dgng cua td chflc va suy rdng la cua mot dan tgc se bi te liet Hon nfla, dae diem ciia kinh te tri thfle la vdng ddi cdng nghe rat ngan Cac nha san xua't mudn tdn tai va phat trien phai ludn ddi mdi edng nghe, dd, sfl sang tao cua cdng nhan chinh la Iinh hdn cua sU tdn tai va la dgng lUe eua nen kinh te tri thfle Neu trfldc day, ngfldi ta thfldng chgn nhflng cdng nghe da chin mudi thi nay, n i n kinh te tri thfle phai tim chgn cdng nghe mdi sinh De dap flng yeu cau cua n i n kinh te tri thfle thi can cd ngudn nhan Iflc chat Iflgng cao, dd la CNTT Hg la nhflng ngfldi cd kha nang ap dung nhflng t h a n h tflu khoa hgc de sang ehe nhflng ky thuat, cdng nghe tien tie'n Vdi nhflng tri thfle khoa hgc va nhflng kinh nghiem tich luy dflgc qua trinh san xua't trflc tie'p, CNTT khdng nhflng suf dung cac cdng cu Iao dgng hien cd, ma cdn cd the sang che nhflng tfl lieu Iao dgng mdi, hoan thien ky thuat va phflong phap san xuat; ddng thdi, cd kha nang bie'n tri thfle t h a n h ky nang Iao dgng n g h i nghiep, nghia la, ky nang lao dgng gidi the hien qua trinh tay n g h i , mflc thao chuyen mdn n g h i nghiep Do vay, CNTT phai la nhflng ngfldi cd nhan each, tri tue phat trie'n, ed mot so' pham chat ndi bat ma rat it ngfldi cd, ddng thdi phai la ngfldi giau tinh sang tao, ed tfl dgc dao, sac sao, cd kha nang dfl bao va suy dien tdt, giai quye't '" Tony Buzan, Bdn tU cong Nxb Lao dong - Xa hgi, H N 2007, tr.2 viec, cae cdng viec nhanh, chinh xac, mang Iai hieu qua ra't cao Vdi dae diem nay, CNTT xflng dang trd t h a n h Iflc Iflgng tien phong sfl nghiep xay dflng CNXH va la Iflc Iflgng di dau sfl nghiep CNH, HDH da't nfldc Thd ndm, CNTT (vdi tfl each la bg phan flu tu eua GCCN) la bg phan Iao dgng ed tinh tieh cflc chinh tri - xa hgi, cd van hda lao dgng edng nghiep, cd sflc khde CNTT la nhflng ngfldi cd Idng yeu n g h i , say me va he't long vdi cdng viec; cd y thfle n a n g cao trinh tri thfle ve mgi mat, cd tinh t h a n hgc hdi, tim toi, ludn tfl ddi hdi eao d ehinh minh; luon ed tinh t h a n h a n g hai, di dau, nhiet tinh cdng viec, dam nghi dam lam, cd y chl tien thu, ludn khao khat vflon len N i n san xua't cdng nghiep hien dai cdn ddi hdi d CNTT nhflng nang Iflc can thiet khac nhfl: cd ky luat tfl giac, biet tie't kiem nguyen vat lieu va thdi gian, ed tinh t h a n trach nhiem viec bao dfldng thie't bi may mdc, phflong tien san xua't, cd tinh t h a n hgp tac va tac phong Iao dgng cdng nghiep, IflOng tam nghe nghiep nghia la phai cd vdn hoa lao dgng cong nghiep Mot nhflng pham chat quan trgng n h a t cua.van hoa Iao ddng cdng nghiep la tinh than trach nhiem cao dd'i vdi chat Iflgng san pham Qua trinh CNH, HDH cdn dung cham de'n eac van de phflc tap quan he gifla ngfldi vdi thien nhien Nd ddi hdi dgi ngu CNTT phai ed hii'u biet va trach nhiem eao viec bao ve, cai thien mdi trfldng sinh thai vi sfl phat trien b i n vflng; CNTT phai cd quan diem, nhan thfle, thai do, h a n h vi, ldi sdng, each flng xfl dung dan vdi tfl nhien; cd y thfle phdng ngfla, ngan chan, xfl ly hau qua cua san xua't cdng nghiep gay ra; flng dung t h a n h tUu khoa hgc - cdng • "Tighien cdu - Trao ioi nghe viee cai thien mdi trUdng, bao tdn thien nhien Mot ye'u to' khdng the thie'u dd'i vdi CNTT la sflc khde Sflc khde khdng chi dflgc hieu la tinh trang khdng cd benh tat, ma cdn la sfl hoan thien vi mat the chat Ian tinh than Dgi ngu CNTT can cd sflc vdc the chat tot de tri va phat trien tri tue, de chuyen tai tri thfle vao boat dgng thfle tien: sang tao - flng dung - san xua't, bien tri thfle sflc manh vat chat Hon nfla, can cd sfl deo dai cua boat dgng than kinh, niem tin va y chi, kha nang van dgng va sang tao cua tri Iflc nhflng diiu kien thay ddi khac Dgi ngu CNTT d nfldc ta edn la nhflng 51 - Khoa h o c Chinh tri ngfldi lao ddng giau Idng yeu nfldc, cd y thfle va tinh thflong yeu giai cap, thflOng yeu ddng loai, sd'ng nhan van, nhan dao, mong mudn ddng gdp tai nang, cdng sflc cua minh vao sU nghiep phat trie'n chung eua dan tgc; ed y thfle va kien quyet dau tranh bao ve Td qud'c, bao ve nhflng t h a n h qua each mang; kien quye't da'u tranh Iam t h a t bai mgi am mflu chd'ng pha cua ke thu, hoan t h a n h thang lgi sfl menh lich sfl cua GCCN Nhflng dae die'm tren cua CNTT eung chinh la nhflng chuan mflc, dinh hfldng gia tri xa hgi de xay dflng va phat trien dgi ngu CNTT dap flng yeu cau day manh CNH, HDH da't nfldc giai doan hien nay.l^ TUYEN NGON DOC LAP NAM 1945 (tiep trang 31) (1 Uy vien phu trach kinh te tai chinh, uy vien phu trach quan sfl va uy vien phu trach xa hgi) Khoa hgc hon, Ngfldi cdn chi rd nhiem vu cu the cua cac chflc vu: "Hgp Chu tich, Phd Chu tich va Thfl ky t h a n h Ban thfldng vu de chi huy cdng tac hang Nhflng uy vien phu trach, ne'u can, cd the lay mot so' ngfldi ngoai Uy ban lap cac Tieu ban tuyen truyen hua'n luyen, Tieu ban tfl phap, Tieu ban quan sfl, Trong cac tieu ban dd Uy vien phu trach se iam Trfldng ban Uy ban nao cung cd quyin giai quye't nhflng van de thugc v i dia phflong minh, nhflng phai bao cao len cap tren Uy ban n h a n dan td chflc va lam viee theo mot tinh t h a n mdi, mot che dd dan chu mdi, khac ban cac co 'Ho Chi Minh, Sdd, t.4, tr.14-15 quan bgn thd'ng tri cu dat ra"'" Nhfl vay, Chu tich Hd Chi Minh da thie't ke mot n i n hanh chinh nfldc nha hoan toan mdi, lay Igi Ich n h a n dan lam muc tieu boat dgng Tfl uy ban hanh chinh cap ky, de'n cap tinh, huyen va xa, chflc nang quyin h a n rat cu the, khdng Ian ldn vdi Hgi ddng nhan dan, chu ye'u la mot CO quan thi h a n h menh lenh cua Chinh phu va co quan hanh chinh cap tren Uy ban h a n h chinh edn la co quan thfle hien nghi quyet cua Hgi ddng nhan dan cung cap, la mot bg phan eua ehinh quyen nhan dan dia phflong, ehiu trach nhiem trfldc n h a n dan dia phflOng Mot ddi ngu cdng chflc cua n i n hanh chinh qud'c gia tfl v i can bg cua Chu tich Hd Chi Minh da dem Iai hinh anh rat mdi me v i mot bg may nha nfldc hien dai.Q ... ldn vdi Hgi ddng nhan dan, chu ye'u la mot CO quan thi h a n h menh lenh cua Chinh phu va co quan hanh chinh cap tren Uy ban h a n h chinh edn la co quan thfle hien nghi quyet cua Hgi ddng nhan... pham chat quan trgng n h a t cua.van hoa Iao ddng cdng nghiep la tinh than trach nhiem cao dd'i vdi chat Iflgng san pham Qua trinh CNH, HDH cdn dung cham de'n eac van de phflc tap quan he gifla... eao dang, dai hgc trd Ien, dang trflc tie'p tham gia vao viec td chflc, quan Iy san xua't - kinh doanh, nghien cflu va quan Iy khoa hgc - ky thuat gan vdi san xua't - kinh doanh hoae trflc tiep