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MOI TRaONG KINH TE XA HOI TAI DIA PHLfONG VA TAG DONG CUA NO DEN OAC DIEM TAM LY HO GIA DINH NONG DAN TRONG HOAT DONG SAN XUAT KINH DOANH Nghien cCru dLfOc tai trg bdi Quy Phat trien Khoa hoc va Cong nghe Qu6c gia (NAFOSTED) de tai: Chan dung tarn ly ho gia dinh nong dan hien nay: Nghien cCru so sanh ho san xuat kha gidi va ho yeu kern; Ma so VII 1-2013.23; PGS.TS Le Thj Thanh Hi;ong lam chu nhiem PGS.TS Le Thj Thanh Hirong Vien Tdm ly hoc T O M TAT Nghien cini tdc dong cua mot (ruang kinh le - xa hoi tai dia phuong den dac diem tam ly ho nong dan cho ihdy, Igi nhieu vung nong ihon, chinh quyen va/hoac cdc to chifc xd hoi dd to chuc nhieu hogt dong khdc nhdm ho Ira cdc ho nong dan phat trien kinh le Ben canh do, nong dan cung khd thuang xnyen chia se kinh nghiem sdn xuat kinh doanh vai NhUng hogt dong c6 tdc dong khdc den nhung ddc diem tdm ly cua ngmh nong ddn thuoc nhung ho co thu nhdp khdc tu hoat dong phat trien kinh te ho Tu" khoa: Chdn dung tdm ly ho gia dinh nong dan; Nong ddn; Hogt dong sdn xuat kinh doanh cua ho nong ddn Ngdy nhdn bdi 23/3/2017; Ngay duyel dang bdi: 25/5/2017 ABSTRACT Study on impact of socio-economic environment on psychological characteristics oj peasants' households in rural areas indicated that m many rural areas, local government or social organizations have organized many activities to support peasant households to develop their economy Peasants also often shared their experiences of producing and doing business with each other Those activities had different impacts on psychology of households whose incomes were different Key words: Psychological portraits of peasant households Peasants Production and business activities of peasant households TAP CHI TAM LY HOC, So (219), - 2017 Tac dong cua moi tniong song, dac biet la nhOng moi tnrong gan gui nhu gia dinh, nha tniong, nhom ban, lang, xa dSn doi s6ng tam ly cua nguoi va iioat dong s6ng ciia ho da dugc nhi^u nghien cuu khang dmh Chang han, nghien cOtu cua mot so can bo Vien Tam ly hoc (Le Thj Thanh Huong, 2015) cho thay, moi truong xa hoi tai cac dia ban nong thon, ma cu the la so lugng cac loai boat dong cong dong dugc to chiic tai dja phuong va chat lirgng ciia cac moi quan he ngudi c6 tac dong den mot so hien tugng tam ly cua ngucri nong dan nhir thai e ngai ciia ho ve nhung hien tugng tieu cue c6 the xay dia phirong trien khai de an xay dung nong thon moi, hanh dong tham gia xay dung nong thon moi va y thuc hop tac ciia ho voi chinh quyen xay dung va phat trien que huong Trong nghien cuu nay, ban den moi truong kinh te - xa hoi a dja phuong, chiing toi quan tam den hai khia canh: Thu nhat, nhijng hoat dong cua chinh quyen va cac to chuc xa hoi tai dia phuong nham thiic day va ho trg cac ho nong dan phat trien kinh te; Thu hai, phong trao phat trien kinh te tai dia phuong, the hien qua so lugng cac ho phat trien kinh te gia dinh c6 ket qua t6t va su chia se kinh nghiem san xuat kinh doanh giua ho Khach the va phu'ong phap nghien ciru Miu nghien cuu gom 187 nong dan la nhOng nguoi dieu hanh hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh ciia ho gia dinh NhOng nguoi vira tra loi philu hoi, vira tham gia phong van sau Trong phieu hoi nhung cau hoi lien quan den moi truong kinh ti - xa hoi tai dja phuong la nhung cau hoi dong, c6 hai hoac ba phuong an tra loi khach the dugc yeu cau chgn mot s6 cac phuong an phu hop vol danh gia cua ho ve noi dung dugc hoi Trong nghien ciru c6 yiu t6 thupc moi truong kinh ti - xa hoi tai dia phuong dugc quan tam tim hidu, g6m: 1/ NhOng hoat dong cua chinh quyln va cac to chuc xa hoi tai dia phuong nhSm thuc diy, hi trg cac ho nong dan phat trien kinh te; 2/ So ho nong dan san \uk kinh doanh t6t; 3/ Muc chia se kinh nghiem san xuat kinh doanh giua cac ho nong dan Voi hoat dong ciia chinh quyen va cac to chirc \a hoi, c6 loai hoat dong da dugc lict ke sin bang hoi, nguoi tra liri duoc yeu cau danh dju tk ca nhung hoat dong ma chinh quyen nor hg cu tru da thuc hien Voi hai xfiu t6 lai, khach thS nghien ciru duoc yeu cau chgn phuong an tra Icri: 1/ HJu h6t cac ho; 2/ Kha nhiiu ho; 3/ Chi mot so hg danh gia so hg nong dan tai dja phuong san xuk kinh doanh gioi hoac 1/ Thucmg xuycn; 2/ Thinh thoang; 3/ Khong bao gio danh gia vS muc dg chia se kmh nghrcm san xuat kinh doanh giua cac hg nong dan voi Chan dung tam ly cua hg nong dan dugc khao sat thong qua mot s6 dac diem nhan each, phong each dieu hanh cua nguoi diSu hanh hoat dong san xu5l TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, So (219), - 2017 kinh doanh cua ho, m6t s6 dac diim tuong tac giua ngiiai dieu hanh va cac vien lao dong cda gia dinh D6 xac dinh cac dac dijm nay, cac thang phU hgp voi timg dac di6m da dugc xay dung (xem them Le Thj Thanh Huong, 2015b, 2016 va Pham Minh Thu, 2016) De danh gia tac d6ng ciia cac yeu to thugc moi truong kinh te - xa hoi tai dia phuong dSn cac dac diSm Ibi hien chan dung tam ly ho gia dinh nong dan, phep phan tich tuong quan, phan tich h6i quy da dugc su dung Ngoai ra, ham LglO dugc diing voi muc dich chuyen tat ca cac biSn ve cung mot thang danh gia Khao sat dugc thuc hien vao thang - nam 2015 tai tinh gom; Ninh Binh, Nam Binh, Thai Binh, B& Tre va Tra Vinh IVlSi tinh chgn xa tham gia vao nghien ciru Cac xa dugc chgn theo ggi y cua chinh quyin xa dira tren cac tieu chi lien quan den hieu qua phat trien kinh te ma nhung nguoi nghien ciiu dua Ket qua nghien ciru 2.1 Nhurng hogt dgng cua chinh quyen va cdc to chu-c xa hoi tai dia phirffng nhSm thuc dSy, ho tra cdc ho nong ddn phat trien kinh te Bang I: Nhung hoat dong ciia chinh quyen va cdc to chuc xd hoi tai dia phuong nhdm thuc day, ho tro cdc ho nong ddn phat trien kinh te % tren so cau tra loi "c6" % tren so ngiroi tra loi "c6" Co hoat dong tuyen truyen nham thuc day cac ho nong dan phat trien kinh te 25,4 85,1 To chu'c cac chuyen tham quan, trao doi vai cac ho lam nong nghiep gioi a tai dia ban hoac cac dia phuang khac 14.2 47,6 Chu dau tir cai tao hoac phat trien ca so tang phuc vu san xuat nong nghiep 15,8 53,0 Thiic day hoat dong ciia cac bo phan ho trg nong dan lam nong nghiep (nhir to cay giong, to thiiy Igi, to phong trir benh cho cay trong, vat nuoi-,.) 13,0 43,5 Ket noi nong dan voi cac nha khoa hoc, to chuc cac lop tap huan ve ky thuat trot, chan nuoi tien tien 17,4 58,3 Tim each ket noi nong dan voi cac doanh nghiep hoac cac nha dau tu 3,9 13,1 Tim each ket noi nong dan voi thi tnrong 2,7 8,9 Cac hoat dong TAP CH[ TAM L? HOC, So (219), - 2017 Co nhirng iru dai cu thI cho cac ho n6 lire pliat trien kinh te n6ng nghiep Cac hoat dpng khac T6ne 6,7 22,0 0,9 3,0 100,0 334,5 Mot nhOng nhiem vu quan cua chinh quyen ca so la tuyen truySn, thiic diy cac ho nong dan phat trien kinh te, nham timg bugc nang cao doi s6ng ciia nguoi nong dan va dong gop vao su phat trien kinh te chung ciia ca nuoc Tit ca cac chinh sach ciia Chinh phu hoac cac ca quan chirc nang nham phat trien va tang kha nang canh tranh cua linh vuc kinh te nong nghiep nuoc ta diu dugc trien khai thong qua nhirng hoat dong cii the cua chinh quyen co so de h6 trg cac hg nong dan nhu nhihig don vj kinh te phat trien hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh Trong nhirng nam qua, phong trao xay dung nong thon moi tai nhieu dja phuong ca nuoc dugc trien khai vgi nhieu hoat dong cung huong den nhirng muc tieu Ket qua khao sat cho thiiy, hoat dong ciia chinh quyen dugc nhieu nguoi nhan thay nhat la tuyen truyen de nguoi nong dan hieu dugc bdi canh phat trien, nhu-ng co hoi, thach thirc co the den, nhung tuu da dat dugc, nhirng han che ton tai, nhirng ke hoach va muc tieu phat trijn cu thI cua dia pliuong, nhiJng chii truong va ho trg cua Nha nude nhSm thuc dly ho CO tam the va dong lire phjn d§u phat triln kinh ii (85,1% s6 nguoi ghi nhan) Ciing voi cac hoat dong tuyen truyen chinh quyen va cac t6 chirc xa hoi tai dia phuong trien khai nhieu hoat dpng khac nhjm cung cjp cho nguiri nong dan nhirng tri thirc cu thi va tao di6u kien thuan Igi de hg thuc hien dugc nhirng muc tieu phat trian kinh tl cua gia dinh Do la nhung hoat dong; Kit ndi nong dan voi cac nha khoa hgc, voi hinh thirc phi bidn va dl thuc hien nhit la to chirc cac lop tap huSn vj ky thuat trijng trgt, chan nuoi tien tiln (58,3% s6 ngucri ghi nhan); Td chirc cac chuyan tham quan hoac cac cugc trao dm, chia se kmh nghiem giira cac hg lam nong nghiep gioi cua dia phuong hoac ciia cac dia ban khac (47,6%); Thiic dSy hoat dong cua cac bg phan h6 trg nong dan lam nong nghiep (nhu to cay giSng, t6 thuy Igi, t6 phong trir banh cho cay trong, vat nuoi - 43,5%); Thuc hian nhirng uu dai cu tha cho cac ho gia dinh no luc phat trian kinh te nong nghiep (22,0%) va chu diu tu cai tao hoac phat tnan co sir tang (nhu thdng cac ducmg lian xa, lien thon, xom va duong ngi dong nham tao diau kian cho cac hoat dong san xuk, thu hoach va nau thu nong san - 53,0%) Tinh trung binh, moi dia phuong miu nghien ciru to chuc loai hoat dgng nham ho tro cac hg nong dan phat trian kinh 16 Nghian ciru thuc dja TAPCHI TAM LV HOC, SO'6 (219), 6-2017 cho thjy, nhOng boat dong neu tren dugc triSn khai kha ph5 bidn d nhieu viing nong thon, khong chi chinh quySn hoSc cac t6 chiic xa hoi t6 chirc, ma ca nhimg hg nflng dSn kinh doanh cac mat hang phuc vu san xuatnong nghiep ciing CO j thiic thuc hien nhung hoat dpng nhu la mot each hS trg cho hoat dOng kinh doanh ciia minh Song, tren thirc t6, vi nhiSu li^ khac nhau, CO nhOng ban cb8 ciia cong tac thong tin va t6 chiic trien khai nen khong pbai nguW nong dSn n4o cQng bi6t dugc vh nbihig boat dong Chang ban, ca nong dSn vh can bg bg may chinh quyfin co so deu hieu ro vai tro quan trgng cua viec ap dung cac tiru khoa hgc, c6ng nghe yiec nang cao bieu qua pbat trijn kinh t6 nSn boat dpng t6 chiic cac Idp tap huan v6 ky thuat trpt, chan nuoi tien tien cho nong dan da dugc nhiSu dja phuong thuc hien va dugc nong dan hufaig irng nhiet tinh Song, ca hoi tham gia cua nguoi nong dan vao c4c cupc tap huin nhu vay a mSi nai moi khac Co nai thi tfit ca nbOng hg nao quan tam deu co the tham gia nhung ciing co nhttag nai thi ngu&i to chiirc gui giiy moi ddn cac bg va khong phai tat ck cao hp deu co giay mM Ngoai ra, cung co thi viae thong tin chua rgng khSp nen co nhirng h6 o xa khong nam ro ke hoach tridn khai nen khong the tham gia Kit qua thu dugc cbo tbiy, mac dii cac can bp co so o tit ca 10 xa dugc khao sat deu to chiic cac boat dgng hay cac boEit dgng khac nhung 9/10 xa deu co m6t ty le nhat dinh nong dan bao cao rang hg khong biet bat cii hoat dgng nao chinh quyen va cac to chiic xa hoi to chirc ma nhom nghien cini liet ke) Ro rang, ton tai mot Men tugng bien la cimg tai mot dia ban, co nhOng nong dan tiep can dugc nhieu thong tin tuyen truydn hoac co the dugc huong thu ket qua ma cac boat dgng chinh quyen ca so hay cac doan thg xa hoi to chiirc dem lai, song cung co nhirng hp nong dan khong nam dugc thong tin hoac khong dugc thu huong nhieu nhirng Igi ich nhu vay Co le vi vay ma ciing mot dia ban (o 9/10 xa dugc khao sat), co nhOng hg nong dan khong ghi nhan boat dgng nao cua chinh quyen co so, nhung ciing c6 nbumg b6 nong dan lai ghi nhan ca loai boat dpng dugc liet ke Nhin chung, chi co bon mot niia so nguoi dugc boi ghi nhan chinh quyen dja phuong va cac t6 chiic xa hoi co to chirc boat dpng tap huan kiSn tbilc trpt, chan nuoi cho ba Nhung ban che nhu vay viec tuyen truyen va trien khai cac boat dflng, rat cin dugc khac phuc nbSm nang cao ban nila hieu qua ciia cac boat dpng ma chinh quySn CO so hoac cac to chiic xa hoi thuc hien tai dia phuong Cau hoi dat la cac boat dgng ma chinh quyln co so va cac t8 chiic xa hoi tai dia phuong to chiic nham b6 trg cac hg nong dan phat triSn kinh te (dugc nguoi nong dan ghi nhan) co tac dgng nhu the nao den chan dung tam ly cua bg gia dinh nong dan? TAP CHI TAM Lf HOC, S6 (219), - 2017 Bang 2: He s6 tuong quan vd hdi quy bgc nhdt giua hoat dong ho tro ciia chinh quyin, cdc td chirc xd hoi vd cdc dac diim the Men chdn dung tdm ly ho gia dinh nong ddn hoat dong sdn xuat kinh doanh Cac dac aiim t h i hien chan dung ngiroi dieu hanh hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh cua ho gia dinh nong dan Hoat dgng ho tro cua chinh quyen, to chuc xd hoi Hogt dpng ho tro ciia chinh quyen, to chuc xd hoi Tam nhin cua ngucri dieu hanh Doi moi cua ngiroi dieu hanh No luc cua ngiroi dieu hanh Ke hoach ciia ngiroi dieu hanh T 0,267** 0,042 0,256** -0,188* r' 0,071** 0,065** 0,035* Phong each lanh dao bien chuyen Phong each lanh dao chi huY Phong each lanh dao ac cam - thff a r 0,261* -0,031 -0,029 -' 0,069* Cac dac diem the hien su tuffug tac giua cac vien gia dinh hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh Hogt diing hi) Iro ciia chinh quyen, id chirc xd hoi r Hap tac chung Tuan thu cua vien Khong tuan thu cua vien Phoi hgp hoat dong 0.091 0,145 0.089 0.323** r' Ghi chi'i: * l 0,05) Noi each khac, ket qua hoat dpng san xuat kinh doanh ciia cac hp nong dan, ve co ban, van chinh nhung nguoi nong dan tu xoay x6, tu quyel djnh 1'uy nhien, hoat dong ciia chinh quyen va cac to chirc xa hoi co tac dpng khac den nhirng nhom hp gia dinh co thu nhap binh quan lao dpng khac TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, SO (219), - 2017 Nhin chung, nhOng boat dgng co tac dpng nhiju bon den nhimg bg co thu nhap binh quan/lao dgng thip so voi nhirng bp co thu nhap binh quan/lao dgng cao Ching ban, boat dgng cua chinh quySn va cac t6 chirc xa hoi chi co tac dpiig dan mot dac diam nhit dinh nao thi bien chan dung tam ly cua nguoi dieu hanh kinh tl cua nhihig hg nong dan thupc nhom hoac xet theo thu nhap bmb quan/lao dpng va khong co tac dpng gi din thu nhap binh quan/lao dpng a nhOng hp nhung d6i voi nbiJng hg thupc nhom hoac nhom thi boat dpng cua chinh quySn va cac to chirc xa hoi lai co thi lam thay doi d6n dac diam tam ly, tham chi, d6i vai nhiing hg thugc nhom 1, tire nhom co thu nhap binh quan lao dgng thip nhit thi nhirng boat dgng co tha cai thien thu nhap cho ho Nhihig thay doi hoat dgng co thi giai diich cho khoang 18,2% nhimg thay d6i thu nhap binh quan/lao dgng o nbiJng hg thugc nhom (r = 0,455; p < 0,01; r' hieu chinh = 0,182; p < 0,001) Tir nhiing ket qua co tha thiy rang, hoat dgng ciia chinh quyen va cac to chirc xa hoi chii yau moi huong den nhung hg nong dan lam an kern hieu qua, chua dii sire bo trg va thuc day hon niia nhirng hp da co ket qua phat trien kinh ta tot Theo chiing toi, day la mot han che ciia thuc trang hian Voi each thuc va djnh huong trian khai cac boat dgng nhu vay thi se rat kho tao nhimg thay doi sau sac va nhanh chong ITnh vuc san xuat kinh doanh nong nghiep, day la mot dieu co y nghTa song cua nen nong nghiep nuoc ta boi canh thcri diam co hieu luc cua cac hiep dinh thuong mai quoc te ma Viet Nam tham gia ky ket da den rat gan 2.2 Phong trao phat trien kinh te tai dia phuong Chan dung tam ly ciia cac hg nong dan phat trien kinh te gia dinh va ket qua phat trien kinh ta ciia hg, mot mire dp nao do, se chju sir chi phoi ciia phong trap phat trian kinh te tai dja phuong Nau dja phuong co nhieu ho ciing phat trian kinh ta co hiau qua va cac hg thucmg xuyan trao doi kinh nghiem voi thi tam ly cua nguoi nong dan se de co nhirng thay doi va nhOng tuong tac xa hoi de tao o hg tam tha dua lam an da tang thu nhap Voi cau hoi: "Khi cdc loai cay nhu dira, chanh, buai thi chi co phdi dl hoc hoi kinh nghiem hay minh tu nghi md lam?", mot ntt nong dan (55 luoi, Irinh hoc van cap II, trinh dp dao tao trung cip) da tra loi nhu sau; "Xa ciing thinh Ihodng cho tap huan trSng cdc loai cdy an qua Minh di du di biel roi ve lam va riil kinh nghiem ddn Noi chung, xd nguoi dua vai nguoi nen minh cung phdi c6 gdng" Tai 10_xa dugc nghien ciru, xa nao cung t6n tai hien tugng chanh lech giira cac hg va ket qua phat trian kinh ta gia dinh (xet theo thu nhap binh quan/ lao dong nam 2014) mot s6 xa, co den gin 1/3 s6 hg miu nghien ciru CO thu nhap binh quan/lao dgng nam 2014 thugc nhom (tire thu nhap tir triau/lao dgng/thang trij xu6ng) cao hon ly le chung ciia toan miu; co TAP CHI TAM L? HOC SO (219), - 2017 xa khong CO b6 nio tbugc nhom (turc thu nhSp trSn trieu d6ng/lao dOng/ thing) nhung cung co nbthig xa c6 ban 1/5 s6 bo thupc nhom (2 xa thuoc d6ng bang song H6ng) Tim bieu danh gia chu quan cua nguai nong dan, k6t qua khao s4t cho thay c6 48,8% s6 ngudi khang dinh rtog, tai xS bo sinh s n | chi c6 m6t s6 hp lam an phat d?t, 48,9% - co kha nbidu hg va ciing co 2,3% s6 nguoi cbo riing b4u bit cac b6 xS lam an c6 kit qui t6t Ro rang ciing m6t dia bin cu tni, danh gii ciia m5i nguai m§i kbac, song nhin mpt each t6ng quat, danh gia ciia nguiri nong dSn ciing phan anh m6t miic d6 nhat dinh tinh binh th\rc ti khach quan tai dia phuong hp Bang 3: He so tuong quan vd hf s6 hdi quyphdn dnh tdc dong cua phong trao phat trien Icinh te tai dia phuong den mot so dac diem chdn dung tdm ly ciia ho gia dinh nong ddn Cac bien ph^ thu^c Cac dac diem the hien chan dung tam ly ho nong dan Cac bien tac dong / So ho lam an tot Muc chia si kinh nghiem So hp lam an tot-\-Muc dp chia si kinh nghiem Hilu hh\ canh phat trien Hirdiig toi doi moi No luc Tinh kl hoach r -0,212** -0,017 -0,155* 0,205** r^ 0,039** 0,018* 0,036** -0,049 r -0,305** -0,326** -0,230** r^ 0,088*** -0,101*** 0,047** H 0,111*** Phong each lanh dao bi^n chuyen Khdng tuan thu -0,120 -0,219 -0,304** -0,238* 0,080** 0,044* Tdc dong cua bien khong coy nghTa thong ke Ghi chu: ": p < 0,05; **: p < 0,01 vd ***: khip < 0,001; r - He so tuong quan pearson, r^ - He so hoi quy hieu chinh Voi bien "So ho lam an lot" vd "Mire dg chia se kinh nghiem sdn xudt kinh doanh giira cdc ho ", diem ddnh gid cdng cao thi muc the hien ndi dung ducrc ddnh gid cdng giam Vai cdc bien lai thi cdch ddnh gid theo chieu ngugc lai: diem cdng cao Igi cdng the hien ro Ham LglO dugc sir dung de quy idt cd cdc bien ve ciing mot thang ddnh gid TAP CHf TAM LY HOC, S6' (219), 6-2017 cang theo danh gia cua nguoi dan, phat trien kinh te gia dinh, nguai nong dan thuong chia se kinh nghiem lam an voi (55,2% - so bp khang djnh rang sir chia se diln a mile thuong xuyen, 42,0% - a mile thinh thoang, chi co 2,8% s6 nguai cho ring khong bao gio co sir chia se do) Muc dp chia se kinh nghiem giua cac dja phuong cung khac Co nhirng xa hau bat s6 nong dan (93,8%) dugc boi dau kbjng djnh, nhirng ngudi nong dan tai dja phuong bp thuong xuyen chia se kinh nghiem lam an voi nhau, nhung cung co xa chi CO 22,2% s6 nguoi khing djnh nhu vay Cac s6 lieu thu dugc cho thiy, neu tai dja phuong, cang co nhiau hg dugc ghi nhan la phat trian kinh ti co hieu qua thi mure chia se kinh nghiem san xuit kinh doanh giiJa hg cang thucmg xuyen bon (r = 0,21; p < 0,01) Diau phan anh mot thuc te la tai nhirng dia phucmg co nhiSu hg nong dan dat ket qua tdt phat triSn kinh tl thi tam thi dua nhau, thuang xuyen hgc hoi dl phat triln kinh tl o nguoi nong dan dugc kich hoat manh ban Be tim hilu tac dgng ciia phong trao phat trien kinh te tai dja phuong din chan dung tam ly hg gia dinh nong dan, cac bien sau day da dugc dua vao phan tich; hai biln "Sd hp lam an tit" va "Mite chia se kinh nghiem san xuit kinh doanh giira cac hg" dugc xem la nhirng bian tac dgng va "13 dac dilm dugc nghian ciru the hien chan dung tam ly ngudi dieu hanh kinh ta hp" va "Su tuong tac giOa cac vian lao dpng cua gia dinh" dugc xem la nhirng bian phu thugc Ket qua phan tich tuong quan va hoi quy cho thay, hai khia canh ciia phong trao phat trien kinh te tai dja phucmg dugc nghien cim co tac dgng den chan dung tam ly ciia ngudi diau hanh kinh ta hg nong dan va su tuong tac giira cac vien nhom gia dinh Tuy nhian, no chi tac dgng dan mot so dac diem tam ly va su tac dgng la khong manh Trong hai khia canh dugc nghian cim thi mire chia se kinh nghiem san xuat kinh doanh giira cac hp nong dan la bien CO tac dong manh hon so voi so hg lam kinh te co hieu qua tai dia phuong va ciing tac dgng dan nhieu dac diem tam ly lian quan dan phat trian kinh ta hg cua ngudi nong dan hon Co le so hg lam kinh ta co hieu qua tai dja phuong tac dgng dan nhirng ngudi nong dan viing chi thong qua nhihig quan sat hinh thirc ben ngoai thi mire dp chia sa kinh nghiem san xuat kinh doanh giira cac hg nong dan lai tac dgng qua nhiau kenh, tir nhirng quan sat tri giac true tiep (qua viec den tham quan) din vice cung cip chia se tri thirc, ky nang canh lac, chan nuoi hay kinh doanh Dieu de tao nhirng thay doi chan dung tam ly ciia ngudi nong dan NIU nhu si hg lam kinh tl co hieu qua tai_ dia phuong chi co thi giai thich dugc khoang tir gin 2% din 4% nhirng thay doi hiau biet ciia ngudi nong dan vl bdi canh phat triln va no luc phat trian kinh te cua hg (p < 0.05) thi mire chia se kinh nghiem san xuit kinh 10 TAP CHI'TAM LV HOC, So (219), - 2017 doanh giija cac hp nong dan co thi lam thay d6i khong chi hai dac diem tam ly neu tren, ma ca nhung dac dilm khac nhu tinh thhn huong den doi moi, phong each lanh dao biln chuyin - trao quyIn va tinh khong tuan thii ciia viSn gia dinh d6i voi su dieu h^nh ciia nguoi dung dau, vdi miic giai thich dupe khoang tir hon 4% d^n 10% nhung thay d6i cac dac diem tam ly neu tren cua nguoi nong dan va miic dp tac d6ng manh nhat la den tinh than huong den doi moi, hilu bilt vl boi canh phat trien va phong each lanh dao bien chuyin - trao quyln Nhin chung, dia phuong cang co nhieu ho nong dan lam kinh te co hieu qua, muc dp chia se kinh nghiem giiia cac hp nong dan cang thuong xuyen thi cac bieu hien tam ly cua nguoi nong dan nhu hieu biet ve boi canh phat triln, tinh than huong toi doi moi, miic dp n6 luc san xuat kinh doanh, phong each lanh dao bien chuyin - trao quyen cang thay d6i theo chieu huong tich cue va tinh trang khong tuan thii cua cac vien doi voi nguoi dieu hanh kinh te gia dinh cang giam Duy chi co tac dpng cua thuc trang so hp lam kinh te gioi tai dia phuong den tinh ke hoach ciia nguoi dieu hanh dien theo chieu huong khac So lieu thu dupe cho thay, neu so hp lam kinh te co hieu qua tai dia phuong cang nhieu thi tinh ke hoach ciia nguoi dieu hanh kinh te gia dinh cang giam Su tac dpng trai chieu co the la do, nghien ciru nay, tinh ke hoach ciia nguoi dieu hanh chii yeu dupe danh gia o nhung bieu hien xac dinh muc tieu tir ban dau (chang han, muc lieu dat ban dau co dat dupe khong, huong san xuat kinh doanh cua gia dinh co phai thay doi nhieu Ian khong ), ma it chu y den tinh linh hoat ciia su thay doi ke hoach phat trien kinh te ciia hp gia dinh cho phii htrp voi thi truong De co the hieu sau hon ve chieu huong tac dpng va co dupe nhirng luan giai sat thuc hem, rat can co nhirng nghien cOru tiep theo Tuy nhien, neu so sanh tac dpng ciia phong trao phat trien kinh te tai dia phuong (voi hai noi dung dupe nghien cim) den nhung nhom hp co ket qua phat trien kinh te khac (theo mire thu nhap binh quan/lao dpng nam 2014) thi thay rang, phong trao phat trien kinh tc tai dia phuong tac dpng nhieu hon (tac dpng den nhieu dac diem tam ly ciia nguoi nong dan hon) den nhijng nhom hp CO ket qua phat trien kinh te tot hon Su tac dpng bat dau the hien ro doi voi nhom theo thu nhap binh quan/lao dpng (yeu to chia se kinh nghiem lam an gifia cac hp nong dan) va dac biel ro hon va manh hon doi voi nhung hp thupc nhom va nhom Chang han, su chia se kinh nghiem san xuat kinh doanh giiia cac hp nong dan hau nhu khong co tac dpng gi den nhtmg dac diem tam ly duoc nghien ciiu ciia ngucri nong dan o nhimg hp ihupc nhom (nhom co thu nhap th§p nhat tir trieu dong/lao dpng/lhang Ira xuong) nhung yeu to lai co tac dpng kha manh den dac diem tam ly ciia nguoi dieu hanh kinh te cua nhiing hp Ihupc nhom hoac nhom (co the giai thich dupe khoang tir 25% din 70% nhirng Ihay doi lam iy cua nguoi nong dan liiy \'ao dac diem tam ly nao la biln TAP CHI TAM L? HOC, So (219), - 2017 11 phu thugc) Tit nhimg kit qua nay, co thi thiy ring, nhirng ngudi nong dan lam an CO hieu qua la nhiing ngudi chiu kho hgc hoi va ap dung nhirng dieu bpc dugc, vi vay, sir chia se kinh nghiem ciia nhimg ngudi xung quanh da tac dpng manh din hg, nhung ngudi lam an kem bieu qua khong co dugc dac dilm tam ly Han chi d nhimg ngudi lam an kem hieu qua ed thi mot phin dilu kien ciia bp kho khan nen d mot mire dp nao do, hg cd tam 1^ tu ti va mdi chi tap trung vao viec tim kilm thu nhap trudc mat, song dl ed thi cd hieu qua phat triln kuih ta bg cao hem, thoat dugc khoi tinh trang ngbeo thi khong thi khdng nghi den nhiing each lam mdi Tir nhiing kat qua thu dugc nghian cim nay, co the thay, mudn cai thien nhirng dac diam tam ly hg gia dinh nong dan thi can dae biet quan tam den hai viec sau day; Thir nhat, thuc day manh su chia se kinh nghiem san xuat kinh doanh giira cac hg nong dan; Thir hai, tang cudng va nang cao chit lugng cQng nhu so lugng hoat dgng ciia chinh quyen co so va cac td chirc xa hoi tai dia phucmg nham tao dieu kien cho cac bg nong dan phat triln kinh tl Ngoai ra, cQng can quan tam khac phuc nhirng ban che ton tai boat dgng ma chinh quyan va cac t l chuc xa hoi td chirc nham tao dilu kien thuan Igi cho cac hp nong dan phat trian kinh te cho bg co thi thich irng va canh tranh cd hieu qua bdi canh phat trian mdi Tai lieu tham khao Le Thi Thanh Huong, Mot so yeu to tdm ly ciia ngudi nong ddn dnh huong din qua trinh xay dung nong thon mdi, NXB Khoa hoc xa hoi, Ha Noi, 2015 Le Thj Thanh Huong, Huynh Van Chin, Mot s6 dac diim tdm ly ciia nguai diiu hanh kinh li ho nong ddn Tap chi Tam ly hgc, S6 9, tr 15 - 26, 2015b Le Thi Thanh Huong, Bui Thi Van Anh, Hap tdc giiia cdc Ihanh vien hoal dong sdn xudt kinh doanh ciia ho gia dinh nong ddn Tap chi Tam lyhoc S65 tr 1-10 2016 Pham Minh Thu, Xung dot quan he gia dinh ho nong ddn Tap chi Tam ly hgc, So 7, tr 92-99, 2016 '^ TAP CHI TAM L* HOC, So (219), - 2017 ... phat trien kinh te; Thu hai, phong trao phat trien kinh te tai dia phuong, the hien qua so lugng cac ho phat trien kinh te gia dinh c6 ket qua t6t va su chia se kinh nghiem san xuat kinh doanh giua... hanh hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh ciia ho gia dinh NhOng nguoi vira tra loi philu hoi, vira tham gia phong van sau Trong phieu hoi nhung cau hoi lien quan den moi truong kinh ti - xa hoi tai dja... nhSm thuc diy, hi trg cac ho nong dan phat trien kinh te; 2/ So ho nong dan san uk kinh doanh t6t; 3/ Muc chia se kinh nghiem san xuat kinh doanh giua cac ho nong dan Voi hoat dong ciia chinh
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