Xu hướng biến đổi cấu trúc các tầng lớp xã hội ở vùng kinh tế trong điểm phía Nam trong thời kỳ đổi mới.pdf

TAP CHl KHOA HQC XA HOl s6 (200) 2015 - XU HU'ONG BI^N D6I C A U TRUC CAC T A N G L O P XA HOI d VUNG KINH TE TRONG B|6M PHIA NAM TRONG THOI KY DOI MOI DO THIEN KiNH Tren ca sd he thong phan tang xi hdl ca nwdc, bai viit da phan tach neng cie tang Idp xa hgi d vOng kinh ti trpng diim phia Nam Biiu dd nham dwa nhung nhin xit khii quit rieng cho tiiu vung kinh ti-xa hpi phia Nam sw so sanh vdi birc tranh ting the ca nwdc nil chung: Trong thdi kf dii mdi (din nim 2012), cau true eac tang Idp xa hgi a vung kinh ti trpng diem phia Nam dang dich chuyin din tu' hinh dgng 'kim tw thip" sang tiip can tdi gin hinh qui trim (hinh thoi) vdi cic ting Idp a giO'a dang phinh to Trong dd, md hinh phan tang xi hdi d ea nwdc van cd dang hinh 'kim tw thip" Ciu trOc cic tang Idp xi hdi d vung kinh ti trgng diem phia Nam twang dwang vdi glai dogn Phit triin cing nghiep hda Trong dd, ca nud'c dang giai dogn cuii cua Khdi dau cdng nghiip hda va dang bwde sang Phit trien cdng nghigp hda, cdn vung Bing bang sdng Hing bit diu budc vio glal doan Phit triin cdng nghiep hda Nhw vgy swphit trien xa hpi a vOng kinh ti trpng diim phia Nam d giai dogn cao hon va cao nhat so vdi ea nwdc Trong qud trinh cdng nghigp hda vd hien dai hda hien d Viet Nam, tinh viing kinh te trpng d i l m phia Nam''' ddng vai trd la dau tdu kinh t i ca nyde Hd thing giao thdng (dydng hdng khdng, cgm cang sdng bien, dydng bp, dydng sit) phdt trien mgnh Viing ndy Id trung tam ndng lypng (ede nha mdy dign, khai thde dau khi) cua ea nyde Hoat dong djch vy vd buon bdn (ede sieu thj vd trung tam thypng mgi Idn cug cdc tap dodn tren t h i gidi) nhdn nhjp nhit nyde V l cdng nghigp: "Tai ddy co khu cdng nghe cao, khu c h i x u l t Tdn Thudn vd Llnh Trung, Cdng vlen phln m i m Quang Trung vd hdng chgc khg edng nghigp thu hut khde nhy; Bien Hda, Nhpn Trach, Loteco, Amata (Ding Nai), Sdng Than, Viet Nam - Singapore, Viet Hypng, Nam Tdn Uyen, My Phydc, D i n g An (Binh Dyang), Tan Tgp, Vinh Lpc, Tdn Binh (TPHCM) Cdc ngdnh ccng nghigp 66 Thifin Kinh Tiin sT Vifin xa hfii hoc qyan trpng nhit cug vimg bae g i m : D i u Bdi viit ducc thyc hifin khuOn f tdi |^^| ^^ ^^ ^ j j , ^ig^ ^^ ^^ ^^^^• Chuyen dich ca CSU xS h9i phit then xS • ,, ', , hdi vi quin If phit triin XS hdi vung kinh tS ^°^ "^ha' Phan bon, can thep Ngoai tnjng diim phia Nam din nSm 2020 (2014cdn ed mpt s i khu edng nghidp tap trung 201S), Chu nhifim: GS.TS BuJ Thi Cufi'ng p Long An ( B i n Ldc, C i n Giupc, C i n n f l THIEN KiNH - XU HU'6'NG B I S N | C A U TRtJC Dyde, T h i Thda, Ode Hda vd Tan An) My Thp (Tiin Giang)" (http://vi.wikipedia erg, truy cap ngdy 1/2/2015) Bye tranh kinh t i d tren da tao nen cau true xd hdi viing ndy nhy t h i ndo? Bdi viit ndy nhim trd ldi cho cdu hdi dat d day, tde d l cdp d i n cdu true eac ting ldp xa hpi d viing kinh t i trpng dilm phia Nam Ty ddy, se dya nhdng nhan xet khdi qudt v i xu hydng biin d i i cua nd cho tiiu vdng kinh tl-xa hdi sy SP sdnh vdi bdc tranh ting t h i cd nyde ndi chung MOT Sfi VAN D LY LUAN CO B A N VANGUdNSOLieu Npi dung trinh bdy muc ndy id nhdng tdm lypc e i n thiit trydc tien d i i vdi tlnh trgng ly ludn vd nghidn edu thyc nghidm v i phdn tang xa hpi d Vi$t Nam hi$n Nd dype t h i hien d i y dii han qua ba bdi viet vd cuin sdch da xult ban ciia tdc gia (Dd Thien Kinh, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014) Trcng dd, cd trinh bdy v l mpt s i v l n de ly lugn phdn tang xa hdi dp cdc nhd xd hpi hpc quic t i xdy dyng vd phdt triln dya tren cp sd k i t hpp giya 1^' ludn giai elp cua K Marx va ly thuyit phdn ting xa hpi ciia M Weber ddy, tdi chi tdm t i t lgi nhyng net chinh vd b i sung, bien tgp them vdi chd 1.1 Khdi nigm phdn ting xa hpi Phdn ting xd hdi t h l hign tinh trgng b i t binh dang xa hpi mgng tinh c l u triic (structured inequalities), va mang tinh thiit c h l (Institutionalized inequalities) tdc la mpt hg thing xd hpi cd sy x i p hgng thee tdn ti trdt ty tren du'di gida cdc ting Idp dypc thiit ldp vd tri i n djnh Hg thing xd hpi ndy nhim xdc djnh: (1) Ldm t h i ndp md ngydi ta d vdo vj tri nhu vay? (2) Cae logi nguin lyc, nguin Ipi, tai san va dich vu xa hdi dypc phan phoi gida mpi ngydi theo nhdng quy tdc, phyang thdc nhy t h l ndo? Hoac, bang edeh nao ma hp nhdn dypc nhdng gi? (3) Tgi Igi phdn phii nhy vay? (David B Grusky, 2000; Giddens Anthony & Mitchell Duneier, 2000, tr 146; Harcid R Kerbo, 2000, tr 10, 11, 81) Cd t h l t i n g hpp lai nhyng k i t qua nghien edu thdnh khai mem phan t i n g xa hdi, cg the nhy sau: Phan ting xS hdi Id s y phan ehia nhdng ngydi trydng thdnh xd hpi thdnh cac nhdm ca ban khae Ding thdi, eae nhdm ndy dyac x i p hang theo tdn ti trat tw tren dydi d l tgp cdc ting ldp hg thong M i l ting bao gim nhyng ngydi cd dia vi kinh ti - xa hgi twang tw gin vdl He thong xep hgng tdn ti trgt ty ndy la sy bat binh ding mang tinh c i u trtie vd la thupc tinh eua xa hpi D i n g thdi, sy b i t binh dang ndy cDng mang tinh thilt che vd co the trap truyin qua cde t h i he Trang h§ thong phdn tang, cdc thdnh vien se khac v i kha nang thang tien (di dpng) bdi dja vj khdng giing cua hg cdc bde thgng xg hdi (Cgroiine Hodges Persell, 1987; David B Grusky, 2000; Giddens Antheny & Mitchell Duneier, 2000; G Endruweit & G Trommsdorff, 2002; Robert A Rothman, 2005; Tony Bilton vd nhdng ngydi khac, 1993) 1.2 Cdch t i i p cgn viec lydng cdc giai tang tren t h i gidi Td ndi dung khdi niem If thuyit phan tang xd hpi tren day, v i n d i ddt la "fhao tic hda khai nigm" di ludng TAP CHl KHOA HQC XA HQI s6 (200) 2015 thwc nghigm cde giai tlng'^' nhy t h l ndo? Ndi cdch khdc, ldm t h i ndc d l dp dgng dype khdl niem phan t i n g xa hgi vao thye t l cupe sing? Tdc la, lam the ndo de nhgn biit (nhdn dien) dype eae ting ldp xg hdi? D i i vdi ede nhd nghien eyu d Vigt Nam thydng phan tdch tdng gdc dp ( v i tdi san, quyin lyc, uy tin) d i mieu ta v l phdn t i n g xd hpi K i t qua id, hp lya chpn gdc nhin v l tdi san/mdc sing thl d l lydng hpn ca Cdc gdc nhin (tieu ehi) cdn lai thi r i t khd dp lypng vd khnng b i l t lydng nhy t h i ndo Trong dd, da s i eac nhd xa hdi hpe quie t i dya vdp nghi nghiip Se lydng''*' he thing phan t i n g p m i l xd hpi (Robert A Rothman, 2005, tr 6, 7) Thdm chi, viec lydng thyc nghiem cdc giai t i n g xa hpi qua c l u triic nghi nghiep edn dype giang dgy gido trinh xd hpi hpe tren t h i gidi (Giddens, 2001, tr 287, 305, 306) Cg t h l hpn, d i dp dgng khai niem phan tang xa hpi tren day trpng nghidn cyg thyc nghiem, ngydi ta da phin nhdm dya vdn c l u true n g h i nghiep Tdc id phdn t i , phdn nhdm cde legi n g h i nghiSp - ehd khdng phai dya vdo ngdnh kinh t l nhy cdc nhd nghien cdu d Vigt Nam thydng hiiu T i i p theo, hp da x l p hgng thee ten ti trdt ty tren dydi (tdc id phin ting sau phan nhdm) dya vdp dja vj kinh tl-xa hpi m d rpng (tdi san/cua cai, thu nhdp; giao dge; gy tin n g h i nghiep; von van hoa; v i n xa hpi) d l tgp thdnh cdc t i n g Idp trcng xd hdi (Bd Thien Kinh, 2013, tr 97) Sa dT nhy vgy, bdi vi nghi nghigp la nai "quy tif vd 'hpi du dyac eac loai nguin lyc, nguin Ipi, tdi san vd vj tri xd hdi cua m i l cd nhdn Ndi cdch khdc, cdc loai nguin lyc, nguin Ipi, tai san vd vi tri xd hpi thydng g i n liln vdi qua nghi nghiep cua moi cd nhdn Chinh vi vgy, md Frank Parkin (1971) da col elu true n g h i nghigp nhy id 'chiic xwang sing cua toin he thing nguin lai xa hdi phypng Tdy hien dai" Hoac Id Robert M Hauser va David L Featherman (1977) cho ring nghien edu "clu true di ddng nghi nghigp [ ] di mang Igi nhO'ng thdng tin ding thdi (mdc dii Id gian tiip) ve quyin li/c dia vi, quyin Iwc kinh ti vi quyin Iwc chinh trf Ngay cd Otis Dudley Duncan (1968) vd Taleott Parsons (1954) cung cho id nhy vdy (trich lai ty David B Grusky (ed.), 2001, tr 7) Han nda, sy phdn loai vd x i p hang uy tin nghi nghiep thydng cd tinh kha thi vd dp ehinh xdc cae han so vdi vigc thu thdp nhdng tieu chuan khdc vdn khd lydng (vi dg nhy quyin lyc) v i cdc t i n g idp xa hpi Nhy vgy, dg s i cdc nhd xd hdi hgc quie t i dd lya chpn nghi nghigp dwac hiiu nhw li tieu chuan ting hap d l phan loai/phdn nhdm vd x i p hang cdc tdng Idp xd hdi Tdc Id thdng qua "nghe nghiep" d i tim hiiu v i phdn ting xd hdi Ndi edeh khde, n g h i nghiep da bao hdm trpng no he thing da tieu chuin (da chilu cgnh) cd ngudn g i c x u l t phdt ty M Weber, chd khong phei chu y i u la dan tieu ehudn (mdt ehilu cgnh) nhy K Mgrx Hg thing dg tieu chuin ndy Id sy k i t hap giya Marx vd Weber dp eac nhd xa hpi hpc tren t h i gidi xdy dyng va phdt triln sau ndy (Dd Thien Kinh, 2013, tr 102) Doi vdi xd hdi Vigt Nam truyin thong ngdy xya, "thd bgc ede ting Idp xd hdi dypc s l p x i p nhy sau: Vua - Quan - Bia 4Bia OO THigN KiNH - XU HU'O'NG B | £ N | C A U TR chli - ST - Ning - Cdng - Thwang." (Oi tieu chi t i n g hpp qua cau true nghi Thien Kinh, 2012, tr 44) cap Idng xd, nghigp, ta ce the k i t n i i d l tgp thdnh eung t i n tgi cdch phan chia vd x i p hgng dpng chay lien tgc ciia hg thing phdn thd bde eho todn bp ddn cy Idng/xa thep t i n g xa hpi d Vigt Nam td qud khii' nghi nghiep, gpi Id tw din: sT - ndng - truyin thong eho d i n thdi ky eong cdng - thwang "la ed t h l ting hpp Igl nghiep hda hien tdn tl trat tw td tren xuing dydi cdc dang 1.3 Nguin s i lieu vd phypng phdp xd ly c i p d ldng xd Viet Nam Ijch sy Trpng qud trinh cdng nghigp hda, hign (thdi ky phong kiln) nhy sau: Quan ly dai hoa vd hdi nhdp q u i c t i d Vigt Nam, xd/thon vd ST - Nong - Cdng - Thyang" nghien edu ndy dp dgng tieu chuin ting (Do Thien Kinh, 2013, tr 101) Sy phdn hpp Id nghi nghiSp vd dja vj kinh t l - xd chia ndy trydc h i t Id dya trdn quyin lyc hpi m d rdng d i phan Ipgi/phdn nhdm va chinh trj, sau dd Id dya theo nghi nghiep x l p hang cdc t i n g Idp xa hpi V l Theo !? nghTa cua s y phdn logi cae nhom nguin s i liSu, dypc khai thdc qua cdc nghi nghiep hign nay, thi nhdm Quan ly cude Oiiu tra Mdc s i n g ddn ey/hd gia xd/thon eung Id mdt logi nghi die biit dinh Vigt Nam t y nam 1992/1993 d i n Do vgy, sy phdn leal cdc tang ldp xa hpi nam 2012 dp T i n g ege Thing kd thyc d Idng/xa ndng thdn truyen thing cd t h l hign vdi quy md chpn mau dgi dign chp quy gian v i tieu ehuin nhit la nghi ea nyde (miu thu nhdp vd chi tieu) nghiip Danh td ' n g h i nghiip' trcng Trong khoang thdi gien 20 nam tilng Vi$t (tdi nhdn manh ehd "nghigp") (1992/1993 - 2012), Ting cgc Thing ke nhy id nai t h i hign nhdng ca may vd rui dd tiin hdnh egdc Oiiu tra Mdc sing rp, thdnh dgt vd that bai d i u dype "quy ddn ey/hp gia dlnh Viet Nam (1992/1993, tg" vd "hdi dii" vdo cdi "nghigp" d l tao 1997/1998, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, nen vj t h l xd hpi ciia moi cupc ddi mdt 2010, 2012) Nghien cdu ndy phdn tieh ngydi Mpt vi du nghien ciru trwdng hpp v i phdn t i n g xd hdi ljch sd s i lieu tgi ba thdi d i l m edeh 10 ndm (1992/1993, 2002, 2012) nhim tim qua dinh ldng Yen S d (tinh Hd Odng) id hieu xu hydng biln d i i v l c l u triic cdc minh hpa s i n g dpng v i edeh lydng ting ldp xd hpi Dan vj phdn tich trcng thdng qua c l u true nghi nghigp (Do nghien edu id cdc ca nhan (chd khdng Thien Kinh, 2013, tr 98-102) Nhy t h i , phai id chii hp dgi dign che gia dinh) fir ta t h i y xd hpi Vigt Nam truyin thong da 15 tudi trd ten vd da nghi hgc Cdc cupc t h i hign ly thuyit phan t i n g xd hdi eua dilu tra Mde s i n g dan ey/hp gia dinh xa hdi hpe hign dgi Thilt nghT ring, ede nhd nghien edu v i phdn t i n g xa h i i d Vigt Nam Id thich hpp cho vigc nghien Vigt Nam hign nen hdi nhdp vdi xd cdu v i phdn tang xd hdi Bdi vi nguin so hdi hpc quic t l Oilu ndy eung Id phu ligu cd thdng tin v i nghi nghiep hpp vdi tieu chuin-phan chia vd sap (bang ma nghi cap 11) cila nhdng ca x i p tdn ti trdt ty giya cae giai tang nhdn diing de "phan nhdm" vd co nhirng Ijch sd Viet Nam Tren ca sd lydng chi bdo lydng dja vj kinh t l diing d l "phan ting" TAP CHi KHOA HQC XA HQI s i (200) 2015 ma n g h i 18, 19); (3) cac nha Chuyen Cu t h l han, cdc nhdm ma nghi e i p 11 d mdn bic cao (nhdm ma n g h i 21 - 26); (4) cudc O i l u tra Mdc s i n g hp gia dinh 2002 nhdng ngydi Nhan vien (nhdm ma nghi - 2012 id typng thich vdi Do vay, 31 - 44); (5) nhdng ngydi Cdng nhan cd t h l x y ly vd phdn nhdm thdnh t i n g (thp thgyin) (nhdm ma n g h i 81 - 83); (6) Idp xd hdi trpng cde eupe diiu tra ndy (khong k l nhdng ngydi cd md n g h i t i n g ldp Budn ban - dich vu (nhdm ma nghi 51 - 54); (7) t i n g ldp Tiiu thu cdng qudn dpi) O i l vdi md n g h i d cudc nghiip (nhom ma n g h i 71 79); (8) Oiiu tra Mde sing dan ey 1992/1993, nhdng ngydi Lao ddng gian don (nhdm 1997/1998 khing tyang thieh hpan todn md n g h i 91, 93 - 96); (9) ting ldp Ndng vdi eupe d i l u tra mdc sing hd gia dinh dan (nhom ma n g h i 61 - 63, 92) 2002 - 2012 Do vdy, d i k i t n i l vd so Tuy nhien, s y phan ehia thdnh ting ldp sdnh dypc cdc cudc O i i u tra Mdc s i n g xd hdl nhy trinh bdy tren ddy khdng phai dan ey/hp gia dinh Vigt Nam vdi nhau, ta dyg tren vdl trdm nghi cu t h l nhy cdc ed t h l x y ly vd phdn ehia nhdm nyde tren the gidl, md Id dyg tren vdi tdng ldp xa hpi trpng cdc cudc D i l u tra Mde s i n g ddn c y 1992/1993, 1997/1998 chgc nhdm nghi c i p 11 d Oiiu tra Mdc sing dan cy/hd gia dlnh Viet Nam Dp Trong dd, cde nhdm md nghi ciia t i n g Idp ndng dan la tyang thich vdi d vdy, k i t qua nghien edu cd •) nghTa d mdc dp khdi qudt pham vi ea nyde, t i t ca cdc cude D i l u tra Mdc sing ddn hai khu vye nong thdn, dd thj, vd cde ey/hp gia dinh Vigt Nam Ndng ddn id ting ldp ddng dao nhit, ddng vai trd vting kinh tl-xa hpi d Vigt Nam, md khdng di sau dypc vdo chi tiit eg t h l quan trpng d l tgo nen hinh dgng cua hpn Ddy cung id d i l m han e h i cua thdp phdn t i n g xa hpi a Vigt Nam Ap nghien edu Trong dilu kien Viet dgng s y "phdn nhdm" dya vdo nghi Nam, each phdn ehia dya vdo nghi nghigp, ta nhdm gdp nhdng ngydi eo nghigp nhy t h i id cd the chip nhdn n g h i nghiep gan gui vdi d l tao dypc vd cd tinh kha thi d i thye hign thdnh mpt nhdm n g h i ddc tryng cho mdt nghien cdu Ridng ehi bdo v i dja vj xa t i n g Idp xa hpi ndp dd, Sau qud trinh hpi (uy tin n g h i nghigp) khdng cc trpng nhdm gpp vd phdn chia nhiiu l l n thgp D i l u tra Mdc song dan ey/hp gia dinh mdt s i chi tieu khdeh quan eua cdc t i n g Viet Nam thi dypc de lydng qua cude Idp xd hpi (hpe v l n , ting chi tieu, ehi dilu tra xa hdi hpc b i sung hgn e h i d Hd ngoai an uong, gid trj cho p, cd may vi tlnh, cd internet) (Od Thien Kinh, 2011, tr Ndi vd Bdc Ninh nam 2010 (Do Thien Kinh, 2012, tr 19-21, 35-36, 50-51) Nhy 11, 12; 2012, tr 45-53), ta cd dypc mgt da trd thdnh mdt quy ludt ring, cdc cau true bao g i m t i n g Idp xd hdi CP eupe lydng thyc nghigm xd hpi hoe d ban trpng ca nyde d egpc D i i g tra Mdc nhilu nyde khdc tren t h l gidi, thi s i n g hp gia dlnh 2002 - 2012 Do id (1) t i n g Idp ndng ddn bgp gid cung cd d i i m cdc nhd Lanh dgo cic cap va cic nganh s i uy tin n g h i nghiep vdo loai thip Mac (bao g i m cde nhdm ma nghi td s i 11 dil vigc cham d i l m n g h i nghigp Id thep y d i n s i 17); (2) nhdm Doar7h nhan (nhdm DO T H I E N K I N H - XU HU'ONG B I £ N O O I C A U TROC kiln ddnh gid chu quan cIJa m i l ngydi, nhyng k i t qua lydng dilm s i uy tin nghi nghigp cho todn bp c l u true nghi nghigp thydng id i n djnh trcng thdi gian kha ddi cho tdng nyde vd k i ca so sdnh gida cdc nyde khdc eung thydng giing nhau: "90 nghi nghigp d My dypc xep hgng theo d i l m s i , ehung dypc nhdng ngydi tra ldi khdc tgi IWy ddnh gid vdo ndm 1963 vd 1947 Diem s i cua ede nghi nghigp n l m khoang td eao (96 diim) d i n thip (33 dilm) Cdc dilm s i ndy vd thd hang tyang d i i eiia cde nghi nghiep khdc thay d i i rat it t d ndm 1963 Cdc nghi nghigp dypc x i p hang theo nhyng cdch rat giing nhy t h i d 60 nyde cdng nghigp cOng nhy ndng nghigp khdc" (Caroline Hodges Persell, 1987, tr 205) Cde nhd xd hpi hpc tren t h l gidi thydng nghien edu hg thing phdn ting xa hpi nhim dgt tdi s y khdi qudt d e l p quic gia Nhyng bdi v i i t dya tren ca s d edu true trpng ca nyde d l phan tach rieng cdc tang ldp xa hpi d viing kinh t i trpng dilm phia Nam id n h i m "cd lap tyong d i i " tieu viing kinh t l - xa hdi ndy sy so sdnh vdi t i n g t h l ca nyde vd viing D i n g blng sdng Hong T y dd, co the dya nhdng nhdn xet khdi qudt rieng eho tilu vimg kinh t i - xa hdi phia Nam so vdi bdc tranh t i n g the ca nyde noi chung XU H U O N G B l t N OOl CAU TRCIC CAC T A N G L O P X A HOI Nhy da trinh bdy d tren, phyang phap xy ly s i ligu Id thing nhit t d cupe Dieu tra Mdc sing ddn e y 1992/1993 den cude Oilu tra Mdc sing hp gia dinh 2012 Trong dd, hai nam 1992 1993, 1997/1998 dype chia tdch nhom ting ldp, edn nhdng ndm 2002 - 2012 Bang Ti lg ddn sfi cac ting/nhom xa hgi d Vigt Nam va viing kinh t i trgng dilm tinh Nam BO (1992/1993-2012) Tdng/nhfim xfi hO 1992/1993 (8fnhNB) N Lfinh dao, quan ly 20 % 1.0 1992/1993^ , (ca.nu'fi'c) N % 1.082 Nhfin vifin (ting /Sp glOa) 51,6 Ti^u thu cfing nghifip Lao dfing gian ddn T6ngs6 996 N %" N 0,9 i 546 0,8 0,3 ••.",•163 0,2 25 2,7 1.265 1,8 227 2.830 4,0 3.653 -•rlfj: 29,3^ 252 533 5,7 >SfgiOs) Bufin bdn-dich vy 2012 '.• 2012 •^a (8 Onh NB) ; (ca nufic) ' %, 81 28 Chuyen mfin cao Nfing ddn N 93 , 0,8 Doanh nhdn Thg cfing nhdn 2002 :;,< 2002 (8 tinh NB) :': (ca nufic) 11 %p.N 0,4 % • 105 0,6 0,8 130 0,6: 7,4 1.067 5,1 237 7.8 1.074 •6,1 5,9 375 4,0 1.518 2,2 414 13,6 1.242 386 4,1 1.992 2,8 581 19,1 2.807 13,4 1236 13,2 6.548" 9,3 448 14,7 2.803 972 31,6 14.706 70 323 WR ^ 1.882 37,6 40.883 781 75 47,5 ,8.737 70,0- 3.534 2.098 100 12.483 f 15,2% - , 7,5% (Kosaka, 1994 lu^J^!!^t'^ ' * ' ^"^ " ' " = '"3 "*"8 ''= 9*'^ '' ô"''ãã H* Nfii, VTnh PhUc, Bac Ninh, Quang Nmh, Hai Duong, Ha, Phfing, Hung Yfin, Thai Binh, Hd Nam, Nam Bjnh, Ninh sinh dfi?o^n m T i f " ô * ' "tJ^'T '*ã " * ' ' ""*" "S*''*" """ * ^ ° '"*" "« =Sc tifiu chl ddnh gid mUr dugc nhiiu nghifin cuu de cdp din Xin nfiu mfit so vl du tiSu biiu: 'd^au°,^^,ln"k,T.r' " * / " "''" '.'"= ^ ' * Sidi, chia thdi k> Cfing nghifip hfia lam 3gi c Z nah fi?hL v f m« ; r : , ' ? 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"^*' " * " '=''' -""^ '^''4' la COI thdi dfim bdt ddu tiin trinh cO.« nghifip hfia 0- mfit nen kmh te ly trpng lao dfing nfing nghifip chiim 50% ting lao dfing xd hfiiH TAP CHi KHOA HQC XA HQl s6 (200) 2015 ket thCic ly trpng lao dgng nong nghidp chi 20% tong lao ddng xa hOi [- ] Co the co nhCrng tranh lu§n vh diem khai Shu va di^m k4t thOc cua qua trinh cong nghidp h6a theo quan di^m nay, nhung each ti^p can 6/ day la xuat phat tir chi tieu chuyen dich co cau lao dOng m6i tu-ang quan giu-a ty trpng iao dpng n6ng nghi$p v^ phi n6ng nghiep de danh gi^ tien trinh cong nghidp h6a, va coi d6 la chl tieu cSn thiet nhat Tom l^i, chuyen dich co- c^u kinh te n6ng nghipp, nong thon du'p'c coi \A mpt nhu-ng tl6u chi chu yeu dcinh gia mi>c dp hoan cua ti^n trinh cong nghiep hoa, hi^n dgi hoa dat nyoc." (Bui TmTh^ng, 2011:24-27) ''' Theo quyet djnh lu§n kinh te, co c^u kinh t^ nhu- the n^o thi se quyet djnh co c^u lao dpng, viec l^m nhu th^ ay Co cau lao dpng, vipc Iam se tgo co cau ngh^ nghipp tu-ong u'ng, va tgo nen h# th6ng cac tang ldp x3 hpi Sy quy dinh lln du'p'c the hien khai quat nhu- sau: Co'cau kinh ti -» Ca ciu nghi nghi$p -^ tao nen H$ thing ciic ting lap xa h0i Khi phan tach phan iao dpng nong nghipp v^ phi nong nghiep cac tang l^p xa hpi la nong dan (thanh tang Id'p) v^ khdng phai ndng dan (thanh t^ng id'p), ta co du'p'c mo hinh ph§n t§ng xa hOi ca nud'c c6 dgng hinh "Kim ty thdp" vdi da s6 nong dan o dud'i dSy nhu- bang s6 li$u va thj minh hpa (BSng vSHinhl.a, b, c) TAI Lieu TRICH DAN Bui T^t Th§ng 2011 Vin di chuyin djch ca ciu kinh ti xSy di/ng nong thon moi Tap chi Xa iipi hgc, so Caroline Hodges Persell 1987 Chapters 9: Social Stratification; Chapter 10: Social Class and Poverty Trong sach: Understanding society An Introduction to sociology Mapper and Row Publisher, New York Tham khao ban dich tilng Vi|t: Caroline Hodges Persell 1992 Chuong 9, 10: Phin ting xa h0l, glal dp xa hoi va sir ngheo kho (tai lieu thu vipn Vipn Xa hpi hoc) David, B Grusky (ed.) 2001 Social Stratification: Class, Race, and Gender in Sociological Perspective - 2nd edition Westview Press The United States of America and the United Kingdom David, B Grusky 2000 Social Stratification Trong sach: Encyclopedia of Sociology- 2nd Edition Volume 4, Edgar F Borgatta and Rhonda J.V Montgomery (eds.), Macmillan Reference, USA, 2807-2821 D Thi§n Kfnh 2011 Ciu true xi hpi ca nw6rc, ndng thdn - thj va chan dung ting lop nong din Vl$t Nam Tgp chi Xa hpi hpc, so D ThiSn Kinh 2012 H$ thong phan ting xi hdi a Vi^t Nam hien (Qua nhOng cuoc Biiu tra Miec sing H^ gia dinh Vi$t Nam 2002-2004-2006-2008) H^ Ngi: Nxb Khoa hoc Xa hSi D Thien Kinh 2013 Khii nl$m phan tang xa hoi va each tiip c$n vi$c lu^g cac ting I6p xi h0i Tgp chi X§ hpi hpc, s6 Db Thien Kinh 2014 Can trdf ddi v&i ting ldp nong din he thing phan tang xa hpi a Vi^t Nam hi$n Tgp chl Xa hpi hpc, s6 Endmweit, G & G Trommsdorff 2002 Tu" diin Xa hpi hpc (ban djch tilng Vi$t tu nguyen UA» »:A«ri ni'po 1QnQ^ Ma Mni- MVK THI nifvi n f l THIEN KiNH - XU HUi^yNG B1£N B O I C A U TROC 10 Giddens, Anthony and Mitchell Duneier 2000 Introduction to Sociology - ird edition W W Norton & Company New York, London II.Giddens, Anthony 2001 Soc/otogy-4th edition Polity Press UK 12 Harold, R Kertx) 2000 Social Stratification and Inequality: Class Conflict in Historical, Comparative, and Global Perspective - 4th edition The McGraw-Hill New York 13 htlp://vi.wikipedia.ora/viikiA/%C3%B9ng_kinh_l%E1 %BA%BF_tr%E1 %BB%8Dng_%C4%9 1i%E1%BB%83m_ph%C3%ADa_Nam>, truy cap ngdy 1/2/2015 14 Kosaka, Kenji (ed.) 1994 Social Stratification in Contemporary Japan Kegan Paul international London and New York 15 Robert, A Rothman 2005 Inequality and Stratification: Race, Class and Gender - sth edition Pearson Prentice Hall Uniled Stales of America 16 Tony, Billon, Kenvin Bonnelt, Philip Jones, Michelle Slanworth, Ken Sheard vd Andrew Webster 1993 Nhip mdn xa hdl hpc (ban djch tifing Vifit tu nguyen bdn tieng Anh, 1987) H^ Nfii: Nxb Khoa hoc Xd hfii 17 Tfing cue Thfing kfi 2014a Kit qui Khao sat Muv sing din cw Vigt Nam 2012 Ha Npi: Nxb ThOng ke 18 Tfing cue Thong kfi 2014b Nidn giim thing ki - 2013 Hd NOi: Nxb ThOng ke 19 Vidn NgOn ngO' hpc 2003 TO dien tiing Viet Chu bidn: Hodng Phe (in ldn thir chin, cb sira chOa) Hd Ngi - Oa N§ng: Nxb Bd Nang vd Trung ldm Tir (Jiin hgc  ... td hinh kim t y thdp nam 1955 (Hinh l.g) sang hinh qua tram ndm 1965 (Hinh Lh)''*'' D i i vdi viing kinh t i trpng dilm phia Nam, xuit phdt diim vdo nam 1992/1993 thi tinh Nam Bp eo ti le nong... 2012 Trong dd, hai nam 1992 1993, 1997/1998 dype chia tdch nhom ting ldp, edn nhdng ndm 2002 - 2012 Bang Ti lg ddn sfi cac ting/nhom xa hgi d Vigt Nam va viing kinh t i trgng dilm tinh Nam BO... viing kinh t l trpng dilm phia Nam Td day, da dya nhdng nhdn xdt khdi qudt ridng chp tliu viing kinh tl-xa hoi phia Nam trpng sy so sdnh vdi bye tranh t i n g t h i ca nyde ndi ehung: - Trong