Hgja 1^ v i T i i nguygn M6i tru-Q'ng Thiia Thien H u i Hoi Pja ly Vi9t Nam Hoat dong thu'O'ng mai va c l u true lang-xom 6> thu'O'ng cang co Bao Vinh, ThCra Thien Hue tu> dlu th§ ky 20 din Nguyin Thj Ha Thanh' Abstract Commercial activities and settlement structures in Bao Vinh river - port town, Thua Thien Hue from the beginning of the 20"" century (o now Bao Vinh river-port town, located in the northeastern of the Hue old citadel city, was formed in the end qf the ISlh century, after the declination of Thanh port town of Hue, and vividly developed from the beginning of the 19th century Commercial activities in Bao Vmh were then transferred from the sea-faring Chinese lo the Vietnamese merchants when the political power of ihe Nguyen dynasty was in hand of the French in the end of the 19th century With eleven big wholesalers, a number of small merchants and handicraftsmen, Bao Vmh port town in the 20th century was slill an attractive destination for a lot of merchants and cargoes from the north and the south in the suburban Hue Thanks lo the busily commercial activities Bao Vinh has structured in a half town-market and a half rural village like many administrative centers in Vieinam, even not playing a role of an administrative town This article aims to describe commercial activities in Bao Vinh port town from the beginning of the 20th century, based on observation and deep inlerview as well as clearly point oul the typical - characlerislics in structure of Bao Vinh, which is composed of different quarters for different economic activities G i c n T H I E U Bao Vinh nam ve phia ddng bac cua thinh phd Hui, tiep giip vdi ling Dja Linh (nghi lim gach •: ng6i truyen thdng) d phia bac, ling The Lai Hg d phi'a lay, va sdng Huong d phi'a ddng, ddi ngan cac ' Iteg cd nghe thu cdng Iruyen thdng li Tien Ngn (son mii), Thanh Tien (hoa giiy), Lai An (tranh lang ; Sinh), Miu Tai (ddng thau, day thau) Sau phd cing Thanh Ha - phd cing ngi dja trung tam ciia ci ^ vimg Thugn Hda dudi thdi chua Nguyin - bj suy thoii vi dan lui tan tir cudi thi ky 18, Bao Vinh dugc lira chgn la cing thj tilp theo cho boat dgng thuong mai cua ngudi Minh Hucmg (mgt nhdm ngudi • Hoa kieu), mdt phan vi dieu kien dja ly tliuan lgi cho viec neo diu thuyin be va mdt phin vi khoing - each gin vdi cing cii Thanh Ha vi dd thinh Hue Phd cing Bao Vinh phit triln rye rd diu the ky 19, chu yeu nhd vao nhirng thuong nhan Trung Hoa, va sau dd ke tir thi ky 20 tilp tuc dugc tri bdi thirong nhan nudc Mac du hau nhu cang Bao Vinh dudi trieu nhi Nguyen khdng dugc coi trgng nhu la mdt tning tim cang thj ciia toan vimg Thugn Hda nhu cang Thanh Hi dudi thdi chiia NguySn, nhung nd van la mdt diem nhin tgo nen dien mao thj phdn vinh ciia dd Hui Cho den tan bay gid, Bao Vinh, cimg vdi ling Thanh Ha cu van la khu phd-Iang luong ddi ddng diic va lieu bieu d vimg ven dd phd Hue Bio cio niy dugc thuc hien nham ddng gdp them nhirng nghien cdu ve su chuyen djch boat (long thuang mgi va cau true phd cang Bao Vinh he thdng tai lieu it di mdi va cu ve van de niy d Bao Vinh Cung khdi tai lieu it di ve phd cing Bao Vinh the ky 20, tic gii da lya chgn 'fiofApe KHIN Dai hpc Qudc gia HN ^lA LY KINII TE - XA HOL 0\A LY CHINH TRI - QUAN SU* Hgi Pja ly va Tai nguyen Moi trudng Thua Thien Hui H$i Pia ly Vict N ^ phuong phap phdng vin sau ddi vdi mdt sd hg gia dinh lim an ldn va lau ddi d Bao Vinh, cung nhu mdt so ngudi cao tudi d ling dl cd dugc nhiJng thdng tin va sd lieu vl hogt ddng thuang mgi cung nhu nhftng thuang nhan chu ylu tham gia vao thj trudng ban budn tir diu die ky 20 d thuong cing nay, NhiJng dij li?u ca ban ciia bai bio dugc thu thap vao nam 2008 chuang trinh nghien ciru vl van hoa, lich su Hui va khu vuc phu cgn Vien nghien cuu giao thoa van hda ICIS, trudng Dai hgc Kansai, Nhat Ban chii tri, va dugc hoin khudn khd cua dl tai cip trudng Dai hoc Khoa hgc Ty nhien (Dai hpc Quoc gia Hi Ndi), ma so TN-12-32 QUA TRINH HINH THANH VA PHAT TRIEN PHO GANG BAO VINH Thdng qua nhii'ng nghien ciru cua minh, Dd Bang da cho ring nua cudi thi ky Ihir 19, sy noi len cua mgt cdn cat trudc cang Thanh Ha da khiin cho cang Thanh Ha tan lyi va trd Igi Id mot ling qud binh thudng, irong cang Bao Vinh lgi ndi len nhu mdt phd-chg sim uit [1] Mac dii sudt thi ky 19, lir thdi vua Gia Long den vua Thanh Thai, cic phd Ddng Hdi, Gia Hdi, Ddng Gia, Chg Dinh, Ciia Ddng, Trudng Tiln, Ddng Gia (Ddng Ba) - nhifng trung tim ihuong mai d Hui - dugc md ra, lhu hiit ddng dao Ihuong nhan Trung Hoa ngugc tir cing thi Thanh Ha - Bao Vinh len dl Iam an vi sinh sdng, nhung Bao Vinh vln duoc coi la trung tam thuong mgi doi vdi cac thj, ling xung quanh dd Hue Tirng di thuyen tren sdng Huang va di qua Bao Vinh vao nam 1820, Michael Due Chaigneau ghi nhan ring diy li "mdt cang thj sim uit, vdi nhttng ngdi nha rgng va d?p, tgp trung cac thuang nhan Trung Hoa lan nhirng ngudi lim thue cua hg Thuang nhin Trung Hoa da xay dyng nhung ciia hang cua hieu d Bao Vinh, nai nam each ciia bien Thuan An cd 12km bang dudng sdng Cic loai hang hda xuit nhap khau d day rit phong phu Hang nhap khau cd to lya, gdm sir, Ira, thuoc Bic, hoa qua, miit khd, va dd choi cho tre em, Ngugc lgi, thuyen be tir Bao Vinh di den cac nai khac thudng mang theo trau khd, ta sdng, dd gd tir Tonkin (Bic Ky), simg te giac, nga vol, "[2] Cu0c song phdn vinh ciia phd cing Bao Vinh keo dii den khoang nam 1885, chien tranh giifa trilu dinh Hui va thuc dan Phap no Vio cudi the ky 19, mgt phin ciia Bao Vinh bj tan phi, va cic hogt dgng thuong mai gin nhu bj dinh don Nhihig ngdi nha dep, nhiJng cira hang rgng Idn cua ngudi Trung Hoa va ngudi Viet, ke ca nha rieng cua quan dgi than Nguyen Van Tudng cung deu bj pha hogc bj bd hoang Theo R.Morineau, dng den Bao Vinh vao nam 1916, m^t sd ngudi Phip von djnh cu d day cirng da di cu di noi khic Sau nhtrng bien cd chinh tri nay, cac thucmg nhan Trung Hoa ciing tiJr bd nai day de rdi di nai khac, hoac Ird lgi co qudc Tuy nhien, dieu dd khong ddng nghTa vdi viec hoat dOng thuang mai d Bao Vinh bj chim dirt hin It nhit cho den dau thi ky 20, theo ldi kc cua nhiJng ngudi cao tudi lang, boat ddng budn ban d day lai dugc khdi phuc va dugc tri bdi nhung thuang nhan ngi, va mac dii khong cdn sam uat nhu d theky 19, nhung noi day van la diem den cua cic Ihuyen be phia Bac va phia Nam Cic mat hang nhgp khau gdm cd lua Nam Dinh, bin ghe cham khim trai tir mien Bac, Trung Qudc hay Nhgt Ban, diem Phat Diem (Nam Dinh), que Tl>.inh Hda, cac mgt hang mudi, gdm sii, gao, lgc, virng, dira, thirng, tieu, thudc la ciia mien Nam Thuyen tu Bao Vinh quay trd lgi Trung Qudc, Hdng Kdng thi thudng mang theo cac loai cu, ngii cdc (nhu gao, ngd, khoai, sin), dd go (may, tre, van Ihuyln, gd Id hgi), hoa qua (triu, budi, cam, quyt) hay cic -^an phim khac nhu gach Long Thg (Hue) Thgm chi cd nhung mat hang khd tim thiy dugc d dd lli'inh Hue lai dugc bay ban d Bao Vinh [2] 854 Hdi nght Khoa hgc Dia ly Todn qudc ldn lhu 6, Thdnh phd Hui, 9/201 Hgi Pia ly Vigt Nam Ifii Pja ly vi Tii nguygn Moi lru6Tig Thira Thien Hue QUA TRINH PHAT TRIEN THlTONG MAI & PHO GANG BAO VINH TlT D A U THE KY 20 3,1 Cac thu-tfng nhan noi ie cang Bao Vinh Theo ldi ke cua mgt sd ngudi cao tudi d ling Bao Vinh, tir dau den giira thi ky 20 cd khoang 11 thucmg nhan bin budn ldn d phd cang Bao Vinh (xem bang 1) Trong sd hg, cd hai thuang nhan ldn nhit, dd la: Ba Trudng Rdt, nha ban budn dd gdm su, ddng thdi cQng la thg Ihii cdng co lilng timg lam vi?c cho trilu dinh Hui vi dugc phong tudc vj cao ihg nghe (Ba Hd); ngudi thir hai la Khda Dem, nhi budn mudi va nudc mam Thdng lin ve 11 thuang nhin bin budn dugc liet ke d bang dvin day: Bdng} Thong lin cita cdc nhd bdn budn d Bao Vinh tir ddu den giira lhi ky 20 Ten STT i1 Mat hang buon bin Ba Trudng Glm sir, vai Rdi Khia Dem Truong NguIn hing Ghi chli Tir mien nam Viet Nam (Quing Nam, Quing NgSi, Binh Dinh) Mot so h^iig gom sir duac nhap tu Thanh Hoa Mot hai thuang nhin ban buon I ldn a Bao Vinh Ong ding thdi cung li ihg ihii cdng cua trilu dinh Hue tir cuoi ihl k;!* 19 din diu ihe ky 20 Muoi tho, nudc mim Thuoc la Cam Le, diy dira, nhua dudng, diu rai, Mpt Irong hai Ihucmg nhin ban buon Idn d Bao Vinh, Huong Dgt (Trin Tiln Dal) Muli, mim Ong li hiu dufi cua Trin Tiln Thanh, j vj quan dgi thin ciia nha Nguyen tti culi thi ky \9, vt dong Ihdi cilng Ii I ngudi da lgp lang Minh Huong | Mdi Trg Hudng Diy dira, nhya dudng, diu rii Diy dira, nhya duong, dau rii Nguyin Sung Dira nudc Siu Bdtdt Vimg xung quanh So Botdt Viing xung quanh 10 Boldt Dgu L6 T'hj Tam Do gom sy 11 Nhihig nhi ban bgt dt thudng sing d phia ben Uong ling, chir khong phii a mil phi nhu cac thucmg nhan khic Vting xung quanh Ttr Quing Ngii, Thanh Hoa Ba vin tri cia hing dd g6m cho (vat ldn, im tr^, chau, bit) din tin bay gid d Bao Vinh, nhung cira hing hien co quy mo nho hon hoSc Sii Gon (cic) nhilu Nguon: diiu Ira thuc dia cua tdc gid vd cgng su, 2009 Bit diu tir diu thi ky 20, nhilu biln dgng vl chinh tri, kinh te va xa hgi xay ra, khdng mgt thirong nhan nao kl tren cdn gifl" dugc quy md cCra hing ldn nhu trudc n&a Ba Le Thi Tam la thuong nhSn nhit sd 11 thuong nhan hien cdn tri cira hing gdm ciia ba d phd Bao Vinh, DIA I'i KINH TE - XA HOU DjA LY CHINH TRI - QUAN SI/ Hoi Dja ly va Tai nguyen Moi truo'ng Thira Thicn Hue Hoi Dja ly Vict pjan, dimg vj tri cira hang va nha d trudc ciia ba Hien ba da 81 tudi Tuy nhien, quy md cua hang cua ba hien nhd hem nhilu so vdi trudc, va cung nhd hon so vdi cac cua hing khac d Bao Vinh hien Mdt mia gian hang ba da cho thue de lam hang may Theo nhu hi kl lai, cira hang niy dir^ md tir ddi cha cia bi, khoang nhirng nam 1920, va cung buon ban dd gdm sir, vdi quy md Idn Cura hang cua dng Ba Trudng Rdt thi duge chuyen giao cho gai cua dng, ba Phan Thj Di^u Lien Theo Idi kl cia ba Dieu Lien, cha bi sinh d Sia, sau di cu den day de tien lim vice kinh thinh Hui Ong duoc phong ludc Ba Hd, tudc cao trieu dinh ban tang dinh cho nhung ngirai thg thii cong cd tii Chinh vi thi, ngudi ta ggi dng ia Ba Trudng Rdt Sau dng nghi huu vio nam 40 tudi, dng cimg vg md cira hang d Bao Vinh, tuc Ii vio khoing nhu'ng nam 1920 Cira hang dirpc tri vdng 40 nam (eho din nhii'ng nam 1960) Sau ong vavg qua ddi, gai dng biia ba Dieu Lien da khdng tilp tyc tri ciia hang nira Bi kilm sdng bing nghe budn bin vii lua d chg Ddng Ba, nghi mi bi theo tir nam 15 tudi 10 nam sau dd, bi mdi md Igi cira hieu tgp hda d day, va di nhien la vdi quy md nho hon nhieu so vdi trudc Cdn Igi cac thuong nhan khac thi hau nhu cac hau due ciia hg deu da rdi khdi ling 3.2 Hoat dgng thirong mai d Bao Vinh vao dau the ky 20 Ban budn cd thi coi li hogt dgng thuong mai chii yeu d thucmg cang Bao Vinh, it nhal cho den giiia Ihl ky 20 Cd tren 11 thuang nhan ban budn kl tren dal cii'a hang (.iia hg d kliu trung tam Bao Vinh, nai thuyen be cd the neo diu va tiep can de ding Trong dd, ba thuang nhan budn dt bpt Iai thi sinh song xa hon, d ben ting Dieu niy dugc ly giai ta vi bgt dt thudng ngng miii kli6ng dugc phoi d nai phd xi ddng diic, va hon nua ban than ba thuong nhan niy cung it budn ban iryc ti6p vdi nhirng thuong nhan d xg den, nen cung khdng nhit thiet phai cd nha d gan ben cang Theo nhu tdi kl ciia ong San - mgt ngudi co ludi ling, nhirng nha budn d Bao Vinh thudng khdng tham gia ban Ie ma hp ban Igi hing hda cho cac thuang nhan bin le Phin ldn cac thuong nhan niy Iai dem hing din ban d chg Ddng Ba tren thinh Hue Vio miia mau dich, rit nhieu thuyen be den neo dau va giao djch d cing Bao Vinh Theo O Thg, mdi ngudi cao tudi ling nhd Iai: "Thuong nhan tdi Bao Vinh hiu hit la den tir phia nam Viet Nam, mgt sd din tir Vinh - Nghe An, Thanh Hda d phia bic Viet Nam, Iren nhung chile thuyen Idn Mdi chile chd khoang 10 ngirdi NhiJng chiec thuyin du rdng de hg cd the d ludn tren Ihuyln vao ban dem ma klidng cin ten tn? tren bd." Miia mau djch d Bao Vinh ihudng la tir thing din thing 5, 6, Bit diu tir cudi ha, khoang thing 9, 10, 11 thi hogt dgng thuong mai gin nhu khdng dien vi day la miia lu (theo bao cao cua iJy ban nhan dan xa Huong Vinh, miia mua d Huong Vinh bit diu tir thing din thing 12, vdi lugng mua trung binh 2600-2800mm Trong dd, Iugng mua vao thing 9, 10 va 11 chilm hon 50% ting Iugng mua ciia miia mua) Thuyen be din Bao Vinh thudng chd diy ip hang hda, nhung thuyen di thi thucmg trdng khdng, ngoai trir cic hang luu niem ma cic Ihuong nhan mua vl Ngudi ta coi Bao Vinh nhu mdt diem trung chuyin hang hda phia nam cho miln Trung Bao Vinh, cic nghe thii cdng nhir bdc thudc dong y, lim ren la nhCrng nghi truyen thing, dugc luu truyin qua nhilu thi he Ngoai ra, cdn cd rat nhieu nghe thii cdng mdi ndi nhu Iam banh keo, lim mgc, may mac 3.3 Qua trinh chuyen bien cua ttiirong cang Bao Vinh vao cuoi the ky 20 Tu giiJa thi ky 20, nhirng biln ddng vl chinh tri da gay nen nhiJng xio trgn vl kinh tl-xa hpi cua ca nudc ndi chung, vi cua bin thin thuang cang Bao Vinh ndi rieng Doi vdi nhirng thuang nhan d Bao Vinh, die biet la cic thuong nhan ban budn, thi lgi la budc ngoat ldn lam thay doi phucmg 856 Hgi nghi Khoa hoc Dia ly Todn qudc ldn thti 6: Thdnh phd Hui 9/20 «Bjaj^va Tii nguyen Moi t r u i n g Thira Thien Hui Hoi Dja ly Vict Nam Aifc sing cua hg Tit ci hg dlu khdng the tri dugc vice budn bin cua minh nhu trudc nira iJitrong cang Bao Vinh cu da dugc trang hoing bdi mgt dien mao mdi It nhal cd yeu td da tic ddng bl„h nie vao Ihuong cang Bao Vinh Irong khoing thdi gian nay: Dau licn, cho Idi nam 1975, chien tranh Viel Nam, giao thong hang hii bi dinh tre, Ihuyen ti tir bic hay nam deu khd cd the lui tdi diy nhu trudc Nhtrng thuang nhan d Bao Vinh vi the khd (hiv tri dugc boat ddng budn bin ciia minh Nhu bi Tim, mgt thuang nhan gdm sii da phii chuyen jangban le banh keo - Thii hai, su phit trien va bien ciia cic loai van lai hicn dgi nhu xe khich, tau hda ciing nhu sy phat Iricn ciia dudng bd, giao thdng dudng song khong ddng vai ird tdi quan d mien Tning nhu trudc nu'a Cung vi ly mi Bao Vinh mat di vi the die dia cita minh, va phan Idn Jiang hoa dua den Hue dugc chuyen tryc liep den cho Dong Ba d thinh Hue chir khdng cin qua Bao Vinh - Thir ba, sau niy, ihdi ky ddi mdi kinh le (1986-nay), nhieu mat hang ngoai dep, cd chal Iirong, lai khong qui dal da Iam giam manh nhu cau ddi vdi cic mat hang ngi dia, vdn dT il co su thay dii va cii lien theo xu hudng licu dimg Vi du gdm sir lir Quing Nam, Quing Ngai vdn tirng chiem phin tdn tren nhii'ng thuong tiu den Bao Vinh vio khoing giii'a the ky 20, nhung Iai khong canh tranh diroc vdi gom sir Trung Quoc dugc tring men dcp, vdn dugc biy bin phd bicn d Bao Vinh ngiy Chinh vao thdi ky khung hoang thuong mgi d Bao Vinh, cimg vdi chinh sich hgp lac hda ndng nghiep dicn tren khip ci nudc vio cuoi nhtrng nam 1970 da khien cho so hg gia dinh lim ndng nghi?p d Bao Vinh lang Ien dpi bien (lir 10 hp ien 60 ho), cho dii diy khdng phii la nginh nghe qucn thupc doi vdi ngudi din Bao Vinh Chi sau nam 1986, chinh sich Doi mdi dupe thuc thi, nen kinh tl phit tnen, boat dpng thuong mai d Bao Vinh mdi co ca hdi duac tai sinh, nhung dudi dieu kien hoan toan khic Kc tir Iiic niy, hoat dpng bin Ie va cac d|ch vu phit trien manh mc ban, ihay the cic cira hang ban budn trudc Nhd vio vi the dia ly dc liep can bang ci dudng song va dudng bg ma phova chg Bao Vinh van thu hiit din dia phuang tir cic ihon, xa lin can 3.4 Hoat dong thuo'ng mai d" Bao Vinh Hoat dgng thuang mgi d Bao Vinh ngiy vin dien rat sdi dgng, chii yeu lap trung tren Bao Vinh - keo dai sudt tir cau Bao Vinh den ciu nli vdi ling Dia Linh Rai nhieu loai cira hing vacira hicu dugc md d day, nhu hing tap hoa, hing an nhd, quan ci phe, hieu cat loc, hicu thudc Tay, hieu thuoc ddng y, cii'a hing dich vy internet, Cd it nhit cira hieu cat tdc, 10 cira hang lap hoa, quan ca phe, cira hang dich vu internet d tren niy Q diy cdn cd ciia hang inh, mdt loai hinh liinh doanh thudng tim Ihay d khu phd-lhj hon la khu lang-xom ndng thdn Mpt dilm die biel ciia cic cira hing cira hicu d Bao Vinh la thong ihudng cic cira hang dugc su d\ing khong chi dl kinh doanh mgt loai hinh nio do, mi thudng ket hgp 2-3 loai hinh Vi du, cira hing Stra chira co cdn Ii ciia tiem may, cua hang sira vi rua xe may cung cdn dugc sir dung mgt phin khong gian lam tiem may, cua hang bin gdm sir dugc ket hgp bin tranh ve vi tugng dieu Wiac,, Moi mgt loai hinh kinh doanh d cira hing co Ihc dugc dim nhiem bdi nhung ngudi khic nhau, h? CO ihl la vg chdng, cung cd the chi don giin la ngudi cho thue cua hang va ngudi thue ciia hang Cac hoat dpng nghe iruyen thong nhu lim ri;ii, boc thudc dong y, vin duac tri va co mot 'lgng thj trudng khich tuong doi rong nhd vio uy tin va danh tieng mi hg dal dugc qua nhieu the he Phd Bao Vinh trd nen sdi dgng han cung nhd cd khu cha Bao Vinh ndm dphia bdc cua phd CV Bao Vinh md lit sang sdm din budi trua, ngoai trir mot sd sgp hdng nhd chg nhu hdng hoa qud, ^g gidi khdi, vd mot sd hdng rau thi cd thi dieac bdn din tdn chiiu Khdch cd lhi din chg bdng dudng 8[ALY KINH TE - XA H O L OIA LY CHINH TRI - QUAN SI/ Hoi Dia ly va Tai nguyen Moi Iruong ThiJa Thicn Hui Hgi Pja ly VigtNaiH bd hodc dirdng sdng Vdo miia mua lut, ngudi la khdng the din dugc chg Bao Vinh, thi mgt chg tqnt dugc md d khu mrc cd nin ddt luang ddi cao d phia nam ciia Bao Vinh, gdn dinh fi^: Vinh Ngay cd trdi mua vd lut, hogt dgng budn bdn a chg tgm ndy vdn soi ddng khong kim gi hoQt^ ddng thudng ngdy d chg Bao Vmh CAU TRliC LANG-XOM BAO VINH 4.L Cau triic ciia cang Bao Vinh Su nhdn nhjp hogt ddng thucmg mgi ciia Bao Vinh hiu nhu tip trung d khu vyc phi Bao Vinh, noi nhin bd sdng Huang, vi ndi thing vdi ducmg vao kinh Hui Phd Bao Vinh Irudc chi cd mdt day nha vi cira hing cira hieu, nhin thing bd sdng Huong Liic nay, nha cua cic thucmg nhin thudng dugc sir dyng cho nhieu muc dich: de d, de md cira hang ciia hieu, va dl Iam kho trir hang hda Ciu triic ciia mdt ngdi nha d-cua hang d diy gidng nhu nhirng gi mi R Morincau d3 tirng md ta vao nam I9I6: "Nha d phd thudng keo dii Mdi mdt nhi bao gdm cd san d giira, gian phia trudc dugc su dung lam cira hing hay sin trudc, gian phia sau lhi dugc dimg de d hay lam kho trtr hang."[2] Cho den tan biy gid, dac dilm chung ciia hiu het cac kieu nhi d-ciia hang d Bao Vinh vin tri theo dang kien true nay.[3] Mai cho din dau the ky 20, nhilu ngdi nha mdi dugc xay d day ben cita phd Bao Vinh, nim quay lung Iai song Huong Day niy ban diu cd khoing 10 ngdi nha tir giic, thudng dugc dan ling gpi Ii ki 6t, duoc xiy bdi ngudi Phap, ditng de ban hang giai kbit eho khach du lich di doc sdng Huong Cing ve sau, cing nhieu nhi d va ciia hang ciia hieu mgc ten d day nhi mdi niy, sy gia tanc dan so va yeu ciu phat trien hogi dpng buon bin cua ngudi dan ling Tren phd Bao Vinh, ngoii nhung cira hing cira hieu "ciia cac thuang nhan ban buon va ban Ie, lhi cdn cd chg Bao Vinh, nam d phia bac cua phd Chg Bao Vinh cdn tdn tai vi phal trien cho den ngiy nay, dugc coi nhu chg trung tam ciia khdng chi Bao Vinh ma cdn ciia cac ling, xa xung quanh Mgt bg phan khac ciu nen ddi sdng budn bin nhgn nhjp d Bao Vinh la cac cang song Theo ldi ke cua dng San, cac cang dugc mo la nhu sau: "Noi day tiing cd 5, cai cang vao khoang giira thi ky 20 Trong do, co hai cing Idn vdi hai chii'c nang khic nhau: mgt dl tip irung lhu>cn tir phia nam vi giao djch vdi cic thuang nhan ban budn d phd Bao Vinh; cii cdn Igi la nai tip trung thuyen be tir cic lang xung quanh den, chii yeu li den chg Bao Vinh de mua bin." 4.2 Phan khu va hinh thai nha if Bao Vinh, phd budn ban, va nai sin xuit dd ren nam d nhiJng phan khu khac Trong hau het cac cua hing cua hieu d Bao Vinh nim tren phd Bao Vinh, thi cac Id ren tgi nim d khu vyc khac, ve phi'a lay bac ciia ling Nhirng thg ren cd xu hudng song va lam viec d ciing mgt nai, de cd the ti?n giiip ve cdng viec vi cudc sdng tir nhirng diu di cu din day Mat khac, cung vi?c sin xuat dd ren ludn gay lilng dn ao, nen cac id ren dugc dat xa khu thucmg mai sam uat, sau vao ben Irong ling Tuy nhien, xet ve mat khoing each, thi khu Id ren nim each biet va khdng inh hudng gl den phd Bao Vinh, nhung ciing khdng nim each qua xa so vdi cang chinh Bao Vinh, vdi muc dich van chuyen de ding san phim ren cing, va ngugc lai, van chuyen nguyen vgt li^u lam ren lir cing vio din Id NhiJng phan khu van dugc giir nguyen chiic nang cho den Xet ve hinh thai nhi g, thi logi hinh nha d - cira hang tren phd Bao Vinh cd sy khac biet so vdi nha d ihdng thudng cua ngudi din phia ben Iral ciia (tinh tir ciu Bao Vinh vl phia bac), nhirng ngdi nhi thudng keo dii, ya hep bl ngang Trong do, phin phia trudc dugc sir dung lam cia hang, phia sau la kho va nha d, phia ben phai ciia pho, cic ngoi nha thudng ngin va nhd, 858 Hpi nghi Khoa hgc Dja ly Todn qudc ldn thir 6; Thdnh phd Hui, 9/20 afiipja 1^ vi Tii nguyen Moi truong Thiia Thien Hui Hpi Pja ly Vi£t Nam nim ven bai bdi ven sdng NhiJng ngdi nhi niy thim chi cd dien ti'ch nhd han nhieu so vdi cic ngdi jjia cr binh thudng d ben ling, dugc sii dyng cho muc dich kinh doanh - d, hogc chi cho mot myc dich kinh doanh hogc d Tuong tu, nha d cua thuong nhan vi thg thu cdng d khu vuc ben ling ciing thudng dugc siid\ing cho it nhat hai muc dich: de d vi de sin xuit, Vi dy, ngdi nhi ciia mgt thg ren bao gdm it nhit mot gian de d, va mdt gian dl lam ren, nhi d ciia cic thuang nhin budn bin dt thi sir dyng sSn phia trudc nha dl phoi dt Thdng thudng, nhiJng ngoi nha-ciia hang mat dugc ihiet kl hai j^g, hogc mdt tang vi mgt gac xep, de cic ihuong nhin cd the chuyen nhirng mat hing de hdng vi ngap nudc tir lang mgt len ting hai vao miia mua lii (nhu mudi, nhua dudng, dau rai, ) 4,3 He thong dudng lang va chirc nang Nam ben bd sdng Huang, vi ndi tryc tiep tir kinh thinh Hui din, phd Bao Vinh cd thi dugc tilp cin de ding bdi ci dudng bg va dudng sdng Dd la ly mi phd niy dugc chgn tim diem buon ban ngaytir thdi ky ihuang cing Bao Vinh mdi hinh thanh, vi cho den lgn bay gid cung vin la sim uit va tip trung hau het cic cira bang ciia hieu Neu nhu khdng tinh din nhtrng mai ngoi cl truyen thong va di^n ti'ch hep ciia pho, thi ngudi la de cd the nham Ian noi day vdi nhu'ng phdthi d cac dd thj bdi sy ddng diic cic hing quin Trong dd, d cic dudng khic ciia Bao Vinh, ngirdi ta lgi thiy ve binh yen cita mpl khu lang-xom nhu bao ling ndng ihon khic Bao Vinh cd hai dudng ldn trai dii tir phia bac den phia nam ciia ling, cd Bao Vinh Cdn lgi tim dudng nhd khic keo tir phia ddng din phia lay ciia ling, ndi hai dudng Ion Iai Mang ludi dudng sa d Bao Vinh cd the dugc thill kl vdi hai myc dich: vi sdng Huong va nhiJng cing sdng ddng vai ird quan irgng cudc sdng ihudng ngiy ciia ngudi dan Bao Vinh, nen sy ket ndi vdi sdng va cang sdng la rat can thiei Nhtrng dudng keo lir ddng sang tay cita ling giup cho nhiJng ngudi dan d ben ling cd the de ding liep can cac cang sdng mdt each nhanh chong nhii Thir hai, lang Bao Vinh chii yeu keo dii tir bac xudng nam, viec Ihiet ke h? thdng dirdng ling nhu vgy giiip giim chi phi xiy dyng nhieu han, va cung hgp ly hon Trong qui khu, mpt so dudng keo tir dong sang lay niy ddng thdi ddng vai Ird la ranh gidi giira cic xdm vdi day nhi phia ben phii cita phd Bao Vinh, nhieu ngd nhd dugc Ihiel ke thdng lir phd den bd song Huang, ciing nham hai muc dich: mgt li de thuyen be cap ben co the vio phd de dang, va hai ta de phuc vu hogt dgng hang ngiy ciia ngudi din tren sdng Huang nhu tam giat, rira bit, hay thim chi li lay nudc kjp thdi de dgp lira co hda hoan KET LUAN Cd the ndi, hogt dgng thuang mgi d phd cing Bao Vinh da phin inh chan thyc su phit trien kinh te ciia ting qua lirng thdi ky: ngoai thuang va hogt dgng sdng-bien phat trien gin vdi sy hinh va phit Iriln phd cang Bao Vinh lit cudi thi ky 18, va lilp luc tri sy phat triln manh me dudi trilu Nguyen sang the ky 19 nhu mgt diem thucmg mgi quan trgng d ngoai vi trung tim dd thj cd Hue Sy chu'r.g Igi ciia phd cing Bao Vinh vio cudi the ky 19 phan anh nhung bien cd ldn ve chinh trj Uii quyin luc chuyin giao vao lay ngudi Phap, va dd nhirng uu ii dinh cho Ihuong nhan ngudi Hoa khong cdn niJa Nhung day ciing ddng thdi ti co hdi de thuong nhin ngudi Viet thay thi thuang nhan ngudi Hoa lam chii cing Chien tranh dien ic liet tir giii-a den cudi thi ky 20 khiin cho hoat ddng thuong mgi d Bao Vinh mdt lan nira bj chtJng lgi va tin lui ban doi vdi hogt ddng ngogi thucmg Khi nin kinh te ci nudc dugc phuc hdi vao cudi the ky 20, cimg vdi su phat trien ciia giao thong van lai dudng bg, hogt dgng cing d Bao Vinh cung dan mat di vai trd ciia nd Tuy nhien, nhd (Jieu ki?n dia ly thugn lgi, cimg vdi truyen thing Iim nghe giao thuong vi boat dgng phi ndng nghi?p BIA LY KINH TE • XA HOI; DjA LY CHJNH TRI - QUAN SU H$i Dja ly v i Tai nguyen Moi truong Thira Thicn H u i Hyi Dja ly Vict Nam khac, hogt ddng Ihuong mgi d Bao Vinh van cd ddng lyc de hdi sinh, nhung d dgng thuc khac, tuong irng vdi nen kinh le mdi Mac dii nim d khu vuc ndng ihdn, vi cung khdng ddng vai trd la mdt trung tam hinh chi'nh nhung Bao Vinh ngiy van la trungjam thuong mgi cita khap viing ndng thdn ven phi Hui nhd vao vj tri gan phd Hue, Iai de liep can bang ci dudng sdng va dudng bg, cimg vdi sd lugno Idn din lang tham gia vio hogt dgng thuang mai Chinh nhd vio su phal irien ciia hoat dgng phi none nghiep, ma dge biel la hogt ddng thuong mgi d diy, Bao Vinh cd bg mat phd-thj sim uit nhu bit ky mdt Ihj nio khic Ciu triic nira phd-lhi, nira ling-xom vdi phin khu thuong mai vi hogt dgng icn rS ret, ciing hinh thii nhi d da chirc nang da tgo nen net dgc trung rieng biet ciia thuang cing Bao Vinh xua va phd-chg Bao Vinh ngiy Bao Vinh, chinh vi ihl, mac du nim d khu vuc ngoai 6, nhung thuc su la mgt diem nhan thii vj tao nen su soi dgng ciia bp mat dd thi Hue xua va TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Dd Bang, "Phd cang Thanh Hi-Bao Vinh tien trinh ljch su Phii Xuan-Hul Ihl ky XVIIXIX", Van hoa - Iich sir Hue qua gdc nhin ling xa phy can va quan he vdi ben ngoai ((Nguyin Quang Trung Tiln, Nishimura Masanari bien tap, NXB Thuin Hda, 2010, tr M-64 (tieng Viet) R.Morineau, "Bao Vinh - port-commercial de Hue", Bulletin de; Amix du Vicus Hue, No.2 1916, pp 199-210 (tiing Phip) Dd Thj Thanh Mai, "Kiln triic c6 khu vuc Thanh Hi - Bao Vinh", Van hda - lich sir Hui qua gdc nhin ling xa phy can vi quan he vdi ben ngoii ((Nguyin Quang Trung Tiln & Nishimura Masanari bien tip), NXB Thuin Hda, 2010, tr.l42 (lilng Viel) Hdi nghi Khoa hoc Dja ly Toan qudc ldn thu 6; ThanhphdHui, '-120 ... THlTONG MAI & PHO GANG BAO VINH TlT D A U THE KY 20 3,1 Cac thu-tfng nhan noi ie cang Bao Vinh Theo ldi ke cua mgt sd ngudi cao tudi d ling Bao Vinh, tir dau den giira thi ky 20 cd khoang 11 thucmg... ddng thudng ngdy d chg Bao Vmh CAU TRliC LANG-XOM BAO VINH 4.L Cau triic ciia cang Bao Vinh Su nhdn nhjp hogt ddng thucmg mgi ciia Bao Vinh hiu nhu tip trung d khu vyc phi Bao Vinh, noi nhin bd sdng... phd Bao Vinh, ngoii nhung cira hing cira hieu "ciia cac thuang nhan ban buon va ban Ie, lhi cdn cd chg Bao Vinh, nam d phia bac cua phd Chg Bao Vinh cdn tdn tai vi phal trien cho den ngiy nay,