Một số vấn đề lý luận về quản lý xã hội tổng thể.pdf

10 Xah9ihQcs6 3C127),2014 M O T SO VAN DE LY LUAN VE QUAN LY XA HOI TONG THE PH4M MINH ANH" Bat van de Trong bii canh toan ciu hoa hien nay, xa hgi da co rat nhiiu thay doi va doi hoi mgt each tiep can moi ve xa hgi va quan ly xa hoi Nhieu nha nghien ciiu cho rang, nen tdp trung nhieu hon vao viec phan tich, nghien cihi chii de "quan ly xa hgi" theo each nhin "tong the", "toan can hoa", hay each nhin vT mo Ly la tir lau da ton tai nhitag cai ggi la "chan ly m^c nhan" tu cua khong it ngudi thugc gidi khoa hgc vd gidi lanh dao, quan ly (Le Nggc Hung, 2010) Chang hfin, khong it ngudi cho rang tai Vi|t Nam da co xa hdi hgc quan ly, h o ^ da c6 nhieu khoa hgc ve quan ly nhu: quan tn hgc, quan ly xa hgi, quan ly kinh te, quan ly giao due, quan ly van hoa, quan ly nha nude, va tam ly hgc quan ly, vay thi cin gi phai noi din va phat trien mgt thii "quan ly xa hgi tong the" Ciing CO mgt "chan ly mac nhan" khac xuat phat tir tu quy nap cho ring niu hieu dugc quan ly timg bg phan cua jca hgi thi se hieu dugc quan ly ca ting thi xS h^i cin ghi nhan ring mgt si huong nghien ciiu chuyen sau vi quan ly timg bg phan hay timg ITnh vuc ciia xa hgi nhu vay da phat trien rat manh, din din hidn tugng "thiy cay ma khong thiy rung" Co ngudi quan niem ring, xa hgi ching qua la mgt he thing ti chiic, quan ly gidi mgt ti chiic nhd la co thi quan ly mgt ti chiic Idn hem, va tit do, cd thi quan ly ca mgt xa hgi Da cd nhiiu bang chiing thuc ti vi nhitag he luy xa hgi tit nhitag quan niem "chan ly mac nhan" nhu vay Khai nifm xa hdi Pham tni xa hgi bao ham ca nghia rdng va nghia hep khac va luon d s\i tuong tac bien chiing Xa hgi theo nghia rpng la chinh thi, h( IhSng, loan bp cac mat, cac linh vuc, cac cau true ciia timg phin tu hgp va djnh vi chiing mgt ciu tnic Idn toan the, lich sii van dgng, phat triin va biin dii cua ca he thing Idn Do ciing la cau tnic rgng Idn, co tinh v$t chit, phan biet no vdi tu nhien, moi trudng tu nhien, no la tit ca cac linh vuc cua ddi sing Cac ITnh vuc thuong dugc di cSp din la kinh ti, chinh tri, xa hgi, van hoa, hgp mgt he thing ciu triic ting thi xa hgi theo nghia hep la chiiu canh xa hoi ciu tnic ting thi Nghien cihi xa hgi theo righla rgng 14 nghien ciiu toan bO ciu tnic xa hgi, tim cSn nguyen sau xa ciia mgi bien doi Ijch sit xa hgi, chinh la can nguyen kinh ti, san xuit vat 75 Vien Xa hoi hoc Hoc vi$n Chinh trj qudc gia Hi Chi Minh Phgm Minh Anh U chat Kinh te dong vai trd quyet dinh nhung thuong chi la quyet dinh cuoi ciing va xet den cung ma thoi, chii khong bao gid la nhan to quyet dinh nhat Nghien ciru xa hgi theo nghia hep dugc gitii han d mat, phuong dien hay ITnh vuc xa hgi cua cau triic xi hgi ting the No nhu la mgt phan he cua he thing, la he he Idn Do cung la nghien ciiu mgt lat cat cai phi rgng Idn cua ting thi xa hgi No CO the bao gim: - Truoc het, la cac van de xa hoi ddi song cua ngudi va cong ding dan cu, tir viec lam, thu nhap, miic sing, nha d, giao thong, giao due, y te, gia dinh, dao diic, loi song, gidi va mii quan he giila cac thi he vdi rit nhiiu he qua xa hgi nhu: te nan xa hgi, tgi pham, doi ngheo, phan hoa giau ngheo, bit binh ding xa hgi, xung dgt xa hgi - Chinh sach xa hgi va an sinh xa hgi: trg cip xa hgi, phiic Igi xa hgi, bao hiim y ti, bao hiSm lao ddng, trg cip thit nghiep, trg cip riii ro va nhimg dii tugng thua thiet phat trien - Cac bien doi xa hgi, bao gim nhimg hien trang va xu hudng biin dii hoac tich cue, hojc tieu cue, thu^n hay nghjch dii vdi tiin bg va phat triin (Hoang Chi Bao, 2013) Quan niem ve quan ly xa hoi Theo each Hep can cu, quan ly xa hgi chii yeu la quan ly cac ti chiic, quan ly cac linh vuc xa hgi, khia canh xa hgi (tiing Anh: Social management) Theo each tiep cgn mai, quan ly xa hgi tong thi (tiing Anh: Societal Management hoac Management of Society) (Le Nggc Himg, 2010 : 21) khong chi bd hep pham vi to chiic, nganh, linh vuc ma md rgng sang tong the xa hgi, d ti chiic, nganh, linh vuc chi la mgt bg phan, ti cua no Vi vay, quan ly xa hgi dugc hiiu la quan ly toan the xa hgi Sir khac gii^ quSn 1^ XS h9i \k quan ly xa h$i tdng th£ Md hinh quin I^ Myc tiSu QuSn ly to chuc, doanh nghiep Qudn ly xa h$i tSng thS, (vi du rngt nh^ m^v) (vi dy mgt phd) T5ng Igi nhuan, nSng suat, chat lugng, hi^u Cai thiSn chdt lugng cugc s6ng ciia nguoi dan quS lao ddng Doi tugng Site lao dgng, h^nh vi lao ddng va quan hg xS Hanh vi, boat d^ng, quan hg, cac qua trinh hgi cua ngucd lao d^ng pham vi t6 churc xa h6i ciia nguiri dan, nh6m, to chiic pham vi cgng dong Cdc ci nhSn, nh6m vi6n cua t6 chijrc cac ca nhan, gia dinh, nh6m, giai t^ng xS vS t6 chu-c h$i va cac to chii'c voi tu cdch la cac bg Khdch thi phan cau thinh ciia cgng dong xa hgi vi cgng d6ng xa h$i Khung thai eian Thfiri gian lao dgng diit doan gi6/ngay, ngiy/tuan Nguon: Le NgQC Himg, 2010: 104 Thoi gian sinh song lien tyc 24 giir/ngay, Tngay/tuSn 12 Mot so van de ly ludn ve Nhihig nhan ti thiic diy vi^c hinh quan diem quan ly xa hoi tong the Xu htf&ng toan cau hoa va hgi nhap qudc te Day la mgt xu hudng phi biin, dang cd anh hudng tdi hau het cac quoc gia tren the gidi, dac biet la nhung nude dang phat triin Tuy nhi6n, nhieu nghi§n ciiu cho thay, ben canh nhitag mat tich cue, toan ciu hoa va hgi nhap quoc ti cd nhitag tac dgng tieu cue, nhit la dii vdi cac quic gia ngheg va cac nhom xa hgi yeu the Day la mgt nhan to thiic day hudng tiep can quan ly xa hgi tong the Khoa hgc cong nghe tdc dong toi ddi song xa hgi Thit nhdt, khoa hgc va cong nghe thiic day tien bg xa hgi Khoa hgc va cong nghe dang tac ddng true tiep va manh me tdi ddi song xa hgi Hiu het cac ITnh vuc cua ddi song xa hgi deu cd dau an ciia khoa hgc va cong nghe, dac biet la cong nghe thong tin, truyen thong va ky thu^t so Nha tutmg lai hgc Alvm Toffler (1992) da phan tich sir phat trien cua xa hgi loai ngudi dua vao su tac d0ng cua khoa hgc va cong nghg Thic hai, khoa hgc va cong nghe lam xoa nhoa nhiing ranh giai giita cdc thiil chi xd hgi Dudi tac dgng eua khoa hgc va cong nghe, xa hgi biin dii theo nhiiu chiiu canh khac nhau, cac thiet che xa hgi ciing bi tac dgng va thay dii Ranh gidi pham vi giira cac thiet che nhu nha nude, thi trudng, van hoa dang cang trd nen "md" hem Viec quan ly xa hgi theo timg ITnh vuc (thiit chi), vi vay, cimg cin dugc md rgng theo hudng tiep c ^ quan ly xa hgi tong the Van de ly luan ciia quan ly xa hoi tong the •t.l Khung hoang ly luan vi quan ly va doi hoi quan ly kiiu mdi Ben canh nhitag van di thuc tiln cua quan ly, ly luan vi quan ly ciing dang cd su khiing hoang Hau het cac ly thuyit vi quan ly xa hgi ndi chung va quan ly cac linh vuc cu the hi$n diu khong giai quyet dugc cac vin di ciia th^e tien dat Theo Peter Drucker (2003), cha de ciia khoa hgc quan ly thi khiing hoang ly luan vi quan ly cd nguin gic tir vi& cac nha nghien ciiu da dat cac mjc dinh cd tinh nguyen tic cua quan ly nhu: quan ly la quSn ly kinh doanh; chi cd - hojc phai cd - mgt co ciu ti chile nhit dung; chi cd hoac phai cd - mgt each nhit diing di quan 1^ ngudi Mac dinh thu nhdt: Quan ly la quan ly kinh doanh Tuy nhien, ciirig theo Peter Drucker, tren th\ic ti, viec ap dung cac ly thuyit quan 1^ dau tien vao thuc tiln khong phm la linh v\rc kinh doanh ma la linh vuc phi lot nhu|n va co quan cua chinh phu Ngay ca cong viec diu tien ma nha quan ly thuc hien nhu hifn khong phai ap dung kinh doanh ma la quan ly phi (City management) Dai hgi Quan ly diu tien, tai Praha nam 1922 khong phai gidi kinh doanh to chiic Cd the thay ring, quan ly la quan ly kinh doanh da dugc mac dinh gidi quan ly va khoa hgc quan ly dan din tinh trang hiiu khong diing vi quan ly, Mac dinh thu 2: Co mgt mo hinh td chiic nhdt diing Phgm Minh Anh ]3 Hau hit cac ly thuySt ve quan ly va t6 chuc deu c6 g4ng chi mgt mo hinh nhat diing t6 chiic va quan ly Ban dau cac ly thuyet to chuc, quan ly tap trung vao xay dung mo hinh t6 chiic theo chiic nang va quan ly theo chiic nSng nhu Henri Fayol, John J Rockefeller, J.P Morgan Sau nay, cac ly thuyet ve quan 1^ va t6 chiic da chiing minh rang khong co m6 hinh to chiic nhat diing Nhiing nguoi chu thuyet phi tap trung hoa t6 chiic da dua khai niem "nhom lam viec" nhu la mot mo hinh to chiic nhat diing Luon ton tai cac mo hinh t6 chiic khac nhau, doi voi mot s6 loai hinh nghien ciiu doi hoi mpt to chiic theo chiic nang nghiem nggt, mot so khac doi hoi tinh dong doi Do do, to chiic theo mo hinh nao phu thuoc vao cac loai hinh nghien cihi va tinh chat cua cong vi?c Peter Drucker nhSn dinh: "Viec tin ring phai co mot co cku t6 chiic rihk diing gan voi sai lam cho rang quan ly la quan ly kinh doanh Neu nhihig nha nghien ciiu quan ly thai truac khong bi che mat boi sai lam ma nhin vao viec quan ly cac t6 chiic phi kinh doanh thi ho da sam phat hien thay co sir khac biet Ion ca cdu t6 chiic thuoc vao ban chit cua cong vi?c" (Drucker, 2003: 17) V4n dh la ca cdu to chiic phai phii hop voi chiic vy ciia no M4c dinh thu 3: Co moi each diry nhdt dung de quan ly nguoi C6 m6t gia dinh quan ly theo nghia hep: "Co mot each nhat diing de quan ly ngufri hoac it phai co mot each nhu the" (Drucker, 2003: 25) Gia dinh t6n tai kha ISu, tir sau The chien thii I den Hau het cac tai li?u nghien cihi ve quan ly nguoi dSu nhan manh di^u n^y Douglas McGregor cuon "Khia canh nhan ban cua doanh nghiip" (1960) da khSng dinh rang vi^c quan ly nguoi phai lira chon giiia hai va chi CO hai each khac ma thoi, la "Ly thuyet X" va "Ly thuyet Y" Sau tac gia khang dinh chi co ly thuyet Y la nhat diing Cac nha quan ly thuong cho rang, lam viec cho mot to chiic la lam viec ca va tro nhflng ngucd le thupc vao cuoc song va nghe nghiep cua minh (Drucker, 2003: 26) Tuy nhiSn, thirc xi cho thSy, voi tac dpng cua su phat tridn cua khoa hgc va cong nghe, lao dgng hien doi hoi co trinh cao, hay ggi la lao dgng tri thiic Nhihig loai hinh lao dgng hoan toan khong phu thugc vao to chiic hoac van la vien cua t6 chiic nhung cang it phu thugc vao no Tren th\rc te, cac mgc dinh \h quan ly tren dang khong phu hgp moi truong quan ly hi|n dai Cac ho^t dgng quan ly cac van de, cac ITnh vuc ngoai kinh doanh da khong hieu qua va ban than quan ly kinh doanh ciing gap phai nhiiu thach thiic Nhimg vdn de dang cho thay co sir khung hoang ly luan \h quan ly 4.2 Cdc tiip cgn ly thuyet ciia quan ly xa hgi tdng thi 4.2.1 HQC thuyet Mdc-xit ve quan ly xa hgi long thi Chu nghia Mac, tir dau da rat quan tam tai van de lam thi nao dl xa hoi loai nguoi dat den trinh phat trien "hoan bi", van de phat trien nguoi dugc dac 14 Motsdvdn dilylugnve biet quan tam Hgc thuyit Hmh thai kinh ti - xa hgi chinh la mgt tiip can tdng the va da dugc cac nha kinh diin Mac-xit luu tam nghien ciiu, luto giai Phep biln chung vat - Hgc thuyit vi quan ly xd hgi tdng the Tren co so phep bien chiing sieu hinh cua Hegel, Mac da phat triin phep bien chitag vat, van dung no di phan tich su hinh va phat trien cua lich su xa hgi loai ngudi Til hgc thuyit vi chu nghia vat lich sOt da hinh nhu mgt hgc thuyit vi su phat Uien xa hdi ting the Quan ly xa hgi tdng thi dua tren quan ly suphdn tang xd hgi Quan ly xa hgi ting thi duateen3 mii quan h? giila cae giai cip, tang Idp xa hgi: quan he vi sd hita tu lieu san xuit xa hgi, quan he vi to chiic cong viec, quan he vi phan phii san phim lam Trong ba mii quan he nay, quan he vi sd hiiu tu lieu san xuit xa hSi la co ban, quan ttgng nhat quyit dinh cac mii quan h$ khac Theg Mac, su tin tai chi sd him tu nhan ve tu lieu san xuat da tao su khac biet phto phoi san phim, nen tit yiu din din su khac biet vi tai san giila cac nhdm xa hgi, vi vay sinh su phan chia xa hgi cac giai cip Diiu quan trgng teong quan ly xa hgi la phai eg cai nhin ting thi di hudng tdi xa hgi khong cd su phan chia giai cap, khong cd ap biic bde lot 4.2.2 Thuyit he thdng tdng quit vi hanh dgng xd hgi Tiip can h^ thing xa hgi ting thi da dugc Talcott Parsons de cap tCr nua dau the ky 20 vdi cac tac phim nii tiing nhu Cdu triic cua hanh dgng xd hgi (1937) va mgt so tac phim vixa hgi hgc khac nhu ife thong xa hgi (1951); Tien toi mgt ly thuyet tong qucit ve hanh dgngxd hgi (1951) (Le Nggc Himg, 2002: 203) Quan ly xd hgi tong the Id quan ly /if thong xd hgi theo chiic nang Theo Talcott Parsons, quan ly xa hgi phai dugc hieu la quan ly ting the, nhin nhan xa hgi nhu la mgt he thong co cau true va chiic nang Ong cho rang, quan ly xa hgi tdng thi chinh la ddi tugng nghien cuu cua xa hgi hgc Parsons viet "xa hdi hgc nghien cHu chi mgt khia canh, chii yeu la khia canh chiic nang cua h? thdng xa hdi, m^ chinh la nghien ciru cac cau tnic va qua trinh co lien quan dSn su lien ket cac he thong nay" (Capitonov, 200: 157) Ong dung khai niem he thdng va cau triic gin nhu tuong duong vdi y nghia la he thing cd cau tnic, va ca he thing va ciu true diu cd chung phan nhat dinh 4.2.3 Thuyit quan ly hon don ky nguyen bdt dinh Cac nghien ciiu vi xa hgi hien dai cho thay, dudi tac d$ng ciia khoa hgc va cong nghe, toe thay ddi ciia cac hien tugng xa hgi cang nhanh va doi xa hgi gan nhu dang tin tai d ttang thai bit dmh (Helga Nowotny, Peter Scott, Michael Gibbons,1992: 24) Hau het tit ca mgi thii deu diin rit nhanh chdng va khd cd thi thiy tnrdc Chinh vi vay, viec sii dung cac md hinh quan ly, phuong phap quan ly kieu cO khong phii hgp vil khong dat dugc kit qua nhu mong muin TCr dd, cac nha khoa hgc quan ly thiy ring, quan iy xa hgi phai dua tren quan ly hdn d^n ky nguyen bit dinh Phgm Minh Anh 15 Day la mgt ly thuyet dugfc phat trien tren co so ly thuyet he thong (Jamshid Gharajedaghi, 2005), huong vao viec quan ly xa hgi khong dua tren ca sa cac ITnh vuc cua doi song xa hgi ma huong vao quan ly nhiing van de co tinh bien xay o mgi ITnh vuc ciia dai song xa hgi Sir bien ciia ly thuyet quan ly hon don mang ham y ca ve khoa hgc va chinh tri (Helga, 2009: 24) Thu nhdt, ly thuyet cho thay cac chuyen gia truoc day dugc ky vgng la biet ve mgi thii, nhung chat nhan khong phai nhu vay, khoang each chinh tri giiia nguoi cam quyen va nguoi duoi quyen bi nit ngan lai va ton ti trat tir bi lung lay Thu hai, ly thuyet cho thay moi quan he gifia quyet djnh luan va kha nang tien doan bi pha vo Trong dieu kien bat dinh, vi|c quan ly khong the dua vao nhung mo hinh da ton tai, ciing nhu nhihig tien doan cua ly luan thuan tiiy, ma doi hoi phai dua tren dac diem ciia xa h6i tong the de co the ling voi nhimg yeu to bat dinh va hon don xa hgi Ly thuyet quan ly hon don kh6ng chi nhin nhan xa hgi nhu mgt he thdng voi cac bg phan cAu va chiic nang cua cac bg phan do, ma nhin nhan xa hgi nhu mgt he thdng t6ng the voi deic trung co tinh nguyen tic sau Sffd^: cac d^c trung cua hi thdng t5ng thi J^ Tinh mcr [ Y Tinh chu dinh Tinh da V chieu / /^ Dac ( tinh Vw trgi \ / ^Jinh phan true V^ cam Nguon: Gharajedaghi, 2005: 82 Mgt nhung yeu cau ciia quan ly moi truong h6n don la viec xac djnh he thong phai dua tren dac tnmg co tinh nguyen tac tren va cac dac trung co m6i quan h? tuong tac voi Tinh ma ciia he thing doi hoi viec nhin nhan nhimg vSn dl cua he thing, va nhung bg phgn ciia no khong chi moi quan h? ben he thong ma ca nhimg moi quan h? voi moi trucmg ben ngoai Tren co so co thi xac dinh dugc tl nao, bg phan 16 Mgt s6 van di ly ludn ve nao cd thi kiim soat dugc va bg phan nao khong kiem soat dugc mii quan he vdi moi trudng ben ngoai Mac du cac yiu td khong thi kiim soat dugc thi ciing cd the tien lugng dugc it nhiiu Tinh chii dinh doi hdi viec quan ly Ua loi cau hdi "tai hg lam nhitag vi$c hg lam?" Di tra loi cau hdi cin phai dua trSn co sd phan tich yiu t i quyet djnh ciia dii tugng Din lugt no, viec quyet dinh lai phy thu^c vao nhitag phan tich, can nhic giOa yeu td: ly tri, cam xuc va van hoa Tinh da chiiu, la mgt nhitag dac tnmg quan trgng cua quan ly xa hgi ting thi, no ddi hdi phai cd nang lire nhin nhan rd nhitag quan he bd sung cac xu hudng doi lap va tao dung cac ting thi kha thi tir cac bg phSn bat kha thi (Jamshid Ghadajedaghi, 2005: 99) Dae trung nhin nhan quan ly nhu mgt qua trinh tham gia vag mgt cupc choi ma cd "ting Igi ich bang 0" (Avinash K Dixit - Bary J Nalebuff, 2006: 100) (Ting Khong), tiic la ben dugc thi ben mat Tinh hgp trgi, la dac trung sinh qua trinh cae bg p h ^ ciia he thdng tuong tac vdi No cho thay, mac dii h8 thdng cd nhiSu bd phan khong tuong thich, t h ^ chi la mau thuan, nhung nhimg d$c tnmg trOi ciia h^ thdng, qua tuong tac lai cho phep cae bg phan khac ket hgp lai mgt h? thdng dn dinh Day la dac trung cua h^ thdng tdng the chii khong phai cua cac bg phan cau rieng le Cuoi cung, tinh phan true earn ham y cac hanh dgng thuc hien vdi dung y sinh mgt ket cue mong muon, nhung tren thuc te lai cd the lam phat sinh nhitag he qua doi Idp Vi v§y quan ly tong the, moi budc di deu cd thi cho kit qua nhu mong muon, ddng thdi nd ciing co the lam phat sinh nhitag he qua khac ddi lap vdi nhimg dieu mong mudn Ndi tdm lai, theo quan diem ciia ly thuyit quan ly hdn don, hoat dgng quan ly khong the theo cac mo hinh da cd ma phai dugc nhin nhan theo nhan quan cua tu h? thdng quan tri hdn ddn Nhin n h ^ bit ky dii tugng quan ly nag cung cin dua tten h$ thing ting thi vdi dac trung cd tinh nguyen tic cua no 4.2.4 Tiip cgn tdng the quan ly xShgi Tiip can ting thi quan ly xa hgi (tiing Anh: Holistic approach to social management) la mgt hudng tiip can quan ly mdi xa hdi hien dai, dugc xay dung va phat trien bdi cac td chiic phi chinh phu, phi Igi nhutn Ban diu, tiip can dugc sil dung nghien ciiu va quan ly cac nguin luc nong nghiep nhim hudng tdi su phdt triin bin vitag vdi ba tru cdt kinh ti, xa hgi vd moi trudng (ATTRA, 2001) va 14 "h| thdng ke hgach trang trai ting thi ho trg cho nong dan, ngudi quan ly trang trai va cac nhan vien trung gian quan tri tit hon cac nguin luc nong nghiep di djit dugc cac Igl ich ben vitag ve kinh ti, mdi trudng va niim tin xa hgi" (Holistic Management International, 2011) Tiep can quan tri ting thi sau dugc phat triin va tag dung nhieu linh vuc, dac biet la nhitag ITnh vuc lien quan tdi phat triin cgng ding va quan ly xS hgi Cac nha Phgm Minh Anh 17 nghien ciiu va thuc hanh quan ly t6ng thi dua mgt khung cong cu cho qua trinh gom nhieu yeu to nhu: cdc can cu quyet dinh; cong cu; cdu hoi de kiim tra; vd chu trinh phan hoi Sa dS: Khung cong cu cho quan ly tong the C3n cu quyet djnh: Doi tugng - Muc tieu - Sii mgnh - Tam nhhi C6ng cu: S^r sang tao - Ngu6n lye tii chinh va nhan sy Cau hdi kiem tra: Quan he nhan - qui; Lien ket giOa xS hgi, smh thai va tai chinh; Quy trinh phan hSi ICiem s o a t Nguon: Savory Institute 2012 Frameworkfor Holistic Management Ket luan Tir nhihig phan tich of trSn co the dua mgt so ket luan nhu sau: Mot Id, xa h6i hien dai dang dat nhieu thach thiic boat dong quan ly xa hgi theo kieu cii (quan ly theo ITnh vuc) Su tac dgng ciia toan ciu hoa, hgi nhllp kinh tl qu6c tl da lam cho hoat dgng quan ly theo kieu cii khong dat dugc ket qua mong muln va dat yeu cdu can phai co tiep can mai quan ly - tiep c$n quan ly xa hgi ting thi Hai Id, duoi tac dgng ciia khoa hgc va cong nghe, xu huong xa hgi chuyen dSn tir van minh c6ng nghiep sang van minh h^u cong nghi?p dang diin Trong xu huong nay, ranh gioi giiia cac dinh ch6 xa hgi ca ban nhu nhd nuac, thi trucmg vd van hoa dang cang ma nh?t va thuc te co su xam nhap Ian gitta cac dinh chi xa hgi Do do, hoat dgng quan ly theo mo hinh kieu cii da khong phii hgp va dat vin dl tiip can moi quan ly xa hgi Ba Id, xa hgi hiSn d£ii, ly luan vl quan l;^ kieu cii dang g^p phai nhimg bilu hien vl s\r khung hoang Cac mo hinh ly thuyit quan ly theo kilu ITnh vuc dang khdng hieu qua, doi hoi phai co nh&ng ly thuyet theo each tiep can khac vl quan ly Bon Id, tiep can quan ly xa hgi tong the dS dugc dat va khao ciru nhiiu nganh khoa hgc va cac chii thuyit khac Hgc thuyit Mac-xit da dat vin dl quan ly xa hgi ting the tir kha lau Cac ly thuyet xa hgi hgc ciing dgt vin dl quan ly xa hgi ting quat (vi du nhu h? thing xS hgi ting quat cua Parsons) Gin day hon la nhiing ly thuyit lien quan tai thuc hanh qudn ly tong thi nhu Tiep cgn quan ly hdn don vd Tiip can tdng quat quan ly xa hoi 18 Mgt so van de ly ludn ve Tai lieu tham khao AlvinToffler 1992 ion song r>i!f 60, Nxb Thong tin ly luan, Hd N§i ATTRA 2001 Holistic Management - A Whole Farm Dicision Making Framework Avinash K Dixit - Bary J Nalebuff" 2006 Tu- chiin luffc - ly thuyit tro chai thuc hanh, Nxb Tri thiic, HaNgi, 2006 C Mdc vi Ph Ang-ghen 1976 Ti^enngon dia Bang cgng sdn,ti^Sif^%i,}\h'H^i, 1976 t A Capitonov 2000 Xa hgi hgc thi ky XX, Lich si vd cong ngh4, Nxb Dai hgc Quic gia Hk Noi Helga Nowotny, Peter Scott, Michael Gibbons 2009 Tu lai khoa hgc - tri thuc va cong chung ky nguyen bat dinh, Nxb Tri thi^c, Hk Ngi Holistic Management International 2011 What is the Holistic Management? Ho^g Chi Bao 2013 Bi^n doi x5 hgi v4 t^uan trj bi^n doi xa h^i - quan nifm vi cich tigp c^, cu6n Quan tri hien doi xa hgi boi cdnh toan cdu hoa, Nxb Thi gi6i Jamshid Gharajedaghi 2005 Tu h? thong: Quan ly hdn dgn vd phuc hm>, Nxb Khoa hoc x3 hoi HaNgi Joseph E Stiglitz 2008 Toan cdu hoa vd nh&ng mgt trai, Nxb Tre, Tp H5 Chi Minh, tr.8 Le Nggc Hung (chu biSn) 2010 Xa hgi hgc vi lanh dga, quan ly, Nxb D^i hgc Qu6c gia Hk N^i U Nggc Hiing 2002 Lich su vd ty thuyit xd hgi hoc, Nxb Dai hgc Qu6c gia Uh Ngi, Hh Ngi Peter F Drucker 2003 Nhimg thach thifc cua quan ly thi ky XXI, Nxb Trd, Tp H6 Chf Minh Richard T Schaefer 2005 Xd hgi hgc, Nxb Thong k6 Hi NOi SAVORY Institute 2012 Framework for Holistic Management Oy ban Kinh t^ cua Qu6c hOi - Nhom Tu vSn chinh siich kinh t6 vT m6 2012 Bao cao kinh ti vimo 2012 Tii bdt on vimd den du&ng tdi ca cau, Nxb Tri thi^c, Hi Ngi Oy ban Kinh tg ciia Qu6c hgi - Nhom Tu v ^ chinh sdch kinh ti vT mo 2013 Bao cao hnh tivtmo 2013 Thach thuc aphia truac, Nxb Tri thilc, Hi Ngi Vu Hio Quang 2001 Xa hgi hgc quan ly Nxb Dsii hgc Qu6c gia Hi Ngi