NGHIEN CCrU - TRAO DOI y m ^ Quan diem ciia Dang ve ciiu ngltia xa ligi vai tinli cacli mot xa lidi ianli manli TS NGUYEN OINH HOA N gay tir mdi lap, Chdnh cuang vdn tdt ciia Ddng, Dang Cgng san Viet Nam da khdng dinh ro dudng di lgn cua each mang Viet Nam la "lam tu san dan quyen each mang va thd dia each mang de di tdi xa hdi cgng san"'" Tmng vdi ly tudng cua chu nghia Mac - Lenin, tu tudng H6 Chf Minh, dong thdi kien dinh muc tigu da lira chgn, sudt qua trinh lanh dao sir nghiep each mang, ca phong trao each mang the gidi lam vao hoan canh dac biet kho khan Dang ta vdn ludn giir viing va giuong cao nggn cd dgc lap dan tgc gdn vdi CNXH Trong quan niem ctia Dang Cgng san Viet Nam, CNXH la mgt che'dg xa hgi mdi, td't dep, tie'n bg va van minh Noi each khac, CNXH la mgt xa hgi lanh manh Trong Cuang tinh xdy dung ddt nudc thdi ky qud len CNXH, Dang ta da dua sdu dac tnmg CO ban cua CNXH Dgn Dai hdi lan thu- X, trgn co sd tdng ke't thuc tign hai muoi nam ddi mdi Dang Cgng san Viet Nam khdng dinh: "Aa hgi XHCN ma Dang, Nha nUdc va nhan dan xay dung S6'thane 10-2007 la mdt xa h6i dan giau, nudc manh, cong bdng, dan chu, van minh; nhan dan lam chu; co nen kinh tephat trig'n cao, dua tren luc lugng san xuat hien dai va quan he san xuat phii hgp vdi trinh phat trien cua luc lugng san xuat; CO nen van hoa tien tien dam da ban sdc dan toe; ngudi dugc giai phong khoi ap biic, bat cong, co cudc sdng arn no, tu do, hanh phiic, phat tri^n toan dien; cac dan tpc cong dong Viet Nam binh ddng, doan ke't, tuong trg, giup cung tie'n bg; co Nha nudc phap quygn XHCN cua nhan dan, nhan dan, vi nhan dan duoi SU lanh dao cua Dang Cong san; co quan he hiru nghi va hgp tac cac nuoc tren the gidi "'^' Vdi nhirng dae tnmg do, CNXH bieu hien Id mgt xd hgi Idnh mgnh De bien xa hoi XHCN, mgt xa hdi lanh manh ma ngudi khat khao vuon tdi, trd hien thyc sinh dong Dang Cgng san Viet Nam da xac dinh mot he thdng edc giai phap toan dien, ddng bg Nhin tir goc hinh thai kinh t e xa hgi, CO thg' khai quat phuong thiic xay dung xa hgi mdi la mdt sd nhdm giai phap chu yg'u mang tfnh dinh hudng sau: Mot la, nhom gidi plidp chinh tri Kg' thira va van dung sang tao ehu nghia Mae - Lgnin, tu tudng Hd Chf Minh, Dang Cgng san Viet Nam da luon kien dinh muc tigu dgc lap gdn lien voi CNXH Nhan thiic sau sdc vai tro cua chfnh tri ddi vci sy phat trien xa hgi Dang xac dinh ddi mdi he thdng chinh tri la mgt nhirng nhiem vu trgng tam Vdi tu each Dang cam quygn, chiu trach nhiem toan dien va cao nha't trudc toan the nhan dan ve sy phat trien tren mgi phuong dign cua xa hdi va hieu qua hoat dong cua bg may Nha nude cung nhu chat lugng cuoc sdng cua nhan dan , Dang da thudng xuyen ni ddi moi, ty chinh ddn, tang cudng ban chat giai cap c6ng nhan, xay dyng Dang thyc sy sach, virng manh, nang cao nSng lyc lanh dao va sire chien da'u; de va lanh dao toan dan thyc hien duong ldi doi mdi diing ddn, xdy dung Ddng Id nhiem vu then chdt Trong qua trinh ddi med Dang Cgng san Viet Nam coi ddn chii hoa xd hgi khdng chi la mgt yeu eau khach quan, ma la bign phap tich cyc, la dgng lyc quan Lv liiAn eliinh tri & Truyen thong NGHIEN CLfU - TRAO OOI trgng thiic day sy phat tri^n \6 mgi phudng dien ciia ddi sdng xa hgi Chfnh vi vay Dang da chu truong phat huy va md rgng dan chu nhdm giai phcng va phat trien mgi nang lyc cua ngudi, ciia toan the dan tgc; hinh dgng lyc thiic ddy sy phat trien toan dien va virng chdc cua dat nudc Vdi tfnh each la mgt gia tri xa hgi, quydn dan chii ciia nguoi Viet Nam khdng chi dugc khdng dinh, phap chg' hoa thong qua cac dieu khcan cua Hieh phap va phap luat, ma timg budc dugc hien thyc hod Trgn cd sd xae dinh "ISIha nudc la ccng cu chii ye'u de thyc hien quyen lam chu cua nhan dan, la Nha nuac phap quygn cua dan, dan, vi dan ", Dai hgi ldn thii IX cua Dang Cgng san Viet Nam chu truang day manh viec "xay dyng Nha nudc phap quyen XHCN dudi sy lanh dao cua Dang", "cai each th^ chg' va phuang thiie boat dgng cua Nha nudc"; dong thdi "phat huy dan chu, giir viing ky luat, ky cuang, tang cudng phap che""' Ygu cau "Xay dyng ca chg' van hanh cua Nha nudc phap quyen XHCN, bao dam nguygn tdc tat ca quyen lyc Nha nudc deu thudc ve nhan dan "''" la ngi dung cdt loi cua •nhiem vu xay dyng va hoan thien Nha nudc phap quyen XHCN ma Dang da ngu tai Dai hgi ldn thir X Mue tigu can ban cua ddi mdi chfnh tri va he thdng chfnh tri noi rigng, cua cong cugc ddi mdi ndi chung d nudc ta chfnh la xay dyng nen ddn chu XHCN, phat huy quyen ldm chii cua nhan dan Co thg' khdng dinh rdng, md rgng 10 Thuc tg' nhiing nam ddi mdi va phat huy dan chii kfit hgp vdi nang cao hidu lyc va higu qua vira qua chd thay Dang va Nha hoat dgng cua Nha nudc phap nudc ta da xay dyng va thyc hien quyfin XHCN cua dan, dc dan va mc hinh kinh tg'nhieu phdn, vi dan - dd la mgt nhung bai da dang hda cac loai hinh sd hifu; hgc nit tir thyc tign cugc sdng, dd, kinh te'nha nudc giir vai la phudng cham hanh dgng cua tro chu dao, chi phd'i tddn bg nen Dang dieu kien hien kinh te' - xa hgi Cac phan nhdm thiic day xa hgi phat trien kinh te' khac, nhu kinh te ca the, kinh te' tu ban tu nhan, kinh te tu lanh manh Hai la, nhom gidi phdp plidt ban nha nudc duge tao dieu kien thuan lgi de phat trien theo trien kinh te Trong qua tiinh lanh dao cong dinh hudng XHCN, gdp phan cugc xay dyng CNXH d Viet thiic ddy sy tang trudng cua nen Nam, dac biet la tir khdi kinh tg' Vdi dudng ldi dd, chiing xudng ccng cugc dei mdi Dang ta da giai phdng mgt budc quan ta da nhan thiic sau sdc rdng, lyc trgng nang lyc san xua't cua xa lugng san xuat bi kim ham kheng hgi, tao ngn sy phat trien dang ke' chi trudng hcjp quan he san cua lye lugng san xuat xa hoi xuat lac hau, ma ca quan he Nhin tdng the, ccng euge ddi mdi san xudt co nhirng yeu td di qua va phat trien kinh tg' Dang khdi xa so vdi sy phat trie'n cua lyc xudng da dat dugc cdng ldn lugng san xuat; rdng, phat trien Vdi tec dd tang trudng cao, on lyc lugng san xuat la khau mau dinh trcng nhieu nam lign tuc, nen chdt, la "cai xudng sdng" de' thiic kinh te' nude ta khdng nhirng vugt day sy tang trudng kinh te, dg' cai qua khung hddng, ma ccn tao ti^n thien va nang cao ddi sd'ng cua de virng chdc cho nhung budc nhan dan, tnrdc het la dai sdng vat phdt trien tiep thed; ddi sdng vat chat Bdt ddu tir Dai hgi ldn thii chat va tinh thdn cua nhan dan VI, Dang ta da chu dgng tieh cang dugc cai thien, cd mat hanh ddi mdi kinh te, cdi chfnh dugc nang cao Khdng phai ngdu sach phat trien kinh te nhieu nhign ma nhieu td chiic kinh te phdn cd y nghia chig'n lugc lau xa hdi tren thg' gidi da dua dai Day la mgt sy thay ddi quan nhirng danh gid lac quan ve trien trgng duong 161 phat trien vgng phat trien kinh te- xa hoi cua kinh te' cua Dang va Nha nudc so Viet Nam tUdng lai vdi thdi ky trudc ddi mod Trong Dudi sy lanh dao ciia Dang, Cuang linh xdy dung ddt nudc Viet Nam dang tfch cyc tham gia thdi ky qud di len CNXH, vao qua trtnh toan cau hoa va hpi Dang da khdng dinh sy can thiet nhap kinh te qudc te Tat nhien phai phat trien nen kinh te hang tddn cdu hda va kinh tg' thi truemg hoa nhieu phdn, van hanh Cd nhiing mat tfch cyc va ca theo cd chg' thi trudng ca sy quan nhirng mat trai, khie'm khuyg't ly eiia Nha nudc theo dinh hudng Quan diem ctia Dang ngu tai XHCN Dai hdi X la tranh thu ca hpi Ly luan chiuh tri & Truyen thdng Sd thdng 10-2007 NGHIEN CLTU - TRAO DOI thuan lgi boi canh qud'c te tao va tiem nang, lgi the cua da't nudc de nit ngdn qua trinh cdng nghiep hda - hien dai hda da't nudc theo dinh huong XHCN gdn vdi phat trien kinh te tri thiic, cci kinh te tri thiic la ye'u td' quan trpng cua nen kinh tg' va cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda Co the ndi, sy phat trien diing huang, hgp quy luat eua ngn kinh te qua trinh doi mdi vira phan anh sy lanh manh hda trdng linh vyc boat dpng can ban cua xa hgi vira tao ngn tang viing chdc cho sy lanh manh hda cac ITnh vyc khac cua ddi sdng xa hdi Ba la, nhom gidi phdp phdt trien vdn hoa, khoa hgc - cong nghe vd gido due- ddo tgo Danh gia v6 n6n van hoa cua dan tpc Dang Cpng san Viet Nam khdng dinh rdng, dd la qua hang ngan nam lao dpng sang tao, da'u tranh kien cudng dyng nuac va giir nudc cua cgng ddng cae dan tgc Viet Nam, la ket qua giao luu va tiep thu cua nhi^u nen van minh the gidi de khdng ngimg hdan thien minh; rdng, van hda Vigt Nam da hun diie nen tam hdn, phach, ban linh Viet Nam, lam rang lich sir ve vang cua dan tgc Van hda dugc cdi la ngn tang tinh than cua xa hpi, la dpng lyc thtic day sy phdt trig'n kinh te- xa hpi Tai Hpi nglii Trung Udng lan thtr nam (khoa VIII), Dang khdng dinh: "Cham lo van hda la cham lo cung co' nen tang tinli thdn cua xa hpi Thieu nen tang tinh than tien bd lanh manh, khdng quan tam giai quyg't tdt mdi quan he giira phat trie'n kinh tg'vdi tien bg va cdng bang xa Sd thdng J0-2007 hgi thi khdng th^ co sy phat triln c6ng nghe la mpt nhirng kinh t e - xa hpi ben viing""' digu kien quan trpng de phat trien Nhu chiing ta da big't, ngoai bgn virng va hpi nhap cdng nhirng mat tfch cuc, kinh te' thi Hdn mpt tram nam trUdc, cac nha truemg va toan cau hda kinh te' kinh dig'n cua chu nghia Mac da cung chiia dyng dugc khdng ft dua dy bao vugt trudc thdi dai khuye't tat, dat cac qudc gia, rdng, khoa hpc se cang trd cd Viet Nam trudc nhtrng nguy lyc lugng san xuat tryc tie'p cd va thach thirc to ldn Trong Nhan thiic sau sdc y nghla, vai tro dieu kien nhu vay, van hda phai cua khoa hpc - cdng nghe ddi vci gdp phan dieu chinh, lam lanh sy phat trien ben viing cua dat manh hda cac mdi quan he giira nude Dang ta khdng dinh can eon nguci vdi ngudi, giiia phai nang cao nang lyc khoa hpc nguoi vdi ty nhign Cac nhan to' - cdng nghe, phat trien ca khoa van hda phai gdn ket chat che vci hpc xa hgi, khoa hpc ty nhien ldn ddi sd'ng va hoat dpng xa hpi tren khoa hpc cdng nghe, trpng dung mpi phuang dien ehinh tri, kinh nhan tai thu hiit cac nha khoa hpc, te', xa hpi luat phap, ky cuang cdng nghe gioi d trdng va ngddi tad ngudn lyc npi sinh quan nudc, trdng cpng ddng ngudi Viet trpng nha't chd sy phat trien lanh Nam dinh cu d nude ngaai manh hda eua xa hpi De lam Ngudn nhan lyc cd chat lupng dugc didu dd, mgt mat, can phai hien dugc danh gia la ngudn lyc giif gin vd phdt huy cac gid tri vdn quan trpng va ben viing nha't cua hoa truyen thdng - nhtrng ye'u to sy phat trien kinh te - xa hpi da lam nen ban sdc ciia Viet Nam Ngudn lyc nhu vay chi cd the la lich str, mat khac, tie'p thu co ket qua ciia mpt nen giao due - dao chgn lgc nhirng gia tri van hda cua tao phat trig'n toan dien Do dd, nhan loai nhdm lam phong phii phat trien giao due - dao tao thyc thgm va hien dai hda nen van hda sy la "qud'c sach hang dau", ddu tu ctia dan tpc Dai hpi lan thii X ctia cho phat trien giao due - dao tao Dang khdng djnh: 'Tie'p tuc phat dugc cci la dau tu cho tuang lai trien sau rpng va nang eao chat Cu the la chting ta phai "Phan da'u lugng ngn van hda Viet Nam tign xay dyng nen giao due hien dai, tien, dam da ban sdc dan tgc, gdn eua dan, dan va vi dan, bad dam ke't chat che va dong bg hon vdi cdng bdng vg cd hpi hpe tap chd phat trien kinh te- xa hpi, lam ehd mpi ngUdi, tao digu kien de toan xa van hda tharn sau vao mpi linh vyc hpi hpc tap va hpc tap sudt doi, dap cua ddi sdng xa hpi""*' Dd la dinh ling yeu cdu cdng nghiep hda, hien hudng chig'n lugc phdt trien van dai hda dat nudc""' hda cua ddt nude cong cugc Bd'n la, nhdm giai phap gidi ddi mdi, day manh cdng nghiep quyei cde vdn de xd hgi hda, hien dai hda dg' xay dung Huang tdi xay dyng xa hpi cdng xa hgi mci lanh manh la muc tigu xuygn sudt Ciing vci phat trig'n van hda, cua Dang va Nha nudc ta trdng nang cad nang lyc khea hgc - tien trinh each mang Trcng cdng Ly luan chinii tri & Truyen thdng 11 NGHIEN CLTU - TRAO DOI cupc ddi m6i, bgn canh viee phat trien kinh te, chiing ta edn phan dau giai quye't td't edc van dg xa hpi nhdm tao ngn mgt xa hgi binh ddng va cdng bdng chd ccn ngudi, ddng thdi tao dieu kien phat trien cho ta't ca mpi ngUdi Quan diem cua Dang va Nha nudc ta la cung cd', phat huy nhirng yeu td' lanh manh, nhirng gia tri nhan van vd'n cd trdng tmyen thd'ng eua dan tgc cung nhu nhiing qua ma nhan dan ta dat dugc trcng ccng cupc xay dyng xa hpi mdi; chu dgng de phdng va cd bien phap tfch cyc de ngan chan nhirng bieu hien lech lac, thieu hdac khdng lanh manh trdng xa hgi De giai quyg't td't cac van de xa hpi, tir giao due, y tg', dan sd, vigc lam, chd de'n sy hudng thu van hda, ngan chan te nan xa hgi, ciiu trg va uu dai xa hdi ; thdng qua dd, tao nen sy on dinh, phat trien dei sd'ng xa hgi, nghia la lam Idnh mgnh hoa xdhgi, can phai hdach dinh va thyc hien mgt he thdng ehinh sach xa hdi diing ddn phil hgp vdi digu kien cua dat nudc Chfnh sach xa hgi ve thyc cha't, la ehinh sach ddi vdi cdn ngudi, tac dgng dg'n mgi mat cua ddi sd'ng cdn nguci, den tddn bd dei sd'ng cdng ddng va dd vay, nd cd vai trd dn dinh xa hgi va tad dgng lyc ehd sy phdt trien xa hdi Ndi each khae, chinh sdch xa hgi diing ddn cd tdc dung thig't lap met trat ty xa hgi lanh manh, ed ky CUdng, cd dad ly Qudn triet y nghia td ldn ciia vigc giai quyg't cac van de xa hdi Dang ta xac djnh phUdng hudng cua chfnh sach xa hgi la phat huy nhan td ngudi, trgn ca sd dam bad 12 ccng bdng, binh ddng vi quy6n lgi va nghia vu ccng dan; ke't hgp tang tnrdng kinh te' vci thyc hien tien bg xa hpi; nang cad ddi sd'ng vat chat va tmh than chd nhan dan Kg' thira va tie'p tuc phdt trien mpt each sang tad chu nghia nhan dao cdng san va tu tudng nhan van Hd Chf Minh, Dai hgi IX cua Dang khang dinh rdng, viee thyc hien edc chfnh sach xa hgi phai hudng vad phat trig'n lanh manh hda xa hgi Nam la, gidi plidp bdo ve tdi nguyen moi trudng Thg'gidi hien dai dang phai ddi mat vdi hang bat van de mang tfnh tddn cdu, trdng dd cd van de tai nguyen va mdi trucng sdng Nhan thiic dugc tdm quan trgng cua the gidi ty nhign ddi vci sy tdn tai, phat trien cua cdn ngudi va xa hdi trdng hien tai eung nhu trdng tudng lai Dang va Nha nudc ta da sdm cd nhirng bien phap tfch cyc nhdm tad lap mdi quan he hai hda giiia ngudi va ty niiign, bad dam cd sd chd sy phat trien lanh manh cua xa hdi Ngay tir nam 1991, Dang da xay dyng "Kg' hdach qudc gia ve mdi trudng va phat trien bdn virng giai doan 1991 - 2000" Tir dd den nay, nhieu chi thi, nghi quyg't, van ban phap luat ve cdng tac dugc ban hanh; ddng thed, cae ca quan chuyen trach tir tmng uang de'n dia phuang dugc lap de td chiic thyc hien va kiem tra cac hdat dgng va bad ve tai nguygn mdi tnrdng sd'ng Ngddi ra, cdng tac gidd due y thiic bad ve tai nguygn mdi trudng chd nhan dan cung dugc quan tam, hinh nhiing phong trao qudn chiing r6ng rai tham gia giir gin va bao vg mdi truang Trong giai doan ddy manh sy nghiep ccng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dat nude Dang tig'p tuc chu truang phdt trien kinh tg' - xa hpi gdn chat vdi bao ve va cai thien mdi trugng, dam bad sy hai hoa giira mdi tnrdng nhan tad vdi mdi trudng thign nhign, xac dinh bao ve mdi trudng la trach nhiem cua tddn xa hdi, cdi yeu cdu vg moi trudng la mdt tigu chf quan trpng danh gia cac giai phap phat trien Dua dat nudc tig'n lgn CNXH la sy lya chpn hddn tddn diing ddn cua Dang Cpng san Viet Nam va Chu tich Hd Chf Minh Muc tieu dd chdng nhirng dap iing nguyen vpng va lgi fch cua tdan the nhan dan Viet Nam, ma cdn phii hgp vdi xu the phat trien mang tfnh quy luat cua lich sir CNXH la mdt xa hgi lanh manh va tie'n trinh xay dyng xa hdi dd la sy nghiep sang tao cua ca dan tpc dat dudi sy lanh dao cua DangD Dang Cpng san Viet Nam Vdn kien Ddng todn tap, T.2 Nxb CTQG, H 1998 tr2 Dang Cpng san Viet Nam Vdn kien Dgi hgi dgi bieu todn quoc ldn tluiX Nxb CTQG, H, 2006, tr - Dang Cpng san Viet Nam Vdn kien Dgi ligi dgi bie'u todn qudc Idn thic IX Nxb CTQG, H, 2001, tr.l31 - 135 Dang Cpng san Viet Nam Vdn kien Dgi hgi dgi bieu todn qudc Idn thii X Nxb CTQG, H, 2006, tr 125 Dang Cpng san Viet Nam Vdn kien Hgi nglii Idn thif ndm Ban Clid'p hdnh Trung Kcnig khod VIII Nxb CTQG, H, 1998, tr.55 Dang Cpng san Viet Nam Vdn kien Dgi hgi dgi bieu todn qudc ldn tliitX Nxb CTQG, H, 2006, tr 106 Dang Cpng san Viet Nam Sdd, tr.206 Ly l u a n c h i n i i tri & T r u y e n t h o n g So thdng 10-2007 ... giai phdng mgt budc quan ta da nhan thiic sau sdc rdng, lyc trgng nang lyc san xua't cua xa lugng san xuat bi kim ham kheng hgi, tao ngn sy phat trien dang ke' chi trudng hcjp quan he san cua lye... cd y nghia chig'n lugc lau xa hdi tren thg' gidi da dua dai Day la mgt sy thay ddi quan nhirng danh gid lac quan ve trien trgng duong 161 phat trien vgng phat trien kinh te- xa hoi cua kinh te'... hanh Cd nhiing mat tfch cyc va ca theo cd chg' thi trudng ca sy quan nhirng mat trai, khie'm khuyg't ly eiia Nha nudc theo dinh hudng Quan diem ctia Dang ngu tai XHCN Dai hdi X la tranh thu ca hpi