HOAT DONG SAN XUAT VA SINH SONG CUA NGU^OiI DAN TRONG VUNG DEM VU^CJN QUOC GIA LO GO - XA MAT VA TAC D O N G C U A N O D E N M O I TRrCJNG NGUYEN TAN DAN, LAI TUNG QUAN* I DIEU KIEN KINH TE XA HOI CUA CAC XA VUNG DEM Vudn Qudc gia Ld Gd - Xa Mat (tinh Tay Ninh) cd tdng dien tich 18.806 ha, nam tiep giap vdi xa vung dem la: Tan Binh, Hoa Hiep, Tan Lap va Thanh Tay Dan sd song vung dem Vudn Quoc gia la 27.675 ngudi , ,, BANG Mot so thong tin co" ban ve dan so va dien tich cua viing dem Thanh Tay Tan Binh Hoa Hif p Tan Lap Dien tich tir nhien eiia xa (ha) 17.301 9.244 16.896 - - - Dim tich thuoc VQG (ha) 15.221 1.891 1.670,3 - 18.806 2.080 7.353 5.253 3.914 18.600 4.700 6.448 7.357 9.170 27.675 1,2 1,14 1,13 1,03 1,12 0,43 0,39 1,34 1,63 0,95 So hg ngheo 111 36 49 32 228 Thu nhap bq/nguoi/nam (trieu dong) 3,5 - 4,5 5,3 - - Dien tich thuoc viing dim (ha) Dan so (nguoi) Ty le tang dan so tu nhien( %) Ty le tang dan so ca hgc (%) Tong c^ng Nguon: Bao eao kinh te - xa hoi cac xa vung dem nam 2005; (-) Khong eo s6 lieu Trong xa vung dem, xa Tan Binh cd dan sd sdng tap trung chii yeu dgc tinh Id 20 d khu vuc vung dem ciia Vudn Qudc gia; mot sd hd dan van cdn sdng khu vuc phan khu phuc hdi sinh thai tu nhien cua Vudn Viec di chuyen cac hd dang sinh sdng khdi khu vuc gap mot sd khd khan hg da dinh cu tir lau Tai xa Hda Hiep, dan cu sdng tap trung chii yeu dgc tinh Id 788 va khu vuc trung tam xa Ngoai ra, cdn mot sd hd sdng dgc theo Id Ui va dudng ranh gidi ndng - lam Dac biet, tai khu vuc trang Ba Diec thudc quan ly ciia Vudn Qudc gia van cdn 21 hg dang sinh sdng Mat dan cu d day la 88 ngudi/km^, thap hon so vdi d xa Tan Binh, nhung khu vuc dang la diem ndng ve tranh chap tai nguyen giiia ngudi dan va Vudn Qudc gia Ngoai ra, xa Hda Hiep cd 138 hd ngudi- Q Khmer (nam 2005), song tap trung tai sdc Chang Rude va Sdc Thiic Ddi sdng ciia ho cd nhieu khd khan trinh dan tri thdp, ti le mu chii cao, tre em khdng din trudng phai lao ddng sdm, thilu giao vien khdng CO chi khuyin khich va thu hiit giao vien din d^y, thilu tai lieu giang day Ngudi dan a day van song chu ylu dua vao khai thac tu nhien nhu chat cay, idy ciii, dat bay, san bdn, hai nam, Ngoai ra, cdng ddng ngudi Campuchia sdng ben bien gidi vin thudng qua ben phia Viet Nam khu vuc xa Hoa Hiep dk khai thac tai nguyen riing va chan tha gia siic Toan xa cd 36 hd ngheo, chilm 2,42% dan sd, nhiing hd deu la nhiing ho ngudi Khmer va thilu ddt san xuat Nguyen Tan Dan, Ths, Vifn Phat triin ben vung vung Nam Bo; Lai Tiing Quan, Ths, Vien Sinh hoc Nhift a6i Nguyen Tan Dan, Lai Tung Quan - Hoat dong san xuat va sinh song Tai xa Tan Lap, theo dieu tra kinh tl xa hdi nam 2005, cd 7.357 nhan khau vdi 1.700 hd, cd 49 hd ngheo, chiem 2,8% Nhiing hd ngheo la nhiing hd thieu dat san xuat va trinh dan tri thap Dan cu tap trung chii yeu dgc qudc Id 22B, tinh Id 791 hudng di khu rung van hda lich sii Chang Riec va trung tam xa Mot sd hd sdng khu vuc thudc tieu khu 23 va 24 ciia Vudn Qudc gia cd dat canh tac ndng nghiep da trdng mi va cay dieu Do ngudi dan sdng gan rung nen hien tugng khai thac cay trai phep va Ian chiem dat rung de canh tac ndng nghiep van xay Mat dan cu ciia xa la 140 ngudi/km^ Day la noi tap trung nhieu phan dan tdc nhu: ngudi Kinh chilm 98,96%, ngudi Khmer chilm 0,86%, ngudi Hoa chilm 0,18% Da sd nhiing hd ngudi Hoa d day lam nghe budn ban, dich vu, cdn nhung hd ngudi Khmer lai chii yeu la canh tac ndng nghiep Mat khac, xa Tan Lap cd ciia khdu Xa Mat la cua khau qudc te, nen hang hda luu thdng qua khu vuc nhieu, day la dilu kien thiic ddy nganh nghe kinh doanh, dich vu thuong mai phat trien Ngudi dan d day tap trung san sudt ndng nghiep va dich vu, nhung ben canh dd mot sd cdn san bdt thii rung, budn ban va tieu thu ddng vat rung tir Campuchia mang sang Xa Thanh Tay cd 9.170 nhan khau vdi 1.993 hd (nam 2005) song tap trung chii ylu dgc qudc Id 22B va khu vuc trung tam xa Day la khu vuc cd phan dan tdc da dang nhdt xa ciia vung dem; dd cd 1.983 hd ngudi Kinh va hang chuc hd thudc cac dan tdc khac nhu Khmer, Mudng, ngudi Thugng, ngudi Bana va ngudi Hoa Day ciing la xa cd ty le tang dan sd ca hgc cao nhdt xa vung dem la 1,63% Nhiing ngudi di cu din xa chii ylu la ngudi ngheo, thilu ddt canh tac, tao nen mot sue ep ddi vdi viec khai thac va su dung tai nguyen II DIEU KIEN CANH TAC VA SlT PHU THUOC VAO TAI NGUYEN RITNG CUANGU^Ofl DAN TRONG VUNG DEM Dieu kien canh tac ciia nguoi dan NQhien ciru Phat then ben vCrno so (26) - ThinQ 3/2010 Tinh Tay Ninh ndi chung va cac xa viing dem Vudn Qudc gia Ld Gd-Xa Mat ndi rieng nam khu vuc ndi chi tuyen Bac va d vT thap nen quanh nam cd biic xa mat trdi Idn, thdi gian chieu sang dai (lugng biic xa tdi 130 Kcal/cmVnam) Che nhiet cao va tuong ddi dn dinh (nhiet trung binh nam tir 26^^ - 27'^C, nhiet trung binh thang khdng dudi 25°C); chenh lech nhiet giiia thang lanh nhat va thang ndng nhat chi 3° - 4*^C Tdng nhiet toan nam khoang 9.500^ lO.OOO'^C Lugng mua trung binh nam tu 1.400 - 2.000mm, song phan bd khdng deu, tap trung chii yeu mua mua, trung binh cac thang mua mua la 200 - 300mm Do dm khdng trung binh nam d Tay Ninh cao, khoang 78 - 80% Thang va thang cd dm thdp nhdt, trung binh chi khoang 45 50% Dac dilm hau Tay Nirih rat dien hinh cho mien hau nhiet ddi gid mua ndng dm cd mua khd keo dai; thang khd cd thang khd ban, thilu nudc nghiem trgng Dilu kien hau tren phu hgp cho phat triln cao su, dieu, mia va mi (san) Cac xa ndm viing dem Vudn Qudc gia diu boat ddng ndng nghiep la chii yeu Hg trdng cac loai cay nhu mia, mi, dieu, cao su Nhung nhung nam gdn day, thdi tiet thay ddi nen cd sir thay ddi ve ca cau cay trdng Vi du tai xa Tan Binh, cd nhieu dien tich thilu nudc nen mot sd dien tich canh tac bi bd hoang va ngudi dan chuyen dan sang trdng cay idy gd nhu keo, xa cir, tram, dilu va cao su thay cho dien tich trdng mi va mia Trudc day, rdt nhilu hd dan sdng dua chii yeu vao khai thac tai nguyen rung nhu khai thac dau rai, idy trai, khai thac gd va san ban thii rung, Nhung tir dugc sat nhap vao Vudn Quoc Gia ngudi dan dugc hudng dan ky thuat canh tac va ddn ddn on dinh san xuat ndng nghiep Hien khdng cdn hd nao song phu thudc hoan toan vao tai nguyen rung niia Tuy nhien, khoang 28% so hd dan cu vdn cdn cac boat ddng khai thac tai nguyen rung va tieu thu cac san pham rung Rieng xa Hoa Hiep cd uu the ve ngudn nudc, nen ca cdu cay trdng kha da dang gdm Nguyen Tan Dan, Lai Tung Quan - Hoat dong san xuat va sinh song Ilia, mi, mia va cac loai cay hoa mau khac Dat trdng cay lau nam vdi uu the la cac cay an qua, cao su, dieu Mat khac xa Hda Hiep la mot xa nhat cd dien tich dat lam nghiep; dd cd 67 rung tu nhien xa quan ly va 58 rung trdng Vudn Qudc gia quan ly Hien nay, tren 58 rung trdng, Vudn Qudc gia da giao cho cac hd dan theo md hinh nhan khoan trdng, quan ly va bao ve Cac md hinh trdng rirng bao gdm: cay dau rai thuan loai, cay dau rai + bach dan, cay keo thuan loai, cay tech, xa cu + keo, dau + keo, dau + cay an qua Tuy nhien, nhu cau cay gd de sua chiia nha cua nen rirng van cdn bi chat pha Ben canh dd, ngudi dan chua biet each khai thac hgp ly cac san pham phu tir rting va trdng xen canh dudi tan rung nen hau nhu khdng tao dugc thu nhap cho gia dinh tu cac boat dgng Do dd, ngudi dan cd tam ly chan nan khdng mudn tiep tuc cham sdc, bao ve rung nhan khoan, lam cho rirng cdi cgc, kem phat trien Nhieu hg cdn cd y dinh trao tra phan rirng da nhan khoan cho Vudn Qudc gia hay sang nhugng cho ngudi khac Xa Tan Lap cd dieu kien thuan Igi la nam tren true Id di qua ciia khau Xa Mat nen rdt thuan tien cho lam an, budn ban Ngoai tren dia ban xa cdn cd nha may sa che bien cii mi vdi san lugng 15.000 - 20.000 tan/ngay, tao cdng an viec lam dn dinh cho ngudi dan dia phuong Trong xa nam vung dem Vudn Qudc gia thi xa Thanh Tay la xa cd kinh tl phat trien nhat, vdi miic thu nhap binh quan dau ngudi la 5,3 trieu ddng/ngudi/nam, dd 84% la tu ndng nghiep Cac cay trdng chinh la mi, dieu va cay an trai Md hinh san xuat tieu bieu hien dang dugc ap dung tai dia phuong mang lai gia tri kinh te cao la trdng xen canh vdi cay cao su, cay dieu Chan nudi bd la mot nghe chan nudi cd tir lau ddi tai xa nhung dang gap khd khan ve ngudn thuc an, dac biet la mua khd Hien chua cd khu vuc nao quy hoach de trdng cd cho chan nudi bd Ngudn cd cung ^ cap cho bd hien tir bd, tbiia bi bd hoang hay tu nhiing trang cd thudc quan ly ciia Vudn Qudc gia gan vdi khu vuc dan cu sinh sdng Hien nay, Ban quan ly Vudn Qudc gia da bat dau cam ngudi dan tha bd vao nhiing trang cd dgc hoac ven rung Sy phu thuoc vao tai nguyen rirng ciia ngudi dan viing dem Vuan Quoc gia Vudn Qudc gia Ld Gd - Xa Mat la mot bd phan cua he sinh thai rung Ddng Nam Bd, mang nhiing sac thai chung ciia tham thuc vat Ddng Nam Bg Day la mot tap hgp gan nhu day dii cac loai cay hg Sao dau ciia Ddng Nam Bd tao nen net ddc dao rieng ciia Vudn Qudc gia Ld Gd - Xa Mat Ben canh dd, he sinh thai dat ngap nudc ciia Vudn Qudc gia Ld Gd - Xa Mat ciing cd nhiing dac diem rieng nhu: cd he sinh thai dat ngap nudc theo mua la nai cu trii cho cac loai chim, nhung khdng cd vung dam lay nhu d Vudn Qudc gia Nam Cat Tien hay he thdng ao hd ngap nudc quanh nam nhu khu Ma Da (tinh Ddng Nai) Tren mot dien tich khdng Idn lam ciia Vudn Qudc gia Ld Gd - Xa Mat cdn tim thay rat nhieu trang cd rdng Idn la diem khac biet so vdi cac khu rimg khac he thdng rung Ddng Nam Bd Cac ddn lieu ve tinh da dang sinh hgc ciia he sinh thai d Vudn Quoc gia Ld Gd - Xa Mat hien cdn chua dugc thdng ke, tdng hgp mot each day dii Nai day cd tiem nang to Idn vl nguon gen, tai nguyen va cac canh quan thien nhien rat phong phii Vudn Qudc gia Ld Gd - Xa Mat cd mot tiem nang Idn vl cac loai lam san ngoai go (NTFP - Non Timber Forest Product) nhu cay thudc, may, tre, ca, va ngudi dan d day da khai thac tan dung ngudn Igi tir rung Ban quan ly Vudn Quoc gia ciing khdng rigan can viec khai thac cay thudc dl tao ngudn Igi cho dan cu dia phuong Ngudi dan van danh bdt ca d nhiing doan sdng suoi ben ngoai khu bao ve nghiem ngat Tuy nhien hien nhilu ngudi dan danh ca bang xung dien lam suy giam nghiem trgng ngudn Igi thiiy san NQhien ahi Phat then ben vCrnQ so (26) - ThanQ 3/2010 Nguyen Tan Dan, L^i Tung Quan - Ho^t dpng san xuat va sinh song Cac loai san pham khai thac tir virdn Quoc gia S Hai thudc S Lay mang m San thu M Danh ca • Khai thac g5 Tan Binh Hda Hiep Tan Lip Thanh Tay a Khac Nguon: So lieu dieu tra khao sat nam 2006 Nhin vao bieu ta thay, d khu vuc xa Tan Binh, ngudi dan vao rung khai thac cac san pham nhu: cay thudc, mang, danh bat ca chilm ty te tren 20% Hien cd khoang 28 % dan sd cd the khdng cdn dat canh tac hoac giam thu nhap khdng cdn dugc tu vao rung khai thac hay khdng cdn dien tich de chan tha (sd lieu dieu tra 2006) Xa Hda Hiep trudc thudc lam trudng Hda Hiep Nam 1997, lam trudng Hda Hiep va Tan Binh dugc sat nhap vao Du an rimg dac dung lich su Ld Gd - Xa Mat vdi dien tich liic dd la 16.754 Tu nam 2002, Vudn Qudc gia Ld Gd - Xa Mat dugc lap vdi dien tich md rdng 18.806 17 % hd dan canh tac gan rung da quy hoach vao Vudn Qudc gia va khdng cdn dugc canh tac niia Cd 21% sd hd d day cho rdng ngudn sinh ke ciia hg da bi anh hudng khdng cdn dugc khai thac san pham rung nhu trudc (sd lieu dieu tra 2006) Ngheo ddi vi thieu dat canh tac da dan den viec Ian chiem dat rimg dl canh tac ndng nghiep Rieng xa Hda Hiep la mot diem ndng ve khai thac lam san Nhdm ngudi Khmer la nhdm ngudi thudng xuyen di vao rimg khai thac gd, san thii rimg, lay mang, lay nam va lay cay thudc Trong dd, nhdm ngudi Kinh lai cd xu hudng Ian chilm dat rimg de canh tac ndng nghiep Ngoai ra, mot sd ngudi khai thac cay mai rimg lam cay canh hoac ban cho nhiing ngudi chuyen trdng cay canh NQhien ciru Phit then ben vCrnQ so (26) - ThanQ 3/2010 Tai khu vuc xa Tan Lap, viec khai thac tai nguyen rirng chu yeu la lay mang, danh ca, idy cay thudc (chiem ty le tren 10%), cdn lai la san bdt thii, khai thac gd va cac loai lam san khac Do ngudi dan d gan ciia khau Xa Mat, cd dilu kien budn ban, ddi sdng kinh te on dinh, nen ngudi dan sdng it phai phu thudc vao riing ban Tai xa Thanh Tay, ngudi dan khai thac tu rimg cac loai san pham chinh la: cay thudc, mang va san thii, vdi ty le hg tham gia khai thac la rdt cao Kit qua dieu tra cho thay, cd khoang 34% ngudi dan cho bilt la viec lap Vudn Quoc gia da lam cho cudc sdng ciia hg gap khd khan; 64%) cho rang hg khdng cdn dugc khai thac cac san pham rung nhu trudc Nhu vay, hien van cdn mot bd phan dang kl ngudi dan ciia xa viing dem Vudn Qudc gia Ld Gd - Xa Mat sdng phu thudc vao tai nguyen rung cua Vudn Ngudn tai nguyen khai thac chii ylu la mang, cay thudc, san bdt ddng vat va khai thac gd Ngoai ra, cd mot so ngudi Campuchia sang khai thac tai nguyen rung ciing gay nhiing tac ddng mdi trudng len Vudn Quoc gia Do dd, dl khai thac tai nguyen lam san ngoai gd mot each hgp ly, bao tdn da dang sinh hgc va bao ve tai nguyen, mdi trudng ciia Vudn Quoc gia ndi chung, can cd nhung each thiic quan ly phu hgp va hieu qua ban NguySn Tan Dan, L^i Tung Quan - Hoat dong san xuat va sinh song i n TAC DONG CUA HOAT DONG SAN X U A T V A SINH SONG CUA NGUCJI DAN VUNG DEM DEN Vl/6fN QUOC GIA LO GO-XA MAT Vdi 27.000 ngudi dan sdng viing dem Vudn Qudc gia, nai cd dia hinh bang phdng va cd nhieu dudng mdn dan vao rimg, nen khu vuc dugc coi la nai tiem an "nguy co" rdt Idn gay tac ddng tdi tai nguyen da dang sinh hgc ciia Vudn Theo sd lieu khao sat nam 2006 ciia Vien Sinh hgc Nhiet ddi, cd tdi 49% ngudi dan cac xa cd thu nhap bi anh hudng sau lap Vudn Qudc gia (do khdng cdn tu idn chilm dat dai va khai thac san phdm rimg nhu trudc kia) De dn dinh ddi sdng cho ngudi dan sau lap Vudn Qudc gia, da cd mot sd chuang trinh phat trien kinh te ciia dia phuong nham giam tac ddng tdi rung, nhung da sd nhung chuang trinh dd cho tdi van chua thuc sir mang lai hieu qua nhu mong dgi Mot sd hg khdng cd nghe nghiep, khdng cd ddt dai va dd khdng cd sir lira chgn nao khac danh quay lai khai thac san pham rung Ban quan ly Vudn Qudc gia rat khd khan viec ngan chan tinh trang xam pham vao tai nguyen ciia rung Cdc hinh thCrc khai thac tcic dpng dSn V i f d r i Q u o c gia Khai thSc gS 3% ,P Nguon: So lieu khao sat dieu tra nam 2006 - Tdc dong chan thd gia sue: tdng dan trau, bd ciia cac xa thudc vung dem Vudn Qudc gia la 2.354 (2006), chu yeu dugc chan tha dua vao ngudn thuc an tu nhien tu cac bai dat trdng, nhiing trang cd ven rung va vung dat ngap nudc Vudn qudc gia Da cd nhieu cd gang ngan can viec chan tha trau bd vao Vudn nhung dudng nhu tinh trang khdng giam vi day tap quan chan nudi ciia ndng dan vung Trong ke hoach su dung ddt ciia dia phuong ciing khdng quy hoach viing chan tha rieng Vao mua khd, ngudi dan Campuchia hay ddt cd khd d khu vuc gdn ke va ca d Vudn qudc gia de kich thich cd non mau len cho bd an, tac ddng rdt nguy hiem den viec phdng chdng chay rung - Tdc dong chieh xung dien vd diing chdt nd de bdt ed: a tat ca cac xa vung dem deu cd ngudi dan vao cac sudi, trang hay sdng Vam Cd de danh bat ca, vdi nhieu hinh thiic khai thac, danh bat nhu: tha ludi, cau, ddng day, tham chi ca danh bat bang thudc nd va chich xung dien Cac hinh thuc danh bat bang thudc nd va chich xung dien la hinh thiic khai thac hiiy diet, gay tac hai rdt nghiem trgng tdi mdi trudng sdng cua loai thuy sinh vat, lam giam di so lugng va tinh da dang cua cac loai thiiy sinh vung (Vi su dung chat nd hay dung xung dien lam chit hang loat cac loai ca va thuy sinh vat doan sdng, sudi danh bat, nhung ngudi danh bdt chii ylu bdt nhiing loai ca Idn mang lai Igi ich kinh tl, cac loai ca nhd va thuy sinh vat khac ciing bi hiiy diet nhieu tren cac sdng, sudi) N I U cu tilp tuc danh bdt nhu vay, mot sd loai ca va thiiy sinh vat cd ich cho mdi trudng se biln mdt tao dilu kien cho cac loai E NQhien cu-u Phat then ben viTnQ so (26) - ThanQ 3/2010 NguySn Tan Dan, Lai Tung Quan - Hoat dong san xuat va sinh song thiiy sinh vat khdng cd ich phat triln lam bien ddi he sinh thai khu vuc - Tdc dong sdn, bdt dong vdt hoang dd trdi phep: hien tinh trang san bdt, ddng vat van dien tai mdt sd khu vuc thudc cac xa Tan Binh, Hda Hiep va Tan Lap Phuong tien de bat thii-tai day chii yeu la su dung bay cac loai Nam 2006, Hat Kiem lam Vudn Qudc gia Ld Gd - Xa Mat da bat giir 16 vu san, bay ddng vat hoang da trai phep (chiem 32,6% tdng nhirng vu vi pham hanh chinh ve quan ly va bao ve rung), thu giii ludi bat chim, 1.057 can bay cac loai, xu ly va tha ve rirng 204 bg cap, 17 chim cu va hang chuc ddng vat tu nhien khac nhu: cu li, ran, rua, chdn, ky da, Sd lugng cac phuong tien san bat cdn rat Idn cho thay tinh trang san, bat ddng vat hoang da trai phep dien kha nghiem trgng d khu vuc Nam 2005, Hat kiem lam Vudn Qudc gia cdn tiep nhan tir Chi cue kiem lam Tay Ninh 175,4 kg ran cac loai, 257,5 kg nia cac loai, 7,6 kg tran, 162 kg tnic, 125 va 14 le le de tha ve rung Sd lugng ddng vat hoang da chii yeu tir Campuchia dua sang Nhung ciing cd the mdt phan sd dd da dugc bay, bat tir Vudn Qudc gia Ld Gd - Xa Mat Nguyen nhan dan den trinh trang tren chii yeu la do: - Rung Ld Gd - Xa Mat de tiep can, ngudi dan sdng sat rimg; - Luc lugng kiem lam va bao ve cua Vudn Qudc gia cdn it; - Viec san bat ddng vat hoang da mang lai ngudn Igi Idn cho ngudi san bat trai phep; - Hinh thiic va miic xu phat ddi vdi nhung ngudi san bat trai phep cdn nhe, chua dii ran de, ngan chan - Ddi sdng ngudi dan cdn khd khan, nhieu hd phai sdng dua vao rung de muu sinh Ap Tan Nam thudc xa Tan Binh la khu vuc cd nhieu ngudi dan hay vao rung dat bay thii thdi quen muu sinh trudc day, mac dii hien nhieu ngudi da cd dat de canh tac NQhien ciru Phat then ben vurnQ so (26) - ThanQ 3/2010 ndng nghiep Vao mua khd, rung chi cdn sdt lai nhirng viing nudc nhd, thii thudng tu tap d day de udng nudc Lgi dung dieu ngudi dan da bd thudc vao day de thii den udng nudc se bi ngd ddc de bdt Ciing vao mua khd, mdt sd ngudi dan thudng ddt cd de cho cd non len cho bd an va ciing la de bat thii an nap dudi tang cd nay, chii yeu la ran va cac loai bd sat Khu vuc thudng bi tac ddng ciia cac boat ddng la nhiing trang cd va rimg gan bien gidi - Tdc dong khai thac Idm sdn ngodi go: cac hoat ddng khai thac lam san ngoai gd hien van dien kha phd bien tai Vudn Qudc gia Nguyen nhan chinh la dia ban rdng khd kiem soat, dia ban rimg nam gan ke khu dan cu lai cd nhieu Idi mdn vao rung, dien tich rimg tre mia kha Idn Mang, may, cd tranh, cay thudc, nam, gui la cac san pham phi gd, neu dugc quan ly tdt se tao ngudn thu cho ngudi dan dia phuong ma van dam bao nhiing gia tri da dang sinh hgc cua rimg Vudn Qudc gia Ld Gd - Xa Mat cd tiem nang Idn ve cac loai cay thudc, dd cd nhieu loai cay thudc quy Ngudi dan dia phuong tu lau da biet tan dung ngudn lgi Tuy nhien, viec khai thac cay thudc chua dugc danh gia diing tac ddng cua nd va chua dugc kiem soat chat che Hon niia, mdt sd ngudi vao rimg khdng chi de hai thudc ma hg cdn lgi dung dat bay san bat ddng vat hoang da - Tdc dong khai thde go, ddo cdy hoa mai Tinh trang khai thac gd trai phep van dien chii yeu la nhiing cay gd tai sinh, nhiing cay go nhd Nhirng diem ndng ve khai thac lam san la d khu vuc xa Hda Hiep va Tan Lap Dien tich rung bi khai thac d day gom ca d rirng tu nhien va khu vuc rung chinh quyen dia phuong quan ly Khu vuc thudng bi tac ddng la tieu khu 17, 18, 20, 21, 25 Hang nam, tai cac khu vuc da phat hien hang chuc vu khai thac trai phep gd va cac loai lam san khac Do dia ban cdn qua rdng va de di lai, ddi sdng ciia ngudi dan cdn khd khan, viec khai NguySn Tan Dan, Lai Tung Quan - Hoat dgng san xuat va sinh song thac gd cd lgi nhuan Idn nen nhieu ngudi vdn bdt chdp luat phap de vao rimg khai thac D I giai quylt tinh trang nay, ben canh viec tuyen truyen, cac dja phuong can cd nhiing chuong trinh xda ddi giam ngheo lam cho ngudi dan khdng cdn phai sdng le thudc vao rimg Ngoai ra, vao nhiing dip tet nguyen dan, nhieu ngudi dan d cac xa vung dem cdn tim each dao cay mai rimg va cac loai cay canh Vudn Qudc gia Ld Gd - Xa Mat de ban CJ day cd rat nhieu gdc mai va cay canh dep cd gia tri kinh te va gia tri da dang sinh hgc cao Viec giii gin cac loai cay canh khdng nhung cd y nghia bao tdn da dang sinh hgc ma nd cdn giiip cho viec nghien ciin khoa hgc va thu hiit khach tham quan, du lich tdi cac khu rimg - Tdc dong Idn chiem ddt rimg de canh tdc nong nghiep Tinh trang Ian chiem dat rung cdn dien kha phd bien d khu vuc xa Hda Hiep va Tan Lap ranh gidi phan chia cdn chua rd rang Vudn Qudc gia dang gap mdt sd khd khan viec di chuyen mdt sd hd dan cd dat canh tac nam ben dia gidi quan ly cua vudn Hg da canh tac tai day tu rat lau (trudc lap Vudn Qudc gia) va thudng xuyen Ian chiem rung de md rdng dien tich canh tac Mdt sd hd da dugc den bu di chuyen khdi Vudn Qudc gia nhung hg da tu y quay lai canh tac trai phep - Tdc dong ehdy rirng: Vudn Qudc gia Ld Gd - Xa Mat la rung ban khd ban vdi nhieu trang cd nen vao mua khd rat de xay chay rung tren dien rdng Nguyen nhan chii yeu la ngudi dan ddt cd de lay cd non tao nguon thiic an cho bd, ddt cay bui cd de bat thii, bd sat, hoac tham chi la nhirng hanh ddng pha hoai ddt rung de tra thu ciia nhiing ngudi budn lau, san bat thii trai phep bi kiem lam bat giii Trong mua khd 20042005, tren dia ban ciia Vudn Qudc gia da xay vu chay vdi dien tich 69,3 ha, dd 23 trang cd, 1,8 rung trdng, 42 rung khdp non va 2,5 rung non ^ IV KET LUAN Vudn Qudc gia Ld Gd - Xa Mat cd dien tich khdng Idn, nhung cd rat nhieu diem khac biet so vdi cac khu rung khac he thdng rung Ddng Nam Bd Cac dan lieu ve tinh da dang sinh hgc ciia he sinh thai d Vudn Qudc gia hien chua dugc thdng ke, tdng hgp mdt each day dil Song, d day cd tiem nang to Idn ve ngudn gen, ve tai nguyen va canh quan thien nhien rat phong phii, da dang Cach khai thac ngudn tai nguyen lam san ciia ngudi dan vung dem hien nhu lay mang, hai thudc, khai thac gd, san bat trai phep ddng vat hoang da, danh bat ca bang chat nd hay xung dien, khai thac, Ian chiem dat rimg de canh tac ndng nghiep, da va dang gay nhiing tac ddng xau anh hudng tdi cac ngudn tai nguyen, da dang sinh hgc va mdi trudng ciia Vudn Qudc gia Ngoai ra, viec ddt nhiing trang cd khd de san bat ddng vat, de chan tha gia siic ciia ngudi dan viing dem ciing tao nguy ca chay rung rat Idn lam anh hudng tdi viec bao ve Vudn Qudc gia Ld Gd - Xa Mat Do vay, de bao ve Vudn Qudc gia Ld Gd - Xa Mat, can cd nhiing bien phap manh va ddng bd ban nham gin giii va khai thac hgp ly, hieu qua cac ngudn tai nguyen thien nhien da dang, phong phii va cd gia tri tren nhieu mat ciia Vudn Qudc gia nay./ TAI LIEU THAM KHAO: Bao cao kinh tl - xa hoi (2005, 2006) ciia UBND cac xa Tan Binh, Hoa Hiep, Tan Lap, Thanh Tay, huyen Tan Bien, tinh Tay Ninh Hat Kilm lam Vuon Quoc gia L6 Go - Xa Mat: Bao cao tinh hinh quan ly rimg ciia Vuon Qu6c gia L6 G o - X a Mat 2004, 2005 Luu H6ng_^Truong: Tai lieu tap hudn Tai nguyen lam san ngoai go, 2007 Vien Sinh hoe Nhiet dai - Vuon qu6c gia L6 Go -Xa Mat: Dilu tra danh gia hien trang diln biln tai nguyen dong thue vat Vudn Qu6e gia L6 G6-Xa Mat, 2005-2007 NQhien ciru Phat trien ben vuriQ so (26) - ThanQ 3/2010 ... Mat khac xa Hda Hiep la mot xa nhat cd dien tich dat lam nghiep; dd cd 67 rung tu nhien xa quan ly va 58 rung trdng Vudn Qudc gia quan ly Hien nay, tren 58 rung trdng, Vudn Qudc gia da giao cho... ddc dao rieng ciia Vudn Qudc gia Ld Gd - Xa Mat Ben canh dd, he sinh thai dat ngap nudc ciia Vudn Qudc gia Ld Gd - Xa Mat ciing cd nhiing dac diem rieng nhu: cd he sinh thai dat ngap nudc theo... 20.000 tan/ngay, tao cdng an viec lam dn dinh cho ngudi dan dia phuong Trong xa nam vung dem Vudn Qudc gia thi xa Thanh Tay la xa cd kinh tl phat trien nhat, vdi miic thu nhap binh quan dau ngudi