báo cáo phát triển con người năm 2013

40 BAO CAO PHAT TRIEN CON NGtTOl NAM 2013 CUA CHlTdNG TRINH PHAT TRIEN LIEN HOP QUOC: NHU>JG N O I DUNG QUAN TRONG CAN DUOC LUtJ Y' LtrONG DINH HAI Ngdy thang nam 2013, Chuang trinh phat trien Lien hop quoc (UNDP) tai Ha Noi da to churc hpp bao cong bo Bdo cdo phdl trien ngudi ndm 2013 vai chii de: "Sir tr6i day cua cdc nuoc Nam bdn cdu: Tien bo ve nguai mot the gicri da dang" (The Rise ofthe South: Human Progress in a Diverse World) Bdo cdo phdt trien ngudi ndm 2013 dai 216 trang tieng Anh, kho A4 ' (210x290mm) Noi dung cua bao cao gom chuang, khang dinh rang hdu het cac nuac dang phat trien deu co nhimg cong, mpt so nuac dac biet thdnh cong nhu Braxin, Trung Qu6c, An Dp, Indonesia, Mexico, Nam Phi va Tho NhT Ky Su troi day cua cdc nuac Nam ban cdu la chira tung thay ca ve toe dp va quy mo Tong san luang cua ba n^n kinh t^ hang ddu cac nuac dang phat trien (Braxin, Trung Quoc, An Dp) hien tuang dirang v6i tdng GDP cua Canada, Phap, Due, Y, Anh va My cpng lai D^r doan den nam 2050, ba nuac Braxin, Trung Quoc va An Do se nam den 40% GDP th6 giai, vuot xa nhom G7 Tdng lop trung luu cac nuac Nam ban cdu tdng manh ca ve quy mo, thu nhap va ky vpng Phuang Nam dang noi len nhu la ncri na rdt nhieu cai ti^n ky thuat va sang ki§n kinh doanh cung cap co hieu qua cac san phdm phuc tap cho cac nuac phat trien dong thai cung biet thich nghi va doi mai san phdm va cdc quy trinh san xudt tot han phu hgp hem vai nhu cau npi dia, Tdt ca nhimg di^u dang co tac dpng dang ke den qua trinh phat trien nguoi Nhidu ti^n bp da dupe ghi nhdn chi so phat trien nguai nam 2012 Bao cao ghi nhan rang vai thdp ky qua, cac quoc gia deu nhdm den muc tieu phat trien nguoi muc cao han Toe dp gia tdng HDI dat muc cao nhat cac nuoc thupc nhom co HDI trung binh va thap Tuy vay, su gia tang HDI se khong ben vung neu tinh trang bat binh ddng khong dupe cai thien Hai thap ky qua tren pham vi toan cau, bdt binh ddng vh y t^ va giao due dupe cai thien tot han so vai bat binh dang ve thu nhap Du su tang trucmg cua cdc qu6c gia Nam ban cdu khong giong nhau, nhung nhieu quoc gia da bdt ddu dupe huong lpi tir su lan toa tang truang sang cac linh vuc co dong gop vdo su phdt tri^n nguoi, nhat la y tL ' B&i nSy sir dyng cic dO li?u, luan diem, npi dung va inch dan Bdo cdo phdt Inen ngudi ndm 2013 UNDP mi Hk N$i cung cap tai buoi hpp bao dugc noi toi o day * PGS.;TSKH.; Vi?n NghiSn cim Con ngiriri, Vi^n Han lam KHXHVN Nghltn ciiu Con nguOt s61(70) 2014 ^ Luong Dinh Hdi Su troi day ciia Nam ban cdu a quy mo tucmg doi lan va dJic biet cong mpt so nuac Id co ba nhan to ddng chu y tac dpng den phat tri^n: Chinh phu chii dpng tang truong; khai thac tot tdc dpng ciia thi truong toan cdu; vd doi moi chinh sdch xa hpi kien quy6t Cac nhan to dupe kiem chiing qua kinh nghiem thuc te trfii day cua cac nuoc Nam ban cdu, chiing thach thuc cac each tiep can cu, chudn tdc va dinh sdn, chiing vugt qua cac nguyen tac quan ly tap trung cu ky nhung cung khong tudn thii sir tu hoa khong gioi han chii nghia tu moi Phat trien cdn bang va ben vung doi hoi "mpt nha nucrc vung manh, chii dpng co trdch nhiem hoach dinh chi'nh sach cho ca khu virc quoc doanh Idn tu nhdn dua tren tam nhin va su lanh dao dai han, tren cdc chudn muc va gia tri chung, tren cdc nguyen tdc va the che giup hinh long tin vd su doan ket" Trong qua trinh chuyen doi kho khan va lau ddi phdi chu y tiep can van de phat trien mpt each can bang va ben vung nhung khong the theo mpt cong thiic gidn don nao Cdc quoc gia co the bdo hp cho cdc nganh, nghe khong the tu phdt trien dupe bang thi trudng Dieu eo the giup chuyen doi cac nganh nghe von truoc khong hieu qua nhimg tac nhan thiic day su phdt trien nen kinh te mo cua hpi nhdp hon Cac chinh phu can manh dan thu nghiem nhieu each tiep can khac vd co each nhin thuc te hon "Phai uu tien lay nguai lam trpng tdm ma cac ca hpi mai nhung dong thai phai bao ve nguai khoi cac riii ro bat Ipi" "Dau tu vao nang luc nguoi thong qua y te giao due va dich vu cong khac la mpt phan khong the thieu ciia qua trinh phat trien" Can cai mo, than thien, tap trung mo rpng cac phuc lpi xa hpi CO ban "Tang truong nhanh ve cong an viec ldm la dac trung cua qua trinh phat trien giiip thiic day su phat trien nguai" NhGng luan diem nhu vay bao cao la nhimg bai hpc kinh nghiem hit sue quy bau cho cac nuac dang muon tang toe tien trinh phat trien ciia minh ca tren phuang dien phat trien xa hpi lan phat trien nguai De phat trien xa hpi cdn bdng va bgn vii-ng tdt yeu phai phat trien eon nguoi ben viing De phat trien nguai b^n vimg tdt phdi bao ve nguoi khoi mpi rui ro noi chung, tir thien tai, bien d6i hau den dich benh, chien tranh, xung dot stress, Trong boi canh quoc te hien di^u cdn dupe nhdn manh boi doi hoi ve bao ve nguoi npi dung phdt triin nguai bin virng cang cao de dam bdo sir phat trien ben vimg ciia xa hpi Phdt triin nguoi ma khong gan lien vai bdo ve nguoi thi khong the phat triin nguoi bin vCmg vd tham chi ciing khong the phat trien nguoi va phat trien bin vung xa hpi dupe Bdo ve nguai tren cac phuang dien khac tir thi xac tam luc den tri luc tu kinh tl, van hoa xa hpi chinh tri den tinh than, tu tuong la nhu cau ciia su phat triin xa hpi lan phat trien nguoi Thi truong toan cau dong vai tro quan trpng thiic day tang truong ciia cac nuac phuang Nam, nhung dieu quan trpng la cac dieu kien de khai thdc thi truong todn cdu "Tat ea cdc nuac cong nghiep mai deu c6 gang thirc hien chien lupc: nhdp khdu tri Nghien cuu Con ngua so 1(70) 2014 Bdo cdo phdt trien ngudi thiic ma thi gicri co, xudt khdu cdc san pham ma the gioi dang cdn" Tuy nhien, de thirc hien dupe chiin lupc dy, d l gia nhdp thi truang the gioi thi phai ddu tu phat trien nguoi "Neu khong ddu tu vao phdt trien nguoi thi se khong dupe Ipi gi nhiiu tii thi truong quoc tl" Thuc tl cdc nuac phuang Nam mot vai thap ky vira qua cho thay, thdnh cong dat duoc Id viec hpi nhdp timg buoc, co trinh tu vdo nen kinh t l thi giai, thupc vdo tinh hinh thirc tl vd viec ddu tu cho phat triin nguoi, bp may va ca so tdng ciia quoc gia chii khong phai la ma cira hpi nhap dot ngpt N I U khong chii y ddu tu cho phdt trien nguai thi viec mo cira hpi nhap thuang de tao nen nhirng cii "soc" cho ca nguai Idn xd hpi, tham chi mang lai nhimg he luy kho lucmg va kho gidi quyet Cdc nen kinh te nho cong chii yiu nho viec chii trpng vao cac san phdm eho thi truang dac thii, chinh phu h6 trp nhiiu nam de phat huy cac nganh nghl CO sdn hodc xdy dung cac nganh nghe moi Nhiing bai hoc kinh nghiem nay, thiit nghT ciing da va dang duoc minh chung o nuoc ta Theo nhdn dinh ciia Bao cao, ciing co mpt so quoc gia c6 toe dp phat trien nhanh va ben viJng ma khong can dau tu cong o miic qua cao, ca cho co so tang lan y te va giao due Van de la phdi tao cac chu trinh khep kin hieu qua, qua ma co duoc su cung CO, ho trp lan giiia tang truong va chinh sach xa hpi Tang trudng thuong dem lai hieu qua giam ngheo cao han a cac nuac co bat binh dang thap ve thu nhap so voi cac nuoc co bat binh dang cao ve thu nhap Thiic day su binh dang, nhat la giua cac nhom dan tpc, chiing tpc, ton giao khac se giiip lam giam cac mau thudn xa hpi Ve thye chat, dieu dupe dam bao thi npi luc quoc gia se la tap hop nang lire cOa tat cd mpi phan xa hpi, tao hgp luc cimg chieu cho tang trudng va phat trien Khi nguoi dupe dam bao cac dieu kien thuan lgi co moi trudng tich cue, hp se la dpng lire ehinh khdi ngudn cho mpi tang trudng, bien ddi va phat trien cua chinh hp vd ciia xa hdi Xa hdi cdng bang, binh dang la tien de cho dong thuan va doan ket, se la co sd de mpi ca nhan va mpi lang ldp cd ca hdi va dieu kien tao nen tang trudng va phdt trien Dieu se thiic day cdng bang va binh dang rdng khap han "Cdc yeu td nhu giao due, cham sdc sire khde bao trp xa hpi tang cudng nang iuc phdp ludt va to chirc xa hpi thich hpp cd the giiip ngudi ngheo tham gia vao qua trinh phat triin" Thu hep chenh lech giira cac khu vuc dac biet la cac khu vyc ndng thdn, mien mii, vd viec gia tang cong an viec lam giup tang thu nhap la nhflng nhan td ddng vai trd quyet dinh viec phat trien Nhung cd the cac cdng cu chinh sach khong tdc dpng den dupe nhung nhdm ngudi nhat dinh chinh phii khdng han liic nao cung cd the nhdn biet chinh xac cac dich vu cdng dupe cung cap cho mgi ngudi den miic ndo H? qua Id nhimg ngudi ngheo cd the bj day ngoai ria xa hgi va gap nhiiu kho khdn vi?c giai quyet cac van dl ciia chinh hp "Chinh sach xd hpi phai khuyen khich tinh da dang, dam bao binh dang, khong phan biet doi xu, ddng vai trd quyet dinh ddi vdi on dinh chinh tri - xa hpi Ddng thdi, phdi Nghiin ciiu Con nguH sd 1(70) 2014 Luong Dinh Hdi Sir trdi day ciia Nam bdn cdu d quy rao tuang ddi Ion vd dac biet cong d mpt sd nudc la cd ba nhdn td dang chii y tdc dpng den phdt trien: Chinh phu chu dpng tang tnrdrng; khai thac tdt tac dpng cua thi trudng toan cdu; va doi mdi chinh sdch xd hdi kien quyit Cac nhan td dugc kiim chiing qua kinh nghiem thuc tl trdi day ciia cdc nudc Nam ban cdu, chiing thdch thirc eac each tiep can cu, chuan tae vd dinh sdn, chiing vuot qua cac nguyen tic quan ly tap tnmg cu ky nhung cung khdng tudn thii sy ty hda khdng gidi han chu nghia ty mdi Phdt trien can bang vd ben vung doi hdi "mdt nha nudc vimg manh, chu ddng cd trach nhiem hoach dinh chinh sdch cho cd khu vyc qudc doanh Idn tu nhan dya tren tdm nhin vd sy lanh dao dai han, tren cdc chudn myc vd gia tri chung, tren cac nguyen tac va the che giiip hinh thdnh Idng tin va sy doan ket" Trong qua trinh chuyen ddi khd khan va lau dai phai chu y tiep can van de phat trien mdt each can bang va ben vimg, nhung khdng the theo mdt cdng thiic gian don nao Cdc qudc gia cd the bdo hd cho cac nganh nghe khdng the tu phdt triin dupe bang thi trudng Dieu c6 the giiip chuyen ddi cdc nganh nghe von trudc khdng hieu qud nhung tae nhan thiic ddy sy phat trien nin kinh tl md ciia hpi nhap hon Cac chinh phii can manh dan thii nghiem nhiiu each tiip can khac vd cd each nhin thye te hon "Phai uu tien lay ngudi lam trpng tam md cac co hdi mdi nhung ddng thdi phai bao ve ngudi khdi cdc riii ro bat lpi" "Ddu tu vao nang luc ngudi thdng qua y te giao due vd dich vu cdng khac la mot phdn khdng thi thiiu ciia qua trinh phat triin" Can cdi md, than thien, tap trung md rpng cdc phiic lgi xa hdi CO bdn "Tdng trudng nhanh vl cong an viec lam la dac trung cua qua trinh phat triin giiip thiic day su phat trien ngudi" Nhung luan diem nhu vay bao cao la nhirng bai hpc kinh nghiem hit siic quy bau cho cdc nudc dang muon tang tdc tiin trinh phat triin ciia minh ca tren phuang dien phat trien xa hdi Idn phat triin ngudi De phdt triin xa hpi can bdng va bin virng tdt yeu phdi phat triin ngudi bin vung Bi phat triin ngudi bin viing tdt phai bao ve ngudi khdi mpi rui ro ndi chung, tir thien tai biin ddi hau din dich benh chien tranh xung dot stress, Trong bdi canh qudc tl hien dieu cdn dupe nhdn manh bdi ddi hdi ve bao ve eon ngudi ndi dung phdt triin ngudi bin vChig cang cao dk dam bao sy phai triin bin vung cua xa hdi Phat triin ngudi ma khdng gan liln vdi bao ve ngudi thi khdng thi phat triin ngudi bin vimg vd tham chi cung khdng the phat triin ngudi va phat triin bin vung xa hdi dupe Bao ve ngudi tren cac phuong dien khac tir thi xac tam Iyc den tri luc, tir kinh tl, van hda xa hdi, chinh tri den tinh than, tu tudng la nhu cau ciia su phat trien xa hdi lan phat trien ngudi Thi trudng toan cau ddng vai trd quan trpng thiic ddy tang trudng cua cac nudc phuong Nam, nhung dieu quan trpng la cac diiu kien 6^ khai thdc thj trudng toan cau "Tat ca cac nudc cdng nghiep mdi diu cd gdng thye hien chiin lupc: nhdp khdu tri Nghien ciiu Con ngudi s61(70) 2014 Bdo cdo phdt trien ngudi thiic ma the gidi cd, xudt khdu cdc san phdm ma the gidi dang can" Tuy nhien, de thye hien duac chien lupc ay, de gia nhap thi trudng the gidi thi phdi ddu tu phdt trien ngudi "Neu khong ddu tu vdo phdt trien ngudi thi se khdng dugc lpi gi nhiiu tir thi tnrdng qudc te" Thye te cdc nudc phuang Nam mdt vai thdp ky vira qua cho thdy, thdnh cong dat duoc Id viec hdi nhap timg bude, cd trinh ty vao nin kinh te thi gidi, tiiy thupc vdo tinh hinh thye te vd viec ddu tu cho phdt triin ngudi bg mdy vd co sd tdng ciia qudc gia chii khdng phai la md cua hgi nhap dot ngpt Neu khdng chii y ddu tu cho phdt trien ngudi thi viec md eiia hdi nhdp thudng dl tao nen nhiing cii "sdc" cho ca ngudi Idn xa hpi, tham chi mang lai nhung he luy khd ludng va khd gidi quyet Cdc nen kinh te nhd cdng chii yiu nhd viec chii trpng vao cdc san pham cho thi trudng dac thii, chinh phu hd trp nhiiu nam de phat huy cdc nganh nghl CO san hoac xay dung cac nganh nghe mdi Nhimg bai hpc kinh nghiem nay, thiit nghT ciing da vd dang dupe minh chimg d nudc ta Theo nhan dinh ciia Bdo cao, ciing cd mgt sd quoc gia cd tdc dp phat triin nhanh vd ben virng md khdng can dau tu cdng d mirc qua cao, ca cho ea sd tang Idn y te vd giao due Van de la phai tao cac chu trinh khep kin hieu qua, qua dd ma cd dupe su Cling cd, hd trg lan giira tang tnrdng va chinh sach xa hgi Tang trudng thudng dem lai hieu qua giam ngheo cao hon d cac nudc cd bat binh dang thap vl thu nh^p so vdi cdc nudc co bat binh dang cao ve thu nhap Thiic day sy binh dang, nhdt la giiia cac nhdm dan tdc, chung tpc, tdn giao khac se giup lam gidm cdc mdu thuan xd hdi v l thye chat, dieu dugc dam bao thi ngi lye qudc gia se la tap hop nang lye ciia tat cd mpi thdnh phan xa hgi, tao hop lye cimg chieu cho tang trudng va phat trien Khi ngudi dugc dam bao cac dieu kien thuan Igi cd mdi trudng tich cue, hg se la ddng Iyc chinh khdi ngudn cho mgi tang trudng, bien ddi va phat trien eua chinh hp va ciia xa hdi Xd hdi cdng bang, binh dang la tien de cho ddng thuan va doan ket, se la ca sd de mpi cd nhan va mpi tang ldp cd co hdi va dieu kien tao nen tang trudng vd phdt trien Dieu dd se thuc day cdng bang va binh dang rdng khap hon "Cac yeu td nhu giao due, cham sdc sire khde, bao trg xa hdi tang cudng nang Iyc phap iuat va td chiic xa hdi thieh hgp cd the giiip ngudi ngheo tham gia vao qua trinh phat trien" Thu hep chenh lech giira cac khu vuc, dac biet la cac khu vuc ndng thdn, mien mii, vd viec gia tang cdng an viec lam giiip tang thu nhap la nhirng nhan td ddng vai trd quyit dinh viec phdl trien Nhung cd the cac cdng cu chinh sach khdng tdc d§ng din dugc nhimg nhdm ngudi nhdl dinh chinh phii khdng hdn liic ndo cung cd the nhan biet chinh xdc cac dich vu cdng duoc cung cap cho mpi ngudi din miic nao H? qua la nhihig ngudi ngheo cd the bi day ngoai ria xa hdi va gap nhiiu khd khdn vi?c giai quyet cac van de cua chinh ho "Chinh sach xa hpi phai khuyin khich tinh da dang, dam bao binh ding, khdng phan biet ddi xir, ddng vai trd quyit dinh ddi vdi dn dinh chinh tri - xd hpi Ddng thdi, phai Nghiin cdu Con ngudi s41(70} 2014 Luong Dinh Hdi cung cap dupe cac dich vu xa hdi co ban giiip cung c6 tang trudng kinh te ddi han thong qua viec tao Iyc lugng lao ddng khde manh cd tri thiic" Nha nudc ciing phdi dam bdo cho tdt ca mpi cdng dan tiip can dugc cac dieu kien co ban cua phat trien ngudi Ld trinh dl dot phd phdt triin vd tiin bg ngudi Id qua trinh da dien, nhiiu mat, nhiim gia tdng cua cai vdt chdt thdng qua viec phd cap kha ndng tiep cdn cdc dich vu CO bdn, cai thien hoat ddng ciia chinh phii va cdc td chiic xd hdi de khuyen khich tang ttudng vd dam bao cdng bang phan phdi lgi ich, buoc bd may chinh phii phdi lam viec cd trdch nhiem gidm thiiu tinh trang quan lieu va cac rao cdn cac hoat ddng kinh te, xa hdi Hieu qua cua ddu tu, dii la dau tu cdng, ddu tu cho tdng hay cho ngudi, ciing diu phdi duoc ddt len hang ddu Nhirng kinh nghiem dudng nhu dang ndi vl nhung dieu ma nudc ta dang thuc hien, dang ky vpng Cd Ie phai ndi them rdng, tinh hieu qua cua dau tu la dieu bat bupc Vdn de la hieu qua khong nen dugc xem xet tach rdi cac mat chinh tri, kinh te, van hda, xa hpi, ngudi, moi trudng, hoac qua coi trpng mat nay, xem nhe mat Mdt hieu qua tuong thich thuc te vi sy phdt trien xa hdi va ngudi la dieu ma viec dau tu can dat den bdt cii giai doan nao cua sy phdt trien xa hdi va ngudi Van de dat hien vdi cac nudc Nam bdn cau khdng chi la dat dupe cac thdnh tyu ma la tri nhflng tyu ay De giii dupe tdc dp gia tang phdt trien ngudi va md rdng tang trudng sang cac qudc gia khac cac nudc Nam ban cau can luu j den vdn de nhu la gidi phap co ban, can thiet giai doan hien Dd la tang cudng binh ddng; bao dam sy tham gia cCia ngudi dan; giai quyet cdc thdch thiic ve mdi trudng; qudn Iy dupe cac bien ddng ve nhan khau Tang cudng binh ddng, gdm cd binh ddng gidi va giiia cac nhdm xa hdi ddng vai trd thiet yeu thuc day phat trien ngudi De tang cudng binh dang thi mot nhiing cdng cu quan trpng la gido due Nd giiip ngudi ty tin hon, dl tim kiem sinh ke hon, cd the tranh luan, the hien y kien cua minh, nhan thiic tdt hon cdc van de xa hdi, y thuc tot hon ve cac quyen lgi y te, phiic Igi xa hdi va cac quyen lgi khdc Giao due cung dua lai cho ngudi nhung lpi ich Idn cham sdc siic khde, gidm bdt ty le tii vong Phan tich cua Bao cao chi rang, trinh dp hpc vdn cua ngudi me ddng vai trd quan trgng doi vdi ty le sdng cua tre hon la thu nhap va cua cdi ciia gia dinh Khi trinh hpc van thap thi sy can thiep ciia chinh sdch se cd tdc dgng Idn hon Do dd, Bao cdo khuyen nghi viec hoach dinh chinh sach nen chuyin tir viec cd gdng nang cao thu nhdp sang cdc bien phap khdc cd tdc dung nang cao trinh dp hpc vdn cho tre em gdi Bao cao ciing khuyen nghj cac qudc gia nen cd nhung tham vgng Idn hon hoach dinh chinh sach Bang viec tang trudng nhanh cac nudc cd HDI thap cd the dat den muc phdt trien ngudi bang vdi cac nudc cd HDI cao va rat cao "Cdc can thi?p chinh sach tren co sd gia dinh dy se cd tdc dgng tich cyc len cupe chien chdng ddi g NgMin ciiu Con ngatH srf 1(70) 2014 Bdo cdo.phdt trien ngudi ngheo Ngupc Iai, gid phai trd cho sy phdt trien ciing Idn hem, nhat la vdi cdc nudc cd HDI thdp thudng dl bi tdn thuang" Viec khdng thye hien cac chinh sdch cap gido due du tham vpng se cd dnh hudng bdt lpi den cac tru cdt quan trpng phdt trien ngudi tuong lai T ^ dieu kien cho ngudi ddn tham gia vd cd tieng ndi se giiip cho sy phdt trien ngudi trd nen ben vihig vd diing theo mong mudn hon Con ngudi phdi cd quyen tdc dpng len qud trinh hoach djnh chinh sdch vd cd nhiing kit qua cua nd, co quyin trdng dpi mpt xa hpi vdi nhiiu co hgi kinh tl han, cd thi tham gia va gdnh vdc trdch nhiem cao han he thdng xa hdi va chinh trj Thye tl cua cdc nudc cd tdc dp phdt trien nhanh d Ddng A nhiing thap ky gdn day cung cho thay dieu mang lai Ipi ich to Idn cho cd tdng trudng va phat triin ngudi theo Bao cao thi ngudi ddn d cd Nam vd Bdc bdn cdu dang cang khdng thda man va dang ddi hdi phai cd nhiiu ca hdi dugc tham gia nhieu hon vao cac Imh vyc cdc van de ma hp quan tdm vao viec hoach dinh chinh sdch, nhdt Id vdo cac phiic lgi xa hdi Cac phan ling xa hdi vd bdt dn thdt nghiep, bat binh ddng, khdng dam bao phiic (pi xa hdi, cd thi lam chech hudng phat trien ngudi, cdn trd dau tu va tang trudng tri tre, bat dn bupc chinh phu phai gidnh ngudn luc de tri Iuat phap va trat ty xa hdi ndi chung Cdc quoc gia kem phat trien va ngudi ngheo se phdi chiu tdn that nhieu nhat trudc cac hiem hpa mdi trudng nhu bien ddi hau d nhilm khdng va ngudn nudc, thu hep di^n tich rimg, Tham hpa thien nhien anh hudng den tat ca, nhimg cdc qudc gia kem phat trien vd ngudi ngheo chiu tdn that nhieu nhat Bien ddi hau vd nhung tdn hai ve h? sinh thai dang thu hep co hdi sdng ciia ngudi, nhdt Id ngudi ngheo Cdc nudc cd HDI thdp ddng gdp it nhat vdo bien ddi hdu toan cau nhung lai cd khd ndng phdi gdnh chiu dnh hudng nhiiu hon nhung tdc ddng xau ciia bien ddi hau Cdn phai khdn truong cd nhimg bien phap irng phd tang cudng siic chiu dyng ciia ngudi trudc tinh trang biin doi hau Cang tri tre, thu dgng thi nhiing tdn that cang Idn Phdi nhanh chdng cd cac thay ddi vl co cdu va chinh sach de dam bdo sy can bdng giura phdt triin ngudi vd cac muc tieu ve mdi trudng thdng qua chien luge tang trudng sach, thich ling cao vdi biin ddi h^u vd cd co chl tai chinh hpp tac cdng - tu hop Iy Bien dpng nhdn khdu cd anh hudng to Idn din tdc dp phat triin ngudi Trong khodng 40 ndm gdn day dan so thi gidi tang gdn gap ddi, tir nam 1970 den nam 2011, dan sd thi gidi tang tir 3.6 ti ngudi len den ti ngudi Hien dang cd nhirng xu hudng biin dpng nhdn khdu khdc Mgt mat, ddn sd dang tang len nhung hgc van cdng cao thi ti 1? tdng ddn sd cang giam mat khac, co cau tudi dang thay ddi nhieu nudc Tiem nang phat trien ciia the gidi chiu tdc ddng cua ca quy md ddn sd lan co cdu dp tudi Ti 1? ngudi phy thudc (dudi 14 vd tren 65) tren tdng so ngudi lao ddng dang biin dpng timg qudc gia Khi ti trpng ngudi lao ddng tdng dan sd tdng thi dat nudc dugc hudng "Igi tiic dan sd" neu cd cdc chinh sdch phii hgp: gido dye cho tre em Nghiin cOu Con ngiM stf 1(70) 2014 Luong Dinh Hdi gai se giiip khai thac Ipi tuc dan sd nay, phu nir cd tri thuc thudng sinh it hon, cai ciia hg khde manh, dugc cham sdc va giao due tdt ban, thu nhap cua hp ciing cao ban, Ngugc lai, cac nudc Nam ban cau giau cd han se bupc phai doi mat vdi mdt van de khac hoan toan Khi dan sd bude vao thdi ky gia hda, cac nudc dang phat trien se gap phai khd khan viec dap ling cac nhu cau ve an sinh xa hdi ddt nudc cdn ngheo Da sd cac nudc dang phat trien hien cdn rat it co hdi va thdi gian de khai thdc lgi tuc dan sd Quan Iy bien ddng nhan khau, vay trd nhiem vu quan trpng Cac xu hudng bien ddng nhan khau khdng phai la bat di bat dich ma cd the thay ddi thdng qua cac chinh sach giao due Cd hai kjch ban cho giai doan tir den nam 2050 Mdt la md hinh co ban, theo ti le di hpc khdng ddi d tat ca cac bac hpc Hai la md hinh di tat ddn dau, tir xuat phat diem thap vl gido due cac nudc se cd muc tieu Idn vl giao due So vdi md hinh co ban thi md hinh di tat ddn dau, miic giam ti Ie ngudi phu thudc cac nudc cd HDI thap Idn hon gap hai Idn Cac chinh sach giao due, md rpng co hdi viec lam, tang nang sudt iao ddng, tang cudng tham gia Iyc lupng lao ddng, nhat la cua lao ddng nii va lao dgng cao tudi, cd the giiip han chl miic tang ti le ngudi phu thudc khien cho viec chuyen ddi nhan khdu sang giai doan dan sd gia dl dang han Mdt ngi dung quan trpng khac Bao cao la vdn dk hgp tac thdi ky mdi Van de Idn dang dugc dat la: Nhieu the chl va nguyen tdc quan ty qudc tl dugc xay dung trudc day da Idi thdi khien cho cac id chiic qudc tl khdng dai dien dugc cho cac nudc Nam ban cau Trat ty mdi Nam ban cau va chii nghTa da cyc dang thach thiic cac the chl va phuang thiic van hanh hien tai hang loat cac nganh truyin thdng nhu tai chinh, thuang mai, dau tu Quan ly ca d cdp dp khu vyc, ca d cdp qudc te deu cdn den su ho trg ciia tap the dl cd thi kit ndi cdu tnic cu vdi trat ty mdi Phai thye hien cai each cac td chiic qudc tl tren ca sd hgp tac chat che hon niia vdi cac td chirc khu vyc va dia phuang, nhiing trudng hop cu thi nen trao quyen rdng hon cho cac td chuc dja phuong Trach nhiem diiu hanh cac td chirc qudc tl cdn dugc chia se cho nhieu qudc gia, cho nhiiu ben cd lien quan Cac td chiic qudc tl cdn tang cudng tinh minh bach, tinh dai dien va tinh trach nhiem Trong hien thuc, nhiiu hoat dgng lien chinh phii se cd hieu qua cao hon cd su tham gia rdng rai cua cac qudc gia Nam ban cdu vdi ngudn luc vl tai chinh, ky thuat va ngudi cua cac qudc gia dd, Trong bdi canh toan cdu hoa va hgi nhap qudc tl niu cac quoc gia tuan thii nguyen tdc chii quyen mpt each cyc doan thi se it dugc hudng lgi tu hgi nhap Sy quan ngai khdng dung ddn ve vdn dl chii quyin se can Ird hgp tac Se tdt hon neu bao ve chu quyin bdng viec tham gia hop tac qudc te mdt each cdng bdng, diing luat, cd trach nhiem, ddng gdp vao thinh vupng chung loan cdu, ddng thdi dam bao quyen ngudi va an ninh cho ngudi dan, vay chu quyin khdng chi la quyin ma cung la nghia vu Cac ITnh vyc dang thu hiit manh sy quan tam va hgp tac tren pham Nghiin ciiu Con ngutH srf 1(70) 2014 ... giao due va dich vu cong khac la mpt phan khong the thieu ciia qua trinh phat trien" Can cai mo, than thien, tap trung mo rpng cac phuc lpi xa hpi CO ban "Tang truong nhanh ve cong an viec ldm la... dieu kien de khai thdc thi truong todn cdu "Tat ea cdc nuac cong nghiep mai deu c6 gang thirc hien chien lupc: nhdp khdu tri Nghien cuu Con ngua so 1(70) 2014 Bdo cdo phdt trien ngudi thiic ma... chinh tri - xa hpi Ddng thdi, phdi Nghiin ciiu Con nguH sd 1(70) 2014 Luong Dinh Hdi Sir trdi day ciia Nam bdn cdu d quy rao tuang ddi Ion vd dac biet cong d mpt sd nudc la cd ba nhdn td dang chii