TAC DONG CUA PHAN HOA GIAU NGHEO DEN NIEM TIN XA HOI VUNG TRUNG BO *** Doan Tri^u Long Tdm tdt Ngi dung chinh ciia bdi viet tap trung ludn gidi su tdc dgng ciia phdn hoa gidu ngheo den niem tin xd hgi & vung Trung Bg Bdng phuang phdp nghien cicu khdo sdt thuc ti, phdn tich, tong hgp, ddnh gid cdc nguon tdi lieu, bdi viet trinh bdy moi quan he giiia phdn hoa gidu ngheo v&i niim tin xd hgi; sif tdc dgng tich cue vd tiiu cue ciia phdn hoa gidu ngheo den niem tin xa hgi & vung Trung Bg Tie do, bdi viet de xudt mgt so gidi phdp mang tinh dmh hu&ng nhdm hgn che sir phdn hoa gidu ngheo de tdng cu&ng niim tin xa hgi & vung Trung Bg hien Tir khda: Phdn hoa gidu ngheo; tdc dgng; niem tin xd hgi Dat van de Phan hda giau ngheo la mdt hien tugng kinh te - xa hpi, phan anh qua trinh phan chia xa hgi cac nhdm cd dieu kien kinh te va chat lugng sdng khac nhau, the hien d su chenh lech ve tai san, thu nhap, miic sdng va sy hudng thu, tiep can cac dich vu xa hdi giiia nhung ca nhan hoac giua cac nhdm xa bdi Viet Nam, theo bao cao Chi sd hieu qua quan tri va hanh chinh edng cap tinh (PAPI) dugc Chuang trinh Phat trien Lien Hiep Qudc (UNDP) cdng bd nhiing nam gan day cho thay, ddi ngheo ludn dirng dau danh sach vdi ty le ngudi tra ldi la "van de he trpng d miic cao nhat" (Lan Anh, 2019) Sy phan hda giau ngheo trudc het dugc bieu hien tren ITnh vyc kinh te, ddng thdi se tac dgng den cac ITnh vuc khac ciia ddi sdng xa hdi ndi chung, dd cd niem tin xa hdi Phan hda giau ngheo anh hudng den sy phan hda niem tin theo ' 'Bai viet la ket qua nghien cmi de tai cap quoc gia "'Niem tin xd hoi truac thdch thuc cda phdt tnen vd hoi nhdp a vung Trung Bg" Ma s6 KX.01.42/16-20 Pham VI cac tinh thiinh Trung bo dupe de cap bai viet bao gom cac tinh, pho: Thira Thien Hue, Da Nang, Quang Nam, Quang Ngai, Binh Dinh nhiing mirc dp khac eua ngudi dan ddi vdi the che, co che chinh sach qua trinh hoach dinh dudng ldi phat trien dat nudc Ddi vdi viing Trung Bd qua trinh phat trien, nhat la qua han 30 nam ddi mdi, phat trien kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng xa hdi cbii nghTa da dat duge nhieu tuu quan trpng tren eac ITnh vuc kinh te, chinh tri, van hda - xa hdi, ddng thdi, cung dat nhieu van de can giai quyet, cd su phan hda giau ngheo va tac ddng ciia nd den niem tin xa hdi theo nhirng chieu hudng khac Thuc te can dupe nhan dien va cd giai phap de gdp phan phat trien kinh te - xa hdi viing Trung Bp theo hudng cang ben viing thdi gian tdi Doi tuvng va phucmg phap ngliien cmi Ddi tugng nghien ciiu cita bai viet la nhiing tac ddng cua su phan hda giau ngheo den niem tin xa hdi d khu vuc Trung Bd Do chi dimg lai d khudn khd cua mdt bai tap chi nen chung tdi se gidi han pham vi nghien ciiu d mdt sd tinh nhu: Thira Thien Hue, Da Nang, Quang Nam, Quang Ngai, Binh Dinh P H A T T R I E N B E N V O N G VCJNG Q U Y E N 9, SO (6/2019) 49 NGHIEN CU'U THU'C NGHIEM - KINH NGHIEM De cd dugc nhung ket qua khach quan, khoa hgc cho viec dua nhiing nhan dinh, danh gia, ciing nhu de xuat cac giai phap, bai viet se ket hpp nhieu phuang phap nghien ciiu khac nhu: thu thap thdng tin, phan tich va xir li dii lieu, dien da, thyc te, phuang phap dy bao Trong dd, chit dao vin la phuang phap ke thira cac sd lieu dieu tra dugc nit tir ket qua ciia qua trinh thuc hien de tai nghien cim khoa hpc cap qudc gia ve "Niem tin xa hoi tru&c thdch thirc cua phdt trien vd hoi nhgp a viing Trung Bo" Va de cd dupe nhung ngudn CO sd dy lieu nay, chiing tdi da tien hanh cac dgt dieu tra, khao sat miic dp tac dgng ciia ca nhan td nhu dieu kien hr nhien, kinh te, van hda, xa hdi, giao due, y te, den niem tin xa hdi d khu vyc Trung Bd Trong hon 2000 miu phieu dieu tra da thu thap dugc, chiing tdi tien hanh phuang phap phan tich va xir li thdng tin, ludng, kiem nghiem de bdc tach nhimg sd lieu lien quan den sy tac ddng ciia phan hda giau ngheo den niem tin xa hdi d khu vyc Ben canh dd, bai viet ciing chii trpng den viec ke thira mdt each cd chpn Ipc eac sd lieu, dieu tra, khao sat; cac thdng tin, dii lieu thii cap tir cac de tai khoa hpc, cac bai bao cao, sach tham khao, chuyen khao da dugc xa hdi hda va ciing vdi dd la nhiing trai nghiem thyc te cita chinh ban than ve ITnh vyc Dua tren co sd cua nhiing ngudn tai lieu da thu thap dugc: Mdt mat, bai vilt tap trung phan tich, danh gia nhimg ket qua dat dupe ttr qua trinh phat trien kinh te - xa hdi hay viec thuc hien cac chinh sach an sinh xa hdi d khu vyc Trung Bp Tir dd, tao dung co sd ly luan va thuc tien cho viec nang cao ddi sdng vat chat va tinh than ciia quan chiing nhan dan, gdp phan cimg cd, xay dung niem tin xa hpi d khu vyc Mat khac, bai vi§t ciing phan tich, danh gia sy phan hda giau ngheo da dan din sy phan tang xa hdi, dac biet la phin ting 50 khdng hpp thiic , da tao he luy sy chenh lech ve dieu kien sdng cua ngudi dan, nhiing ngudi giau cang giau len (bang lam an b3t chinh, tham nhiing - nhung trudng hgp cy th6 cua phan ting xa hgi khdng hgp thiic) nhiing ngudi ngheo cang roi vao hoan canh khd khan Thyc trang da tac dpng va lam suy giam niem tin xa hdi ddi vdi nhiing ngudi ngheo Noi dung nghien cihi 2.1 Moi quan he giira phdn hoa gidu ngheo vd niem tin xd hpi Tren the gidi, niem tin xa hgi (social beliefs) dupe cac nha xa hdi hgc chii tam nghien ciiu tir rat sdm Ngay tir the ky XIX, nha khoa hpc Emile Durkheim (1858 - 1917) da khang dinh: "trong mdt hgp ddng khdng phai mpi cai deu cd tinh hgp ddng, di^u quan trpng la phai cd dugc niem tin ciia cac ben tham gia" (Tran Hiiu Quang va cdng sy, 2013) Ci day niem tin mudn ndi den la sy tin Urdng Cd nghia la niem tin dugc hieu la mdt ngudi tu nguyen tin tudng vao mdt ngudi khac vdi cam giac an toan tuong ddi Khi tin vao ngudi khac, thi phu thudc tat ca vao ngudi dd, chinh ngudi dd quyet dinh mpi yeu td va ciing lam tat ca vi ngudi dd - dieu the hien mdi quan he tac ddng qua lai giua cac vien ttong viec hinh niem tin Day la nihm tin giiia cac ca nhan xa hdi Ben canh niem tin Khai mem phan tang xa hoi "khong hop thiic" dugc cac nha xa hoi hoc Viet Nam dua vao nhirng nam dau ciia the ky XXI ban den hien tuong phan tang xa hgi Theo do, doi lap v6i phan ting xa lioi "hgp thiic" la cau tnic xa hoi tang bac cao thap, phan anh sir khac nhau, khong ngang bang giiia cac vien xa hgi mang tinh khach quan va ty nhien ve nang lite (the chat, tri tue) tren cac phuoTig dien: dia vi bnh te, dia vj chinh tri, dia vi xa hgi Phan tang "khong hop thirc" dugc hinh boi nhung nguai hoac nhom nguai xa hoi lam an phi phap, luon Igt, xu ninh, gian doi, manh khoe, thu doan hoac nhung hanh vi sai trai, lam an bat chinh ma co PHAT T R I E N B E N VO-NG V D N G Q U Y E N 9, SO (6/2019) Tdc apng cua phan h6a glAu ngheo— Boan Trieu Long giiia cac ca nhan xa hdi (hay cdn gpi la niem tin giiia cac cdng dan xa hdi) thi cdn cd niem tin ciia ngudi the che xa hpi (hay la niem tin ciia cdng dan th6 chS xa hdi) - tiic la niem tin ca nhan vdi cac van de xa hpi Niem tin xa hdi dugc hieu "la su tin tudng ve nhiing gia tri xa bdi cao quy dua tren nhirng cam ket xa hdi chan chinh, dimg dan ciia the che chinh tri va cpng ddng xa hdi, ludn cd sy thdng nhat giiia ldi ndi va viec lam, giiia hinh thirc dien ngdn xa hdi vdi sy that tuong ling dugc thuc hien" (Nguyen Toan Thang, 2018) Dieu bieu hien cupc sdng hang cua ngudi d cac phuong dien ve su hanh phiic, ve sy hai Idng ddi vdi cac the che chinh tri tren cac mat cua ddi sdng xa hdi: kinh te, chinh tn, van hda - xa hdi la mdt td cdt ldi cita vdn xa hdi Nd la mot trang thai tinh than cita mdi ngudi, thudng gan lien nhiing xiic cam, khat vpng, udc mo, ve nhiing gia tri tdt dep cupc sdng hien tai va tuong lai Khi mdt ngudi viing tin vao xa hpi, vao nhiing ngudi xung quanh thi hp se tu y thiic cao ve trach nhiem cita minh vdi xa hdi va mpi ngudi O miic dp cao ban, niem tin xa hdi dugc hieu la sy thiia nhan mdt chan ly thudc ve xa hdi, nd dugc hinh va phat trien dap iing dugc cac nhu cau va lgi ich thiet thyc ciia ngudi va xa hdi Khi niem tin xa hoi cao, dap iing tdt cac nhu cau, lgi ich cua ngudi thi kha nang doan ket se cao va tao nen yeu td quan trpng de dam bao sy dn dinb va phat trien ciia xa hdi va ca nhan Phan hda giau ngheo la mdt hien tugng kinh tS - xa hdi, phan anh qua trinh phan chia xa hdi cac nhdm cd dieu kien kinh te va chat lupng sdng khac nhau, the hien d su chenh lech vk tai san, thu nhap, miic sdng va sy hudng thy, ti6p can cac dich vu xa hdi giiia nhiing ca nhan hoac giiia cac nhdm xa hdi Phan hda giau ngheo tac ddng sau sac den cupc sdng ngudi, den niem tin xa hdi ciia ngudi Mdt mat, phan hda giau ngheo la ch4t xiic tac cho qua trinh phat trien cua xa hdi, lam cho ban than mdi ngudi phai nd luc phan dau vuan len Sy phan hda giau ngheo d mat tich cyc ctia nd, se la dau hieu phat trien ve chieu sau cua xa bdi tren tat ca mpi ITnh vuc ciia ddi sdng xa hdi Khi ddi sdng mgi mat cita ngudi dupe nang cao, giau cd thi ngudi se tin tudng vao xa hdi, vao cac cac chu truong, ehinh sach cua che dp xa hdi do, tir dd gdp phan cGng cd, xay dyng niem tin xa hpi Mat khac, neu su phan hoa giau ngheo khdng cd sy ki^m soat va dieu chinh thi bet siic lo ngai Bdi vi, mat trai ciia nen kinh te thi trudng dieu kien hgi nhap se day nhanh qua trinh phan hoa giau ngheo, phan tang xa hdi (phan thng khdng hpp thirc), tao "hd sau ngan each", bat binh dang ve thu nhap va hudng thy cac gia tri phuc lgi, dan den xung dot lgi ich, gay bat dn xa hpi Khi dieu xay thi chac chan tac ddng tieu cyc den niem tin xa hpi cita ngudi 2.2 Tdc dpng cua phdn hda gidu ngheo den niem tin xd hpi ff vdng Trung Bp (i viing Trung Bg trudc ddi mdi vdi viec quan ly kinh te - xa hdi theo co che tap trung, quan lieu bao cap, thi phan hda giau ngheo chua bieu hien rd Thdi ky sy phan hda giau ngheo bi che khuat bdi cbii nghTa binh quan va che dp cdng hihi vdi co cau giai cap "hai giai mdt tang" (giai cap cdng nhan, giai ckp ndng dan va tang ldp tri thiic) Sau dat nudc budc vao cdng cudc ddi mdi toan dien (1986), xda bd co che quan ly cii, thyc hien phat trien kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng xa hdi chit nghia, thi sy phan hda giau ngheo d vitng Trung Bd mdi bieu hien cang rd net Vk ca cau xa hdi, ben canh giai cap cdng nhan, giai cap ndng dan va tang ldp tri thiic, thi cdn cd dpi ngii doanh nhan Trong co che quan ly mdi da giai phdng dugc mpi tiem nang phat trien ciia ngudi dan, tao mdi trudng va dieu P H A T T R I E N BEN VCfNG VUNG QUYEN 9, SO (6/2019) 51 NGHIEN Cl>U THU'C NGHI$M - KINH NGHIEM kien de nhan dan tu chit qua trinh phat trien kinh te - xa hgi Do nhan thiic diing dan chu truong, chinh sach ciia Dang va Nha nudc ve dudng ddi mdi va phat trien dat nudc, nen ngudi dan d vung Trung bd cd sy ddng thuan cao ddi vdi cac chuong trinh, ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hpi Tir mpt nhiing viing ngheo cita ca nudc den ve co ban ngudi dan da thoat ngheo (chi cdn 5,9%) Mdt sd dia phuong dat ket qua xda ngheo cao nhu phd Da Nang (chi cdn 0,5%), tinh Thira Thien Hue (3,7%) Thu nhap ciia ngudi dan cang dugc nang cao, dd cd mdt bd phan dan cu giau len nhanh chdng Sd lieu thdng ke ciia tinh, viing Trung Bp cho thay, neu nam 2002 thu nhap binh quan dau ngudi mdt thang theo gia thuc te ciia ngudi dan la 305,8 nghin ddng, thi den nam 2010 dat 1.189,9 nghin ddng, den 2016 dat 2.798,0 nghin ddng; dd, nhdm thu nhap cao dat 5.356,5 nghin ddng mpt ngudi/thang (Tong cue Thdng ke, 2017) Thdi ky ddi mdi tdn tai nhieu phan kinh te, nhieu quan he san xuat, tao dieu kien, ca may xa hdi ddi vdi mdi ngudi, mdi gia dinh Dieu da kich thich y chi, Idng tu trpng, tinh sang tao, tinh ty ehii va ty chiu trach nhiem cua ngudi dan, thuc day ngudi nang ddng hem, nhay ben ban Da cd nhieu md hinh lam an mdi dugc cu dan viing Trung Bd tiep can va mang lai hieu qua cao phat trien kinh te - xa hdi Day la dpng lyc quan trpng cimg cd niem tin cita ngudi dan vao tinh diing dan eiia dudng ldi ddi mdi Nbimg nhdm xa hpi giau len lam an chan chinh trd tam guong de nhiing nhdm khac ciing phan dau nd lyc vuan len Nhihig nhdm xa hdi giau len mdt each hgp phap cung hd trg nhiing nhdm xa hdi khac ve kinh nghiem lam giau va dieu kien de thoat ngheo Su giau cd hgp phap gdp phan lam cho nen kinh te phat triSn vdi nang suat lao ddng cao, tang phiic lgi xa hpi 52 cho ngudi dan, tao hieu iing tdt ddi vdi xa hpi Chang han, Thaco Chu Lai (Quang Nam) la mdt sd doanh nghiep cd vai trd va tam anh hudng ldn ddi vdi xa hdi Mpt bai hpc kinh nghiem cua Chu Lai de thyc hien dugc vai trd xa hdi cua doanh nghiep la cdng thirc ben ciing thang: Giira Dang bd, chinh quyen cdng ddng doanh nghiep nhan dan dia phuang Tir md hinh cua Thaco Chu Lai, ndi ve niem tin xa hgi ddi vdi doanh nghiep Thii tudng Chinh phit Nguyen Xuan Phiic cho rang: "Phai ciing xay dyng niem tin, nuoi dudng khat vgng sau sac bon nua timg doanh nghiep" (VG Van Anh, 2019) Chinh sy phat trien ciia cdng ddng cac doanh nghiep da lam thay ddi each thiic san xuat ciia ngudi dan dia phuang vimg Tmng Bd, gdp phan chuyen dich co cau kinh te theo hudng hien dai, cdng nghiep - dich vu ehiem ty trpng cang ldn co cau kinh te ciia viing Cimg vdi nhung tyu dat dupe ITnh vyc kinh te, thdi gian qua cac tinh, d Trung Bd da cd nhieu chinh sach phiic lgi va an sinh xa hdituang ddi hieu qua, lihat la doi vdi nhdm xa hdi yeu the, vimg ndng thon, viing ddng bao cac dan tdc thieu sd Ty le ngudi dan dugc hudng cac chuong trinh, chinh sach phiic lgi cang cao Kit qua thdng ke d tinh, d Trung Bd cho thiy, ty le hp gia dinh dugc hudng lgi tir cac du an, chinh sach phiic loi xa hdi tinh d6n nam 2016 dat 30,7% Trong dd cd cac hinh thiic hd trp chu yeu nhu: Mua the bao hi8m y tl (21,6%); miln giam chi phi kham chiia benh cho ngudi ngheo (4,0%); mien giam hpc phi cho ngudi ngheo (4,2%); hoc bdng chinh sach (0,5%); giiip nha d, dat d cho ngudi ngheo (0,2%); hd trg lam sach, cai thien ngudn nudc sinh hoat cho ngudi ngheo (0,2%); khuyen ndng, khuyen lam, khuyen ngu (1,0%); trg c4p luong thyc (9,6%); trg cap cho hd ngheo (3,6%); tin dung P H A T T R I E N BEN V Q N G V U N G Q U Y E N 9, s o (6/2019) Po^n Tri8u Long Tac dgng cua phan h6a giau ngheo cho ngudi ngheo (1,3%); hd trg may mdc vat tu cho san xuat (4,2%) (Tdng cue Thdng ke, 2017) ngheo dat dupe ket qua tich cyc Qua dd gdp phan ciing cd niem tin, nang cao nhan thiic ciia ngudi dan vimg Trung Bd ve tinh diing dan cita cae chu truong, chinh sach cua Dang va Nha nudc qua trinh quan Iy phat trien xa hdi Thdng qua cac chuong trinh, chinh sach phiic lgi xa hgi, ddi sdng cua ngudi dan cang duge nang cao, cdng tac xda ddi giam Bang 1: TY LE H Q NGHEO CAc TINH, THANH VUNG TRUNG B Q (2006-2016) Tieu chi 2006 2012 2010 2008 2014 2016 Ca nuoc 15,5 13,4 14,2 11,1 8,4 5,8 Thua Thien - Hue Da Nang Quang Nam Quang Ngai Binh Dinh 16,4 4,0 22,8 22,5 16,0 13,7 3,5 19,6 19,5 14,2 12,8 8,9 2,5 18,2 17,6 13,6 6,0 3,7 0,5 8,4 9,2 5,1 24,0 22,8 16,0 1,2 13,0 12,9 10,7 7,5 Nguon: Tong cue Thong ke (2017) Kit qudkhdo sdt mice song dan cu Viet Nam ndm 2016 Ben canh nhiing tac dpng tich cyc, thi su phan hda giau ngheo ciing cd nhiing tac dpng tieu cyc den niem tin xa hdi d cac tinb, viing Trung Bg Dii cdng tac xda ddi giam ngheo d Trung Bd budc dau da dat ket qua quan trpng, nhung thyc te vin chua dat dugc muc tieu de ra, thieu tinh ben vihig Ty le tai ngheo theo tieu chi mdi cdn cao so vdi mat bang chung ciia ca nudc; dac biet, ty le hp ngheo cac dan tdc thieu sd cdn cao chiem 55% Mac dii ty le hd ngheo cita cac tinh, vung Trung Bd giai doan 2006-2016 da giam 2,79 lan, nhung van cdn cao hon so vdi mat bang chung ciia ca nudc Giiia cac dia phuang Viing cd trinh phat trien kinh te - xa hdi khac nhau, do miic dp phan hda giau ngheo ciing cd su khac rat rd Ciing nhu cac dia phuang khac ca nudc, d cac tinh, vung Trung Bd hien su phan boa giau ngheo dang d miic bat hgp ly Theo sd lieu thdng ke, khoang each giau ngheo giiia cac nhdm thu nhap dang cang rdng Bang 2: THU NHAP BINH QUAN NHAN K H A U I THANG CUA TINH, THANH VUNG TRUNG BO CHIA THEO NHOM THU NHAP (2008-2016) Tieu chi Chung Nhom Nhom Nhom Nhom Nhom Chenh lech giira nhom v6i nhom 2008 728,2 237,0 403,3 554,8 801,8 1.647,0 7,0 2010 1.018,0 317,0 553,3 789,3 1.148,6 2.282,9 7,2 2012 1.505,2 443,5 805,1 1.194,1 1.729,3 3.355,4 7,6 2014 1.982,3 560,9 1.077,1 1.593,1 2.283,1 4.400,1 7,8 2016 2.357,6 674,3 1.238,1 1.847,6 2.675,6 5.356,5 7,9 Nguon: Tong cue Thong ke (2018) PHAT TRIfN BEN VCfNG VUNG QUY^N 9, S6 (6/2019) 53 NGHIEN CO'U THU'C NGHIgM - KINH NGHIgM Cd thi thdy riing, thu nhap giiia cac nhdm dan cu d vung Trung Bp cd khoang each rat ldn va cang rdng Nhiing ngudi giau, cd dieu kien thuan lgi lai cang giau len nhanh chdng, cupc sdng sung tuc Ngugc lai, nhiing ngudi ngheo rat khd cd co hdi de vuan len trudc su canh tranh khdc liet cua kinh te thi trudng, thieu dieu kien va cac yeu td de phat triln kmh tl, nang cao ddi sdng vat chat va tinh than Van de dat d day la, ben canh su phan t4ng hgp thuc, nhiing ngudi giau len bang tai nang, cdng sire thyc su, thi cd su phan tang bat hpp thiic, nhung ngudi giau len bang dudng phi phap Dii chua cd sd lieu thdng ke cy the, nhien qua thuc te chiing toi cd ca sd de khang dinh dieu Cd the neu len mdt sd trudng hgp dien hinh nhu vu viec lien quan den Phan Van Anh Vii va mdt sd can bd, dang vien he thdng chinh quyen phd Da Nang da va dang bi dieu tra, xem xet de dua xir ly theo quy dinh ciia phap luat Hay nhu trudng hgp gia dinh dng Tran Bac Ha lien quan den cac dy an dau tu tai tinh Binh Dinh cung da va dang dugc cac co quan chiic nang dieu tra de xir ly,v.v Trong sd nhirng ngudi thudc vao nhdm giau, cd ddi sdng trung luu hien d vitng Trung Bp thi khdng phai tat ca deu giau len bang tai nang bay may man lam an, ma cd mdt sd "trpc phii" hay "dai gia" bang nhung dudng phi phap, budn gian ban lan, lgi dung ke hd ciia phap luat de de khai thac tai nguyen, bdc lot lao ddng, vo vet tai san xa hdi Dieu dang quan tam la sd nhiing ngudi giau bat hgp phap cd ca nhung can bd, quan chiic Ipi dung quyen lyc de tham nhung hoac mdc ngoac vdi cac ddi tugng khac niip bdng doanh nghiep, tao san sau de thau tdm tai san ciia nha nudc, lam lgi bat chinh cho ca nhan lam anh hudng nghiem trpng den niem tin ciia nhan dan Nhu Tong Bi thu, Chii tich 54 nudc Nguyin Phu Trgng da tdng ket noi vl sai pham cua mgt sd can bd lanh dao, quan ly d Da Ning: "Lam hgp Idng dan thi dan tin \k cbl ta cdn Dang ta cdn Neu lam cai gi frai Idng dan, de mat niem tin la mat tat ca" (Nam Son, 2019) Chinh su phan tang bat hgp thirc da lam gia tang khoang each chenh lech giiia nhdm giau va nhdm ngheo d vimg Trung Bd Vi tai san co dugc phi Iao ddng, nen ban than va gia dinh ciia nhdm giau bat hgp phap thudng cd cupc sdng rk xa hoa, lang phi, tham chi la kech cdm, lac dieu so vdi vdi mdi trudng sdng cila xa hpi Dieu dd da va dang anh hudng den niem tin cua nhan dan vao he thdng chinh tri, chinh quyen cac cap, lam cho ngudi dan biic xiic, tao mdt du luan xa hpi xau ve pham chat dao diic cita dpi ngii can bd ndi chung, nhit la can bd lam cdng tac lanh dao, quan ly Nguy hiem ban, vdi su xuyen tac, kich dpng ciia cac the luc thit dich dan den mdt sd ngudi hoang mang, nghi ngd ddi vdi cac chu truong, chinh sach cua Dang va Nha nude, lam gia tang cac vu khieu kien gay mat dn dinh xa hpi - ma nhiing vu viec xay gan day d mien Trung nhu Formosa - Ha TTnh, Binh Thuan la minh chiing rd rang nhat Ngoai ra, mdt bg phan can bd, dang vien tu dien bien theo chieu hudng xau, gay anh hudng nghiem trpng den an ninh chinh tri npi bd Bp may chinh quyen nhieu nai hoat dpng kem hieu lyc, hieu qua, cac chii truong, chinh sach cua Dang va Nha nudc khdng den dugc vdi ngudi dan Dieu tao dieu kien cho cac the luc thii dich tiep tuc thuc hien am muu "dien bien hda binh", lam giam siit Idng tin ciia nhan dan ddi vdi Dang va de dpa su ton vong ciia che dp xa hpi chu nghTa ma chiing ta dang timg budc xay dyng Sy phan hda giau ngheo khdng chi tiem an nhiing mau thuan, xung dot, ma cdn cd nguy co pha hdng muc tieu tang tniang kinh te gan vdi thuc hien tien PHAT TRIEN BEN V Q N G VUNG Q U Y E N 9, s o (6/2019) TAc doDg ciia phan boa giiu ngh^o BoAn Trieu Long bp va cdng bang xa hdi d viing Trung Bd hien Dudi gdc dp xa hpi, phan hda giau ngheo anh hudng tieu cue den an ninh xa hgi, lam gia tang te nan xa hdi, cac loai tdi pham Thyc te d vitng Trung Bd thdi gian qua cho thay, hien khdng it ngudi ngheo liic nao ciing cam thay cudc sdng cua minh bi de dpa, bi bd lai phia sau, thieu niem rin vao tuong lai Nhiing ngudi ngheo khdng cd dieu kien de nang eao frinh dp hpc van, trinh dp chuyen mdn tay nghe dan den nhieu ngudi bi day vao "ngo cut", khdng tim dugc ldi thoat, thieu niem tin vao kha nang thoat ngheo Lgi dyng dieu cac the lyc thu dich da tuyen truyen nhiing tu tudng, quan diem sai trai, lech lac, tham chi mdt sd "ta dao" cd dieu kien len loi vao ddi sdng ciia mdt bd phan ngudi dan nhe da ea tin Ngheo ddi ciing khien nhieu thanh, thieu nien khdng dugc hpc hanh den noi den chdn Nhieu ngudi sd da tim den cac dd thi kiem viec lam vdi mong mudn cd co hdi ddi ddi; nhung thyc te lai khdng nhu hp nghT Nhieu ngudi cang chim sau khiing hoang, ng nan khanh kiet, niem tin tuong lai cang mat di, dan den nhirng loai tgi pham mdi d cac dd thi Chang han, cac vu cudp ngan hang thdi gian gan day d phd Hue, phd Da Nang bay nhu vu an cudp dat tai san xay d phd Tam Ky Dd deu la nhung tdi pham tudi ddi cdn rat tre, khdng cd nghe nghiep dn dinh Nhu vay, qua nghien cim sy tac ddng cua phan hda giau ngheo den niem tin xa bdi d vung Trung Bd, chiing ta thay rd phan hda giau ngheo vira tac dpng tich cyc, vira tac ddng tieu cue den niem tin xa hpi d vitng Trung Bd Mat rich cue gdp phan ciing cd, xay dung niem tin xa hdi, nhung dang lo ngai la mat tieu cue tao nen su suy giam ve niem tin xa hpi cita ngudi noi day Dieu can phai dugc nhan dien va quan tam diing miic de cd giai phap han che va khac phuc gdp phan ciing cd niem tin cita xa hdi vao muc tieu phat trien dat nudc 2.3 Mpt sd gidi phdp nhdm hgn che suphdn hda gidu ngheo de tdng cir&ng niem tin xd hpi & khu vwc Trung Bp Nhlim phat huy nhirng tac ddng tich cyc va han cbl nhiing tac ddng tieu cyc ciia su phan hda giau ngheo den niem tin xa hgi d vimg Trung Bd, cin chii trgng thuc hien cac bien phap sau day: Thu nhat, day manh cdng tac tuyen truyen, nang cao nhan thiic cho ngudi dan ve tinh diing dan ciia cdng cugc ddi mdi Qua hon 30 nam ddi mdi dat nudc, cac tinh, vung Trung Bp da dat dugc nhieu tyu quan trpng Dieu cho thay ddi mdi la ddng lyc, dieu kien quan trpng cho qua trinh phat trien kinb te - xa hdi, ddi sdng vat chit va tinh than ciia nhan dan cang dugc nang cao, nhieu ca nhan, tap the doanh nghiep lam an chan chinh da cd su phat trien manh me Ben canh dd, cd mdt bd phan nhan dan van cdn lam an theo kieu tu bao cap, thieu tinh nhay ben, sang tao, dan den ngheo ddi, mat niem tin vao tinh diing dan cita dudng ddi mdi dat nude, coi nhu la nguyen nhan cita ngheo ddi Vi vay, ben canh khac phuc mat trai ciia kinh te thi trudng, thi can tuyen truyin nang cao nhan thiic cho ngudi dan ve chit truong va muc tieu cua cdng cudc ddi mdi dat nudc, de ngudi dan thay ddi each nghT, each lam, phin dau vuon len qua trinh phat triln kinh tl - xa hdi d cac dja phuong vitng Trung Bd hien Trong thyc hien chit truong, chinh sach khdng phai luc nao ciing dien thuan lgi, sudn se va dat ket qua cao tdt, ma ciing cd nbirng luc chua tdt, tham chi la that bai, bdi nhieu nguyen nhan khac ma khdng the ludng trudc dugc Do vay, ciing can nang cao nhan thuc cho ngudi dan ve dieu P H A T T R I E N B E N V O - N G V O N G Q U Y E N 9, SO (6/2019) 55 NGHIEN CCfU THU'C NGHIEM - KINH NGHIgM hieu dung, day du ve dieu se tranh dugc tinh trang bat man, giam sut y chi, giam siit ddng luc, giam siit niem tin Thic hai, thiic day tang trudng kinh te gan vdi thyc hien tien bd va cdng bang xa hdi Day can dugc xem la mdt nhiem vu ca ban de phat huy tac ddng tich cyc va han che tac ddng tieu cue cua phan hda giau ngheo den niem tin xa hdi d viing Trung Bd hien Bdi vi, phan hda giau ngheo la hien tugng kinh te, cdn niem tin xa hpi thudc ve y thiic xa hpi, suy den ciing yeu td kinh te quyet dinb Vi vay, thyc hien tdt chinh sach phat trien kinh te - xa hdi, nhat la viing ndng thdn, vimg ddng bao cac dan tdc thieu sd, gan vdi thyc hien tdt tien bd, cdng bang va an sinh xa hdi se gdp phan han che dugc phan hda giau ngheo d viing Trung Bp, qua dd gdp phan tao sy ddng thuan, doan ket nhan dan, cung cd niem tin ciia nhan dan vao tinh diing dan dudng phat trien dat nudc TViif ba, tiep tuc ddi mdi he thdng chinh tri, chdng tham d, tham nhiing, lam lanh manh hda cac quan he xa hdi Dieu het sire quan trpng, bdi vi niem tin cua nhan dan ddi vdi Dang va che dp ddng vai trd quyet dinh cdng ciia dudng xay dung va phat tnen dat nudc theo dinh hudng xa hdi chu nghia Mdt nhiing nguyen nhan lam cho phan hda giau ngheo cang rdng d viing Trung Bp bien lien quan den tinh trang quan lieu tham nhiing ciia mpt sd can bp, quan chiic cac cap, anh hudng nghiem trpng den niem tin ciia nhan dan Do dd, can phai tiep bic ddi mdi he thdng chinh tri de phat huy quyen lam chii ciia nhan dan, de nhan dan giam sat cac co quan cdng quyen, lanh manh hda cac quan he xa hdi, gdp phan quan trpng tao ddng lyc phat trien kinh tl - xa hdi, timg budc khac phuc khoang each phan hda giau ngheo xa hdi 56 Thtr tu, phat huy vai trd chu the cua cac ting Idp nhan dan phat trien kinh te - xa hdi Phat huy vai trd ciia cac giai tang dan cu vao qua trinh xay dyng, phat trien dat nudc la nhiem vu cd tinh chien luge va cip bach Tuy nhien, thyc te d viing Trung Bp thdi gian qua khdng phai d dau va liic nao Cling thyc hien tdt nhiem vu quan trpng Cd nhiing tang ldp dan cu, nhat la nhom yeu the, viing ndng thdn, viing ddng bao cac dan tpc thieu sd, lgi the so sanh ve xuit phat diem han che so vdi cac nhdm xa hpi khac, nen trinh dp phat trien cdn nhieu han che Vi vay, phai biet khai day ddng luc phat trien cho mpi tang ldp dan cu, de hp thyc sy la chii the cho qua trinh phat trien va thu budng nhirng qua ciia cdng cudc doi mdi, xay dung dat nudc Thic ndm, ddng thdi vdi nhijng cdng tac tren, can phai chii trpng tang cudng su lanh dao cua cac cap iiy dang, phat huy vai trd quan ly ciia chinh quyen cac cap va cac to chirc chinh tri - xa hdi vao phat huy tac ddng tich cyc, ban che tac ddng tieu cyc cua phan hoa giau ngheo den niem tin xa hdi d vimg Trung Bd Day la nhiem vu ddng vai trd quyet dinh den cdng ciia cdng cudc ddi mdi ndi chung Cling cd niem tin cua nhan dan vao Dang va Nha nudc qua trinh phat trien dat nudc hien Ket luan Giiia phan hda giau ngheo va niem tin xa hdi cd mdi quan he vdi nhau, dac biet phan hda giau ngheo tac ddng ldn den niem tin xa hdi theo hai xu hudng rich cyc varieucue Qua su phan tich thyc te d viing Trung Bd cho thay, mdt mat vdi cac chu truong, chinh sach phat trien kinh te - xa hpi dimg dan, hgp ly lam cho ddi sdng cua ngudi dan dugc nang len, tu gdp phan ciing cd, xay dyng niim tin xa hpi; nhung mat khac, sy phan hda giau ngheo, phan tang xa hdi da lam cho sy chenh lech ve PHAT T R I E N BEN VLfNG VUNG Q U Y E N 9, SO (6/2019) Boan Trigu Long ddi sdng cua ngudi dan, ngudi giau thi cang giau len (giau bit hgp ly), ngudi ngheo thi cang khd khan hon, da tac ddng tieu cyc lam suy giam niem tin xa hdi cua ngudi dan Day la dieu dang quan ngai ddi vdi vitng Tacflongcua phan hoa giiiu ngh^o Trung Bd hien nay, ddi hdi phai nghien ciiu, tim hiiu ky d l cd nhiing ldi giai diing din lam han chi sy phan hda giau ngheo, gdp phan tang cudng niim tin xa hpi d khu vuc mdt each ben vung Tai lifu tham khao Lan Anh (2019) PAPI (2018): Doi ngheo vdn Id vdn di hi nhdt v&i da so nguai ddn Nguon: https ;//vietnamnet.vn/vn/tuanvietnam/papi-2018-doi-ngheo-van-la-van-de-he-trong-nhat-voi-da-songuoi-dan-5I7773.html, ngdy ddng 02/04/2019 Nam Son (2019) Bdi hgc ve sice mgnh mem tin cua nhdn ddn https://nhandan.com.vn/thoinayxuan2019/item/39081102-bai-hoc-ve-suc-manh-niem-tin-cua-nhandan.htmi, dang 01/02/2019 Nguyen Toan Thang (2018) Moi quan he giiia vdn hoa, dgo dice vd niim tinxd hgi a nu&c ta hien nay, sach Vdn hoa, dgo dice vd niem lin xd hgi truac yeu cdu phdt triin cua ddt nu&c hien Nxb Ly luan chinh tri, tr 29 Tong cue Thong k6 (2017) Ket qud khdo sdt mice song ddn cu VietNam ndm 2016 Nxb Thong ke Ha Npi Tong cue Thong ke (2018) Nien gidm thong ke 2017 Nxb Thong ke Ha Noi 2018 Tran Hiiu Quang vacpng su (2013) Long tin vd von xa hgi Nxb Tri thirc Ha Npi 2013 VQ Van Anh (2019) Thii tu&ng chi bdi hge thdnh eong ciia Chu Lai Nguon: http://baophapluat.vn/trong-nuoc/thu-Uiong-nguyen-xuan-phuc-chi-ra-6-bai-hoc-thanh-cong-cua-chulai-444637, dang 24/3/2019 T h o n g t i n tac gia: Doan Trieu Long, PGS TS - Dan vi cong tac: Hpc vien Chinh tri khu vuc III, Da Ning - Dia chi email: trieulongl 503@gmail.com Ngay nhan bai: 3/4/2019 Ngay nhan ban sua: 20/4/2019 ^^^y duyet dang: 11/5/2019 PHAT T R I E N B E N V & N G V U N G Q U Y E N 9, SO (6/2019) 57 ... deu cd tinh hgp ddng, di^u quan trpng la phai cd dugc niem tin ciia cac ben tham gia" (Tran Hiiu Quang va cdng sy, 2013) Ci day niem tin mudn ndi den la sy tin Urdng Cd nghia la niem tin dugc... la niem tin giiia cac cdng dan xa hdi) thi cdn cd niem tin ciia ngudi the che xa hpi (hay la niem tin ciia cdng dan th6 chS xa hdi) - tiic la niem tin ca nhan vdi cac van de xa hpi Niem tin xa... den niem tin xa hpi cita ngudi 2.2 Tdc dpng cua phdn hda gidu ngheo den niem tin xd hpi ff vdng Trung Bp (i viing Trung Bg trudc ddi mdi vdi viec quan ly kinh te - xa hdi theo co che tap trung,