TAP CHl KHOA HOC XA HOl sd (199) 2015 TU' QUAN DIEM CUA LOUIS WIRTH NHIN Vfe LOl S N G CUA NGUOI DAN THANH PHO H C H I MINH TON NO QUYNH TRAN Vdi bii tiiu luan Urbanism as a Way of Life, Louis Wirth, mdt viin trudng phii Chicago ndi tiing vao nCra dau thi kf XX, da neu ten eac dae trung vi ldi sdng dd thi nhu mgt su tuang phan vdi loi song ndng thdn tren nhieu khia canh ca ban tir chinh cic nghien ciru thuc te tai phd Chicago Bii viit ddi chiiu va chi nhirng mCrc phu hap giua cac quan diem cOa Louis Wirth vdi eac die trung vi Idi sdng eOa ngudi din dd thi Sal Gdn - TPHCM Cic bdi canh kinh te, van hda, xi hdi da dang cOa cic thinh phd da dinh hinh Idi sdng xa hdi dd thi da dang, bao gdm ca vi$c luu giir qui khir a nhung mire dg khie trgng tdng thinh phd TCr CAC QUAN D I S M C O A LOUIS WIRTH v e L SliNG OO THj TrSn n i n tang cdc nghien edg v i thj, Louis Wirth (1938, tr 1-24) eho ring s y chuyin d i i t d xa hpi nong thon sang xa hpi dd thj diln vdng mpt t h i he d nhung khu vye cong nghiep hda, da keo theo nhung s u thay d i i ldn lao trSn h l u h i t cac khia eanh eua cuSc sing xd hdi T y dd, dS thi va nong thSn ed t h i duge col nhu hai eye n i u xet d khia canh b l tri s y djnh eu cua ngudi Ong dua quan d i l m rang tai eae p h i cdng ldn, edng dSng due va cang khong dong nhit thi l l i s i n g dd thj cang the hien ro rang nhung dae d i l m eua nd Mat dp dan s l cao la s y t h i hien d l y dO nhat s y dong due dan c u gidi han ciia mpt vung va la tiSu chi e i n thiit d i tae nen Tdn NO Quynh Tidn Phd gido su tiln sT Trung tdm Nghidn cdu Dd thj vd Phdt triln Nghidn cuu ndy dirpc tdi trp bdi Quy Phdt triln Khoa hpc vd cdng nghd QuIc gia (NAFOSTED) md sd dd tdi IVI 3-2011 mpt thj, cdn tinh khong ding nhit eung la mSt tiSu ehi t h i hien tinh chit riSng biSt eua cuSc s i n g dS thj 1.1 Tinh c h i t eua thj Tinh khdng ddng nhat Do kha nang t y tai san xuit dan s l thip, dd thj phai thu nhan thSm ngydi nhap eu tu eae ngi khae, dae biSt la t u thon quS Do dd, v i mat lich sd, p h i la ngi trSn lan cae chiing tpc, dan tpc va van hda khae nhag, d i n g thdi nd la nai ugm m i m t i t nhit chp s y lai giing van hda Thanh p h i da k i t hgp nhung ngudi tu mpi nai tren d i t nude vd ea t h i gidi tao sy khae biSt vd h i trg ldn nhau, thay vi la d i n g nhit vd cd eung khuynh hudng tu nhu S i lugng ea nhan tham gia qua trinh giao luu hpi nhap cang Idn thi s u khae biSt t i i m tang giua hp eung cdng cap Do dd, dac dilm cd nhdn, n g h i nghiSp, eupe s i n g van hda vd tu eua cac cu dan dd thj khdc r i t nhiiu so vdi dan eu d viing ndng thdn M i i quan hS hp hang va tinh cam ldng TON NLT Q U Y N H TRAN - TCf QUAN D I E M C U A LOUIS WIRTH giing xuit phat t d viec sing chung qua nhiiu t h i he theo mpt truyin thing dan gian ehung se khdng cd, va hoac gia n i u cd thi se r i t y i u mSt tdp hgp ddn eu dong dao vdi cae nguin g l e va n i n tang khae Trong nhung diiu kien nhu vay, s y eanh tranh va luat phap sS tao cae quan he mdi, thay t h i cho nhung quan hp dpan k i t v i n dygc giu gin t i n tai qua nhiiu t h i he, s u qgen biit cd nhan v i n cd gida cac eu dan ding huang cOng se mat di S u cpnh tranh dS thj r i t eao, vd thj la nai sing vd lam viSc ciia eae cd nhan v i n khdng cd quan he tinh cam vdi nhag Nhung moi quan he dya trSn eong viSe cpng vdi khoang each xd hpi ldn lam n i i bat s y khSng g i n bd giua ed nhdn vdi ca nhdn khae, eon ngudi sS trd nSn eS dpc Hp ldm viec d i ndng cac vj t h i eiia minh va Igi dgng lan Vd d l d i i phd vdi sy m i t trat t y cd t h i xay treng t h i gidi eanh tranh l y , cde hlnh thdc kilm seat xa hSi thj dugc hinh thdnh Olng h i vd den giao thSng la nhung hinh anh tugng trung cho n i n tang ciia trSt t y dS thj Cac y i u t l v i mat dp ddn s i , gid tri d i t dai, kha ndng tiip cdn, lgi ich eho sdc khde, gid tri t h i m m j , chit lugng mdi trudng quyit djnh gid tri cua mSt vung ddt p h i , vd cung vi t h i , ed nhung phan khuc c u dan khdc nhag Ngodi cac y i u t l thuSc v l vung d i t , edn ed y l g t i thgpc v i ngudi nhu la noi ldm viSe, ban chit cong viSc, thu nhpp, dac d i i m s i c tSc va ddn t$c, dja vj xa hpi, phpng tye, tap quan, •) thich, thj hiiu va djnh kiin Id nhung y l u t i quan trpng d l cae dang dan eu dd thj ehpn lua nai d va nhu thS dS thj dugc phan bo nhung vung dinh c u it nhilu ed sy phan biet Do dd, dd thj g i m nhung phin dan e y khae c u ngy mpt bdc tranh nhiiu mang eiia xd hpi, dd s u khae t d vung ndy sang vung khae r i t dpt ngdt Tinh di ddng xa hgi cao: S y tygng tde giua eae cd nhan cd nguin g i c khdc xa hdi dS thj dua d i n nhiiu kha nang pha v d biSn gidi ciia cae giai tang xa hSi Con ngudi thj ed eo hpi di dpng xa hpi eao hgn, cd eg may nhilu han viSe thay doi viSc lam, thay d i i v| tri xa hSi Con mpt ngudi tai x i taxi ed nhilu c a hdi trd thdnh mpt ngudi bdc sT hgn eon mpt ngudi ndng dan sing d ndng thdn Tinh di dpng xa hpi cao da lam cho viSe gid gin s y gan bd cua mdt t l chde ndo dd, quan he gin gui lag dai giya eae viSn trd nen vo eung khd khan Hien tugng cdc cd nhan rdi khdi eae eg quan da tung gan bd tao mSt ddng chay thay doi, lam cho ede hanh vi thj khd doan trude vd khd giaj quylt Su phan doan quan he gida cic ei nhan: Trong xa hpi dS thj vdi mat dS dan eu eao, m i i quan he toan vpn giua cdc cd nhan khdng t h i thyc hiSn dupe, ngudi dS thj gap nhung vai trd mang tinh phan doan eao Dilu khong cd nghia la c u ddn dd thj cd it quan hp quen b i i t hgn c y dan nSng thSn, ma cd nghia la quan hp vdi s l ngydi ma hp gap gd, hp bilt it hgn v l ngudi dd Cac ca nhan d dS thj bilt m|t ea nhan nao dd dudi t u each la ngudi cSng ehdc, eon ngydi kinh doanh, ngygi hoat dpng xa hSi, m i y bilt TAP CHl KHOA HOC XA HOl so (199) 2015 den chinh ngygi dd dudi gde eanh Id ngudi cha, ngudi me gia dinh, ngydi iang gilng cSng d i n g 1.2 Con ngudi thj K i t Igpn v l 111 s i n g dS thj, Louis Wirth cho rang xa hpi dp thj, m i i quan hS ciia nhdm sg c i p (la nhyng nhdm nho vdi s i lugng it ngudi, gap thudng xgySn vd cd nhan t l cam xOe eg t h i Id nhdm gia dinh, ban be, d i n g nghiSp cgng ea qgan) bj thay t h i bang m i l qgan he eiia nhdm thd c i p (nhdm ed s l lugng ngygi dong dao nhu dang phai, ede to chde xa hSi, dd tinh cam than thupc g i n bd it duge t h i hlSn), cde quan hS hp hdng bj suy y i u , gia tri gia dinh bj suy thpdi, tinh cam Iang giing bj xda s i va eae n i n tang truyen thing ciia s y dean k i t xa hSi bj xoi mdn Trong thg nhap eOa ngydi dan p h i trgng binh cao han ngudi ddn d thdn qgS, nhung gia sinh hoat d p h i cung cap hgn Nhd cua d i t dd han vd cung h i l m hoi han T i l n thuS nha cap han va chiim ty IS ldn cde khoan chi tiSu Mac du eu dan thj dugc hudng lgi t u nhung djch vu cong cpng, ngudi ddn thj lai phai danh mpt khoan kha ldn cho nhung thd nhu giai tri, edn khoan chi tiSu eho lugng thye it han Nhung thd ndo djch vg cong ich khSng mang d i n duge, ngudi dd thj phai mga, va tren thye t l , khong cd nhu e l u nao eua ngudi thj md khSng dugc khai thac d gde dp thugng mai Vipc phgc vy eho eae nhg eau cam giac manh va cung cap cac phygng tipn thodt ly khdi thyc t l eSng viec vat va, dgn dipu da trd mpt trpng nhdng chde nang ehinh eua nganh eSng nghiep giai tri d dS thj Cd mSt tinh c h i t nua dang chii y I i i s i n g thj md Louis Wirth d l cap d i n la s y khoan dung rpng rai nhit (broadest tolerance) eua eon ngydi thj d i i vdi b i i canh s i n g Tinh trang k l can ciia nhung l l i s i n g khae biSt tai cac thj tao mpt tinh chit thSng cam, tao nSn kha nang c h i p nhdn cdi mdi, cai khae biet mSt each d i dang han Tom lai, dudi m i t Louis Wirth, nhung thay doi to ldn v i eg e i u vd thilt c h l qua trinh dd thj hda dd mang lai nhung hdu qua nghiem trpng chp ngudi dan T h i n kinh cua hp bj kich thieh, tam ly bj cdng thing mpt thj qua chuyen biet, qud nhilu thong tin Nhung ngudi d p h i gap eac vai trd bj e i t rdi, khdng phai quan hS toan bp eon ngudi dd Hp xem trpng ea c h l chinh thdc Su tilp xuc vdi nhilu ngudi khae tao eo hpi cho s u phdt triin ciia nhiiu m i l quan he dua d i n tinh trang la khSng trung thdnh vdi mpt t l ehdc ndo ca Con ngudi thj dan lue i y dudng nhu la mdt eon ngudi bi tha hda va ed phin b i t hanh (Trinh Duy Luan, 2004, tr 40) Luan d i l m eua Louis With da tdng la chu d l eua nhiiu nghiSn cdu phan h i i , tranh luan, phan biSn, b i sung Harry Gold (1982, tr 25-26) cho rang Louis Wirth da qua bi quan v l ddi s i n g dd thj, bj am anh bdi cae v i n d i tiSu eye eua dS thj nhu tinh trang vS t i chde ciia ede cd nhan, s u suy sgp tinh t h i n , te nan, tdi ac, tham nhung Stanley Milgram bdi viit The Urban Experience a Psychological Analysis (1996, tr 35-46) tu gde nhin ciia mSt nha tam ly hpe eho ring dan s i ddng, mat dS ddn s l cao va tinh ehgySn TON Ng QUYNH TRAN - TCr Q U A N D I E M CCIA LOUIS WIRTH thdi l l i s i n g dd lam cho quan hS xd hSi trSn dja bdn eu tru se trd nSn long leo, Iang gilng s i n g theo k i l u den nhd ndy rang, khong nhu i l l s i n g truyin thing "ban anh em xa, mua ldng gilng gin" T d dd, ta cd t h i nhan t h i y rang i l l sdng i y qua that khae xa vdi truyin thing toi Ida t i t den cd eua ngudi Viet Nam Quan dilm eiia Louis Wirth ed ve kha dung xem xet m i i quan hS ldng giing eua c u dan dS thj Sal Gdn - TPHCM Moi quan he cd p h i n long leo, khong man NHiN v e L(5l Si5NG C U A NGU'O'I OO ning nhu d ndng thSn Tuy nhiSn, Sai THj SAl G O N - TPHCM Gdn - TPHCM vdn cd nhung dde trung 2.1 o i i chiiu riSng Mdi thoat nhin, canh quan tai cac Sy khdng ddng nhat Du khdng rap eon hem nhd d p h i , nai ma cac khuon nhu hlnh anh dd thj md Louis ngSi nha san sat nhau, ehung tudng, Wirth dua ra, TPHCM hiSn vd Sai chung i l l di, eda ddng im Im, khdng Gdn trude day eung la mSt dd thj mang ngudi qua lpi, khSng tilng em be vui diia, tinh khdng ding nhit v l l l i sing kha eao hilm tilng ehd sua Ddn c u thi ngydi Day la mSt dS thj da hgp, c u ddn duge ldn di lam viSc, tre eon duge gdi d i n nha hinh thdnh t u nhiiu dgt nhap cu khde tre, hpe sinh sinh viSn di d i n trudng, nhau, mang theo nhiiu i l l sing khae ngudi npi trg di chg heac Idm Igng nhau, dong thdi anh hudng qua lai l i n nSn dd tao mdt 111 song dS thi nhd, khiln chiing ta nghi nhdng eon hem that ySn ang, bj chia eit, moi gia dinh phdc hgp Nhd vdo mdi trydng thodng md v i n ed cua dd thj, ngudi Sal Gdn mpt egpe s i n g Nhung khdng phai the, d l y chi la cai nhin t d ben ngoai That sy, ludn cd nhiiu m i l quan he rpng rai, giua eae ngdi nhd im i n g i y v i n cd mpt phpm vi giao tiip rSng, cudng dp giao m i i quan hS ldng giing, khong dani i^tiip eao vd da chilu Ngudi ddn Sdi Gdn d l thiy, nhung nhe nhdng vd khd bin TPHCM ed nhung giao luu dya trSn vung Hp dygc rang bupc vdi bdi ede nhdm s d thich, nhdm ding nghiep, nhdm lam an ehu khong phai theo dja nhiiu cdi chung, nhy van d i an ninh, vp ban dan eu nai c u tru Ody la mSt i l l sinh, mSi trudng sinh sing eiia cen hem sing ed nhung d i l m d i i chpi D i i m Sing dS thj, nhyng eon ngudi tieh eye todt mSi trudng giao luu biit t u diiu t i l t d i dung xay xS xat dd la ngydi sS phat huy duge nhiiu giua ldng giing vi rot cudc khSng uu dilm ciia ban thdn d l hpe hpi vd phat duge hudng lgi gi ma di v l van phai triin, d l ddng gap duge nhiiu eg hpi cham mat hang cupc sing, thoai mdi vS t u Luu Phugng Thao (2006, tr 55) cho cdo m i l quan he rpng rdi Nhung ding ring: "MSi trudng song nai hem bipt la nhung y l g t i thgpc v l nhan khIu hpe Id nhdng y l u t l n i m bSn ngoai eua ed nhdn, c i n phai xem xet s y lien quan eiia ede y l u t l i y d i n tinh each ciia ca nhdn Tac gia eho rang ehinh s y qua tai cua ea.nhan, chinh s y tilp xuc qua nhilu, "dau vao" qud ldn dd ldm r i i loan " d i u ra" Ddi sing thj Id mSt ehuoi nhung cham tran liSn tge vdi s y qga tai vd td dd xuit hiSn tinh huing ma cac cd nhdn phai thieh nghi TAP CHl KHOA HOC XA HQI sd (199) 2015 than thipn va doan kit Khai niSm 'hang xdm Iang giing' tydng nhy khSng cdn ed t h i tim t h i y g ngi thj, v i n la ngi dae thii vdi l l i s i n g ddt doan va vo danh " vdn edn t i n tai ngi day Chdng minh eho s y hiSn dien eua m i i than thien ldng giing treng cae hem p h i , Lyu Phygng Thap dua k i t qua mpt cupc d i l u tra djnh lugng dugc tiln hanh vae nam 2005 d i i vdi 500 hp v i m i i quan he gida edc gia dinh d hem thdng qga viSc cd mdi hay khong cde Iang gilng d i n nhd d y dam tiSe, nhu Bang K i t qua tren eho t h i y ed 12,8% hS khdng mdi Iang giing d i n dy ddm tiSe gia dinh to chde, tugng dng vdi kiiu sing phdn doan, hdi hgt md Wirth phan tieh, nhung d i n g thdi ed d i n 21,2% hp mdi hau h i t eao hS hem eung tham dy va 56,8% mdi mpt it hp than nhit trang hem Nhu vay, ty IS so cd mdi ldng giing ISn d i n 78% Ody Id mSt s l khd ldn, bSn canh dd, theo phong tge Viet Nam, cde m i i qgan hS thudng "ed qua ed lai", ngygi dygc mdi bao gid eung se mdi lai ngydi da mdi minh, tao cae quan hp xa hSi dan eai Qua dd, ta cd t h i hinh dung m i i quan hp gida cac ldng gilng ciia ngudi dd thj d day khdng lot lat, phan doan nhu mS ta eua Wirth, md trai lai s u giao luu gida cu ddn sing ciing tren dja ban kha day Gia tri cOa m i i quan hS s g c i p (gia dinh, ban be) c u dan thj khSng bj m i i quan he thd c i p thay t h i nhy Wirth mS ta Du quy mS gia dinh ed nhd di, gia dinh ba t h i he cd it di, ngudi dd thi eua TPHCM cd bj cupc muu sinh chi phii qud nhilu di, nhung truyin thing gia dinh v i n cdn duge tri va gia tri ciia tinh ban v i n dugc ca tgng Cude s i n g bon ba d dS thj, ngydi di lam viec, ngudi di hpe, ngudi di cdng tae, ngudi lam ea true, bda an gia dinh khSng cdn la "mot ngdy ba bua quay quin" nhu trudc, nhung bua cam gia dinh vdo b u l l chilu hay vdo ngdy culi t u i n vdn la djp d i cae vien gia dinh gap gd, trd chuyen Hdng nam, dan eu TPHCM v i n ton vinh Ngiy gia dinh 28/6 mpt cdch rpn rd Cdc nai dua nhilu hinh thdc chdo mdng khde nhau, nhu Hpi thi N i u an, Hpi thi Gia dinh vd phdp luat Hpi thi Kiln thdc gia dinh nudi eon khoe, Hpi thi Gia dinh thdi hSi nhdp Van ddng bua com gia dinh BSn eanh gia dinh, ban be ludn la nai md Bang Thing kd dya trdn cdu hdi: Cd mdi cdc gia dinh hem dy ddm tide Nghe Phdn Ddntpc loai hem Tdn gido Ddncu Tdng Mdt It hd thdn Hdu hit cdc nhdt hd hem n n 88 52,4 58 34,5 82 66,1 32 25,8 44,4 44,4 106 56,8 4,2 284 56,8 106 21,2 % % Chi mdi bd ddng hp n 12 7.1 1,6 % 32 46 16,8 9,2 Khdng mdi n 10 44 64 % 6,0 6,5 11,1 23,2 12,8 Tong n 168 124 18 190 600 Ngudn: Him phi Sii Gdn - TPHCM Tdn NO Quynh Trdn (chu bien), 2006, tr 55 % 100 100 too too too TON Ng QUYNH TRAN - TU QUAN OIEM CCIA LOUIS WIRTH Sy chay mau c h i t xam vao eac khu vyc thu nhdp cap, quyiri lgi nhiiu, nhat la vdo eae cSng ty, eg quan, t i ehdc nude ngoai dang cang id ro, nhung chua phai Id tinh c h i t chung Sy eanh tranh eao, nhiiu eg hpi viSc lam dygc eon ngudi p h i van dgng lam eho minh cd cuSe s i n g ndng dpng hgn Vi chl cd tinh nang dpng cao, eon ngudi dS Ihi mdi ed t h i thich dng duge vdi nhung hoan canh hay thay d i i eiia mdi trudng dd thj, n l u khong, hp cd t h i bj loai bd, hoac n l u vdn bam trg thi chit lygng egpe sing khd thpat khdi ngheo nan Sy phin doan quan he giu'a cac ci nhan: M i i quan hp giua eae cd nhdn vdi ea nhan d TPHCM cung cd tinh trpng phan doan, nhung khdng d i n n i l ngydi giao thiep vdi md khSng hieu biit v i Khi ed m l i qgan hS mdi, ngudi Viet Nam ndi chung vd ngydi p h i ndi riSng d i g hdi tham din egpe sing ca nhan, nhu tuoi tdc, tinh trpng gia dinh, cha me, v g eon, noi lam viSe n h i m hiiu rS va djnh vj d i i tugng Nhyng eau hdi ndy Bleu d l : Kdnh thdng tin tim vipc ldm ctja nien (%) la r i t thong thydng d i i vdi ngudi ViSt Nam, nhung ngudi Tay phygng lai khong dua mdi quen Thdi quen, phong tue, tap qudn trSn giiip eho ngudi dd thj gan hgn TPHCM rpng, ngydi ddng, nhung eae moi quan hS, eon ngudi van biit nhau, v i n hilg v i nggin goc, giai t i n g cua m i l cu dan thj tim d i n e i n Ban be la c h l dua ca tinh t h i n ldn vat chit euSc sing dd thj d i y v l t va, b i t trie K i t qua nghiSn cdu d i tai Thanh niin vung dd thi hda vi vin di vide lim - trudng hgp TPHCM, dua k i t qua la cae kSnh thSng tin giup eho ~ niSn tim dugc viSe lam, thi thSng tin td ban be ddng hang thd hai, chl sau bang thSng bdo tuyin dgng cga cac nha mdy, xi nghiSp vgng, nhu biiu d i Tinh di dgng xa hdi: Xa hpi dd thj nang ddng cua Sdi Gdn - TPHCM vdi nhilg ngdnh nghi r i t da dang eiia mpt dS thj cSng nghipp, x u i t khau, khea hpe, djch vg, thygng mai tao cho ngudi dd thj mgdn van eg hpi d i i nghi, d i i eho lam Nhdn dan ta van thudng cd eau "Thdc d dau thi b l eau d diy" Con ngudi thay doi eho lam nhiiu Iln thi han nhien dp g i n bd vdi nai lam vipe khdng sdu sac, pha vd dl gid tri cua cau ndi "An cay nao, rao cay iy" Thj trudng nhdn lue cua TPHCM hipn eung cd hiSn tugng i y Nguin: Bdo cdo de tdi Thanh niin viing dd thi hda vi 2.2 L i i s i n g dung nap cao vin di viic iam - trudng hgp TPHCM, Tdn NO Quynh cua eon ngydi dd thj Sal Gdn Trdn vd cpng sy tr 47-86 TPHCM TAP CHl KHOA HOC XA HOl sd (199) 2015 MSt tinh ehit quan trpng ciia ngydi dS thj ma Louis Wirth nhac d i n Id tinh khoan dung rpng rai ciia ngydi dS thj d i i vdi cac y i u t i mdi, d i i vdi cac khae biet Bao dung la tinh c h i t chung cua hau h i t cdc dd thj hiSn dai trSn t h i gidi, khdng riSng gi TPHCM O TPHCM, tinh chit r i t dam net va chinh nd da tao nSn nhyng gid trj dae tryng van hda cung nhu l l i sing cua eon ngudi Sdi Gdn trude day va TPHCM hiSn Vdi t i e dp phdt triin kinh t i eac, vdi kha nang tao nhilu vipe lam vd eg hSi kinh doanh, TPHCM cd mpt sue hOt manh me d i i vdi ngudi dan d cdc vung khde d i n Idp nghiep HiSn phin ldn dan cu thdnh p h i Id nhung ngudi cd nguin g l e td ngi khde d i n qua nhilu giai dean Ijch su khae Sing "thanh p h i eiia nhung ngygi nhdp cu" nhu t h i nSn ngudi d i n trude eOng d l dang c h i p nhan nhung ngudi d i n sau, du khae biSt v i ngi x g i t thdn, tSn gido, tin ngudng, dan tpc, phong tge tap qudn, l l i sing Trong Ijch s d phat triln, thdnh p h i tdng tilp nhdn nhilu ngdnh n g h i thu cdng cua c u dan t d mpi miin d i t nude Dgt di eu nam 1954 danh d i u sy hinh mSt Icat ldng nghi mdi nhung ngudi nhap cu, v i n la nhung ngudi thg thii eSng mang vao Hp Id nhung cpng d i n g cung que, cung di vd cung djnh c u tdp trung vde mpt ngi Nhdng ky xao truyin thing t d quS hugng miln B i c dygc du nhap lam nen nhung ldng n g h i thu cSng nhu ldng det vai Bill Mdn Trung Chanh (Tan Xuan - Hde Mdn), ede Iang dSt chieu Binh An (phudng 6, qgan 8), B i n Hal (phudng 5, Gd Vip), KSnh Xang (Binh Chdnh), ldng ling dSn Phg Binh (phudng 5, qgan 11), iang gid cha Ha NSi (phygng 12, Gd V i p ) , ldng tinh bpt Kilt Tam (phudng Tam Binh, ThO Ode), Iang dag hO Bgi Mdn (Hdc Mdn), v.v Mode, giua ldng p h i la mot khg " p h i Tay" I n ndo nhiet qganh trye dudng Bui ViSn, Pham NgQ Lao (qudn 1), mpt khu "phd Han Quie" d dudng Hoang ViSt, qudn Tan Binh (TSn Nu Quynh Tran, 2002) Sy x u i t hiSn eae Iang nghi mdi, sy t i n tai ciia nhung khu p h i "quic t i " cho t h i y rang ngudi p h i d i dang tilp nhan nhung cpng ding c u dan khae khdng cung mdu da, ngdn ngu, ddn tpc, bilu hien sinh dpng v i linh bao dung, d l c h i p nhdn ciia dd thj Nhung tinh c h i t nhu s u phdn doan, tinh di dpng cao, tinh dung nap eiia ddi sing dS thj md Louis Wirth d i cap, t h i hien rd, t h i p thoang trudng hgp TPHCM Tdc gia Sally Engle Merry (1996, tr 59) eung nhdn xet nhu vay v i quan d i i m eiia Louis Wirth tilg IgSn Urbanism as a Way of Life, cho ring nhung phan tich eiia Wirth Id khdng sai, nhung chi la mdt phin, ehua todn dien M l i quan hS sa c i p vd than thiSn van ed giua nhdng ngudi thj vd mang ludi xd hSi, nhung nhung sy tygng tde i y bj an di bdi khoang each giua cde nhdm xa hpi Du chi phan anh ehua todn dien ddi sing dd thj, nhung nhung y tudng eua Louis Wirth eung ndi ISn dugc phin nao mpt s i tinh c h i t eua ddi sing dS thj, giiip ehung ta nhin lai l l i sing dd thj eiia chiing ta vd t h i y dugc rang dudng trd dS thj ciia TPHCM khong qua am dam nhu gde nhin eua Logis Wirth • TON Ng QUYNH TRAN - T g QUAN DiEM CpA LOUIS WIRTH TAI LIEU T R I C H D A N Gold, H 1982 The Sociology of Urban Life Prentice House United State of America Luu Phuong Thao 2006 Him phd - nai luu giO' nhu-ng gii tri tmyin thong tdng at thi, Hem phi Sii Gdn - TPHCM, Tdn NO Quynh TrSn (chu bien) TPHCM: Nxb Cdng an Nhdn dan Merry, Sally Engle 1996 Urban Danger - Life in a Neighboriiood of Strangers Philadelphia Temple Univereity Press Gmelch G vd Zenner W.P Urban Life: Readings in Uiban/Anthropology Waveland Press Stanley 1996 The Urban Experience A Psychological Analysis, Urban Life, Gmelch G vd Zenner W.P (chlj bien) Tdn NO Quynh Tran vd cdng sy 2013 Thanh niin vung thi hda va vin di viic tim tnrdng hgp TPHCM D l tdi thupc Sd Khoa hpe Cdng nghd TPHCM, thdng 1/2013, Tdn Nd Quynh Trdn vd cpng sy 2002 (chii bidn) Lang nghi thO eong tmyin thing tfi TPHCM TPHCM: Nxb Tre, Trjnh Duy Ludn 2004 Xa hgi hgc dd thi Hd Ndi: Nxb Khoa hpc Xd hpi Wirth, LOUIS 1938 Urbanism as a iVay of Li7e American Journal Sociology 44 ... toi Ida t i t den cd eua ngudi Viet Nam Quan dilm eiia Louis Wirth ed ve kha dung xem xet m i i quan hS ldng giing eua c u dan dS thj Sal Gdn - TPHCM Moi quan he cd p h i n long leo, khong man... 40) Luan d i l m eua Louis With da tdng la chu d l eua nhiiu nghiSn cdu phan h i i , tranh luan, phan biSn, b i sung Harry Gold (1982, tr 25-26) cho rang Louis Wirth da qua bi quan v l ddi s i n... ed lai", ngygi dygc mdi bao gid eung se mdi lai ngydi da mdi minh, tao cae quan hp xa hSi dan eai Qua dd, ta cd t h i hinh dung m i i quan hp gida cac ldng gilng ciia ngudi dd thj d day khdng lot