|1 K h o a h p c X S hoi va N h a n vSn Hoa nhap xa hoi cua lao dong nhap c\i ngheo tai cac thj Viet Nam: (5 s-1) G S^ phan tich lii goc mang ii/6i xa hoi I Pham Van Quyef, Tran Van Kham Trmng Bgi hpc Khoa hoc Xa hpi va Nhan van Bai hpc Quoc gia Ha Npi Ngay nhan bai 13.8.2015, chuygn phan bi§n 17,8.2015, nhan phan bien 15.9.2015, ng^y chap nhan dang 21 9.2015 \ TVong nhilu nghiSn cihi vh hoa nhSp xa hgi, mang lu-61 xa h6i luon du-ffc xem x6t nhir mgt to nhieu y nghia va Idiong thl thifiu D I xem xet hoa nh^p xa hoi cua nhom lao d^ng nhap cir ngheo tai cac dd thj Viet Nam hi^n nay, nghien ciru da ti^n hanh phan tich nh^m lam ro vifc sir dyng c^c m6 hinh mang ImH xa hoi cua nhom lao dgng mgt so linh vvc hoat dgng song cor ban, nhir tim kiem vifc lam, sioh hoat giao tiep hang ngay, giai quyet cac kho khan gap phai va c^c boat dgng c6 thoi gian nh^n rdi Ket qua nghi€n cihi thurc nghiem ve viec sir dung cac kieu mang luoi xa hgi cho thay nhirng kho khan, tra ngai ma nhom lao d6ng nh^p cir ngheo gap phai qua trinh hoa nhap vao cugc song moi tai cic d6 thi Viet Nam hifn Tu khoa: hoa nhdp xd hpi, lao dpng nhap cu ngheo, mang lu&i xd hpi Chisd phdn loai 5.4 '• ".^ Din nhap Social inclusion ofthe poor migrant workers in Vietnamese urbans: a social network based analysis Summary In recent researches on social inclusion, the factor of social network is significant and being included in almost researches On looking and analyzing the social inclusion of the poor migrant workers in the urbans in contemporary life of Vietnam, this research analyzed the ways in which the migrants f applied the social networks in their life ^ experiences such as looking for job, daily ^ communication, in their problem solving, \ and free activities Findings from the \ experiment on social network usage showed j, that there were existences of barriers for the I migrants on their inclusion into the new life in \^etnamese urbans contemporarily Keywprds: poor migrant inclusion, social network worker, Classification number '> d social Toe do tbl boa nhanh chong ciia Viet Namfronghon hai thap ky qua da lam manh len dong di cu hi nong thon thi, co dong di cu cua nguoi lao dong tu cac viing nong thon hai thi lon cua d4t nuac Kem theo dong di cu la hang loat van d^ xa hpi sinh dai s6ng thj va vai chinh nguoi nhap cu, n6i bat la van de hoa nhap cua nguoi di cu vao doi s6ng thi Mgt so nghien cuu a Viet Nam thai gian qua cung da de cap den van de hoa nhap xa hdi cua nguoi di ca, co the ke den nhu la: nghien cmi vk cac vdn dk xa hgi, vkn de quan ly di dan va xay dimg cac mo binb dich vu cho nguai di cu lao dong o cac thi cua Dang Nguyen Anh (1999), Le B^cb Duong va Nguyin Thanh Liem (2011), Tran Xuan CSu (2007); nghien cuu v8 su tham gia xa hoi cua lao dong nhap cu ngheo cua Pham Van Quyk va TrSn Van Kham (2015) Nhin chung, cac nghien ciiu gkn day ciia Viet Nam da nhin nhan vkn dk lao dgng nhap cu tai cac thi a nhiSu goc do: vai tro cua hoat dong d6i vai su phat trien xa hpi, cac van de xa hpi, cac van de quan ly, cac chinh sach, cac djch vu xa hpi ckn cho nguai di cir Bai viet tap trung phan tich sau vh vkn dk hoa nhap xa hoi duai goc nhin cua mang luai xa hpi a lao dpng nhap cu ngheo, mpt v4n d^ duong nhu thi§u vang frong cac nghien cuu da co, vai mong muon cung cap nhung chiing cu khoa hpc cho cac chinh sach thiic dky qua trinh hoa nhap ciia iao dpng nhap cu ngheo a moi fruong song moi *Tdcgid lien hf Email: quyetpv@vnu.edu.vn 28 Khoa hoc Xa hpi va Nhan vSn Nghien cihi dugc phan tich fren quan diem ly thuyet ve hoa nbsip xa hgi frong nbung nghien cuu ve di cu, tao d i ^ g cac mo hinh frg giiip xa hpi cbo nhijng doi tugng yeu the frong qua trinh boa nhap xa hpi Hoa nhap xa bdi la m0t chii dich xa bpi ma a mpi ca nhan dirge tham gia vao cac boat dpng chung ciia xa bpi, dugc the hien vai fro, tieng noi va sir anh huang cua ca nhan, cung nhu phat huy dugc cai chung ciia xa hpi [1], Hoa nb^p xa hpi ciia nhom lao dpng nhap cu kbong nhung giiip dam bao ve quyen song, cu tni va su binh dang xa hgi, ma tao cac dieu kien thuan lgi cbo sinb ke va su phat trien cua hp, huang den tri on dinh dai song thi va frat tu xa hpi Theo buong tiep can da chieu, hoa nhap xa bpi nhu mpt dinh huang nghien ciiu nham tao dung su phat trien ben vimg ciia xa hpi, khong chi dupc nhin a goc dp boa nhap ve kinh te nhu thu nhap, viec lam ma ca cac chieu canh khac nhu sir tham gia xa hpi, mang luai xa hgi (von xa hgi) va cac dich vu xa hgi Vi the, nghien cuu danh gia ve hoa nhap xa hgi cua lao dong nhap cu ngheo khong the khong de cap den mang luai xa hgi cua bp frong dai song tai cac thi Mang luai xa hpi la mpt chieu canh khong the thieu cac nghien cuu danh gia ve hoa nhap xa hpi [2, 3] Nhieu tac gia nghien cuu ve von xa hgi da de cap dSn mang luai xa hpi: Bourdieu cho rang, von xa hpi la tap hgp nhung nguon lire thuc te gan lien voi viec nam giii mpt mang luai ben viing gom cac moi quan he quen biSt va thira nhan lln [4]; Kollmair M va St Gamper (2002) xac dinh, "v6n xa hpi dugc su dung nhu mang luoi va su ket noi va kha nang hgp tac giiia cac vien frong cac nhom chinh thiic" [5] Theo do, noi vk mang luai xa hpi la de cap den von xa hgi, d6ng thai cung la su tuang tac va quan he xa hgi giua cac ca nhan Trong nghien ciiu nay, mang ludi xa hgi dupc xem xet nhu tap hap cac moi quan he xa hgi ngucri tao nen va tri cugc song cua minh No gom tap hgp cac quan he tir quan he gia dinh, hg hang, ban be den cac quan he to chiic, doan the, hiep hgi Le Nggc Hiing (2008) da chia mo hinh mang luoi xa hgi: mo hinh kieu truyen thong dac tnmg boi cac quan he gia dinh, hg tgc, nguai than quen; mo hinh kieu hien dai dac tnmg voi moi quan he chuc nang cua ca nhan to chiic va thiet che chinh thiic; mo hinh kieu h6n hgp la su ket hgp cua mo trinh fren [4] Lao dpng nhap cu ngheo la nhom nguoi lao dpng di cu tir nong thon thi vai dpng ca chii yeu la "kiem KHOAHOC iK^HfillGHl VietHalm4(5)5.2016 song" Su ngheo kho ciia hp dugc xac dinh mot each tuang doi so vai nhom lao dpng nhap cu noi chung Dac trung co ban ciia hp la lao dpng gian dan, khong tay nghe hoac moi hpc nghe, thu nhap thap, hau bet kliong hp khau a pho, thieu cac dieu kien ve sinh boat, nha a, tien nghi va cac dich vu xa hgi; hp hoan toan xa la vai tam ly, loi song, van hoa va each ling xii a thi , Trong doi song cpng dong cu dan thi, hg fra nen de bi ton thuang Do ciing chinh la co sa tao nen nhirng diem dac tnmg frong mang luai xa hgi cua hg, anh huong rat nhieu den qua frinh hoa nhap xa hgi cua hg vai moi truang song va lam viec tai cac thi Co sa dir lieu thuc nghiem ehu yeu cho phan tich cac van de lien quan nghien cuu la ket qua dieu fra han 1.000 lao dgng ngheo nhap cu vao Ha Ngi va TP Ho Chi Mmh frong thai gian gan day Day cung la mpt phan cua de tai nghien ciiu Nafosted tai frg "Cac quan diem ly thuyet ve hoa nhap xa hpi va hoa nhap xa hgi ciia nhom lao dpng ngheo nhap cu vao cae thi nuoc ta qua trinh cong nghiep hoa va hien dai hoa" Trucmg Dai hpc Khoa hgc Xa hpi va Nhan van, Dai hpc Quoc gia Ha Npi chu tri thuc hien giai doan 2014-2015, Bmgl.m,, ddc ti-img ca bdn cua mi ( dieii tra dmh luong Cac flac trimg So lugng nguiri duac khiio sat (ngu