Quan hệ xã hội ở vùng kháng chiến trong thời gian chống pháp (1946 1954)

17 QUAN H|l XA H O I d V O N G KHANQ CHlf TRONG THdl GIAN CH(5NG PHAP (1946-1954) N Niguy§n Xuan Kinh' Tu khoa: Quan hf xa hii; quan hf gia dinh hg hing: khing chUn ching Phip N g^y 19-n-1946, cupc khang chiln toin qudc bung nd Trong ttidi gian khdng chiln (1946-1954), vimg ehfnh quyln ta kiem soit gpi li vflng tv do, vung khing chien, chu yeu a nong ttidn, rimg nfli; vung quan Phip vi chfnh quyen tay sai chilm d6ng gpi li vflng Phip chilm, vung tsm chilm, vung te, vung djch hsu, chu ylu a cic ttianh Ion vi cic ttij khic bii niy, chling t6i ehi ttinh biy vl quan bp xa hpi a vilng khing chiln Gia dinh, d&ng hp 1.1 Gia dinh ndng dan a vung khing chiln ndirifing,ttongphsm vi ca nuoc ndi chung, gia dinh nguoi Vift vin li gia dinh phy h?, d d6 nguori chdng, nguoi cha li ehu gia dinh; van tdn tsi losi gia dinh hai ttie hp, losi gia dinh tii ba ttie hp ttd len; van e6 nhi rlt nghto, nhi nghfeo, nhi ttung nong vi nhi gia, nhi rat giiu co; van eo sir ton ttpng cie mdi quan h? hp hing npi, ngosi nhu ttong thdi gian ttuoc Cieh msng ttiing Tim Trong eic gia dinh tt*n, mdi quan hf gifla cac ttiinh vien binh ding ban, dje bipt vai tto eua pb\i ntt (nguoi m? nguM vp) dupc ton ttpng hon uirac Cic ll nghi thd cung td tten ong bi, cha mp eic sinh boat ddng bp vin dupe tti nhung cd gian lupe.ttet^kipm ban ttif dy ttong ngiy gid khdng ddt vang ma khong td chirc dinh bsc Trudc tt>in qudc khing chiln tir ttiing 10-1945 cbinh quyln cieh msng da pbit d$ng phong ttio ddi sdng mdi Tir trung uong din eic co sd diu ed cic Ban Vsn dpng ddi sdng mdi Trong cic gia dinh, nam gidi cd du dp hioi vi sue khde diu tdng quan gilt giic; cdng vipe ting gia san xuat ddn nhieu ban len doi vai, vio ddi tay cie bi, cic m?, cic chj Do "nam ntt binh quyln Phy nO tir dupe giai phdng khdi nhirng djnh kiln ed hu, ed ttil sue tham gia cdng vipe xa hpi" (1) Vua lo ginh vie vife nhi, hp vira tham gia du kich di dan cdng, tham gia Hpi m? chiln si, Trudc kia, ngudi gii ldn len, cha mp Io ga chdng, thsm chf cd ngudi cdn bj tao hdn Nhung biy gid, cac nfl ttianh nien khdng mudn lay chong sdm Da cd nhthig Idi ea dao khing ebien ghi Isi thye tl niy: - Khuyin chd lay chdng non ^ ° ^ ^ - ^ ' * " ' ^ ' ' ' * " «=*" van hfia - ViSn Hin lim Khoa hoc xa hfii Vi$t Nam Chd ngdy dpc Igp lay eg Ho CJOHltM CWJ VAN HI^A ' 2(18)-2015:NGHlfeN CLTU VAN H A 18 khdng hi nghi den B i vp bac sT Ding Vu Hy kl Isi: "Tdi vdn la gii mpt dng quan Ca Id dfi Ifch vim xinh vita gidn thupng thu ttong trilu dinh Tir hi din ldn Ngudi ta ndi chuyfn chdng sdng sung sudng, an tring m$c tron, khdng LSc dau ngudy ngudy: "Em cdn ddnh Tdy"! biet kho l i cai gl Ldn len lay chdng, nhi tdi l i bac st danh deng, hpc d Phip, Isi da tung Ngay quan nipm vl ehft trinh cfing thay lim vifc tsi mpt bfnh vifn d Paris, ttd vl ddi Trong nhst kf ngiy 13-11-1947, nhi van cung danh gia va giiu cd vio losi nhat nhi d Nguyen Huy Tudng ghi: "Cac cin bp phy nu Hi Npi ( ) Tdi cdn nhd, nhihig nim d Vift noi gi^c chilm thudng bj hiep Cd chj bj den Bae, ngudi eon gii gia dinh phfl quy nhu toi ba, bdn Ian Nhung cung nhu thudng Vin lay mi cung phai lpi xudng ttm nhflng bai dit chong" (2) ven sudi de cly rau mudng Rau mudng len tot qui, in khdng het, cho bdt nha anh em 1.2 Gia £nh tdn cu cin bp xung quanh Nudi ga vjt eung thl, Ngoii cie gia dinh ndng dan d dja phuong, khdng hilu vjt de eung nhieu, gi de cflng edn ed eic gia dinh d thinh thj tan cu den nhieu Rdi tdi Isi cdn hpc cich lim tuong Trong so dd, cd khdng ft gia dinh vin nghf si, Tuong tdi lim rat ngon, dem bin cho cic gia tri thue, gia £iih cd ngudi lim vifc cho ehi'nh dinh xung quanh cung dupc mpt ft ttin ' phfl cich msng Cic gia dinh niy thudng ddng (6) Tsi Bd D|iu (Thii Nguyen), sau cflng ngudi Dsi gia dinh lust gia Vfl Dinh Hde tin eu vp vi cic chiu (con dng anh) khai phi 16n Vift Bic gdm 14 ngudi: hai bd mp gii ylu, v i ttong ch& tten hai qua ddi vi mpt bai nhfi dng anh dau ylu cflng ba eon, hai vp chdng lu^ lust gia Vfl Dinh Hde ttioit li di theo Vift gia vi siu eon nhd (3) Dsi gia dinh nhi vin Minh vp dng d Isi vira quin xuyen cdng vifc Nguyin Tuin tan eu vl Thanh Hda (khdng ed gia dinh vira ty lao dpng dl sinh sdng Bi nhi vin cflng di vi dng da di vio mjtttiinphfa von la gii quan tuan phu Son Tiy, sung Nam) gom tim ngudi: ttian sinh eua nhi vin sudng tir be nhung da thi'ch ling dupe vdi cflng ngudi vp le, vp nhi vin vi nim nho cupc sdng mdi B i hii chfe, chi, ddng (hai eon ldn da di bd dpi) (4) Gia dinh nhi vin chfe, cay hii, xay thdc gia gso, sing say, Vfl Ngpc Phan cflng tin cu vl Thanh Hda gdm Dupc hon mpt nim thl cupc sdng tsm dn hai vp chdng nhi vin, lim vi hai chiu (con nghta Ii ed com dpn sin in dfl no, rau in eua nhi host d§ng xa hpi Hian Thanh), tdng thoai mii (7) Trong chin tfiing dau tan cu d cdng gdm 12 ngudi (5) Thanh Hda vp nhi vin Nguyen Tuin ehpn MJc dfl dupe chfnh quyen dja phucmg vi do, ngam gii cdn bi cy (vp IS cua ttiin phy bi ndng dan giup dd tsn finh, nhung ddi Nguyen Tuin) tfil quay gii di bin Cu ngim vdi cic gia dinh tan eu, cupc sdng d noi siu ndi gii thi du nudi ca nhi Din ttidi gian khing chiln khdng ttist de ding Trong nd sau hp md quin bin hing in, cir gi giy canh lyc chju dyng gian khd vi ttu'ch nghi vdi hai bi ey vi bi da dsy, bi cy d$t ndi chio cudc sdng mdi, nhihig ngudi vp ndi rieng, chin gid, cdn vp nhi vin thl khua gsy (dl chj em phy ntt ndi chung ttong cic gia dinh dudi chd) di den hing binh cudn Ngudi ta tan cu ddng mpt vai ttd quan ttpng Da phan tting binh sin, bi Nguyin Tuin lim nhin hp md quin bin hing tsp hda, hing in, hing roi cudn vio binh, du nim ttim binh li giii kbit Mpt sd cdn lim rupng, lim nghl luc vira ting sing, dua binh vl din quin ttil phy Day li nhihig cdng vifc hoin toin mdi bit dau md hing Cic ldn eung giup mf me, nhflng vifc mi tnrde dd d thinh phd hp cd gii da ginh dupc tdi nim muoi siu C/i/ em du kfch Thdi Binh f\ ttiiiati t i | xa h§i o> viing khang chiln muoi ki Id (8) Quin cua bi bin cho bp dpi anh em vin nghf si, Trong nhieu nam ba dam dang nhu ttil, nhi vin Nguyin Tuan lim Tdng tfiu kf Hpi Van nghf Vift Nam, co quan ddng d Vift Bic Nlu vp nhi van Nguyen Tuan bin bang in Uil vp eon nha van Vu Ngpc Phan sau tfidi gian nhsn gia edng bpt giay cho xudng giay eua nha nude, da chuyin sang lam rupng vi ttdng rau Mpt ngudi la Vu Tuyen Hoing dang mdi hpc sinh da bilt ttdng mdt vudn bip cai Mpt ngudi eon khic la Vu Huyln Giao di eiy rupng Ngudi gii li Vu Giing Huong di cay Vp nhi van Ii nhi ttio Hing Phuong mudi mpt vsi ci vi ty lim tuomg in Sau nhi vin Vu Ngpc Phan dupc dilu len Vift Bie, nhi ehi cdn may mp Mpt bio ldn xudng nhi, bIp vi ci nhi tim cfing syp do, miy m? nim dudi gam bin dl trinh bio, bj mua lim upt bit (9) ^Nhi vin Nguyin Huy Tudng ditfieodoin ttie Vp dng cflng hai eon gii nhd sdng d phd nhd Con phd toin nhi li, d csnh dudng ldn Tuyen Quang - Hi Giang Nhihig ngudi d phd niy phin ldn li ngudi tan cu d ddng bing din Vp nhi vin ed phy cap eua nhi nude cho gia dinh ein bp, nhung eo hpp, bi phai lim ttiem dl cai ttiifn sinh host Sau lan budn chudi ttiat bsi, bi lim gia edng san xuat giiyttiandl dinh miy (10) ja nio! Xin dupc neu may ttu dy Ngudi anh nipt cua luat gia Vu Dinh Hde ttong mpt dem tdi, chet gyc ttong mpt gdc sau d chan mpt qua ddi vi kift sue bdi dm dau hen mien khdng cd ttiudcttiang,bdi an udng qui kham khd, luc chet khdng biet Mpt ngudi cfla vp chong lust gia mat hie mudi tfiing ttidi vi sdt ret ictt'nh,nhi d xa ttsm y te, khdng kjp cira chfla (11) Luc dm dau, khdng cdtfiaytfiudcd gan, nhi van Vu Ngpc Phan da tfieo don eua cac bic si nhd vp di mua ttiudc vi ty minh ttem Nhi van Nguyin Dinh Lsp da chet dang di cdng tie vi bj sdt ret actt'nhma khdng ed ttiudc Nhilu ttudng hpp ein bp da chet mpt cich Isng le nhu vsy (12) Cdn ttai cua dng bi Vfl Ngpc Phan la Vfi Hong Cdn tfil chit bj viem rupt ttiua cap khdng kjp cap cuu (13) 1.3 Bdm cudi thdi chiin vd cufc li hdn dgt vifc nude tren Hnh rieng Dim^ cudi ttidi chiln ttiudng ca quan, doin ttil dung td chue vdi nghi ll don gian Trang phyc cua ehu rl bojc li bp thudng phyc eua bp dpi hojc quan au, ao so mi tting (hojc xanh) Cd dau rat ft mjc io dii "Ben csnh ldi chue hsnh phuc lira ddi eho cjp vp chdng n^, tten phdng cudi edn cd ddi chim hda binh dang tung bay, ed anh Bic Hd vi khau hifu: "Vui duyen mdi khdng quen nhifm vy", 'Td qudc tten hit", "Hsnh phfle gia dinh nim Nhu tren di ttinh biy, eic gia dinh d ttiinh ttong hsnh phfle dan tpc" Tren bin phfa trudc ttij tan cu da tfch eye ting gia sin xuat, cd Ip boa, tsng pham" (14) budn bin, lim djch vy dl sdng, dlttu'chnghi vdi cupc sdng khing chiln Khdng phii ngudi So vdi dam cudi dupe td chue ttong thdi nio, gia ifinh nio cung tty Isi dupc d ndng blnh ttieo nghi ttiirc ttuyin ttidng tfil cich td ttidn,rimgnfli Mpt jrfiin ding kl ttong sd niy chue dam cudi vira neu qua Ii gian dj vi dan dan hdi eu vl ttiinh phd, ttnng dd cd mang dau an eua ddi sdng khing chien Tuy nhOng vin nghf si nhu nhse si Phsm Duy, nhien, dim cudi dudi day diln gian dj ban ttilm chf ed ei dsi bilu Qudc bpi nhu nhi ttio nhieu, nhung vin vui ve dam am Doin Phfl Tu cung bd khing chiln vl Hi Npi Ddi vdi ed gii dau Idng Vfl Giing Dilu dd cho ttiay, so vdi ddi sdng d dd ttij trudc bp tan cu, ddi sdng khing chien d Huong, dng bi Vfl Ngpc Phan tdn trpng sy vflng ty gian khd vi ttiilu ttidn nhu ttil lya ehpn eua ed ve ngudi bsn ddi tuong lai Trong tfidi gian vp chdng nhi vin tan cu d KSHtliGIIUVAMHdA ™ -'-nn-f^m 20 Thanh Hda, Giing Huong va ngudi cin bp quan y Le Cao Dai dupc ty tim hieu Sau dd, Vfi Giing Huong len Vift Bic hpe hpi hpa Mpt thdi gian sau, vp chong nhi vin cung rdi Thanh Hda len ATK (an toin khu) d Tuyen Quang lim vifc Hai nhd cua dng bi Ii Vfi Phi Hong vi Vu Trifu Man song ty lsp, xa cha mp d nhd ttong nhi ngudi din d eon tan cu ven dudng Tuyen Quang - Hi Giang, dosn cay sd 7, dl ttfn vife hpc hinh Mpt hdm, Vu Phi Hong thay ca cha mp, ngudi em ut va mpt sd hp hing, be bsn eua nhi vin din phd tin eu Hp den td chue dim cudi cho Vu Giing Huong vi Le Cao Dai Hdm sau, Le Cao Dii vi bic sT Than (eung don vj anh Dai) din Nhi vin Td Hoii d Hpi Nhi vin eung cd mit Theo ldi kl cua Vfi Phi Hong, d nhi, nft si Hing Phucmg (vp Vfi Ngpc Phan) cflng hai ngudi cd nipt cua Giing Huong vi mdt so bsn gii cfla Giing Huong chuan bj bfla com Cdn cd dau, chu rl, nhi vin Vfi Ngpc Phan, nhi vin Td Hoii, bic si Than di vio ily ban xa dl lim thu tye kit hdn Phi Hdng cfing di theo Try sd ty ban xa d ttong rimg sau, hoi xa dudng cii, Ii mpt cii leu ttanh Ipp la cao nhu cii llu chp que, chung quanh khdng cd tudng vicb gifta li mpt eii bin nhd, bdn chan bing gd chdn tfiing xudng dat, mjt bin lit bing phdn nua dan Mdt cii ghi cung cd bdn chin chdn xuong dit Khoing tim gid sing, mpi ngudi di din dung xung quanh ban mi chua thay dsi difn fly ban xa Chimg mudi lim phut sau, dng ein bp xa tir ttong rimg di ra, mjc bd quan io einh nau, dau dpi mu Ii, vai deo tlii vai 6ng bd mfi chio mpi ngudi vi hdi ed diu, ehu rl dau Anh Dii tti Idi vi anh chj den ttudc bin ttinh cie giiy td can tfiilt Ongflyban lye tui liy mpt td giiy in sin "Giay Chung nhsn kit bdn" Sau dng ghi chip, ed dau chfl rl kf vio 6ng ndi tilp: "Xin mdi hai ngudi lim chung cho hai bgn, ghi ro hp tfn vi kf vao" Ben nhi ttai li bic lr-VA\(7^ Ar-Tim rtn^-'r-^v-? (18) • 2015: NGHlfeN CI>U VAN H A si Than, ben nhi gii li nhi vin Td Hoii Tiep theo, dng cin bp lye tdi liy diu thay mit uy ban xa kf vi ddng diu dd Ong ndi: "The Ii xong thfl tyc" Dsi difn hai hp cam on dng fly ban; dng uy ban ehiic mflng ed dau, chu rl hsnh phfle rdi vl Chi hen mpt gid li xong thfl tye kit bdn Trdn dudng ve, mpi ngudi ndi cudi vui ve, vl din nhi thl cd bin chuin bj da gan xong "Hai hp" dy bfta cam than tinh vi vui Hdm iy, ngudi cao tudi nhit Ii nhi vin Phan Khdi, esu ruft nhi ttia Hing Phuang Toi hdm dd ngdi nhi mi chj em Phi Hong, Trifu Man trp dupe danh rieng cho ed diu, chu rl Vp chdng nhi vin Vfi Ngpc Phan vi khich xa nghi d cie nhi xung quanh Sing hdm sau, in sang xong, cd dau chfl rl deo ba Id, xin phep vp chong nhi vin Vu Ngpc Phan di vl ben npi mit bd mp chdng dang tan cu d Phfl Thp Sau niy ed djp ranh roi Vfi Phi Hdng hfii cha ring lim the nao di eic cy sinh bic si Dii xin cho bie sT liy chj minh? Nhi vin tti ldi: "Cd chii, thay cho vife hai gia dinh gip m$t, cy Le Vin Lf da vilt cho cha m? mdt Ii thu, xin phdp eho "eon trai dupc kit hdn vdi eon gii dng bi" - coi nhu ldi in hdi, xin dau" (15) Tudng Cao Vin Khinh vi nft bic si dsi ti Phsm Ngpc Toan da cd mdi tinh rit d?p Hp nang niu, tran ttpng tirng giiy tilrng phut hsnh phuc rieng tu Nhung Td qudc can, hp sin sang xa vl nhifm vy vi sin sing hi sinh vi nghia ei Dim cudi cua hp dupc td chiic tsi him Dd Cit thupc tsp doan cu dilm Difn Bien Phu sau vifn tudng niy cflng Bp Chi huy t^p doin cii dilm bj bit sdng (16) Theo truyin tfidng dan tpe, phii lya ehpn gifta vifc nude vi ttnh rifng, ngudi Vift da gic bd hojc hi sinhttnhrifing.Trudng hpp cua hpa sT Nguyen Sing khdng phii Ii ngosi If Tnrde biin qudc khing chiln, hpa si cd ngudi vp Phip tfn li Jermen Dobien Guan ng xa fipi v vung Khang chiln., 21 Trong nhftng nim khing chiln, dng lim vifc Nhfing quan hf xa hpi khac d nhi in Bp Tai chfnh, ca quan tdi mst in giiy Nhd cd khing chiln, cic gia dinh d ndng bsc, tem vi cdng philu khing chiln Mpt ea quan nhutfiekhdng ttil cd mpt ngudi phy nu ttidn xfeh Isi gan bon vi dsi nghia cua ngosi qudc di tfieo Nguyen Sang vi Jennen dan tpc: Td qudc Ii ttdn bet Nhftng nhi ngheo gdp cdng, gdp sue Nhftng nha gii, giiu dinh phai chia tay (17) cd datfiayddi each nghi Hpttiuongyeu dan 1.4 Quan hfddnghg ling hon, ty bd di rit nhilu hanh vi, ldi ndi xa Sau Cich msng tfiing Tim, ttiy cie sinh each, ttism chi bach djch ttudc day Hp giflp host ddng hp giim bdt vl ll nghi, vlti'nhchit da rat nhieu vl tiln, gso,ttiucin, noi an chd d quyln uy, gia trudng nhung quan hf hp hing cho eic ddn vj bp dpi, xf nghifp Cic don vj vin ed vai trd ding kl tten nhilu phuang difn bp dpi, cie XI nghifp di din dautfiudngdya vio nhftng nha giiu lim ca sd chfnh, vi d dd Thu nhat, ddng hp nio cd ngudi nim mdi ed nhi rpng, ed nhilu giudng chilu, cd quyln eai quan ling xa vin li dilu ngudi ta ndi ldn de tfidi com, cd bep rpng de niu quan tam (5 ling Ta, mpt ling csnh ttij xa Ha nudng cho nhilu ngudi in "6ng Phsm Lfi Ddng, "cudc ttanh giinh quyln lyc ehi'nh tn Bdng, chfl mpt ddn diln Idn d Ninh Blnh da vi vj ttf xa hdi gifta cie gia tde ldn da diln bio vdi Chu tjch Hd Chf Minh ring, dng sin rat gay ein, ttil hifn qua sy bit hda eua hai sing tilp nhsn 500 hp gia dinh ddng bio tin ddng hp Nguyin Bi vi Nguyen Dinh" (18) cu tiir tfiinh phd vl, cd dat, cd nhi, cd cac Thu hai, nhftng ngudi ttxjng hp ttiudng cdng cy di cd tfie ting gia sin xuit ty nudi giflp Ifle khd khin hosn nsn Trong song minh 6ng bi Dd Dinh Thifn, chu mpt thinh vifn nhftng gia dinh tan cu, quan hf hp ddn dien ci phf Idn d Chi Ne da dinh toin bd hing ttil hifn rit rd Trong gia dinh nhi vin ea sd cfla minh, kl ei miy mdc, nha xudng Vfi Ngpc Phan, ngoii vp eon dng, cdn ed hai cho ea sd in tten eua Bp Tii chfnh" (20) ngudi chiu tfiupc vl hp ben vp (cha eua hai Ngiy 24-2-1947, miy bay Phip oanh tse ca ngudi chiu niy da mit ttudc Cich msng) sd niy, tin phi gin nhu toin bp tii sin eua gia Luc mdi di tan cu, ngoii bd m? chdng vi siu dinh dng Do Dinh Thusn (21) con, vp chdng lust gia Vfl Dinh Hde edn dum NhChig gia finh nghfo hojc ttung blnh bpc dng anh chdng dau ylu eung ba dng: mdt ttai, hai eon gii Sau khai pha cung hit Idng vi khing chiln Cic doin thl xong cii ip da mua tu trudc Cich msng vii nhan dan vi nhilu ci nhin da'chu dpng gay nim d vflng Bd Dsu (Thii Nguyen), lust gia nhilu losi quy khic Phin ldn eic nai Vfi Dinh Hde tfioit li gia dinh, di tfieo chfnh deu cd hu gso khing chiln dl giup da bp phfl Vift Minh, cii ip niy datfiuhflt cic gia dpi vi ddng bio nghfeo ddi Nhieu nai lsp dinh ben ngosi eua lu$t gia, tfism chf cfla ea quy nudi quan, dl bp dpi vl ling, cd gso, cd quan io cho eic chien si Cd noi edn xdm hp U ling Da SI (tinh Hi Ddng luc dd) lsp quy binh si bj nsn dl giup dd thuong cflng chsy gije ft lau sau, gia dinh Vfi Dinh binh Nhilu gia dinh xin dupc nhsn thuong Hde edn ddn eic cy tfiin sinh ben vp, eic cy binh, bfnh binh vl lim nudi, nudi ttiin sinh cua dng Vu Bpi Tin (em hp lust dudng cho tdi liie linh lin, khde msnh Nim gia, luc dd eung ttioit li, cflng cdng tic d Bp 1947, ea nude cd phong ttio Mua ddng binh Tu Phip) tir noi gin djch len ip Bd Dsu Thl si, cic ba, cic chj may quin io cho bp dpi li hinh ttiinh mpt khu tan cu de nuang tya (22) Ngiy 25-10-1949, nhi tha Thdi Hftu lan (19) ghi ttong nhat kf: "Mpt bi lio 87 tudi nim ^HiiNCirUVANHdA "^^iMfiRnn f?am^,rri rw^h'^ RP/^^ 22 ngoii edn xung phong di ginh tiep te cho bp dpi vin di git, di quay bdng dl danh tien nudi hai du kfch" (23) Trudng hpp nhan dan ung bp bp dpi dudi day thst d^ bift: Cudi nam 1948, "bp dpi hinh quan di chuan bj dinh ddn Qu^ Cao Thii Binh Vl nghi tsi mpt ling np, bp dpi dupc chia tung tdp, cu vii ba ngudi d mpt gia dinh Ling xa gdp tiln cimg md lpn khao quin, chuin bj danh ddn gi$c Cic bi mp tat tudi di hii rau, niu nude Cic bd lao him hd md lpn khao quan Cic em thilu nhi ling Xing chsy quanh bp dpi xem miy khiu sflng, ngim nhihig ngdi trfin mu, hpe nhftng bii hit mdi Cie chj phy nft thl vo gso, nra rau, dun nau Bfta com ehilu, quan dan ca hit cflng nhautfistli vui vfi Din tdi, mpt phy nft ling kit tfian vdi mpt chiln si Hp ngdi ttnh ty vdi ben mdt ddng ram Dieu niy, ddi vdi tsp tye cfla mpi dja phuang thdi kl dd li dilu cim kj Dan quin bit dupe "qui tang" Cflng ed phan nhan daitti dso If Nhung eung cd phan phin img ty nhien cua nhihig "ttai ling" Hp dua ci hai ve dinh dl xu Chfnh tti vifn ttiu doin Tran Trudng cd tt^ch nhifm phai ttii hinh ki lugt chiln si np Ling xa tfil phii xu If ed gii Nhung den dua trudc dinh bsch tpi, cd gii nue nd khde vi ttiinh khin "khai eung" bing mpt cau rit ttist ttii, nhung nd Isi cd sue msnh ban bit cir mpt dng ttiiy cai tii ba nio: "Em tfiiy cie anh bp ddi khd sd, ngiy mai di dinh ddn ching bilt song chit tfil nio, nen em ung hp!" Tit ei mpi ngudi vita budn cudi, vira thuong ciu ndi ttio ngiy nhung rit dflng vdi tim Idng eua ngudi din vdi bp dpi Ai cfing ehpt nghl din eii ngiy mai dinh ddn gijc, ed ttil cd nhftng aittongcic anh bp ddi sg vi dan vi nude mi khdng bao gid ttd vl nfta! ^ nghl dd hinh nhu din cflng mpt luc vdi tit ci mpi ngudi Ty nhifin cfing ttiiy cupc xdt xu la ngd ngin Mpt quylt djnh dpt nhifin din vdi ca linh dso dja phuong vi lanh dso don vj bp dpi:ttiabdng cho ca hai bfn" (24) 2(18)-2015:NGHteN CCfU VAN H A Cic gia dinh tan cu nhsn dupc sy giflp dd tt'cb cyc cfla dja phucmg vi bi ndng din Nhilu nai da lsp quj^ giup ddng bio tan cu, nhim giup dd nhftng gia dinh tif ttiinh phd chsy giic ve tfidn qufi ed noi in chdn d, cd gso, ed rupng vudn vi vdn liing di lam in Vp nhi vin Nguyfn Tuin kl Isi: Luc dd ngudi thinh "tin cu vung ty cung xem nhu Ii di khang chiln va nhi nio ddn ngudi tan eu vl d cflng cung liy lim vinh hsnh nhu nhi minh da tham gia vio cdng cudc khing chiln cflfu nude Dja phuang cdn lsp ta ban ddn tiep ngudi tan eu dl phin chia den cie nhi ddng deu, keo ngudi ta thic mic vi cflng Ii dl giup dd ddng bio tan cu gip khd khin Chung tdi dupc chfl nhi eho d chd tot nhat ttong nhi Hoi chflng tdi vl Thanh Ii dung vao djp giip Tet Chfl nhi khdng cho chung tdi biy niu nudng gi hit Hp lim eo nau binh chung vi mdi ca nhi tdi in udng sudt miy ngiy Tit Den giao tfiua gia dinh cdn sip mpt mam c§ biy bin thd rifing de chflng tdi thip huong cflng m? toi vl m? tdi mdi mit gia dinh chua dosn tang" (25) Khi bi Nguyen Tuan ndi din chuyfn mua dit md quin bin hing thl chfl nhi gst di, bao bi cfl' liy dit nhi dng ta mi lim khdng phai mua bin gl hit Vp nhi vin ehi bd tien mua ft ttanh tre cdn cdng lim dng ehu nhiflnghp Qua ttudng hpp gia ^mh nhi vin Vu Ngpc Phan, chflng ta sS thiy ehfnh quyln dja phuang vi nhftng ngudi dan d ndng thdn di giflp dd ngudi tan cu ndi chung, gia dinh tri thuc niy ndi rifing ey thl vi cim d$ng nhu the nio, tinh ngudi ttong tfidi gian khing chiln dpp nhu thl nio Sau ngiy toin qudc khing chiln, gia dinh nhi vin tin cu vl Quan Tfn, Thanh Hda Den nim 1953, ngudi gii Idn li Giing Huong lfin Vift Bic hpe hpi hpa, nhi vin dupe dilu dpng vl Ban Vin Su Dja, ban niy cung ddng tsi Vift Bie Mpt ngudi ttai li Hoii Tuin tdng quin di dupc ba nim Hai ngudi ttai khic li f ' ;• Qma i;^ xa h ^ » vunafe»ari9u»i4n J3 Tuyen Hoing vi Huyen Giao dang hpc ldp va bao: "Cic ehu dOtng ndi the, eae chu cung cudi phdttidng.Cd gii Phi Hong hpc ldp nhu m? tdi, cin dupc bio vf an toan" eung ttudng vdi cic anh Csu eon ttai Trifu Khi Ifin din Tuyfin Quang, doan thiy rirng Man hpe ttudng ling Csu ut la Ngpc gii bao phu khip nai Bdn m? ba Hing Phuang mdi ba ttidi Nhi vin cd ttiu vl cho Phuong dupe dua dfn dja dilm cua Trudng vp (nha ttio Hing Phuang) li ca quan nhsn Mi thust tai cay sd 11 dudng Tuyen Quang nhi tfia vio lim vifc Ca quan cfing ed edng Hi Giang Den trsm lien lse, ttdi da sim tdi, vin de nghj dja phuang giup dd dl m? bon mp nhi tha dupc lien lse dua den nhi tha Hing Phuang len dupe Vift Bic Bi chd ca quan, cdn ba ngudi dan cdng la Hing Phuang di hai ngudi ldn d Isi hpc "ngudi ngoii" ttii dupc bd ttf nghi d ttsm cho xong chuang trinh phd ttidng, dem ba ngoii, khdng dupc vio bdi If bao mst ttidi nhd di cung Cupc di dupc bi chien Dl ba d Isi, bi Hing Phuang phai ttong xdm tien dua rit bjn rjn vi gia dinh nhi mat hai chuyin quay ttsm ngoii lin lupt vin da sdng d diy gan biy nim Chfnh quyen dem dsc vio Ba ngudi dan cdng tfiiy mp dja phuang cu ba din cdng giflp bdn m? con bi phai vao chd rung sau hun hflt tfii nha ttia: Mpt xe tfid mie vdng chd Trifu thuong vi rat ii ngsi Cur mdi lin bi ttsm jMan vi Ngpc Phuang; mpt xe thd chd dd liy dsc ttu bp Isi bio: "Bi ai, hay li dsc; mpt xe ttid chd luang thye Dang thdi chung tdi Isi dua bi vi cie chiu vao Thanh chiln, tir Thanh Hda lfin Tuyen Quang, hp Hda d, d nai rtoig xanh nui dd niy sdng phii di theo dudng rung Thanh Hda, dupe Thanh no ddi chflng tdi nudi, bi dudng di cdn bing phing, cdn ttfin dja phin khdng lo!" Phut chia tay ci bi vi ba ngudi Hda Binh, hp di bp len dfio, xudng ddc ttxing dan cdng diu khde Sau 18 ngiy dem, nhftng rimg cay um tflm Ngiy di, dfim nghi, cd hdm ngudi dan Thanh Hda da dua bdn m? eon bi di din qui nua dfim mdi dimg Isi Din din noi an toin (27) dudng di Isi thudng xuyfin eua bp dpi, cin Vp chdng nhi vin Vfl Ngpc Phan chi dem bd, dan cdng, noi cd nhftng nhi sin nhd nhu ciu flt Ngpc Phuong vio an toan khu; cdn hai cii chdi di dyng sin dl khich qua dudng cd chj em Phi Hdng, Trifu Min d ngoii, dl ttieo thl ngu qua dfim, doin "da ngfl ttong mpt cii hpc d Tnrdng Tin Trio 6ng bi tim dupc mpt chdi nhu tfie: mii Ipp bing ed ttanh, chdi ngdi nhi la ba gian d csnh dudng Idn Tuyen thung kfn xung quanh bing phfin nua dan, Quang - Hi Giang, dosn cay sd Chu ngdi sin lit bing nhflng eiy ludng che ken diy nhi li mpt ngudi din dng cao ldn, khoing 50 Mpt bfin eua chdi kf vio sudn nflii, cdn tuoi 6ng li ngudi miin xudi lfin day, edn vp mpt bfin cd cpt chdng bing gd ke cao cich li ngudi dja phuang Hp lim mpng ttong ling m}t dit khoing 1.5m - 2m ed cau ttiang Ifn vi lam nghl rimg Ngdi nhi hp lim, nhung chdi, chdi chi dl mpt cfla vio, Idng chdi rpng khdng d nen eho hai chj em Phi Hong d nhd ed ttil chua khoing chyc ngudi Dan dja Thinh ttioang dng chfl nhi mdi xem day phuang cho hay: vflng niy lim hflm beo!" chudi va vst mfa ttdng sau nhi Hai chj em ed (26) Nghe vsy, mp bi Hing Phuang rit gso vi tiln mua ttiue in bd m? gui ngudi sp nhung van phai di ngfl de hdm sau edn di lien Isc dem din Song cd tuan ll chi cdn gso tiep Nhftng ngudi dan cdng Quan Tin ndi: mi hit tien mua thuc in 6ng chfl nha bfen "Bi vi cie chiu cir nim vio ttong ngu cho chit cho mpt nii chudi xanh, biy cich eho Phi yfin, anh em tdi nim ngoii cho, nlu hd cd Hdng niu ttiinh mdn canh; vii hdm sau Isi den ttii nd "vd" anh em chung tdi ttudc, dsy cho ed each tim rau sam vi cich niu mdn khdng lo!" Bi Hing Phuang rit cam dpng canh niy (28) 24 Vp chdng nhi vin Vfi Ngpc Phan bin Idng tbeo khing chien chju dyng vi vupt qua mpi khd khin, thieu thdn va gian khd; nhi tha Hing Phuong rat thio vit, dam dang Ben csnh dd, tam long vi sy giup dd vd tu, chf ttnh cfla nhftng ngudi dan Thanh Hda, Tuyfin (Juang ciing Ii mpt nguon lyc giup dng bi try vihig, cie cua dng bi nfin ngudi nhftng nim thing khing chiln, di rdi ba, bdn chyc nim sau, hp deu li nhung cdng dan hihi fch vi tii ning eua dit nude d lifin khu rv, cac vin nghf si cua ehi hdi vin nghf nhu Chl Lan Vifn, Luu Trpng Lu, Hoing Trung Thdng, Huy Phuong, Tran Hftu Thung, Trung Anh, Hoing Nguyen d ttong nhi din Nhi tha Luu Trpng Lu cflng cie d nhi mpt bic ndng dan nghfio Bic ta cd thfim nghl di dinh ci dfim vi rat ed tii kl chuyfn vl cic nhan vit ttong ling Nhi tho Che Lan Vifin d ttong nhi mft bie lim nghl dye di Cd lin bie ta bio Chl Lan Vifin: "Vdn liing cfla anh la d ttong byng rdi vilt diu bflt Cdn cfla tdi Ii cii xi beng, cii vd, cai dye vi hai cinh tay Tdi hfle vio di lfin Cdn anh dit bflt vio mjt giiy Chft cfla anh di xa di rdng Cdn da ting cua tdi thl nim im dudi chin cpt nhi" Chl Lan Vifin da tti ldi mpt cich di ddm: "Nhung ngudi ddi Isi cd cau ring: Chic nhu di ting" (29) Hoing Nguyin d ttong nhi mdt bi m? Bi cd ngudi ttai nhit di Vf qudc Bi bit Hoing Nguyin ddng mpt quyen sd vi bit ghi thst ti mi ring: "Sudt thing m? cho in khoai vi sin budi sing Tuan qua, eon cd ba ngudi khich, mp diu niu nude chfi xanh vi hii cho ba qui budi dio dl tfilt bsn Hai hdm nay, eon bj cum, m? difimhii li xdng eho eon" - Ghi kl ttil dl lim gi,ttiuamp? Mpt hdm Chung tdi hdi vsy M? ndi: - Dl sau ttiing cfla mp vl nd xem, nd bifit ring nhftng nim nd di dinh gije dupe in 2(1B)-2015:NGHlfeN CI>U VAN H A d khip noi thi d nhi mp nd cung biet: Nhilu dilu phfl liy gii guong" (30) Nlu nhihig ngudi dan dja phuang cu xu vdi ddng bio tan eu vi eic cin bp thoit Ii an tinh nhu vsy thi ddng bio tan cu vi cic cin bp, cic vin nghf si, tti thuc, nha khoa hpe eung sdng rit tinh nghia vi hit Idng vdi ba Khi vp nhi vin Nguyfn Tuin md quin bin hing, miy anh phy tt^ch ttsi an duomg bp dpi thiy bi bin gii phai ching, sp bi khdng cd lai da bin khoin hdi: "Chj lim the niy thl Idi lai li bao?" Bi tra ldi: "Cac anh khdng lo, tdi chi lam dfl nudi eic chau thdi, chfl: tdi liy Idi lai nhilu mi lim gi!" Dan dan bp dpi biln quin cua bi thinh cau lse bd cfla ttsi an dudng Cie anh khdng ehi den in chio, in binh, mi can hpp sfta, gdi thude hay nhftng luc cd khich quan ttpng (cic dng to) d dau vl nghi an dudng cie anh Isi nhd bi mua bin niu Uifim ttiu niy tfiu np Bi giflp bp dpi bet Idng Tit din vin nghf si d Quin Tfn bp dpi vi bie si d bfnh vifn dit bi gdi binh chung (31) Doin kjch Chiln Thing cua Thl Lft bilu diln phyc vy bp dpi ddng bio bit cu d dau: dien ngoii ttdi sin khiu djt dudi chan ddc ngudi xem ngdi tren nhftng sudn ddi xung quanh; ed dien cho ddng ngudi xem; ed ehi mpt tdp bp dpi ttinh sit mdt nhdm dan cdng ngdi nghi chin, budi bilu dien vin dupc td chue; cd kl mpt ddn djch cd li ttsm da chiln; ed diln vifin lfin can sdt birng bimg cd budi ttiilu com thilu muoi phai in rau riing trir bfta van diln (32) Trong nhftng thung Iflng heo hut d Vift Bie kl su Trin Dsi Nghia chl tso vi thu nghifm cic losi vfi khf SKZ DKZ Tsi rung sau Nghi Xuan Thanh Hda, kl su Trjnh Tam Tinh xay dyng Id cao ttong dilu kifn eye kl thilu thdn vl ttang bj kl thust Nam Bp, bic si Nguyin Vin Thy da di khip eic vilng khing chiln dl xay dyng nhftng eo sd nha khoa ehfta ring cho nhin din d Ninh Binh (Bie Bp), bic si DJng Vfi Hy tir QtiaR hf x§ h^i a> vung khang chifin M bd cupc sdng nhung lya, sdng vdi dan nhu chju bom, ,nhieu blnh ding han; nhilu ngudi ndng dan Sau che tfiir tfiuoe nghi ttiue, nghi If da chuyen bien hoic tfiay chong dia, dng ty tfil nghifm ttudc, den eho ddi tfieo thdi cudc Mpt cd sy ddi lsp thst nhilu dia, tfid chan xudng, mpt chan cd gifta tinh nha y i vifc nude flii lpi fch cfla bdi ttiudc, mpt chin khdng Chin khdng bdi cupc khang ebien, quyln lpi dan tde se dupe thuoe, dia bim diy Cdn chan ed bdi ttiuoc dat len ttifn, tham chf nhan dan ta cd thl gst thi khdng mpt eon dia nao bim vio Ba bd tinh rieng Cd nhftng mdi quan hf mdi ndng dan dupe dungtfnjrtfiudcnay, rit phin thst dpp y i cam dpng gifta ba d ndng khdi, khdng gpi dng Ii "bic sT", mi gpi l i ttidn v i ddng bao tfij tan cu, gifta bp "cy sr" vdi quan nifm "cy" ttii gii tti hon dpi vi nhan dan, gifta ttf Uiue, vin nghf sf "bac" (33) vi nhan dan Chfnh Idng yfiu nude thilt tha Cdng cupc khing chiln khdng chi tso nen vi finh cam ttong sing, dpp de da gdp phin tinh cam tdt dpp gifta quan vi dan, gifta bi vao chiln tiling cfla dan tpcV ndng dan va ddng bao ttiinh tfij tan cu, ttf N.X.K ttiue, vin nghf si, mi cdn giup cho ddng bao mien xudi, ngudi Kinh nhsn ttiuc dflng din vi Ding Phong (2002), Lich sii kinh ti Vift f i n ttpng ddng bio tdc ttiilu sd Chfnh phu khing chiln da giup dd ddng bio nhilu Nam 1945 - 2000 t|p 1: 1945-1954, Nxb Khoa phuong difn: giii phdng hp tfioit khdi ich ip hpc Xa hdi, in tsittiinhphd Ho Chf Minh, tt 208 hue cfla ttiyc dan dl qudc, tuyfin ttuyin, vsn Vifn van hpc (1995), Cdch mgng khdng ddng sdng tfieo ddi sdng mdi, dio tso em chien vd ddi sdng vdn hgc 1945-1954 Nxb Khoa hp, dua mudi lfin vflng cao, Diy khdng hpc Xa hdi, Hi Npi,tt.80 phii Ii sy giup dd mpt chilu Chfnh ddng Vfl Dinh H6e (2004), Hdi kl Nxb Hdi Nhi bio da cuu mang nhftng cin bp eua Dang vin, in tsittiinhphd Hd Chf Minh,tt.664 nhftng ngiy cich msng cdn ttung nude Vifn Vin hpc (1995), sdd,tt.47 Rimg nui bao la, tfiifin nhien bio phdng vi va Trifu Man (2007), "Cha toi vi cic con", tam Idng ddn hsu cflng vdi nhftng phim chit tip sach: Nhilu tic gii, Nhd vdn VQ Ngg'c tot dpp cua ddng bio di lim ttiay ddi nhsn Phan Ki nifm 105 ndm ngdy smh (1902-2007) ttiue cua khdng ft ngudi miin xudi: Miin nui Nxb van hpc Hi Npi.tt.289 khdng qui tfia mpng, nhung cfing khdng din Djng Phong (2002), sdd,tt.404 noi ghfi rpn vi mdng mupi nhu mdt sd tic gia Thupngttiuliic dfi hrong ty nhu bdttudngbiy mien xudi da vilt ttudc Cich msng tfiing gid, nhung liic dfi sd lupng Uiupng Uiu ft hon nhilu Tim nim 1945 Tim Idng ttiuong yfiu vi sy -N.X.K hi sinh vd bd bin cua ddng bio cie dan tdc Vfl Dinh Hoe (2004) sdd, tt 668 ttiieu sd di giflp chfnh cie ein bd vi cic ttf Tuin phu li chue quan dung diu mftttnhvua, thuc, vin nghf si cd Uifim nghj lye tty vftng d chien khu (34) tdng dfic li quan dflng dau mfitttnhldn - N.X.K Vifn van hpc (1995), sdd,tt.49 Vu Trifu Man (2007), bdd,tt.289- 292 Trong ttidi gian khing chiln chdng Phip cic mdi quan hf gia dinh, hp hing tilp tyc dupe tti; quan hf gifta cic ttiinh vifin dl Theo ldi hi vp nhi vin Nguyin Tuin thi gia dinh nhi van Vu Ngpc Phan mua mdng (Vifn Va„ hpc 1995 s&l, tt 52) Cfin theo ldi Vu Trifu Min («.n cfla nhi van Vfl Ngpc Phan) ttii dja phuang cipradng.bdd, tt 289-290 Cdn tt^o Idi Vfl Phi 26 (18) - 2015: NGHlfeN CI>U V A N H A Hdng (con gii nhi van)ttdUy banttnhde nghj dja 18 John Kleinen (2013), Ling Vift ddi difn phuong cho mufin Isi rudng dl sin xuit Xem: Vfl taong lai hdi sinh qud Uid tii bin, Nxb Lao Phi Hdng (2009), Long me, Hfii kf, Nxb Hdi Nhi ddng, in tsittiinhphd Hd Chf Minh, tt 109 vin Hi Npi,tt.21 Lang To li ten ling da dupe tic gii ddi tfin Tir Cich msng ttiing Tim din ttiing 7-1947, ling To 10 Vu Phi Hdng (2009) sdd, tt 96 11 VQ Dmh Hoe (2004), sdd,tt.665-666,668 nim dufii sy lanh dso cfla chfnh quyln Vift Minh Tft sau tiling 7-1947, nhihig ngudi cfi chiic sic cfl 12 Vu Phi Hdng (2009), sdd,tt.47- 48 va hfi tl dupc tii lip, Vift Minh nil vio host dfng 13 va Trifu Man (2007), bdd,tt.291 bf mil Tft nim 1948 din ttiing 7-1954 khfing ft 14 Hoing Kim Ding (2008), "Ngiy xuan lin cfi chiln sy d ling niy chuyfn cuoi", liong Tsp chf Khoa hgc vd To qudc, 19 va Dinh Hde (2004) sdd,tt.666 sd + 4,ttiing2, sd Xuan Mfu Ty,tt.33 20 Ding Phong (2002) sdd.tt.369-370 Tic gii cho bilt: "Khi ngudi dan chuong tiinh 21 Ding Phong (2002) sdd.tt.367 (cdn gpi li chu hon) sip den giai dosn kit ttiflc, 22 Ding Phong (2002) sdd,tt.369 ttiudng dung l£n trinh trpng hfi khiu hifu: 'Td 23 Vifn van hpe (1995), sdd tt.265 qudcttenhill" Mpi ngudi diu gio cinh tay ddng lost cimg hfi: 'Tren hit, trfin hit!"; "Vui duyfin 24 Ding Phong (2002), sdd.tt.372 mfii khfing quen nhiem vy!" Mpi ngudi Isi gia 25 Vifn van hpe (1995) sdd.tt.47 cinh tay, ddng lost ciing hfi: "Khfing qufin, khfing 26 Vfl Phi Hdng (2009) sdd.tt.80 qufin!"; "Hsnh phuc gia dinh nim tiong hsnh phfle 27 Vfl Phi Hdng (2009) sdd.tt.84 din tfie"! Mpi ngudi Isi gio cinh Uy ddng lo?t 28 va Phi Hdng (2009) sdd.tt.86 93-94 cimg hfi: "Nam trong, nim trong!" Thit li cudi nufic mat nhung iy chl dim khflc khfch cudi 29 Vifn Vin hpc (1995) sdd.tt.465 mittifii",bdd,tt.34 30 Vifn van hpc (1995), sdd.tt.465 15 va Phi Hdng (2009), sdd.tt.97 - 99 31 Vifn van hpc (1995) sdd.tt.49 16 Hoing Kim Ding (2008) bdd,tt.33 32 Vifn van hpc (1995) sdd tt 113-15 17 Ding Phong (2002), sdd,tt.395 33 Ding Phong (2002) sdd.tt.568.421- 421 34 Ding Phong (2002) sdd,tt.436 It IV •K Nguyin XuSn Kinh: Social relations In tho war zone during the French war This paper mentions the family relation, relative relation, relation between the soWiers and people, relation between farmers and urban evacuee, and relation between intellects, artists and people In general, in the lamily relation, people are equal and some rituals has changed in consistent with the situation In the hard days of poor physical condition behaviors were nice and touching Patriotism and good social relation contributed to the victory Keywords: Social relation, family relation, family, the French war  ... dilm cua Trudng vp (nha ttio Hing Phuang) li ca quan nhsn Mi thust tai cay sd 11 dudng Tuyen Quang nhi tfia vio lim vifc Ca quan cfing ed edng Hi Giang Den trsm lien lse, ttdi da sim tdi, vin de... chdi nhu tfie: mii Ipp bing ed ttanh, chdi ngdi nhi la ba gian d csnh dudng Idn Tuyen thung kfn xung quanh bing phfin nua dan, Quang - Hi Giang, dosn cay sd Chu ngdi sin lit bing nhflng eiy ludng... (1995), sdd,tt.49 Vu Trifu Man (2007), bdd,tt.289- 292 Trong ttidi gian khing chiln chdng Phip cic mdi quan hf gia dinh, hp hing tilp tyc dupe tti; quan hf gifta cic ttiinh vifin dl Theo ldi hi vp