NGHIEN CirU - TRAO Od\ ITir bien chihig voii M ni6i va phat trien bin vflhgdntfdcta hien • ThS DUaNG QUYNH HOA Tap doan Dau ldng c&:h n^ing tien phong Cd the ndi, cdn phai hudng den dn dinh vd phat trien tim quy md qudc tl, gan kit him ca va cd tinh h? didng giiia ly luan doi mm khu vyc vd torn cau theo dinh hudngxa hpi cha nghia ly ludn phdt trien ben Trong bdi canh va dioi kien dd, viec thay ddi tu vimg vd hien ddi hoa cua Viet Nam hgi Ttimp ve phat trien, xdy dung mgt quan niem mdi, hinh mdt sau rong vao ddi sdng qudc t& Hinh ftdnh mpt h? mgt trilt ly mdi vephdt trien vkphdt triin bin vimg la tiidng quan dilm ly luan vl CNXH vdi tdm dgc tnmg yeu cau tdt yeu va buc xiic Ddi mdi tu duy, hinh ciia xd hgi xa hpi chii tigl^ aini p/iuong AwOTJg (md hinh nhan thiic ly luan mdi dk ddi mdi hanh dpng, ddi moi va dudng) xay dung CNXH, tdm mdi quan h? Idn phuong thiic lanh dao, quan ly tu chinh tri dSn kinh t% mang tinh qi^ hiat cua ddi mdi vd hgi iihap'> - la thdnh 36 Ly laSn cliinh tri & Ik'ayen thdng Sd'thang 5-2016 N G H I N CCFU - TRAO l tyu ly luan ciia Ddng ta ddi mdi, cd coi ngudn sdu xd hpi Vugt cupc khiii^ hodng nang n6 ndy, vuc ea xa td thye tiln vd tdng kit thyctiSnvdi quan dilm vd mdt nen kinh te tii tr$ va suy thorn "da den ddy" - ndi phuang phap sang t^o cua Ddng nhu cdc chuyen gia kinh te, chiing ta phdi di qua mpt thdp Ve thuc tiin, nhd cd nang lyc tir bien chimg tu 1^ ddu ddi mdi (1986 -1996), tao lap dn dinh, ldy da tang ly ludn khoa hgc vd cdch mgng tu dot moi vdtrudng, lam cho hoat ddng san xudt - kinh doanh nang sdng tgo ma Dang ta - ngudi khdi xudng vd lanh dao dpng, cdi Alien rdretddi sdng nhan ddn nhd vao thuc lifc cdng cugc ddi mdi todn dien d nude ta, da xdc dinh diing va tiem /«c kinh te ciia chinh minh, dupe nudi dudng va cac quan dilm va nguyen tdc ddi mdi, lya chgn cdc Unh phat huy bdi dpng lue doi mdi, md ciia vd hgi nh^, bdi tiiiic va budc di phu hgp trongtientiinh ddi mdi, sang sire ddy oia dan chu hda, nhdt Id ddn chii hda kinh te va tgo vd linh boat ve phuong phap vd bien phdp, ban thi chinh tii, bdi muc tiiu ddytinhnhan van, lliyc hi$n tien niia, ludn nhdt quan v6 phuong hudng chinh tri, ca bd va cdng bang xa hpi, vi cugc sdng ciia nhdn ddn, vi sy khitinhhinh Uong nude va quoc tl diln biln phiic tap, thy hudr^ Igi ich ehinh dang cua moi ngudi dan - ca vat nhat la khiing hodng kinh te - xa hgi trdm trgng giai doan chit lan tinh than Lien Xd va cdc nude xa hpi chii nghia Ddng Au tan va, Di qua mpt th^ ky ddi mdi tiqj theo (1996 - 2006), trat ty ihi gidi thay ddi, CNXH hi?n thyc ciing nhu nude ta chii dpng hpi nh^ qudc te, da kit hpp ndi lyc ben phong trao each m ^ g flil gidi lam vdo khiing hodng vd vdi ngoai luc bSn ngodi d6 d ^ ling yeu cau phat thoai trao Tror^ tinh hudng thit thdch hiem ngheo dd, trien, vugtrakhdi danh sach nude ngheo, kem phdt trien khdng de xdy dao dong ve quan diem va dudng ldi, Vd thdp kytiiitba ciia doi mdi, tu Dai hpi X den hit khong mat phuong hudng chinh tri, kien dinh ly tudng nhiem ky Dai hpi XI (2006 - 2016) Dang vd nhan ddn ta vd muctieu,viing budc iheo dudng da chpn, dd la da nd luc vugt qua bao khd khan tii ben ngoai lan ben bao ddm hdng dau, cd tdm quan trpng ehien luge ddi vdi trong, tiep tyc giii viing dn djnh chinh tri - xa hpi, tiep mgi thing Igi ciia each mang, ddi vdi cdng cua ddi tue phdt tnen manh me kmh tl thi tnrdng, ddy manh su mdi md thuc te ^ xdc nhdn rang, nhiingtiianhtyu cua nghiep cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda gan vdi phat trien 30 nam ddi mdi la to Idn, coy nghia lich sit kinh tl tri thiic, bao v§ moi trudng ddng thditichcue, Chinh nhd phdm chat vd nang lyc tu bien chiing chii dpng hdi nhap sau rong vao ddi sdng qudc te Nhd ciia Ddng thS h i ^ Uong tu lanh d^, quan ly d tdm nhimg budctientrong thyctiendo, chiing ta da khong vimo, chien luae, cung vdi kinh nghi?m chinh tri phong ngiing cung el siic manh dai dodn kit todn ddn ^e, phat phii vd ban Imh chinh tri ciia mot Dang da trdi qua lich huy ddn cbii vd thuc hanh dan chu rpng lai lam co sd tao sir ddu tranh cdch m ^ g ve vang hon 80 nam, vuot qua lap virng chac ddngtiiudnxa hdi Dd la co sd chinh tri mudn van thii thach, va da cam quyen Uen tue han bay xa hdi quan trpng bao dam cho nhan dan ta dudi sy lanh muoi ndm md Dang ta da nhay ben, sang sudt nhin dao ciia Dang cd siic manh ^ g hgp de xdy dung CNXH ro xu the phdt trien tdt yeu ciia lich sii, tuong lai vd trien gan lien vdi bdo ve Td quoc xa hgi chii nghia, giii viing vpng cua CNXH Do dd, memtinciia Dang va ciia nhan dpc % chii quyen, toan ven lanh thd bdi canh the ddn ta vdo CNXH la mpt niem tin Idtoa hgc Doi mdi gidi, qudc tl va khu vuc dien bien phire tap Dai hpi Idn thii XU cua Dang da d6ranhung quylt I theo dinh hudng xd hpi chu nghia de xdy dung thdnh edng CNXH - mpt CNXHflidmnhuan quan diem thifi: sach quan trpng ddi vdi su phdt trien dat nude J tien, ddi m&i vkphdt trien, the hien sau sac tinh ddn tdcnam tdi,tiieophuang hudng ddi mdi ddng bp giiia kinh vd nhdn ddn di sdn H6 Chi Minh - "din giau, nude te va chinh tri, nhdn manh nhipm vu hang dau la xay mgnh, ddn chu, cdng bdng, van minh" Dd Id mot quylt dung chinh don Dang, ldm eho Ddng thtfc su sach, sach diing ddn vd sdng suit ciia Dang, phii hgp vol xu viing mgnh thifc stf ngang tdm nhiem vu Dang ta ciing nhSn mgnh, de nang eao nang lyc lanh dao vd siic chi&i the ehung cua then dai vd the gim, diing quy ludt vd hgp dau cua Dang tinh hinh mdi, trudc yeu cdu mdi long ddn, y ddn ^_ Thi vd lye ciia Vi?t Nam ngdy da khac xa thdi phai dac biet coi trpng xdy dyng Dang toan dien, tir chiiA ;, ky trudc ddi mdi, nhat la ben them ddi mdi, chiing ta tri, td chijc, den ddi mdi cdng tdc tu tudng, ly ludn, xay lam vao "lam phat phi ma" (774%), nin kmh te suy ki^t, dyng Ddng vS dao diic va van hda I, gdn nhu dl va, khCing hodng tram trpng cd v% kinh te va Dd Id nhiing i£em mdi, quan trpng ddi mdi tu Sd thdng 5-2016 Ly luan chinh tri & Truyen thdng 37 NGHIEN CCrU - TRAO D O I duy, tu ly ludn chinh tii ciia Dang Cung tai Dai hgi tu hetiidng- chinh the, thdy rd bdn chdt, xu huong Xn, Ddng da dinh hinh vd cd nhiing phat trien mdi ve/y biln ddi va phat trien ihdng qua cac quan he tuong tac lugn Idnh te thi trudng dinh hudng xd hpi ehu nghia,Idn mpt cdch bien chiing, cd mautiiudn,khdc biet, khang djnh dirt khoat dd la nen kinh tl van hanh theo quy xung dot ma cung cd nhung tuong ddng, thong n luat thi trudng, la mgt nen kmh te thi tmdng hien dai, cd phdt trien ndng hrc hgi nh^ qudc tl, lay khoa hpc - edng n ^ e tien Tu bi?n chiing ve phattiienxd hdi va nguoi tiln ldm dgng lyc phat trien ve nang sudt, chdt lugng, bieu ddi hdi d chii thi nang luc xu ly hdi hda cdc quan hi qua, cd quan ly ciia nhd nude phap quyen vd Dang ndng luc phdn tich - tong hgp vd du bdo Nhiing thupc Cdng sdn lanh dao, thyc hien mucti6u"ddn giau, nuoc tinh, phdm chdt dd cua tu bien chiing ddi %) vdi tu manh, dan chu, cdng bdng van minh" Quan niem dat sieu hinh, giiip chiing ta nhantiiiicvd gidi quylt mii CO sd ly hidn cho viec hoan thientiieche, doi mdi chinh quan he Idn, tdng qudt bao tiiim giiia tiidi ca va tij^ sdch, CO chi, ddi mdi md hinh tang trudng theo chiai sdu, tiiiic phat tnen, nhdt la vdi yeu cdu phdt men bin tai cdu tnic nen kinh te, ddu tu ngudn luc va doi mdi viing dang dat phuong thiic phdn bd cdc ngudn luc cho hgp ly, hieu Thdi CO (hay cdn ggi Id co may, van hgi) xudt hi?n qud de bao dam phat tnen nhanh vd bin viing vd tin tai mpt each khdch quan, phd bien hodn canh, Dd la nhung vi dytieubieu ve ddi mdi tu de thuc thdi cupc cua th6 gidi taoranhu toan cdu hoa, hgi nhap, ddy ddi mdi xa hdi ma Dang ta vdi trgng trach lanh dao khoa hgc - cdng nghe,flidngtin, kinh tltiitiiiic Thai vd cdm quyen dac biet quan tam, siic tdng ket ly ludn CO khdng phdi la sd hiiu dgc quyen cuariengai No tac - thuctilnde cd nhung dot pha mdi tit tu ly ludn den dpng toi mpi chii the, d mpi khdng gian khac vi dudng ldi, chinh sdch, the che, ca ch6 dua dat nude budc xudt hien nhiing thdi gian xdc dmh, cu the, cd vao mpt thdi kyphdt trien moi, thdi ky cua nhiing dan chi a mpt thai diem ddc biet ma neu khong man cam dS xen phitc tap giiia thdi co, van hpi mdi cua phat tiien nhdn biet, phdt hien va tan dung thi no se trdi di, tham phai tan (hmg vdi nhiing thdch thiic va nguy ca tren chi rat nhanh, khdng bao gid trd lai Khdng phai ciing tan dung dugc thdi CO nhu nhau, ngang Thanh h^ duong phat trien phdi vugt qua Phat trien nang lyc tir bi^n chung - ySu cau bai, thing hay thua Uong the gidi todn cau, canh tranh quan trgng hang dau ho^t dgng ly lu^n - thyc gay gat thupc d chd, ngudi cd nam dupe th6ng tin ve thdi ea vd cd phan ling mau le, de quylt sach, tiln cua Dang vd cua can b$ dang viSn hi^n Tu bien ehiing ve phat trien ddi hdi chung ta giai phap diing de tan dung hay khdng Cdc doanh nhan tmdc hit phdi nhdn thuc dung vaxirly tot cac moi quan tdi nang, cac tap doan sdn xudt - kinh doanh manh, CQ sat hang ngdy vdi thdng tin vd thi tmdng, cd ddudc cW&i he nhu Dang ta da timg nhdn manh Thdi CO va thach thirc dat nhimg thuan Igi va luge, ed triet ly kinh doanh tdt, dat tdi dinh cao, nhung khd khan Dd la mpt quan h§ Idn, bao tnim phai cac ddi thii khac ciia hg ldm vdo khimg hoang, nhdnfliiicdiing vd xii ly tdt Tinh phirc tj^ cua moi quan phd san, mdt phuong hudng va trien vpng la nhiing vi he ndy Id d chd, dd la sy tac dpng qua lai giiia khaeh quan dytieubieu eho ta suy ngam ve nang lyc tu bi?n vd chu quan ddi bdi chii die nhan thiic vd hanh dgng phdi chiing - tu di^ phdt tiien cd tam nhin chien luge (biit nhin xa rdng), cd nang Ddi vdi Dang va Nhd nudc ciing vdy, di nhiSn d mOt lyc tu ddc lap va sang tao,tiepthu nhiingtiianhqua tiim vdc va quy md Idn hon nhilu vd liSn quan din bofdi^ ciiatilnbp, van minhtiithe gidi b6n ngodi dl v ^ dyng, dinh dudng loi chiln luge phdt triin aia cd nudc vd ctf &p dung vdo nudc mpt cdch co chgn Igc, co ddu chinh 6c sach, quylt sdch d tam qu6c gia, phdi tinh todn cAn phe phdn, khdng chip, bat ehudc mdy mdc; dong nhdc nhieu chieutiongquan h§ d6i n^, d^ ngo^i IJWIS thdi, tranh thai dp h^p hoi, bi?t phdi, ty lay minh ldm hien tai gi!^« vdtilltinhcd viln cdnh AW, Naig lyc W chudn de khudc tii hgc tdp kmh nghi?m ngodi minh, roi bi$n chimg Id nang lyc tti tu§ vd ban Unh sang t^o cua vdo tri tre, bdo thu, ty ddnh mat ca hgi phdt trien lanh dao c ^ chiln luge, Nang lyc tu b i ^ chiing gdn liln vdi ndng lyc Tir each nhln dd, cd thi nhdn rd, nlu tiidi co dwc sang lao, sy nhgiy b ^ nh^y cam tmdc cdi mdi, cd quan t ^ dyng diing Iiic, kjptiidi,cd hi^u qud thitillchit d^ng diem todn di?n - lich sir cu the, tu ddng, nang dOng, se tang ISn,tiiu^nIgi d[t^ phdt huy Dd la sire m ^ lim Ly l o a n c h i n h t r i & T r u y e n t h o n g Sd thdng 5-2016 NGHIEN CtPU-TRAO l chotiiachthiic giam di, ylu di, tao dugc da eho phat tiiln nguyen tinh thai su, cdp bach, van cd tdc dyng chi dao Thai CO bi bd 16, ddnh gia khong diing, cham tri nhdntiiiicvd hdnh dpng cua toan Ddng, todn ddn ta ti^ tiong cdc quyet djnh can tiiilt thi khd khan se tdng len, dudng ddi mdi vd phdt trien, phdng ngiia va ngan the va lyc dSu yeu di, se bi dpng vd liing tiing nhilu hon chan nguy eo ciia phdn phdt triin, nhdt Id vdi tac ddng tnrdc nhiing bien ddi phiic t ^ , thdm chi cd nhung dot tu mat trdi cua kinh te thi trudng, md eiia, hdi nhap Nghi bien khdng the xii ly kip Trong hoan cdnh dy, cdc thdch quyet Trung uong 4, khoa XI "Ve mpt sd vdn de cap thuc v6n CO se tang len d miic gay gk hon ldm cho bach xdy dung Dang hien nay" la mpt nghi quyet chu till vap phdi nhung khd khan nhilu hon, Idn hon lich sir Dang ta vdi tdm nhin chien luge, vdi tu bien Trong mgt tr^g thai khde, nlu thdch tiiiic (vd cd chung, van dung sang tao chi ddn cua chu nghia Mac nguy co) dugc nhan biit diing, dupe phat hi$n sdm, cd Lemn vd tu tudng Hd Chi Minh ve Dang va xay dyng Thai dQ chii ddng va phuang hudng xii ly phii hgp, nhdt Ddng, nhat la OiDng dieu kien Ddng cdm quyen Dang la ap dyng dupe nhiing giai p h ^ chinh xae, tim dugc dam trdch sit menh lanh dgo vd cdm quyenfrongmgt xa cac dieu kien (cdc ngudn luc) thyc hien hiiu hi?u cdc gjai hgi ddi mdi, md ciia, hdi nhap, co nha nudc p h ^ quyen phap derathi thdch thiic dugc gidi quyet, tiic la vugt qua va dan chii cang md rpng da chi ro tinh trang suy dugc thach thirc EHeu tiiy thuge vdo no lyc sang tao tiiodi tu tudng chinh tri, dao due, ldi sdng d mpt bg phan ciia chu the, ciia nhdn td chu quan Theo diing phep bien khdng nhd can bo, dang vien (va ea xa hpi) la chiing ciia phdt tiiln, mgt thachtiiircdupe vuot qua nghiem trgng, \aph6 bien, hdu qud ngng ne Neu khong thi ty nd lai lam xuat hien nhiing thdi ea mdi dl phat vuot qua dugc, se dat sinh menh cua Ddng va su tin vong cua chS trudc nhiing thach thiic mat, cdn tnen tot ban, nhanh hon Dai hdi XII da die biet nhan manh nhiem vu trpng Thuc tien 30 nam ddi mdi da cho thdy nhung kinh nghiem va bai hpc kinh nghiem quy bdu, cd gja tri ly tdm hang dau la xay dyng, chinh don Dang, kien quyet luan va co y nglua thyc tien ciia Dang vd Nha nudc ta va kien tri thyc hien Nghi qi^'lt Tning uong 4, khda XI, viec gidi bai toan phdt Uien kinh te - xa hdi d nude ldm cho Ddng ihuc su sgch viing mgnh ve mat ta tir khiing hodng tdi on dinh, tir dn dinh tdi phdt trienehinh tri, la mdt quyet tam Idn, mpt hanh dpng diing thdng qua nd lyc ddi mdi vdi phuong phdp sang tao, cam, ddy trach nhiem ciia Dang Qudc nhdn dan; ve mat budc di phii hpp, quan diem nhdt quan va nhdt la biit tri tue khoa hgc, the hien nang lye tu bien chiing, tu ly ludn khoa hpc ciia Dang, nhdt la suphdt trien ly each khai ddy siic sang tao vd tan cua qudn chiing Ddi mdi 30 nam qua va hi&i da cho thdy, nang lugn ve Ddng Cong sdn cdm quyen, nhdt cdm quye lyc tu blfn ehiing ciia E)dng, quan niem ve phat trien cua Dang ta Van kien Dai hoi XQ, nfiu ro nd lyc ciia vd h i ^ d^ hda ddt nudc cua Dang ta da ed sy trudng tiianh rd r^t tir birdng hgc thm:tienvT d^i Id cugc sdng toan Dang, toan dan, toan quan phat trien manh me kinh tl, tang cudngtiemlyc cho an ninh qudc phdng dl va ddi moi Dang ta khdng chi nhdntiiiicrd va diing veflidica vd kien quyet, kien tri bao ve dpc \sp chii quyen, toan ven tiiachtiiiicma cdn kiptiidideraquylt sach gidi quylt yeu lanh thofrongtinh hinh mdi, tiep tue thyc hien thdnh cdu ^ theo diing myctieu"dan giau, nudc in?nh, dan cdng cdc ddt phd chien luac da dac biet nhdn manh chii, cdngrang,van minh", tii Dai hdi VI den Dai hdi XI phdi siic ddi mdi chinh tri, nhdt Id xay dyng, chinh ddn vd hi?n dangrasiic dua Nghi quylt Dai hOi XQ vdo Ddng, ddng bp vdi ddi mdi kinh tl Dd la tihiing minh cupc sdng Rd nhdt Id nhiing tu tudng Idn md Ddng de ehiing xae thyc cho sy phat trien nang lyc tu bien Cuong Imh (1991,2011) va cac chien luge chiing cua Dang, cua cdc td chiic dang ca nudc va cua dpi ngu 4,5 trieu dang vien dang doan ket chien ddu phdt triin (1990 - 2000,2001 - 2010,2010 - 2020) Han 20 nam tiude day, tai Hdi nghi toan qudc cua dudi su lanh dao ciia Ban C h ^ hanh Trung uong, dua Ddng, giiia n h i ^ ky khda VE (1994), E>ang ta da phat sy nghi^ ddi mdi d nudc ta tditiianhcongn hi^n bin nguy ca (lac hau va tut hau xa hon; ch?ch hudng xd b^i chit nghla; quan heu -tiiamnhiing va diln (1) E ) ^ C$tig s ^ Vi?t Nam, Ban chi d?o ting ket "BAo cao bien hda binh, "ty dien bien", "ty chuyen hda") Phdt ^ g kit mgt s6 v&i d6 ly l u ^ - diuc tien qua 30 nSm dli moi (19S6 h i ^ dd d tdm dv bdo vd cdnh bdo cho den vdn cdn ^ 2016)" Nxb.CrQG H ,2015 Sd'thang 5-2016 Ly lu^n chinh tri & Ik'uyon thdng ... nhu cdc chuyen gia kinh te, chiing ta phdi di qua mpt thdp Ve thuc tiin, nhd cd nang lyc tir bien chimg tu 1^ ddu ddi mdi (1986 -1996), tao lap dn dinh, ldy da tang ly ludn khoa hgc vd cdch mgng... vd tin tai mpt each khdch quan, phd bien hodn canh, Dd la nhung vi dytieubieu ve ddi mdi tu de thuc thdi cupc cua th6 gidi taoranhu toan cdu hoa, hgi nhap, ddy ddi mdi xa hdi ma Dang ta vdi trgng... ddc biet ma neu khong man cam dS xen phitc tap giiia thdi co, van hpi mdi cua phat tiien nhdn biet, phdt hien va tan dung thi no se trdi di, tham phai tan (hmg vdi nhiing thdch thiic va nguy ca