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CAC KIE'N NGHI VE r^ ^ ^ / ? ^ PHAT TRIEN CON NGU'dl VIET NAM HIEN NAY MAI QUtNH NAM* LTS: Tgp chi Nghiin cicu Con ngudi, sS 5(68) 2013, da trinh bdy cdc kit ludn duac riit tir Chuang trinh nghien cuu "Mdt s6 vdn di ca bdn vi phdt triin ngudi Viet Nam giai dogn 2011 - 2020 " Trong Tgp chi so ndy, chung toi trinh bdy cdc lain nghi dupc rut tie Chuang trinh nghiin cuu noi trin Tap chiNCCN Kien nghi m$t so giai phap lien quan deo chinh sach Nhdm giai phap huong eac ehinh saeh edn dam bao sy edng b§ng, binh ddng, hieu qua, ben viing va mo rdng ea hgi tham gia eho mpi nguoi huong dfin mue tieu phat trifin eon nguai bin vung (PTCNBV) 1,1 Tht^c hien cdng bdng xd hpi Thuc hipn cong bang xa hgi thdng qua tang tmdng kinh te gan Iifin vdi tifin bp va cong bang xa hgi tttng giai doan va sudt qua trinh phat triln Dilu ddi hdi dieu ehinh he thong ehinh saeh kinh tfi vT mo eiing nhu thye hien cae chuong trinh phat triln cy thfi Thu nhdt, thuc hien eae chinh sach va bien phap nham dam bao eong bing giua cae phan kinh te va cac tang ldp dan cu tiep can yeu to dau vao va hudng thu eae ket qua dau cua phat trien (san xuat, kinh doanh) Tao san ehoi binh dang giua eac phin kinh tfi va phat triln thj tmong Thu hai, dieu chinh thich hgp chinh sach dau tu phat trien dat tdi co chfi phan bo nguon lyc huong toi cong bang xa hgi nhu: Tang cudng, khuyfin khich dau tu eho cac nganh, cac dy an, tgo nhieu vi?c lam mdi nSng eao thu nhap eho nhieu nguoi; Bfin canh vigc uu tien dau tu cho cSc vimg kinh tl trpng diem can ehu y dau tu thich dang cho cdc viing khdc, nhat la vung kem phat triln, vung sau, vimg xa, viing dong hko dan tOe thilu s6, • PGS.TS.; Vi^n Nghifin ciiu Con nguiri, Vi|n HSn iam Khoa hpc Xa hpi Vi?t Nam Nghfin ciiu Con nguOf 5^6(69) 2013 Cdc kien nghi vi Thic ba, thuc hien eo hifiu qua chinh sach phuc lgi xa hgi, dong th6i bd sung va md rOng he thdng, ehinh sach an sinh xa hgi (ASXH) gdm nhilu ting nie va then chdt nhu: LTu dai xa hgi cho nhiing nguai ed eong vdi each mang nham dam bao mue sdng; Thue day chinh sach bao hifim xa hpi (BHXH) nhim huy dgng mgt phdn tich luy ttt thu nhgp eua nguoi dan Ittc binh thudng dap ttng nhu cau khong cd viec Iam, 6m dau, rui ro Thir tu, day manh va nang eao hifiu qua eiia xda ddi giam ngheo (XDGN) mgt each ben vttng Trong dd, can chii y dfin viec nang cao nang Iuc cua cac nganh, cae cap xSy dung va thye hien ke hoach phattiifinkinh tfi - xa hgi gan vdi mue tieu tang tmdng va giam ngheo Thic ndm, tilp tuc thye hifin chinh sdch binh ddng gioi Can tuyen tmyfin nang cao nhan thuc vfi vai trd gidi tiong phat trien Phu nft can dupe tao eac ea hpi tham gia vao giao dye, eham sde sue khde (CSSK), lao dgng vific lam va hudng thy ddi sdng van hda, Vific thyc hien tdt chinh sach binh dang gioi se thuc day myc tieu PTCNBV 1.2 Thuc hien dan chii vd nang cao vai tro chu the Thic nhdt, can tiep tyc cai each hanh ehinh Xay dyng nfin hanh ehinh dan ehii tiong sach, viing manh, chuyen nghiep, hifin dai hda, hoat dgng hieu qua theo nguyen tic nha nudc phap quyln xa hpi ehu nghTa dudi su ianh dao cua Dang; xay dung dgi ngu can bp cdng ehue cd pham chat va nang lue dap ung yfiu eau cdng cuOc xay dung, phat triln dat nude Thu hai, cdn tang cudng edng khai, minh bach Minh bach hda he thdng thi chfi luat phap nha nuac va tang cudng tuyen tmyln nOi dung thi ehi, chfi tai dl nhSn dan bilt, hieu va thyc hien 1.3 Thifc hi^n chinh sdch phdt trien kinh tigdn v&i bdo ve moi tru&ng Moi tmdng la mgt nhihig ylu td quan trgng dam bao dilu kifin dl PTCNBV Do dd, can phai xay dung va hoan thign he thdng luat va cac chinh saeh vl mdi tmdng Cac chinh sach bao ve moi tmdng ein dugc ldng ghep cac chiln lugc, quy hoach, kfi hoach phat tiiln eua dit nuac nhu da dl chifin luge phat tiiln kinh tl - xa hpi giai doan 2011-2020 Nha nude can ban hanh diy dtt cae quy chl cuong chl, thi hanh tieu ehuin moi tiudng, khuyin khich stt dung nguyen lieu eong nghe sach Tang cuong diu tu ngan saeh nha nudc (NSNN) va huy dOng mpi ngudn lyc da dang vao bao vp moi tmdng Can ehu trgng phong ngua nhilm, kien quyit xtt ly cac vi phgm vl mdi tmdng Khong ngung nang eao nh$n thttc, ttt cua eac nha hoaeh djnh chinh sdeh dl ho thdm nhuan quan diem phat tiiln bin vung, than thien voi mditiorong.Ben canh eOng can bien kien thttc nhlm nang eao nhgn thuc ciia nguoi dan cung nhu tao dilu kifin dl hp tham gia vao cdng tac bao vfi moi tmdng Xay dyng cae phuong an ddi phd vai biln ddi hdu va thien tai Cdn cd nhftng 22 Nghm eiiu Con ngudi srfCfeSJ 2013 Mai Quynh Nam phuong an phat triln kinh tl - xa hgi cu thfi eho timg giai doan va ddi voi nhttng vung ehju su anh hudng true tilp eita bien doi hgu Kien nghi mot so giai phdp ve phdt trien kinh t€ Thic nhdt: Ve chinh sdch qudn ly vtmo Cdc chinh sach quan ly vi md eua NM nude ein dugc cai thien nhim 6n djnh moi trudng kinh te vT mo huong den muu sinh ciia dong dao ngudi dan, tao difiu kien thugn lgi eho mgi phin kinh tl, mgi ting lop dan eu diu ed eo hgi tilp can mgt cdeh cong bang ddi y&i cac ylu td "diu vao" cua san xudt, kinh doanh Cac ylu t6 "ddu vao" bao gdm ca huu hinh va vd hinh nhu ddt dai, tin dung, kT thudt, radi truong kinh doanh, thdng tin kinh tl, Thu hai: Ve chuyin dich co cdu kinh ti hudng tdi phdt triin bin viing Tilp tuc diy manh phat triln nhanh va bin vttng cac nganh kinh tl, dac biet la mOt s6 nganh kinh tfi chu lyc, tang quy md nen kinh tfi tien co sd nhiing thi mgnh cua cac dja phuong, tgo bude dot phd chuyin djch ca ciu kinh tfi theo huong tang nhanh khu vuc edng nghifip va djeh vu, trfin ea sd co nhiing lien kit hoat dgng va ho tig ddi voi khu vyc ndng nghigp nong thon Timg budc tao sy vihig chic nln kinh tfi, kl ca gap phdi nhttng bien dgng Phdt trien sdn xuat cdng nghiep vdi nhifiu quy mo, trinh dO khde nhau, chii trpng cong nghigp vua va nho phu hgp vdi djnh huong chimg va lgi thi cua timg vttng, timg dja phuong Coi trpng ddu tu chifiu sau, ddi mdi thilt bj eong ngh$ tifin tifin, hien dai hoa cdc eo so san xuat Ra sodt ede san pham, uu tien phat trien nhanh cong nghi?p cdng nghp cao Nang eao ehit Iupng va trifin khai thu hiit nhanh cac dy an vao ede cum, cdc khu cong nghiep da xay dyng Chu trpng phdt trien ede ITnh vye ed gia trj san xuit, tao nguon thu vd kim ngach xuat khau ldn Phat trien da dgng va nang cao chit Iuong cac djch vu nhu: du ljch, bao hiem, ngan hang, vgn tdi, buu dien, xuat khiu lao dpng, xuc tifin thuong mgi Tgo moi tmong thugn lpi de phat trien mgt so nganh djch vy mdi: tai chinh, thj tmdng von, kifim todn, kinh doanh bit dOng san, tu van phdp luat, chuyen giao cong nghfi Thic ba: Ve hieu qud su dvng von ddu tu Nang cao han nua hieu qua su dung von diu tu d khu vuc nha nuoc, boi diu tu ciia nha nude cd mpt vj tri quan trpng viec tgo dyng moi tmdng tdng tmong va eung cap djch vy xa hpi co bdn hudng toi dong dao nguoi dan Vi vay, hi?u qua stt dung von cua nhd nude ed tac ddng mgnh me den ehat Iupng tdng tmdng vi myc tieu phat trien ngudi (PTCN) Diem then chot nhat la phai giam hot xu the dpc quyen cua cac doanh nghiep, cae tap doan nhd nuac De nhieu doanh nghiep cung cgnh tranh khai thdc thj tmong nhu ITnh vyc vien thdng hipn Dieu se buOc cac doanh nghiOp nha nude phai quan tam din chat lupng sdn phim hang hda vd dich vy, nguoi dan cd nhilu ca hOi lua chpn Nghiin edu Con ngadi s66(69) 2013 ^^ Cdc kiin nghi vi vd quyit djnh tieu dttng hon nha nuoc van gift dugc djnh huong phdt trifin cdn thilt Ben canh dd, edc tap doan kinh tl nha nudc nen tdp trung dau tu phat trien cac nganh chiln lupc, diu tu cd ehilu sau dl timg budc nang cao ndng lyc cgnh tranh Thic tu: Vi van dung cdc nguyin tdc phdn phoi ddm bdo binh ddng, cong bang vi ca hpi phdt triin Ddi vai cae kit qua "diu ra" ciia qua tiinh sdn xuat, kinh doanh, cd the va can phdi tilp tuc thye hifin tdt hem nguyen tic phan phdi ehii ylu theo ket qua Iao dgng va hieu qua kinh tl, ddng thai phan phoi theo mtte ddng gop vdn va cdc ngudn Iuc khde vdo qua trinh tien, xem day la nguyen tic phan phdi phii hpp voi dieu kien eu the eua thdi ky qua dp Ien ehu nghTa xa hpi d nudc ta Thir ndm: Phdt triin kinh ti phdi di doi vdi xda doi gidm ngheo Tang tmdng kinh tfi phdi gdn voi nhiem vu gidm ngheo, tao co hgi cho ngudi ngheo, vung ngheo tifip can cde nguon lyc cho phdt trifin kinh tfi (dat dai, tin dung, khoa hgc vd edng nghe, thj tmdng, ), tiep can cac dich vu xa hpi co ban va tdng quyen lyc, mo rpng sy tham gia eua chinh nguoi ngheo vao chifin lugc, ke hoaeh phdt trifin kinh tfi - xa hpi dat nudc Giam ngheo mudn cdng phdi thuc hifin ddng bg cae bifin phdp, ddng thoi dOt phd vao cac khau trgng yfiu, giai quyfit tan gdc cac nguyen nhdn co ban eua tinh trgng ddi ngheo Kien nghi mpt so giai phap ve van hda 3.1 Nhdm gidi phdp nhdm bdo ton vdn hda tinh thdn ddn tdc ddng th&i v&i tiip thu tinh hoa vdn hda nhdn logi tgo mpt nin vdn hda tien tien, dgm dd bdn sdc d&n tpc, ldm nen tdng cho s^ PTCN dgt hi^u qud vd bin virng Thu nhdt, cdc chinh sdch phat trifin van hda phdi nhdm phuc vu mue tifiu xay dyng va phdt trifin van hoa Viet Nam tifin tien, dam dd bdn sic dan toe, md tmac hit edn dac biet quan tam den vific gift gin, nang cao bdn sac van hda dan tge, kl thua va phat huy tmyln thdng dao due, tap qudn tot dep, y thttc ve cpi nguon va Idng ty hao vfi dan tge, ddng thdi nd lyc loai bd dan tam ly sung bdi ddng tifin bdt chip dgo Iy, hg thip gid tri nhdn vdn Di doi vdi nhiing co gang nay, cin tich cyc tifip thu tinh hoa cua cac dan tpc tren thfi gidi lam giau dep thfim nen van hda Viet Nam, ngan chgn xu huong Iai cang pha tap va ddu tranh chong Igi su xam nhap ctta cae loai van hda dpc hai Nhifim vu tmng tam cua nln van hoa tiong giai doan toi la phdi gop phan xay dyng nguoi Viet Nam vfitiJtuong, dao due, tam hon,tinhcam, Idi sdng cd nhan cdch tdt dep, eo ban ITnh viing vdng Thu hai, day manh thyc hifin cac phong tiao vdn hoa tren pham vi ca nude nhu phong trao toan dan dodn kfit xdy dung doi sdng vdn hoa, phdt huy nguoi tdt viee tdt, c6 vu nep song Idnh mgnh, van minh Gop phdn hinh he gid tri vd chuin mye xd hpi Ianh mgnh phii hgp voi ban sae dan tOc va yeu cdu cua thoi dgi Day mgnh thdng tin, tuyen tmyln, van dgng, gido due, lam chuyin biln nhgn thuc vl 24 Nghiin cdu Con ngiMf s66(69) 2013 Mai Quynh Nam dinh huong gid trj l6i sdng lanh mgnh, khdng sa vao te nan xd hOi, nhat la thifiu nien, phat dgng nhdn ddn bit ddu tu moi gia dinh, nha tmdng, don vi eong tae den thdnh vien cac to chttc chinh trj xd hgi tham gia dau tranh phong chong te nan Phdt hien, ddnh gid, due rut kinh nghiera va nhdn rgng md hinh hieu qud chtta trj cai nghien va tdi hoa nhdp cpng ddng eho ede doi tugng Md rpng, nang eao hieu qua cupc van dgng xa phudng lanh mgnh, khdng tfi nan xd hgi gan vdi eugc van dong toan ddn dodn kfit xay dung van hda moi Huy dpng nguon lyc cgng dong cho cai nghien va phong chong te nan, xdy dung edc dpi eong tac xd hgi tinh nguyfin, cae hpi eo sd dd dau, ho trg ddi tupng va gia dinh cd ngudi nghien khong bj xa Idnh, ky thj Kien toan he thdng td chuc bpradyphong chdng te nan cae cap, nhat Id cdp co sd 3.2 Nhdm gidi phdp tdng cu&ng vdn hda ngdn ngir bieu tug^ng (vdn hgc nghi thugt) tgo dieu kign cho cdc chit the sdng tgo vdn hda duac tu do, dan chd, binh ddng sdng tgo nghe thugt ddng gdp cho su PTCN dgt ddy du cdc tieu chi binh ddng, hieu qud, ben viing vd tham gia Thic nhdt, ndng cao hifiu qua cua edng tae quan ly Nha nuoc doi vdi cdc hoat ddng van hda van nghe, khai thac va phdt trien mgi sac thdi gia trj vdn hda vdn nghe cua cae tOc ngudi cgng ddng dan tge nham tao sy thdng nhat tinh da dgng va phong phu cua nen van hoa Viet Nam Phat trifin di doi vdi qudn Iy mang ludi thdng tin, xuat bdn, bdo chi, phdt tmyen hinh, difin anh vd ede hinh thtte nghfi thugt khdc, qua nang cao hieu bifit vd mtte hudng thy van hda cua nhan dan d mgi vung ddt nuoc, huong dan nhdn dan ve each song theo thuan phong my tuc, theo ky cuong xa hpi va lugt phdp nha nuoc Thic hai, thuc hifin cac bien phap dam bao dan chu, ty eho ngudi sang tao va hogt ddng van hoa, vun dap cac tdi ndng, khuyfin khieh cac sang tao van hpe, mgt mat phan anh edc nhan to raoi xa hgi, co vu cai tot edi dep quan he gitta nguoi vdi nguoi, gitta ngudi vdi xa hpi, vdi thien nhien va vdi bdn than, phfi phdn cai sai, len an cdi xau, edi dc, hudng tdi cdi thien Qua timg buoc dua cac ylu td vdn hda tinh than nhan van tham sau vdo cdc ITnh vyc ciia ddi song xd hgi ttng xtt gia dinh, trudng hpc, xa hpi cho dfin cac hoat dgng san xuat kinh doanh, cong tac lanh dgo vd qudn ly Thu ba, tilp tuc ddi mdi, tgo dieu kien thuan lgi cho sy phdt triln mgnh me, da dang eua van hge nghe thugt ve de tai, ngi dung, logi hinh, phuong phap sang tde, sy tim toi, thi nghifim, nang cao chat lupng todn dien nen vdn hgc nghe thugt nuac nha Khuyin khich vdn nghfi sT bdm sat thyc tien dat nudc, gan bo vdi cugc sdng cua nhan dan, bao ve, phat huy nhftng gidtiitiaiyenthong tdt dep ciia dan tge vd tifip thu tinh hoa van hoa nhdn logi, Ifin an, phe phdn khdng khoan nhugng nhimg tieu cye xdu xa dang edn trd sy phdt triln cua dit nuoc va ngudi Viet Nam Nghiin ciiu Con ngadi s66(69} 2013 25 Cdc kien nghive Xay dyng co che quan Iy va chl tai ngan ch^n, xu Iy eac hoat ddng sang tac, truyen ba nhirng san pham van hpe nghe thuat cd ngi dung, tu tudng, nghe thuat thap anh hudng xau tdi xa hpi, xay dung cac dac luat dieu chinh ITnh vyc van hpc nghe thuat, tnrdc mat sua ddi, bd sung Luat Bao chi, Luat Xuit ban Cd nhiing che tai nang cao trach nhiem tham djnh, danh gia, quyit djnh cdng bl, trinh diln, truyen ba cae tac pham dac bi?t tren he thdng thdng tin dai chimg, phat thanh, truyen hinh, djch vu bieu dien nghe thuat Thir tw, tiep tuc nghien cuu nham ddi mdi va phat trien Iy luan van hpc nghe thuat, khac phuc nhirng yeu kem keo dai ciia boat dpng ly luan phe binh van hgc nghe thuat; nang cao tinh khoa hgc, tinh thuyet phuc, gdp phin hudng dan dilu chinh sang tac, phe binh van nghe Ddi mdi va nang cao hieu qua cac boat ddng edng bl, gidi thieu, truyin ba cac tac pham tdt phuc vu ddng dao nhan dan khip ca nudc Nghien ciiu tilp thu cd chgn lgc qua ly luan van hgc nghe thuat dan tdc va thi gidi, van dung sang tao, lam phong phu ly luan van hpc nghe thuat Viet Nam hien dai, t?o mdi tnrdng, dilu kien thuan lpi cho mgi nang luc sang tao cd co hdi phdt huy, phit Uiln, khich le nhung tim tdi, tdn ttpng nhQng y kiln khac vl ly luan phe binh vSn nghe vi lgi ich chung va sy phat trien Ianh manh cua van nghe Phdi hgp tit luc lupng Iam cdng tac van hda dli ngoai, coi ttpng xay dung phat ttiln Iuc lugng djch gia van hgc nghe thuat dl nang cao chit lugng, hieu qua cua viec dua eac tac phim van nghe Viet Nam nudc ngoai phuc vu ddng bag va ban be quic tl Xay dyng co chl thim djnh tae phim cua nudc ngoai dua vao nudc ta Thli nam, nang cao chat lupng cac trudng dao tao van hpc nghe thuat; hoan thien chuang trinh, ngi dung giao ttinh ttong cac trudng cao ding, dai hgc giang day, dao tao van hge nghe thuat (sang tac, nghien cihi, ly luan, phe binh, bilu diln, chi huy, dao dien, ); soat, sira dli, bd sung cac chl chi'nh sach ddi vdi cdng tac dao tao, bdi dudng van nghe sT, dap ling yeu ciu dao tao djc thii ITnh vyc nay; ed kl hoach dao tao, bdi duong d nudc ngoai cae nang khilu, tai nang van hpc nghe thuat Xay dyng tieu chuSn va ca chl lya chpn, bl tti can bd lanh dao quan ly, tham muu linh vue van hgc nghS thuat cd du nang lyc, trinh dp, phim chit dam duong cdng viec Xay dyng, thuc hi?n chinh sach ttpng dung nhan tai, uu dai van ngh? sT ed qua ttinh cing hiln, cd iihiiu tdc pham tdt anh hudng tich cycttongxa hgi Thil sdu, cung cl, ddi mdi heat ddng cac hgi vSn hpc nghe thuat d Trung uong va dja phuang nham nang cao kha nang tap hgp, dgng vien phat huy tilm nang sang tao va phat trien ddi ngii van nghe sT cua hpi Cac hpi van hpc nghe thuat phai lam tdt vai ttd t4p hgp, doan ket, phat huy tinh chii dpng, tich cyc xa hdi, tai n5ng sang tao cua ddi ngu v5n ngh? si Nghien ciiu, hoan md hinh tl chiic va ho»t dgng cua hdi phu hgp vdi thoi ky mdi, khuyen khich tim tdi cac phuong thirc hoat ddng gin vdi thuc tiln cugc song Nang cao nang lyc, hieu qua quan ly nha nuoc ttong thuc hien Luat Sd hQu tti tu? bao V? quyen tac gia vSn hgc nghe thuyit Chinh phu cin nghien cihi, ban hanh nghj djnh 26 JVgMAl Clju Con ngudt s6 0(69} 2013 Mai Quynh Nam ve hOi vdn hgc nghe thuat, khdng dinh hgi la td chtte ehinh tri xa hgi nghe nghifip phuc vy sy nghiep each mgng cua dan tge va dgt dudi sy ldnh dao eua Dang, su quan ly ciia Nha nude, duge ddu tu cham lo eho su phdt trifin Nghifin ettu phuong thttc huy ddng cde nguon Iye cho boat dgng hpi theo hudng da dgng hoa va viec stt dung nguon lyc cac hgi mot cdch hgp ly, tao co hgi cho doi cdc tdc pham tot Xay dyng va doi mdi CO chfi chinh sach, che tai dieu ehinh viee Nhd nuoc ddt hdng mua tdc pham, to chttc sdn xuat, xuat ban, cong dien, trinh chifiu, trien Iam, tang thudng cac tdc pham van hgc nghg thugt co gid tri cao ve tu tuong va nghe thuat Tang cudng bien phdp xay dyng, phdt trien van nghfi quin ehiing, hudng dan, khuyen khieh quan chung tham gia sang tao, bdo tdn, tmyfin day va phat huy cde gid tri van hda, vdn nghfi tmyfin thdng eua ddn tde Kien nghi mpt s6 giai phdp ve xa hoi 4.1 Mpt so gidi phdp lien quan den an todn thuc phdm An todn thyc pham la mpt nhiing khau quan trgng lien quan din sttc khde nguoi Vi vay, xay dyng chinh sdeh an todn thuc pham, Chinh phtt cin dat mdi tuong quan chung vdi cde ehinh sach khac nhu an ninh, chat lugng va dinh duong thye phim phu hgp vdi cae yfiu cdu etta thdng Ifi quoc te Mgi van ban ludt va dudi Iuat can dugc thudng xuyfin ddnh gid vd sua doi de co the bdo vp ngudi ddn tot nhdt vd tgo dieu kien thuan lgi eho thuong mai qude tl Cac hogt dOng tra, kiem tia thyc pham can phdi dat sue khoe va loi ich ciia ngudi tieu dimg ban la mang tinh ehdt djnh ky Chinh phtt cung nfin co nhung ho trp cho cac nha sdn xuat vd thuang mai thyc phdm an todn de khuyen khich cac doanh nghifip eung eip vd chfi bien thye pham an toan cho cpng dong Chinh phu can cd chinh sach hd trg ngudi bdn le thyc pham va cdc doi tugng cung cap thyc pham nhim ban chfi toi da nhifim thyc phdm dudng Coi van de bdo dam an todn thye phdm Id thyc hien an ninh ngudi Viee kien todn eo ehe, dp dung cac phuong phap qudn ly khoa hgc ddm bao nghifim ngat tieu chuan an todn thuc pham chinh la ddm bao thyc hign quyen ngudi ndi chung vd an ninh ngudi ndi rifing vi su PTCNBV Cdc hanh vi vi pham an todn thye phdm can dupc coi la hanh vi vi pham phdp Iuat, vi pham dao due eon ngudi, vi pham quyfin ngudi, vi pham quyfin dupc song an ninh Iuong thyc, thyc phdm vd moi tmdng cua ngudi tieu dung 4.2 Mgt so gidi phdp lien quan din lao dpng viec ldm Nhd nudc cin nghien cttu, difiu chinh mot s6 chinh sach vl tao vigc lam Quan tam ddc bipt dfin nhttng nhdm Iao dgng khu vuc phi chinh thtte, lao dpng nong nghidp vira de hgn ehe Iuong di dan dang cang tdng vfi eac thj ldn, vua dam bdo 6n dinh kinh te, xa hOi cdc vung nong nghifip diem Hoan thi?n hg thong ASXH de ho tro cho nhiing nhdm xa hgi yfiu thi tmdc thien tai, djeh b?nh va su tdc dong ciia kinh te thj tmdng Cdc ehuong trinh tao viee lam, xoa ddi Nghiin cth/ Con ngudi s6i 6(69) 2013 yi Cdc kiin nghi vi gidm ngheo can duge ddu tu diing huang, diing mue de dat hieu qud gidm ti le that nghiep, ti lfi ngheo that sy Phdt triln he thdng ddo tgo nghfi, dgc biet Id ddo tgo nghe eho nu lao dpng nham phdt trifin ngudn lye eon ngudi, eoi day Id nguon Iuc co bdn vd ben viing eho phdt trifin kinh tfi - xa hgi moi dia phuang Ddi mdi phuang thuc ddo tao bdng each rang bupe cae doanh nghigp tham gia qud trinh dao tgo, nang cao cap bac ddo tgo nghe tdi bdc cao ddng, dgi hgc Lam tot cong tdc du bdo nhu cdu Iao dgng dl djnh hudng boat dpng ddo tgo nghe Nha nudc cdn ed chl tdi bdt huge eac doanh nghipp ldn, edc khu chfi xudt phdi cd diy du cde Co sd ting phue vu ddi sdng vat ehit eiing nhu tinh than cho ngudi lao dOng tmdc di vao hoat dOng nhu: nha d, nhd dn, khu tmng tam sinh hoat the dye, thi thao, nhd sinh hogt vdn hda, Nha nudc edn ed nhftng chinh sach cu thfi nham dam bao quyen lgi eho ngudi Iao dpng mat dat, tgo difiu kifin eho hp co viec lam dfi ddp ttng dugc cude sdng, hudng den phdt trien ben viing, han chfi nhiing bat binh dang, thifiu su bdo vfi va tifip can ve mat phdp Iy An toan vific lam Id mot ttong nhiing npi dung rat quan trgng eua cong bSng xd hpi ehinh sach Iao dgng va xa hpi vi nd lien quan dfin mdt nhOng quyen eo bdn ctta eon ngudi la quyen co vific Idm Dfi dam bdo cdng bang ve viec lam, phai tap trung thuc day tgo dtt vifie ldm vd md rgng co hgi co viec ldm eho ngudi lao dpng ed khd nang lao dpng vd cd nhu cau viec ldm, tien tdi vifie lam cd hifiu qua, ed ndng sudt vdi tien luong, tiln eong, thu nhap thda dang vd vifie lam duge tu lua chon, sau la vific lam ben vihig, cd tuih nhan vdn Mat khdc, phai tilp tuc phat triln ngudn nhan Iye, giai phdng sttc Iao dpng, ndng eao kha ndng eanh tranh cua lao dgng trfin thj tmdng dl md rpng co hpi eho mgi ngudi bang tu tao viee ldm va tun viee ldm tren thj tmdng lao dgng cin phat tiiln he thdng BHXH da dang va linh hogt nhdm dam bao mpi ngudi Iao dgng dfiu duoc tham gia BHXH Chinh sdch BHXH cho ngudi lao dgng IdraOttiong nhftng ehinh sdch xa hgi co ban lay ngudi lam tmng tdm, thye hign quyln eiia ngudi duge bdo hilmti-ongcdctirudnghgp rui roti-onglao dpng phu hgp vdi phat triln nen kinh tl thi tiudng dinh hudng xa hoi chu nghia Chinh sdeh BHXH phai ton trgng nguyen tie edng bdngti-ongddng - hudng, co chia se nii ro; binh ding, khong phan biet doi xu tiong cac quan he Iao dgng; tgo eo hgi eho moi ngudi lao dgng tham gia va lua chpn cac loai hinh BHXH phu hop BHXH duati-finco sd ddng - hudng phdi dam bdo tii va can doi thu - ehi eua quy, Nhd nude bdo ho quy BHXH bing ho tip ttt ngan sdch can thiet, bing chinh sdch uu dai dfi quy BHXH tham gia diu tu nhdm bdo toan va phdt triln quy bin vung Chien lupc phat trien Iao dong viee Iam phai dugc ddt mue tieu qu6c gia, trfin CO sd dat cde mue tieu ndng cao dilu kien Iao dpng, tgo cong dn vi?c Iam va eung cap thong tin, ciing nhu ca hoi dao tao nhdm dam bao cho ngudi lao dpng vd chu Iao dpng nhdn thttc duoc quyln va nghia vu cua minh tgi nai Idm vigc 28 Nghiin ciiu Con ngudf sd 6(69) 2013 Mai Quynh Nam 4.3 Mgt s6 gidi phdp liin quan den diddn tdi dinh cu gidi phong mat bang Quan diem an dan, cong bang xd hpi phdi dupe dat ngang vdi quan diem thue day tang tmdng kinh tfi Cdc chu tmong ve chinh trang thi, phdt triln co sd tang chi Id phuong tien de thyc hien rauc tieu Cdc ehinh sdeh kinh te xa hgi, qudn ly thj thudng c6 cdc tac dpng d cdc mtte khdc doi vdi tam ly xd hoi, vi vdy, qua trinh xay dyng vd td chttc thyc hien cdc chinh sdch- phdt trifin can cd nhung cong trinh nghien cttu danh gia tac dpng xa hpi va tam ly xd hgi de co su dieu chinh kjp thdi Cdch tilp can co sy tham gia ciia cpng ddng la phuang phdp thich hpp dl tao tam ly xa hOi thuan lgi cho viec quan Iy, phat trien thi cung nhu dap ung cdc nhu eiu, nguyen vgng ciia ngudi dan Vi vdy, nen phd bifin dp dung phuong phdp quy hogch phat trien tdng thj Gidi phdng mat bang tai cdc thdnh ldn edn xem xet din tong the quy hogch va phat triln thj, trdnh tmdng hgp nhu hifin nay, chi xdy dyng nhiing chung cu, biet thy chia 16 dfi dan d nhung khdng hfi gidn cdc try sd, cong sd khifin tinh trang iin tdc giao thong xdy nghiem trgng tai cac nut giao thong viing ven npi thanh, lam tdng chi phi giao thdng Ien rdt eao vd tdn hai thdi gian cung nhu sttc khde cua ngudi dan Cdc ehinh sdch giai toa, den bii tai dinh eu edn phdi dam bao cd lpi nhit eho ngudi dan va phai thgt sy dua van de tdi djnh cu vd hau tdi djnh cu vdo chuong trinh nghj sy eua ede dy dn, cdc quy hogch tong the phattiifindo thi lay ngudi dan lam trung tam Nha nudc can eo nhiing chfi tai dii manh de rd sodt Igi cac du an viec stt dung hifiu qud quy dat, ban ehe toi da ede du an treo tmdng hgp nhung dy an sau gidi phdng mat bang mgt nam ma khong dua vao thyc thi can bupc edc doanh nghiep, cac ehu ddu tu phai ehi trd tien stt dung dat, sd tien sir dung vao cae cong trinh ASXH cho ngudi dan viing mat dat Kien nghi mpt so giai phap ve giao due Thic nhdt, dfi dam bao moi ngudi dan dfiu co eo hgi binh ddng nhu tifip can gido due, nha nudc can tiep tuc phdt trifin mgng ludi cde loai tmdng (mam non, tilu hge, tmng hge) nhat la d nong thon, vttng sau, viing xa, vung dan tpc thieu sd Bfin canh do, d nhiing vung eung can phdi ddo tao them so giao vien de ddp ttng dugc nhu ciu ddo tgo Thu hai, tifip tuc nang cao ehdt Iupng va so lugng gido vifin cdc cap hgc Trong uu tien hirdc mat ddo tgo dgi ngu giao vifin mam non vd dgi hgc Cac phan tich eiia dl tai eho thay da ed sy "khung hodng" thieu dgi ngu giao vifin hai khoi giao due Trong dpi ngu gido vifin raara non co the nhanh ehdng tdng cudng so lugng ngdn hgn thi dpi ngu gidng vien dgi hgc khong the "mot sdm, mgt chieu" Lien quan dfin dpi ngu giao vien eiing cdn phdi de cap den viec nang eao mtte sdng bang vifie ddm bdo giao vien cdc khdi, nhdt la mam non va phd thong, cd thi sdng dugc vdi mtte luong nhd nude ehi trd Nghiin c(iu Con ngtldl s66(69) 2013 -Q Cdc kiin nghi ve Thu ba, cdn tao dilu kien dl ngudi dan tham gia ddnh gid tinh hifiu qud eua giao due Hifiu qua cua giao due tmdc hit dugc ddnh gid thdng qua tri thuc, khd nang hgi nhdp quoc tfi vd PTCN todn ven Thu tu, dl hudng dfin su bin virng giao due, nhd nudc edn tiep tuc cd nhiing chinh sdch nhu hpe bdng, tin dung hpc sinh, sinh vifin, cho hp gia dinh ngheo, gia dinh ehinh sdch vd nhirng gia dinh d viing kem phat trien, viing sdu, vung xa, nham tgo co hgi cho em tiep can gido due, nang cao kifin thuc Thu ndm, quy hoach Igi mang ludi cac trudng cao dang, dgi hge tren phgm vi todn qudc va timg vung kinh tl Chuyfin cac trudng dai hpc d trung tam vung ven vd hinh thdnh cdc tiung tam dai hpe eua tinh/thdnh phd Thudng xuyen kiem tia vd tra tdt ca cde tmdng dai hgc dl danh gid chit lupng dao tao vd qud trinh boat dgng Kifin quyit xda bo nhirng tmdng khong dam bao chdt lupng giao due vi mue tifiu giao due Thu sdu, chuong trinh dao tgo cung la mpt van de can duoc nghien cttu dfi co thfi dua mOt chuong trinh ddo tao phii hgp Trong do, gido due dai hpe cdn phai gdn liln vdi kien thuc thyc tien Kien nghi cac giai phap ve y te Thic nhdt, ndng cao linh cong hdng vd ben vicng Tang NSNN eho y te de dam bdo nhu cau CSSK cho mgi ngudi Nhd nudc cdn tifip tuc tang chi NSNN cho y te, phan dau chi thudng xuyen cho y tl dgt 10% tdng ehi NSNN hing ndm Hudng phdn bd, qudn Iy va stt dung NSNN cho y tl cin ddm bao tinh edng bing vl vttng mien va gifta eac nhdm thu nhgp khdc xa hgi Cu thfi, viee phan bd NSNN ein uu tifin vttng ngheo, vttng kho khdn, y tl eo sd, y tl dy phdng, ngudi ngheo va can ngheo Huy dpng va su dung cd hifiu qua eac ngudn lyc tdi ehinh eua vien trp nude ngoai va ctta xa hgi eho y tl BHYT: Lya chgn he thong y tl dya tren BHYT todn dan da dupe Qudc hpi thdng qua ndm 2009 Song, Qudc hgi mdi chi thong qua Ludt BHYT vdi djnh hudng BHYT todn dan, chua dl cap tdi mgt he thdng y tl dya tren BHYT toan dan Viet Nam phdi lya chpn he thong y tfi dam bdo su edng bdng, hifiu qud vd phdt triln Xu thi giai quyfit vdn dl hien la dya tien BHYT todn dan Thu hai, ndng cao tinh hieu qud qudn ly, su dung ngudn nhdn lice y ti He giai phdp nang cao tinh hieu qud ein tinh den "kit qua diu ra" la dpi ngu cdn bp y tfi cd ve so lupng va ehdt lupng va "ylu td diu vao" bao gdm cac ehuong tiinh, hinh thuc dao tgo nhan lyc y tfi Thu ba, ndng cao tinh chit thi khuyin khich sy: tham gia cua cdc cdp cdc thdnh phdn to chitc vd ddc biet Id cpng ddng cdc hogt dpngy ti Ndng cao tinh chtt thfi cua nhd nudc viec ehi dgo, ban hdnh vd thyc thi chiln lugc vd chinh sach vl y tl Cu thi, ede vdn kign Dgi hpi Dang, van bdn luat va van bdn 30 Nghiin ciiu Con ngudf s66(69) 2013 Mai Quynh Nam dudi luat cdn dupc ban hanh nhdm gidi quyet cae van de sinh thye tien, cung nhu nham giai quyfit cderauctieu co bdn ve sue khde md thi gidi hudng tdi Cde eo quan qudn ly y te cdp dia phuang cdn nang cao tinh ehu thfi viee ban hdnh vd thyc thi ehinh sach, phu hop vdi bdi cdnh, difiu kien kinh tfi - xd hgi, phong tuc tap qudn tai cac dja phuong Duy tri va tdng cudng vai trd ciia edc to chuc, doan thi nhu Hpi phu nu, Hpi chtt thdp dd nhim tuyfin tmyln, phd biln, ldng ghep cae chuong trinh vd cdc hoat dgng y tl thong qua cdc hoat dgng ctta Hgi tai co sd Bfin eanh do, huy dpng sy tham gia cua cac td chttc xa hgi ddn sy khdc nhu cdc td chuc NGOs, cac td chttc thien nguyen viec day mgnh edc boat dgng nhdm cham sdc vd bdo \e sttc khde cua ngudi ddn, ddc biet Id nhom yeu the xa hgi Kien nghi cac giai phap ve moi trirdng Thic nhdt, ed tim nhin tdng thfi, toan dien va dai han tiong viec hoaeh djnh ehinh sdch vfi qudn ly tai nguyen vd bao ve moi trudng Nghien ettu van dung, dp dung phuong thue qudn ly tong hgp, tifip can sinh thai, edc phuong phdp, mo hinh, tieu chuin tien tiln, diy mgnh ttng dung tiln bg khoa hgc va cong nghfi quan ly tai nguyen vd bdo ve moi tmdng Xdy dung va hodn thifin he thong phap luat va chinh sach bao ve moi tmdng theo nguyen tac "ngdn ngtta hanh vi xam hai moi tmdng" va "ngudi gay nhiem moi tmdng phdi trd tifin thoa dang" Ddc bifit, edn ban hanh nhung quy djnh rd rdng vfi cdc mue phgm tpi mdi trudng, bao gdm ca tpi danh hinh sy Hoan thifin quy trinh, thu tuc hogt dpng tu phdp, hoat dgng tra difiu tra, xtt phgt, to tung ddi vdi cdc hdnh vi vi pham phdp ludt vfi moi tmdng Thu hai, thiic day viec van dung cac nguyfin ly kinh tfi, nhanh chong hodn thifin eo che thj tmdng qudn ly tai nguyfin vd bao vfi moi tmdng, theo xay dyng thfi che quan ly tai nguyen va bao ve moi trudng dong bp vdi the chfi kinh tfi thj tmdng dinh hudng xa hpi chu nghTa Thyc sy coi tai nguyfin, moi tmdng id nhiing ngudn lyc cang khan hifim, can phdi hach todn toan dien, ddy du vd chi tifit, coi bdo ve mdi trudng la thude mue dp hieu qua va tinh ben vung etta cde hoat dgng kinh te Cu the la cdn gap nit hodn thien he thong thue chat che vd cd hieu lye cao ve mdi tmdng va tai nguyfin thay eho cdc logi phi nhu hifin nay; phat trifin eac thj tmdng chiing ehi phdt thdi, djch vu moi tmdng, Xdy dung cac quy djnh mang tinh chat phdp ly dfi hudng ngudi dan tii vific mien cuong den ty nguyen, tao thoi quen thu gom, phan loai rdc nhu da ldm ddi vdi vific dpi mu bdo hiem Thic ba, cung co bg mdy quan ly nha nudc ve moi tmdng, nhat la d cap tinh, huyfin, xa Cd su phan cong va phoi hgp ehdt che gifta eac cap, eac nganh vfi quan ly tdi nguyen, moi trudng, han che chong cheo trach nhiem, dong thdi gidm thilu nhiing ke hd Tdng cudng nhdn luc ehuyen trdch, co tinh chuyen nghiep eao vl moi tmdng Xay dyng lye lugng eanh sat mdi tmdng mgnh ve chuyen mon, nghiep vu, vdi chttc nang Nghiin ciiu Con ngudi sS6(69) 2013 Cdc kiin nghi vi quyfin han rd rdng dii dfi thi hanh nhifim vu Thu tu, kit hgp tang cudng ddu tu nha nudc va xa hpi hoa hoat dpng bao vfi moi tmdng Ldng ghep myc tieu bao vfi mdi trudng, stt dung hieu qud tai nguyen, giam thifiu tdc dpng biln ddi hgu vao cac chifin lugc, chinh sdch, du an phdt tiifin kinh tfi - xd hgi Tao cdn bdng sinh thai cho cac thj bing cac vanh dai xanh vd he thong ho nudc LTu tien cho boat dpng nghien cttu, ddnh gid moi trudng, phdt trien cong nghe vd hgp tac quoe tfi ve kinh tfi hoa ngdnh tai nguyfin, mdi tmdng Thti ndm, ddi vdi cdc khu cdng nghiep, cin kien quyit thyc hien dttng phdp ludt vfi moi tmdng, bit bupc phai cd he thdng xtt ly ehdt thdi tap tnmg, diing quy djnh, xu phgt, tham chi tiuy td cdc doanh nghiep kinh doanh, khu cdng nghiep vi pham phap luat vfi mdi tmdng 77iif sdu md rpng vai trd kilm scat dan sy eua ngudi dan va cgng ddng doi vdi van dl nhifim radi tmdng Nang cao hon nfta vai tro ciia cac phuong tien truyfin thdng dai chiing vd du luan xa hdi Thif bdy, tdng cudng hgp tdc vdi cdc quoc gia va cac to chuc qudc tfi edc chuang trinh bdo ve moi tmdng, chdng bien doi hdu, gidm phat thai nha kinh, Tai lieu tham khao Amartya Sen (2002), Phdi trien Id quyen tu do, Vien Nghien ciiu quan ly Kinh tl trung ircmg, Nxb Thdng ke Nguyin Hdng Anh & cgng sir, Nhi^m vu cap Vien: "Tinh hlnh nghien cttu phat triln ngirdi den nam 2007" Dang Qudc Bao (Chu bien) (2008), Nghien cim chi so phdi triin ngie&i (HDI) cita Bp K I hoach va Ddu tu (2006), Ki hogch phdi triin kinh ti - xd hoi ndm 2006 - 2010, CIEM, Trung tam Thdng tin tu lieu, "Thuc hien tien bg va cdng bdng xl hgi tiong Viet Nam, Nxb Chinh tij Quoc gia, Bg K I hoach va Ddu tu, thang chinh sach phat trien" Pham Minh Mac (2006), "'Gido dttc vi ngudi ngheo, viphdt triin ben vimg ngudi vd kinh li' xa hpi", Tgp chi Nghien cuu Con ngudi, sd Dao Thj IVlinh Hucmg (2009), "Mdi trudng vd phdt triin ngudi: mot so vdn di ly ludn vd thitc liin a Viet Nam ", Tap chi Khoa hpc Xd hpi, sd 32 Nghiin ciiU Con ngudi s66(69) 2013 Mai Quynh Nam Mai Quynh Nam (Chu bien) (2009), Con ngudi: Vdn hoa quyin vdphdt triin, Nxb Tir dien Bach khoa Ha Npi Trinh Thi Kim Nggc (2009), Con ngudi va van hoa - Tir ly lugn din thuc tiin phdt trien, Nxb Khoa hoc Xa hpi 10 Ho ST Quy (2007), Con ngudi vd phdt triin ngudi,'Hxh Giao due Ha Ngi 11 Tdng cyc Thdng ke (2009), Bdo cdo phdt triin ngudi ndm 2009: "Vupt qua rao can: Sy djch chuyin va phat triln cua ngudi" 12 Tong cyc Thdng ke (2009), Kit qud khdo sdt mice song ho gia dinh ndm 2008, Nxb Thong ke 13 Nguyin Dinh Tudn (2009), "Phat tiien ccn ngudi Viet Nam thdi ky ddi mdi: tir quan diem din hanh dpng" Tap chi Nghien cicu Con ngudi s6 14 Vien Khoa hgc Xa hpi Viet Nam (2006), Bdo cdo phdt triin ngudi "Phat triln ngudi Vi$t Nam 1999 - 2004: Nhitng thay ddi va xu hudng chti ylu", Nxb Chinh tri Qudcgia, Ha Npi 15 Vien Khoa hpc Xa hpi Viet Nam (1999), Phdt triin ngirdi tic nhdn thm: t&i hdnh dpng, Nxb Chinh tri Quoc gia Ha Ngi Nghiin ciiu Con ngudi s6 6(69) 2013 ... ngudi s66(69) 2013 Mai Quynh Nam Mai Quynh Nam (Chu bien) (2009), Con ngudi: Vdn hoa quyin vdphdt triin, Nxb Tir dien Bach khoa Ha Npi Trinh Thi Kim Nggc (2009), Con ngudi va van hoa - Tir ly... ngudi Viet Nam thdi ky ddi mdi: tir quan diem din hanh dpng" Tap chi Nghien cicu Con ngudi s6 14 Vien Khoa hgc Xa hpi Viet Nam (2006), Bdo cdo phdt triin ngudi "Phat triln ngudi Vi$t Nam 1999 -... Nghien cuu Con ngudi, sd Dao Thj IVlinh Hucmg (2009), "Mdi trudng vd phdt triin ngudi: mot so vdn di ly ludn vd thitc liin a Viet Nam ", Tap chi Khoa hpc Xd hpi, sd 32 Nghiin ciiU Con ngudi s66(69)
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