Phát triển con người việt nam một số điểm nhấn về cơ sở lý luận và thực tiễn

Jl PHAT TRIEN CON NGl/dl VIET NAMIVIOTSODIEMNHANVECOSALYLUANVATHaCTIEN • GS, TS MACH QUANG THANG Hoc viin Chinh tri quoc gia Ho Chi Minh • Tdm tdt: Viec xdy diing ngUdi Viet Nam phdt trien ben vUng hien cdn dUdc diia tren tren cd sd ly ludn vd thiic tiin chdc chdn Dd Id yeu cdu cdp bdch dot hodn cdnh the gidi noi chung dang cho thdy ro ngUdi luon ludn Id trung tdm cua sUphdt trien Thtic techo thdy rdng khdngphdi ldc ndo sii tdng trUdng vekinh tela thudn chieu ciingsUphdt trien ngUdi Bdi viet tap trungldm ro nhUngdieu kien hao ddmphdt trien ngUdi VietNam hien nay; gidi phdp khac phuc nhiing tdc dpng nghich chieu vd phdt huy nhUng tdc dpng thuan chieu phdt trien ngUdi • TU khda: xdy dUng ngUdi; phdt trien ngUdi, ngUdi Viet Nam Mdt so diem nhan ve co so ly luan De cd ngudn nhdn luc ebdt lugng cao thi mdi Phdt trign ngudd phai dua tren ca sd ly ngudi lao ddng phai bao dam cac yeu cau caban thuyet cua su phdt trign,ttongdd cd van de thdd sau; (1) Cd siic khde the luc, su deo dai va tdm ly cabirt phd cua suvat Con ngtrdi la chii the sang tdt; (2) Trinh dp ve mgi mat phdi ludn ludn duge tao van hda, ddng thdi la san phara cua van hda ndng cao; (3) Nang luc ehuyen mdn, ngbiep vu minh sang tao Trong edu tnic cua vdn hda, ludn ludn dupe bao dam de hoan tdt chuc ngudi Idtiimgtam, la chu thettongmgi boat ttach, nhiera vu cua minh; (4) Cd van hda nghe dgng sdng; la nhdn td quygt dmh ebo sutienbd ngMep; (5) Cd khd nang sang tao cao; (6) Cd khd hay su thut liu eua xa hdi nang thich iing vdi tinh trang ngudn tai nguyen Lay chil ngMa Mac - Lgnm, tu tudng Hd CM thien nhien cdng khan hidm va su sut giam Minh ldm nen tang dittidnglam kim cM nam eho cde ngudn dau tu tdi ehinh; (7) Cd pbam chdt dudng ldi va cMdn lupc phdttiign.Dang Cdng san dao diic tdt (DCS) Viet Nam da dg va lanh dao thuc Men Mudn eanh tranh thi phai cd sueraanh,cd dudng ldi va nhigu chiltixcong,chinh sdch, giai thgraanh,bigt ndm Idy mpi ca hgi thudn lgi ciia pbdp pbdt trien ngudi Viet Nam Dd la Thien - Dia - Nhan de ed dugc the chdn vac ngudi phat trign todn dien vg tii luc, thg luc, khd Thai - Thi - Luc Con ngudd Viet Nam nang lao dgng, tinhtt'chcue chinh tii - xa hdi; ly cude suih tdn va phat trien phdi bang siic manh tuong sdng, ldi sdng, dao due vd ban linh chinh til canhttanhhun due tir siic manh ndi tai ket hop LYLUAN CHINH TR|-So8/2019 EL NGHIEN Ctru - PHATTRIEN LY LUAN Thanh nien Viet Nam gop phdn xdy dUng ddt niidc _ Anh: TL vdi yeu td bdn ttong va ben ngodi, bign ngoai nudc dign ttong khoang 10 nam tdi, vdi viec luc ndi luc De lam dupe nhiing cdng viec vuot qua bdy thu nhap tnmg binh vd ddt nudc v^ thi can nhung eon ngudi cd du phdm chat ca ban cham tdi miic CNH, HDH CMnh vi tiie, va nang luc, dua ddn tdc tidn vao xa hdi XHCS hanh ddng, ngu de vugt mdt thdi co thi (giai doan thdp Id xa hdi XHCN), noi md budc tien cua radt qudc gia cd thd bi tra gia, ngudd dugc phdt trign tu do, todn dien Theo chdm lai, tut hau ddng chay chung cua C.Mdc va Ph.Angghen: su phat trien tu cua nhan loai, tham cbi bi dimg lai mdi ngudi la digu kien cho su phat trien tu Dai hOi XII cila Dang tiep tue khdng dinh, cua tat ca mgi ngudi CNH, HDH gdn vdi phdt tiign tri thiic ttong toan Viet Nam dang diing trudc thdi co Idn cua su cau hda la dudng tdt yeu, ttong do, dac biet phat trign Tbdi ca la tinh hudng cu the xay chu trgng vai ttd ciia khoa hgc - cdng nghg, giao mdt thdi gian nhdt dinb, nd chua dung due - ddo tao, tiep tue eoi dd Id qudc sach hang nhimg thuan Igi de dat dugc muc tieu mdt each ddu, la ddng luc quan ttgng nhat CNH, HDH tdt nhat Thdi ca cd dugc ca dieu kien khdch mdi qudc gia can phai cd cac ngudn luc phat quan va chii quan Con ngudi ed thg tich cue, trien, ttong dd, ngudn luc nguoi la quan chii dpng tao thdi ca den Thdd ca dugc ebe dinb ttpng nhat, cd tinh ebdt quyet dinh ttong su phat mdt khoang thdi gian nhdt dinh, khdng trign ben viing cua mpi qudc gig t£t trudc dgn keo dai vd tan Theo dd, thdi ca phdt ttien ddt Neu rapt ddt nudc cd tai nguyen thxm nMen LYLUAN CHiNHTR|-Sd8/2019 m phong phu, may mde, ky thudt Men dai nhung khdng cd eon ngudd cd pham chdt dao diie, cd trinh dp, cd khd nang khai thac eac ngudn luc tM khd ed kha nang dat duge su phat trign nhu mong mudn Thuc tg lieh sii pbdt trien eiia cac qudc gia tten thg gidi cho thdy rat rd dieu Cd nude nMeu eanh ddng pM nMeu nhung ngudi van ddi ngbeo Cd nude nhigu md kim cuong, md vang r±img van lae hdu, ddi kem, v.v Ddy Id bi kich eiia edc qude gia - dan tdc bi nd dich (ngoai xam) hoac tMen tai tan kbdc, va ngudi (ttong dd cd gidd lanh dao, cam quygn) cdn ban ehd vg nMgu mdt Ngugc lai, ed nudc hau nhu khdng ed tai nguygn khoang san tu nMen nao dang ke, nhung lai giau cd vi nhirng nudc dd ed tdi nguygn eon ngudi - ddi ngfl cd diic - tai, biet each lam cho dat nude manh giau bdng tri tue vd nhdn each cua radi cd nhdn, bdng tai tri, ban Unh va tara nMn cila nhflng ngudi cdm quyen, lanh dao, qudn ly Hien nay, xu the todn cau hda dang tac ddng manh me tdi eae qudc gia tten the gjdi, nhdn loai da budc vao cudc each mang cdng nghiep Idn thii tu, hdm lugng chat xam cang cMgm ty le cao mdi san pham lam ra, ngudd cang ehiing td vai ttd quygt dinh eiia minh tien tiinh pbdt trien cua xa hdi, cua Uch su nhdn loai CNH, HDH ttong todn cdu hda la mdt ttong nhiing nMem vu ttpng tdm ciia nMem ky Dai hdi XU cua Dang nhdm phdn ddu sdm dua nude ta trd thdnh nude cdng nghiep theo hudng hien dai, "tigp tuc day manh thuc hien rad hinh cdng ngMep hda, Men dai bda digu kien phat trign kinh tg thi trudng dinh hudng xa hdi chu ngMa va bdi nhap qudc td gdn vdi phat trien kuih te tri thiic, lay khoa hgc, cdng nghe, tti thiic vd ngudn nhan luc chdt lugng cao ldm ddng luc chii ygu; huy ddng va phan bd cd hidu qua mgi ngudn luc phdt trien"'" Viet Nam dang va se chiu tac dgng manh mg eiia todn cdu hda Vg kinh tg, cd nMeu cdng ty nude ngodi vao ddu tu, thuong raai phdt ttien xuyen bien gidi Viet Nam gia nhap eae td chiic kinh te the gidi va khu vuc, dd la ea hdi phdt trien eua edc ngdnh kinh tg, dieu kien eanh ttanh khde Uet Toan cdu hda cflng ldm eho su phan hda gidu ngheo cflng nhu su chenh lech ve thu nhap, raiic sdng ngdy edng tdng Vg tac dpng xa hpi, toan cau hda da mang lai nhigu ea hdi cho Viet Nam giao luu vdi cac nudc tten the gidi, md rdng quan he kinb te, chinh tri, ngoai giao Tuy nMgn, Viet Nam eiing gidng nhunMgu nude khde tten the gidi dang diing tnrdc nhung Mem hpa eiia tMen tai, dicb benh, d nMgm mdi tnrdng Nhttng tac ddng dd ctmg vdi mdt sd Men tugng tieu cue xa hgi da lam dnh hudng ddn long tin ciia ddn vdo su lanh dao ciia Dang vd Nhd nudc Ve tac ddng van hda, cimg vdi viee phuc hdi, phdt huy edc gid tri van hda, nen van hda Viet Nam cd digu kien tigp thu cde gid tri mdi cua nen vdn hda the gidi vd ngdy cdng ttd ngn da dang, phong phu Tuy nhien, nhiing he qua tigu cue nhu: radt sd gia tti van hda tmyen thong khdng dugc bao tdn, gin giii; thay ddi nhanh cbdng ldi sdng, tha hda dao diic, nhdn each cflng xudt hien Cue dien chinh tri thg gidi thay ddi tdc dgng den nMgu vdn dg khac raa ngudi Viet Nam cdn tMch iing Thg gidi Men dang ttong giai doan bign ddng va dn chua nMeu yen td nil ro khd ludng Mdi nudc hien phdt trien can md cua, hdi nhdp, ehu ygu la kinh te, nhung can chu y nen tang vdn hda theo ngMa rdng nhdt ciia khdi mem Mat cdt each/ban sac van bda ddn tpc - qude gia thi eung ddng thdd mdt ludn dan tdc - qudc gia, mde du kinh tgphdt trien vupt bae The gidi dang vd se ttd nen bat an hon bao gid het, tiep tuc cd nhiing su xung dot ddn tpc LYLUAN CHiNH TRj-S68/2019 El NGHIEN ClJfU - PHATTRIEN LV LUAN khu vuc, tdn giao (ngay cd xung dot "anh era" cung he tu tudng ); ranh gidi giiia chien ttanh chinh ngMa va phi nghia chuyen cue; giira chil quygn va nhan quyen; giua su can tMep cdn thiet cua cac td chuc qudc te vdd viec vi pham bdn yeu td quygn dan tdc ca ban eua mdi qudc gia (ddc lap - ebu quygn - tiidng nhat- todn ven lanh thd) trd ngn mong manh, kbd phdn biet ban bao gid bet The gidi cang tra ngn bat an hon bdi ehii ngbia khung bd, nguy ca tiem tang vu kM bat nhdn The gidd bi tdn phd bdi cbinh ngudi nd luc tim mpi cdch tang trudng kinh te md chua chu y dung miic cflng nhu khdng giai quyet dugc cdc vdn dg khde, ttong dd cd van de mdi trudng sinh thai dg phdt trign bgn vimg Hdi nghi Thugng dinh trdi ddt ve mdi trudng va phdt trien hgp tai Rio de Janeiro (Braxin) nam 1992 vd Hdi nghi Thugng dinh thg gidi vg phdt trign ben vung bpp tai Johannesburg (Cdng bda Nam Phi) nam 2002 da xac dinh rdng, phdt ttign ben vimg la qua trinh phdt trien cd su ket hgp chat che hop ly va hai hda giua ba mat cua su phat ttign gdm: phat trign kinh te (nhat la tang trudng kinb tg); pbdt trien xa hpi (nbat la thuc bien tidn bd va cdng bang xa bdi, xda ddi giam ngheo va gidi quygt viec lam); bao ve radi trudng (nhdt la xii ly, khae pbue d nhidm, phue bdi va eai thien chat lugng mdi trudng, pbdng chdng nan chat pha rung, kbai thdc hgp ly vd sii dung ed bieu qua tai nguygn thien nhien hda thach) Nhung thda tiiuan dat duge tai Hdi nghi Lien Hop qudc vg bien ddi bdu COP 21 Pari (Phdp, 2015) giua 195 nudc tham du eho thay tam quan trpng cua van de phdt ttign ben virng ttai ddt ndng ddn len Hdi nghi eua Lign Hgp qudc vg Mdi trudng va Phat trign hgp d Rio de Janeiro (Braxin) nam 1992: Phat trien ben viing la mdt su pbdt trien LYLUAN CHINHTRI-So 8/2019 thoa man nhimg nhu cdu cita thehe hien tai ma khdng lam hai tdi khd nang dap iing nhung nbu cdu eua cdc thg he tuong lai Hiep dinh Kyoto cflng pban anb quan mem dd Hdi ngM Copenbaghen (Dan Mach, 2009) ve bien ddi hau be tdc, gidng tiiera mdt tieng chudng cdnh bao niia Dd la mat trai cua su tang trudng kinh: su hiiy diet ve mdi tiudng sinh thdi vd su buy diet tir su tiioai hda ddng lo ngai cua dao diic ngudi Trong giai doan Men nay, thdi eo, thach thiic, nguy CO cd nhung ndi dung, bigu hien mdi Viet Nam budc vdo mdt mdi trudng rdng mo hon, da gia nhdp nhieu td ehiic qudc tg O radi trudng rdng Idn ndy, ngudi Viet Nam cd the phdt trign nhanh bon trudc Sau han 30 nam tign hdnh ddi mdi, thg vd luc cua Viet Nam da manh len nhieu, bieu bien d tdc tang trudng GDP hang nam, quyet tdm dua ddt nude thoat khdi ngheo nan, lac bdu, chdm phdt trien ttong lanh dao eua Ddng; ttinh dp, tu bdt nhip kip vdi tu pbdt trign cua the gidi Thdch thuc, nguy co ttong giai doan Men cung ndm thdi ca Chua bao gid Viet Nam dling trudc nbiing thudn Ipd eua TMen - Dia Nhdn nbu Mgn Ngu bd lo thdi ca khoang thdi gian rapt, hai thdp ky tdi la Viet Nam tu buy bd edi the phdt trien, vd nhu vay tii bo ludn ca Thdi va Tbd Do vay, rat cd thg dan dgn Luc cflng bj ban chg di rdt nhigu va tut hau cdng xa Su ngMep ddi mdi toan dien dat nudc cho den da ttai qua hon 30 nam vdi khda Dai hpi cua Dang Trong giai doan hien nay, cdng tiidy ro hon mdt digu rdng, su nghiep ddi mdi diing tmdc tiidi ca, thdch tiuic vd nguy ea Idn ma neu Dang ta biet nam lay thdd co, vuat qua thach tiiuc, dg phdng vd khac phuc dugc nguy ca, tiii ddt nudc se phdt trien nhanh va ben vung Dieu phu thudc vao chinh yeu td nguai m M^t so diem nhSn v§ thuc tien Thuc Men dudng Idi, chil tiuong cua Dang ttong hon 30 nam qua vg ddi mdi todn dien dat nudc, phat trien ngudi, eon ngudi Vigt Nam khdng ngiing phdt ttign ca ve the lue, tri luc va tam luc; ed y thiie va kha ndng lam ehu ngdy cang cao; cM sd HDI cd xu hudng tdng deu va kha dn dinh, ea ve gia tri tuyet doi va tuong ddi Bdo eao phdt men ngudi nam 2013 cua UNDP xep Viet Nam vao danh sach hon 40 qudc gia dang phdt trien dat dupe nMgu tien bd ban ca ve pbat trien eon ngudi ttong nhiing thap men gan day Song, boi canh Men nay, nhan loai da va dang cd nhiing budc tign rat dai ttong cMgn lupc va thuc tign pbdt trien ngudi Cimg vdi do, su phat trign nhu vu bao ciia cudc each mang khoa hpc - cdng nghe, eiia xu thg hdi nhdp qudc te va phdt trien kinh te tri thiic ddi hdi chiing ta phai cd su phdt ttign nhanh ve chat lugng ngudi Viet Nara dg dap ung ygu cdu ciia phdt trien bgn viing Ben canh do, viee xay dung eon ngudi cdn nhigu ygu kdm, bat cap Cd thg thdy rd d mdy diem: thg luc eon ngudd Viet Nam ehua tdt, mat bang dan tri chua eao, trinh dp chuyen mdn va trinh khoa hoc, ky thuat cua ngudi lao ddng thap, tinh tu ehu, tu chiu trach nMem chira eao; tinh sang tao va kha nang tMch ung vdi nhiing bign ddi mdi ttong lao ddng vd cudc sdng chua tdt; tinh than hpc bdi va cM tign thu edn yeu NMeu van dg khde, nhu: su chgnh lech vg miic sdng va dieu kien sdng eiia ngudd dan giiia edc vung, mign, cdc dan tpc, edc bg phan dan cu; tmh trang thdt ngMep; tinh ttang mat dan chu Iam cho quygn eiia mdt bd phan khdng nhd nhdn ddn bi vi pham; su yeu kem vg y te vd cdng tac chdm sde siic khde cgng ddng; su yeu kem, bat cap gido due - dao tao; nan d nMem mdi ttrudng, b?nh dich; dac biet la suxudng cdp vg van hda, sir suy thoai vg dao diic, ldi sdng nhan cdch ma Nghi quyet Tnmg uong khda XI va Nghi quygt Trung uong khda XH cua Dang dd khdng dinh: "Tmh ttang suythoaivetu tudng chinh tri, dcio diie, ldi sdng ttong Dang va ttong xa bdi ed chigu budng gia tdng"'^', "Tinh ttang suy thodi tu tudng chinh tn, dao ddc, ldi sdng eiia mdt bd phdn khdng nhd can bd, dang vidn ehua bi day lui; cd mat, cd bd phan edn didn bien phiie tap hon"'^' Dieunay da va dang ttd luc can vd la thdch tbiic rat Idn cho su ngMep xdy dung, phdt trien ngudi Viet Nam ttong tinh hinh radi Su suy thoai vg ehinh tri, tu tudng duoc bieu Men d sir suy giam ban Unh ehinh tri, phai nhat ly tudng, bdng quan vdi cac van de xa hdi; thai dp thd o, vd ttach nhiem ddi vdi su ngMep each mang, thay viec dung khdng tt'ch cue iing hd, thay tieu cue cflng khdng dam ddu ttanh Da cd mpt bp phdn qudn chung dao ddng, hodi ngM vg Iy tudng each mang, ilng hd dudng di Idn CNTB Nguy hai hon Id Men nay, mdt bd phdn khdng nho can bg, dang vign bi eheeh hudng, mat mgm tin vao che dp, suy thoai ve chinh tri, tu tudng, dan den quan Ueu, dpc doan, ehuyen quyen, vi pham dan chii Nghi quygt Trung uang khda XII ciia Dang ta neu rd: "Tinh ttang suy thoai ve tu tudng cbinh tri, dao due, ldi sdng cua mdt bd phdn khdng nhd cdn bd, dang vien chua bi day lui, cd mat, cd bg phan edn dign bign tmh vi, phirc tap NMgu td cbiic Dang, dang vien cdn ban ehe nbdn thiic, la la, mat cdnh giac, lung tung nhdn dien vd dau tranh, ngan chdn "tudign bign", "tu chuydn bda"; viee dau tranh, phan bdc nhiing Man dieu sai trdi, xuygn tac cila cdc the lue thu dieh, td ehiic phan dgng, pban tii ca hgi, bdt man ehinh tri edn bi ddng, tMeu sde ben vd Meu qua chua eao"'^' Nhiing gid tti van bda, dao due ldi sdng tdt dep eiia ddn tdc va ngudi Viet Nam ed nMeu LYLUAN CHINH TRj-So 8/2019 U NGHIEN CLfU - PHAT TRI^N LY LUAN thay ddi, smh cdc vdn de pban gia tri: cbu ngbia tiiuc dung; khat vong ca nhan duoe day len eao, dan ddn ldi sdng phi nhdn tinh; tdn sung tien ngM vdt ebdt, ddng tien Dieu pban dnh biic tranb dao due xa hdi dang cd nguy co suy thoai nghigm Mdt bd phdn ttong dd cd khdng it can bd, dang vien, tbanb, thieu nien sdng sa dga, truy lac, eoi thudng chudn muc xa hgi; vudng vdo cde te nan xa hdi Xu hudng xem tiiudng, phu nhdn cdc gid tri van hda tmyen tiidng ddn tdc, chay theo ldi sdng thuc dung, cd nhan vi ky van tdn tai Tu Dai hdi VI, Dang ta da nhan dinh: ttong xa bdi ta dang dign cudc ddu ttanh gifla hai ldi sdng Mdt Id, ldi sdng cd ly tudng, lanh manb, trung tbuc, sdng bdng lao dgng cua minh, cd y thuc tdn ttgng vd bao ve cua cdng, cham lo lgi ich ciia tap the va dat nudc Hai la, loi song tiiuc dung, ddi tta, ieh ky, an bdm, ehay theo ddng tien NMeu ngudi xa rdi ly tuong vd dao dire each mang, xa rdi edc gia tn dan tdc, de cao tu tudng thuc dung, cd nhan cbu nghia, bat chap dao ly va phap ly Hdi nghi Trung uong Khda VUI da ddnh gia thuc ttang dao diic, ldi sdng d nudc ta cdn; "Te simg bdi nudc ngoai, coi thudng nhung gia di van bda ddn tdc, cbay theo ldi sdng thuc dung, cd nbdn vi ky dang gdy hai dgn tiiudn pbong my tuc cua dan tde"'=' Dieu ddng bdo ddng Id thuc ttang chua dugc ngan ehan vd ed cMeu budng gia tang ttong dieu kien mirc sdng chung cua xa hdi da dugc ndng Ign Thdi quen san xudt nhd, manh miin, tinh y lai, tmb cue bd dia pbuong, chu ngbia kinb nghiem, coi thudng phdp luat cdn phd bidn Hdng sd ndng ddn, ndng nghigp, ndng tiidn cua van hda Viet Nam da quy dinh nhting dac trung vg ldi sdng, vg quan niem pham chat va nang lue cua radi cd nbdn va cgng ddng Mdi trudng van hda - xa bgi trai qua nbung bien ddng manh mg, to Idn keo theo nMeu xdo LYLUAN CHINHTRI-So 8/2019 ttdn ve he gid tii, tiiang gia tri ve phdm chat va nang luc gitia cac tiie he Nhimg chudn muc cu bi phd bd, ttong kM gia tri mdi chua dupe Mnh thanh; cungvdi dd la sutac ddng cua nhiing tieu cue nudc vd ngoai nudc ldm leeh lac nhung gid tri dao dire, ldi sdng tmydn thdng Chign luoc xdy dung ngudi vd su quan ly cua Nba nudc ve cdc Unh vuc van hda - xa hdi, giao due - ddo tao edn nhieu ban che, thieu bgn vflng, thigu tinh ddng bd va lien thdng da lam han chg ngudn luc va hieu qua xdy dung ngudi Viet Nam Dd cdn la he qua eua tinh chat bao tiiil, tri tte cua tiidi quen xdu - vda tu each la mdt dang y tbiic xa hdi Nudc ta di len CNXH tu rapt nudc ndng nghiep lac hdu, ttmg la thudc dia cua thuc ddn, lai ttai qua cMen ttanh Idu ddi, ngudi Viet Nam ben eanb nhflng dire tinh, phdm chat tdt van cdn nhigu thdi quen xau: chii nghia cahdi, be phdi; hdm danh; thigu y thuc tuan thii phdp ludt; lang phi; kha nang ldm viec tdp the chua cao Rd rang, dg tao dung duge dien mao ngudi Viet Nam cho phdt ttign bgn viing, sang tao vd bao trum rat cdn tien hanh dong bp cde chuong trinh, muc tieu cu the, lau dai D {'i),[^]f)CSVN: Van kien Dai hdi dai biiu toan qudc lan diuXIL Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia, Hd Npi, 2016, tt.90,22 (2) DCSVN; Van kien Hoi nghi lan thu chin Ban Chap hanh Trung uong khoa XI, Nxb Chinhtiiquoc gia, HaNoi,2014,tr.44 (4) DCSVN: Van kien Hoi nghi lan thu tuBan Chap hanh Trung uong khda XII, Nxb Chinh tti qudc gia, HaN6i,2016,tt.22 (5) DCSVN: Van kien Hoi nghi lan thu nam, Ban Chip hanh Trung uang khoa VUI, Nxb Chinh tri Qudc gia, Ha N6i, 1998, tt.46  ... phdt trien hgp tai Rio de Janeiro (Braxin) nam 1992 vd Hdi nghi Thugng dinh thg gidi vg phdt trign ben vung bpp tai Johannesburg (Cdng bda Nam Phi) nam 2002 da xac dinh rdng, phdt ttign ben vimg... hien mdi Viet Nam budc vdo mdt mdi trudng rdng mo hon, da gia nhdp nhieu td ehiic qudc tg O radi trudng rdng Idn ndy, ngudi Viet Nam cd the phdt trign nhanh bon trudc Sau han 30 nam tign hdnh... toan cau hda da mang lai nhigu ea hdi cho Viet Nam giao luu vdi cac nudc tten the gidi, md rdng quan he kinb te, chinh tri, ngoai giao Tuy nMgn, Viet Nam eiing gidng nhunMgu nude khde tten the gidi