IM Lao dong phi chinh thu'c 6* Viet Nam hien Nguyen Hihi Tai' ' Khoa Chu nghia xa hoi khoa hpc, Tnrcmg Dai hgc Chfnh tri Email: tainguyencnxh@gmail.com Nhan thang nam 2019 Chap nhan dang 28 thang nam 2019 Tom t5t: Bai viSt de cap den nhung luan giai van chua thong nhat ve khai niem lao dpng phi chmh thuc, khu vuc chfnh thirc; dong thoi diem lai mgt so net khai quat ve thuc trang cua lao dpng phi chinh thuc d Viet Nam Ihong qua bp so iieu Tong cue Thong ke phoi hpp voi To chuc Lao dpng Quoc te (ILO) tien hanh dieu tra vao nam 2016 Thong qua buc tranh tong th6 v6 lao dpng phi chinh thuc cf nudc ta hien nay, co the nhan thay day la mpt khu vuc kinh te can nhieu hon niia nhung su quan tam cua Dang, Nha nudc ve mat dinh hudng chi'nh sach nham tao sue phat triSn ben vimg cho khu vuc kinh te phi chmh thuc, cung nhu tao he an sinh xa hpi vung chSc cho lire lupng lao dpng phi chmh thiic Tir khoa: Lao dpng phi chi'nh thuc, khu vuc kinh te phi chfnh thuc, Viet Nam Phan Ioai nganh: Xa hpi hoc Abstract: The article touches upon the arguments that are still different from one another regarding the concepts of informal labour and formal sector; and reviews the situation of informal labour in Vietnam through the data collected by the General Statistics Office in coordination with the International Labour Organisation (ILO) in 2016 Through the overall picture of informal labour in the country today, it can be seen that this is an economic domain that needs more attention from the Party and the State in terms of policies and orientations to create sustainable development for the informal economic sector, as well as a solid social security system for the informal workforce Keywords: Informal labour, informal economic sector, Vietnam Subject classification: Sociology Dat vdn Cach chia nen kinh te theo hai khu vuc: "khu vuc chi'nh thiic" va "khu virc phi chinh thiic" da t6n tai nhu mot tat yeu khach quan va 86 mang tinh ph6 Uhn Mac d i chiu sir chi ph6i boi tiinh phat trien cOa raSi qu6c gia tuv nhien xu hirong chung la hai khu v X-'u ^ luon chiu sir tac dong cua ca "i kinh te, cac chinh sach phat triSn k h ' " ' - Nguyen Him Tai hoi cung nhu he thong phap luat Hai khu vuc da trof bo phan cau ciia nen ldnh te cua tat ca cac nuac tren the gioi, dac biet d6j vai cac nuac dang phat trien CJ cac nudc dang phat trien, khu vuc kinh te phi chi'nh thirc co vai tro rat quan trpng xoa doi giam ngheo, tao them nhieu viec lam mdi, tang thu nhap cho nguofi dan ngheo s6ng d nong thon va thi, gop phan on dinh chi'nh tri - xa hgi va ho trg ti'ch cue cho khu vuc kinh te chi'nh thiic Mgt diem chung CO the thay la khong phai tat ca lao dgng deu dugc tham gia vao he thdng bao trg xa hgi va CO dugc nhutig viec Iam dugc bao ve ve mat phap luat tai nai lam viec Dieu khiln cho nang suat lao dgng va thu nhap cua nhung nhom lao dgng thap khong chi dien a khu vuc phi chfnh thdc, ma ca cr khu vuc chinh thuc Bai viet he thong hoa cac quan niem ca ban ve lao dgng phi chi'nh thiic; ph^ tich thuc trang va giai phap cho lao dong phi chinb thiic Viet Nam hi^n Khai niem lao dong phi chinh thuc Khu vuc kinh te phi chinh thiic dugc hieu mpt each chung nhat, la tap hap cac don vi san xuat san phim vat chat va dich vu vdi muc tieu chu yeu nham tao cong an viec lam va thu nhap cho nguai lao dgng Cac don vi thuang boat dgng vdi to chuc quy mo nho, quan he lao dong chd yeu dua tren lao dgng khong thuang xuyen, quan he hg hang hoac quan he ca nhan hem la nhung quan be qua hgp dong vai nhung dim bao chfnh thiic Nhu vay, noi tai khu vuc kinh t^ phi chfnh thiic hk huge di kem vdi la khai niem "lao dgng phi chi'nh thiic" Day la hai khai niem d ca thk gidi va Viet Nam nhin chung d6u chua co nhung su thong nhat cao viec dinh nghTa, xac dinh ngi ham Khai niem khu vuc phi chi'nh thiic ISn dau tien dugc dua bdi Keith Hart (nha nhan hgc xa hgi) nghien ciiu vk ca hgi thu nhap phi chinh thiic va lao dgng th; d Ghana, theo ong cho ring "lao dgng phi chfnh thiic la nhirng nguai mdi gia nhap thi trudng lao dgng tai thi hk huge phai tim kiem nhflng viec lam khu vuc khong dugc to chiic thieu trinh do, ky nang va ca ca hgi" [3, tr.87] Nhu vay, theo Hart, lao ddng phi chinh thiic la nhung nguoi khong co/khong dugc to chiic su thieu cac ky nang lao dgng, trinh chuyen mon ky thuat va ca hgi de tham gia vao khu vuc lao dgng chi'nh thiic Dong quan diem, Harris va Todaro (1970), "gia dinb rang ngudi lao dgng ngheo bi bugc phai lam viec khu vuc phi chfnh thiic khu vuc chinh thiic khong tao du viec lam de dap iing nhu cau cua thi trudng lao dgng" [2, tr.75] Tuang tu, Portes va nhurng ngudi khac (1989) Cling da ly giai cho su ton tai cua khu vuc phi chfnh thiic la de "giam thieu chi phi va sir canh tranh toan cau khien cac doanh nghiep chi'nh thiic cang thue nhieu lao dgng ben ngoai khu vuc phi chfnh thiic, nai nhung ngudi lao dgng khong dugc hudng Igi fch cua he thong bao hg lao dgng" [2, tr.75] Tiep can theo khfa canh khac, tac gia Nguyen Hoai San (2013) cho ring, "khu vuc phi chfnh thuc la toan bg cac doanh nghiep, ca sd san xuat kinh doanh tu nhan phi nong nghiep, khong co dang ky kinh doanh va cung cap cac san pham va dich vu phuc vu thi truang Viec lam phi chi'nh 87 Khoa hpc xa hgi Viet Nam, so - 2019 thiic la viec lam khu vuc phi chinh thiic va viec lam khu vuc chfnh thiic nhung khong cd che bao hiem va phuc lgi" [3, tr.89] Khi luan giai v8 khai niem phi chfnh thiic lao dong, dua theo hai each tiep can Roxana Maurizio da luan giai cu the: (i) Theo each ti8p can "san xuat" [I, tr.4]], tinh trang phi chi'nh thiic phan anh sir bat luc cua cac nhn kinh tk viec tao du viec lam khu vuc chfnh thiic, nham theo kjp sy phat trien cua luc lugng lao dgng Khu vuc phi chi'nh thiic thuang gan vdi cac ca sd san xu4t nho c6 nang suat thap va thucmg phai vat lgn de sinh ton va ft kha nang tfch luy tai san Cong viec dugc tao lmh vyc dugc ggi la viec lam khu vyc phi chfnh thiic (EIS); (ii) Dua tren "each tiep can lao dong" [6, tr.41], viec lam phi chfnh thiic (IE) de cap den mgt khfa canh khac cua phi chi'nh thiic va tap tmng vao dieu kien lam viec Dac biet, each hep can gan khai niem phi chfnh thiic vdi viec tron tranh cac quy dinh lao dgng, dinh nghia IE la tinh trang ngudi lao dgng khong chiu sy dieu det cua phap luat ve lao dgng cd hop ddng lao dgng hoac cd nhung khong dugc dong bao hiem xa hgi, bao hiem y te, bao hi8m thit nghiep; khong dugc chi tra cac chk dg phu c3p va cac khoan phuc lgi xa hgi khac Nhdng ngudi lao dgng thudng Inkn qukn ddi ngheo, ban che ve nang luc, ki8n thuc va dieu kien kinh te, di^u kien lam viec, do khong cd nhieu ca hgi d^ hoa nhap xa hoi Do vay, day ciing la rao can ldn dk phat trien ben vflng va dam bao cdng bang xa hgi Theo ILO: "Lao dgng phi chfnh thiic dugc xac dinh la lao dgng cd viec lam phi chfnh thiic" [4, tr.S] vai dac trung ca ban cua viec lam phi chfnh thiic dugc djnh nghia la viec lam khong co bao hiem xa hgi (dac biet la bao hiem xa hgi bat bugc) va khong cd hgp d6ng lao dgng tii thang trd len - Quy mo vd phdn bd cita lao dgng phi chinh thuc Mac dii van nhieu each tiep can vdi nhung dinh nghTa khac nhau, song ve mat noi ham cd the nhan dien lao dgng phi chfnh thiic vai mgt so dac diem ca ban sau: tfnh chat viec Iam bap benh, thieu on dinh, thu nhap thap, thdi gian lam viec dai; khdng Thuc trang lao dong phi chinh thu-c a Viet Nam Trong nhuTig nam gan day, miic tang trudng kinh te an tugng hang nam cua Viet Nam cd sy ddng gdp khong nho cua khu vyc kinh te phi chfnh thiic Theo tfnh toan cua Tong cue Thong ke nam 2015, ty Ie ddng gdp cua khu vuc kinh te phi chi'nh thiic vao GDP chi8m 14,34% [5] Theo do, quy mo va xu hudng cua lao dgng phi chi'nh thiic d Viet Nam hien dugc bi§u hien tren mgt so net khai quat nhu sau: Quy mo lao dgng cd viec lam d nudc ta tang qua cac nam tu 52,7 trieu ngucri nam 2014 len 53,3 trieu ngudi nam 2016 Cung vdi do, quy mo lao dgng phi chfnh thiic cung cd xu hudng tang tu 16,8 trieu ngudi nam 2014 len 18,0 trieu ngudi nam 2016 (tang gan 1.2 trieu ngudi) T6c tang tmng binh cua lao dgng phi chfnh thiic giai doan 2014-2016 la 3,5%/nam cham han toe tang binh quan cua lao dgng chfnh thuc la 6,9%/nam (Bang 1) Nguyln H&u Tai Bang 1: Quy mo lao dpng phi chinh thiic chia theo thj/nong thon va gift tinh giai doan 20142016(4] 2014 GiSiUnh/ITNT S6 lucmg 2015 Ty % (1000 ngiroi) S6lirmE 2016 Ty % (1000 ngucri) S6 linmg Ty (1000 nguoi) loan quoc 16829,1 100,0 17534,2 100,0 18018.4 100.0 Nam 9311,8 55,3 9838,7 56,1 10170.2 56,4 NS 7517,3 44,7 7695,5 43,9 7848,2 43,6 Thanh thi 6776,4 100,0 7114,2 100,0 7273.3 100,0 Nam 3508,2 51,8 3744,5 52,6 3818,6 52,5 m 3268,2 48,2 3369,7 47.4 3454.6 47.5 N6ng thon 10052,7 100,0 10420,0 100,0 10745.1 100.0 Nam 5803,6 57,7 6094,2 58.5 6351.6 59,1 m 4249,1 42,3 4325,8 41.5 4393,5 40.9 So lieu nam 2016 cho thay, g4n 60% lao dong phi chi'nh thiic, tiromg duong 10,7 trieu ngiroi lara viec a khu vuc nong thon Quy mo lao dong phi chinh thiic co xu hucjng tSng a ca khu virc thi va khu vuc nong thon Trong ca hai khu vuc, ty lao dgng nam deu cao hon nii Sir chenh lech the hien ro hon a khu vuc nong thon, lao dong phi chi'nh thiic la nam gioi cao gap 1,4 lansov6inQgi6i(Bang 1) - Quy mo lao dong phi chinh thuc theo nimg kink ti-xa hoi Quy mo lao dong phi chinh thiic sau ving kinh th - xa h^i ihn co xu hutJng tang ISn nam 2016 Trong dd, Ha Npi va Tp H6 Chf Minh lit noi thu hiit d8ng dao [ao dong tir cac tinh, phS khac ca nuoc nen ty Ie lao dong phi chi'nh thiic cua rieng hai ph6 da chigm tren 20% t6ng s6 lao dong phi chinh thiic ca nuoc Ngoai ra, lao dong phi chi'nh thiic tap trung nhihu a ba viing la Dong bang song Ctiu Long, BSc Trung Bo va Duyen hai mihn Nam Trung Bp va D3ng bang s6ng H6ng Cac vung nhu Trung du va rxnhn mii phi'a Bac va Tly Nguyen cd dan s6 it, lao dpng chii ySu lam nong, lam nghiep; ben canh cac nganh nghe khong da dang nen ty trpng lao dong phi chi'nh thiic kha thap (Bang 2) Khoa hpc xa hpi Vi jt Nam, so - 2019 Bang 2: Quy mo lao dgng pili chinh thtrc theo vung kinh te - xa hpi, giai do?n 2014-2016 [4] 2014 Viing kinh te - xS hoi Soluong (1000 ngudi) Toin qudc Trung du mien nui phfa Bic D5ng bang song Hong 2016 2015 Ty trpng % So lirong (lOOOnguii) Ty trgng % S6 lugng (lOOOngucti) Ty % 16829,1 100,0 17534,2 100,0 18018,4 100,0 1116,8 6,6 1331,3 7,6 1408,6 7,8 3090,6 18,4 3013,8 17,2 3237,6 18,0 B5c trung BQ va Duyen hai mien Tnmg Tay Nguyen 3494,2 20,8 3758,9 21,4 3841,0 21,3 504,1 3,0 521,6 3,0 541,8 3,0 Bong Nam BQ 1469,9 8,7 1641,8 9,4 1709 9,5 D6ng bang song Cijm Long Hi Noi 3566,5 21,2 3674,4 21,0 3758,2 20,9 1637,9 9.7 1656,2 9,4 1642,4 9,1 Tp Ho Chi Minh 1949,2 11,6 1936,2 11,0 1879,8 10,4 - Trinh hoc vdn, chuyen mon ky thudt (CMKT) ciia lao dong phi chinh thiic Bang cho thay, 100 lao dpng phi chinh thiic thi co hon 85 nguoi khong co chuyen mon ky thuat Ty le lao dpng qua dao tao cua lao dpng phi chinh thiic thip hem miic chung cua toan bp nen kinh \h 5,7 diem phan tram, va thap hon so vtji lao dpng chinh thiic la 17,4 diem phan tram Nhu vay, hau het lao dong phi chfnh thtic khong duac dao tao chuyen mon ky thuat va phai lam cong viec mang tinh chit khong bSti virng, khong dugc dam bao nhirng quyin Ipi co ban cua nguoi lao dpng Ty le lao dpng chua qua dao tao cOa lao dpng phi chiiih thiic a nam gitjd thip hon nQ gioi 6,7 diem phan tram Bing 3: Phan bo lao dOng phi chinh thiic theo CMKT va gioi tinh nam 2016 [4] Lao dgng phi chinh thuc (1000 nguin) Ty n-gng (%) Chung Nam Toin quoc 18018,4 100,0 100,0 100,0 Khong c6 CMKT 15343,0 85,2 82,2 88,9 So cap 848,0 4,7 7,4 1,2 Trung cap 823,1 4,6 3,1 3,9 Cao dang 420,7 2,3 2,3 Dai hgc tro len 583,6 3,2 3,1 90 2,4 3,5 Nguyln Huu Tai - Qi^y '"^ ^'^^ ^png phi chinh thuc iheo nhom nghi nghiip Lao dgng phi chfnh thuc chu yeu tap trung d ba loai nghe la: dich vu ca nhan, bao ve va ban h ^ g chiem 35,6%; thg thu cong va cac dig cd lien quan chigm 29,8% valao dgng gian don" chiem 18% Day v6 CO ban la cac loai hinh cong viec cd ft sir doi hoi ve trinh dg chuyen mdn, ky thuat Cac nhom nghe lai nhu "cac nha lanh d?o", "CMKT bac cao", "CMKT bac tmng", "thg lap rap va van hanh may mdc thiet bi" chiem ty trgng rat nhd Phan bo % nhdm nghe cua lao dgng phi chfnh thuc da phin nao ty le thuan vdi trinh chuygn mon ky thuat, trang diuc te vdi cac nhdm nghh djcb vu ca nhan, bao ve va ban hang; thg thu cong va cac thg cd lien quan va lao ddng gian dan v6 ca ban la nhung loai hinh nghS nghiep ft su ddi hdi ve trinh CMKT ban so vdi cac nhom ngha khac nhu "lanh dao", "CMKT bac cao", "CMKT bac trung" va "thg lap rSp va van hanh may mdc thi6t bi" - Quy mo lao dgng phi chinh thuc theo vj thi viec ldm Bieu 2: Phan bo lao dgng phi chfnh thuc theo vj thg viec lam va gidi tfnh nam 2016 (%) [4] Bieu cho thay, ca nudc cd 53,4% lao dong phi chfnh thuc lam cdng an luong (tuong ung 9,6 trieu ngudi), 32,1% (5,8 trieu ngucri) lao dgng tu lam va 11,8% (2,1 trieu ngudi) la lao dpng gia dinh Ty h-gng lao dong cd viec lam phi chi'nh thuc Iam cdng an luong d khu vuc nong thon cao ban 8,6 di^m phan tram so vdi khu vuc thi (56,9% so ydi 48,3%) Nhin chung, nu- gidi chiu nhieu thiet thoi ban nam gidi tren khfa canh Vl the viec lam Da sd nam gidi cd viec lam phi chi'nh thuc la ngudi lam cong an luang (65,1%), t^ trgng d nu gidi chi la 38,4% Ngugc lai, d nhihig vi the viec lam mang tfnh chat kem on dinh ban nhu lao dgng tu lam va lao dgng gia dinh, ty le cua nu gidi deu cao hem nam gidi (tuang ung la 42,6% so vdi 24,0% d lao dgng tu lam va 16,9% so vdi 7,9% d lao dgng gia dinh) Ngoai ra, lao dgng phi chfnh thiic dugc k^ hgp dong lao dgng chiem ti le rat thap Ti le dugc ky hgp ddng tren thang trd len chi khoang 21,2% Cd 76,7% lao dgng phi chfnh thuc lam viec ma khong co bat cu mgt hgp dong lao dgng bang van ban lien quan den cong viec dang Iam Cu the, 62,1% lao dgng ^ Khoa hpc xa hpi Viet Nam, sd - 2019 phi chfnh thuc chi thoa thuan mieng vdi chu lao dgng va 14,6% khong cd bat cii mgt thoa thuan nao Tien lucmg binh quan thang cua lao dpng phi chi'nh thuc thap ban cua lao dpng chi'nh thuc d tat ca cae vi the viec lam Tien lucmg binh quan cua nhdm lao dgng phi chfnh thuc vao khoang 4,4 trieu dong/thang, chi bang ban mgt nua so vdi nhdm lao dpng chfnh thdc (6,7 trieu ddng/thang) Hau bet lao dpng phi chfnh thuc khong co bao hiem xa hgi (97,9%), chi cd 0,2% dugc dong bao hiem xa hgi bat bugc, lai 1,9% ddng bao hiem xa hgi tu nguyen [4, tr.l6] Giai phap cho lao dong phi chinh thuc De khac phuc nhung rui ro, tao dieu kien eho luc lugng lao dgng phi chfnh thuc cd dugc bao dam mgt cuoc sdng ben vijng, tiep can thudng xuyen vdi an sinh xa hgi, gdp phan vao su phat trien ben vung chung cua ca quoc gia tuang lai, can thuc hien tot mgt so giai phap ca ban sau: Thir nhdt, day manh qua trinh chfnh thuc hoa khu vuc kinh te phi chi'nh thuc Day ia npi dung co vi trf chien luge, tien de cho viee chfnh thuc hoa khu vuc kinh te phi chfnh thuc va luc lugng lao dgng phi chfnh thue Theo do, can nbanh chdng hoan thien theo hudng tinh gian cac quy dinh phap ly ho trg khu vuc kinh te phi chfnh thiic chuyen sang khu vuc kinh te chfnh thuc nhu ca ehe phe duyet, thu tue cap phep Ddng thdi, nang cao nang luc thuc thi phap luat va trach nhiem, eai thien moi quan he cua cac ea quan hanh ehfnh vdi khu vue kinh tk phi chfnh thuc Thu hai, tao mdi trudng eanh tranh lanh manh, cong biing cho cac doitugng nen kinh tk Day la ngi dung nlu duge trien khai thuc hien tot tii chfnh quyen tmng 92 uang dkn ca sd se tao dgng luc rk ldn thuc day cac ddi tugmg kinh tk khac vuon len phat tri6n hhn viing D I lam dupc can hudng tdi cac cai each nhu co phan hoa doanh nghiep nha nude, da dang hda cac loai hmh sd huu va quan ly cd hieu qua tai san nha nudc, tao ca che cho cac doanh nghiep phi nha nudc thuan lgi tiep can nguon v6n, dk dai; sau nua la tao moi trudng cho doanh nghiep tu nhan, hpjcinh doanh phat trien, cd ea che hd trg lap doanh nghiep mdi Thu ba, khu vuc lao dgng phi chfnh thuc la vung dem, hap thu lao dgng phi nong nghiep, khu vuc doanh nghiep, tao nen ti'nh linh hoat nen kinh te Tuy nhien, d§y Iai la nhdm lao dpng cd viec lam bap benh, thieu dn dinh, khong cd hgrp ddng lao dgng hoac hgp dong thda thuan mieng, thdi gian lam viec dai nhung thu nhap lai thap Tien lucmg binh quan cua lao dpng phi chfnh thuc thap han cua lao dpng chfnh thirc d tat ca eac vi the viee lam Dieu ddi hdi can cd he thong chfnh sach ho trg, tac dpng rieng cho timg nhdm doi tuong de chfnh thuc hda viec lam, tao ca hpi viec lam ben vdng; dong thdi phai cd giai phap trudc mit va lau dai de ho trg nhdm lao dgng phi chinh thuc tikp can vdi chfnh sach an sinh xa hgi, hudng tdi binh ding cho ngudi lao dpng khu vuc Thu tu,^ thudng xuyen Iam tdt cong tac tuyen truySn, van dpng nhSm tao su dong dao tham gia bao hilm xa hpi', bao hilm y te lue lugng lao dpng phi chi'nh thtic Tinh den het nam 2016, mdi cd hon 203 nghin lao dpng phi chfnh thiic tham gia bao hiem xa hgi tu nguyen Nhdng khd khan viec md rgng dien tham gia bao hilm xa hgi tu nguyen cd nhilu nguyen nhan, nhu kha nang eh tra, thu nhap khdng 6n dmh, nhan thuc Do vay, cin quylt Het hem nua viec truyen thong ng sau rdng ve chfnh sach bao hilm xaa hpi no' tu nguyen tang cudng su tham gia cua cac i : cap, cac Nguyln Huu Tai nganh, doan the, dac biet la vai trd eac hgi, doan thi, nhu: Hgi ndng dan, Lien minh hgp tac xa, Doan nien, Hgi Phu nu dl ngudi dan biet dugc tinh uu viet, nhan vSn cua chmh sach nay, nam dugc quy trinh thii tuc tham gia va hudng che Can phai nhin manh han nua vai trd chu dpng cua nganh bao hiem xa hpi viec day manh cac hinh thiic truyen thong thdng qua cac phuong tien thong tin dai chung, tap hudn, hpi thao va phoi hgp vdi cac nganh cd lien quan Can thiet xay dung de an tang cudng ho trg ngudi dan tham gia bao hiem xa hpi t\r nguyen thdng qua viec tuyen truyin Cac CO quan nha nudc cd lien quan can nghien cihi danh nguon kinh phi hang nam thdc day viec tmyen thong chinh sach bao hilm xa hoi tu nguyen de ngudi dan bilt tham gia Do do, Nha nudc can thiet ke cac che d6 bao dam cong bang vdi bao hilm xa hgi bat bu6c Co the hinh cac ca chl khuyen khich, ho trg mpt p h ^ kinh phi dl ngudi lao dpng phi chinh thiic tham gia bao hiem xa hpi tu nguyen eiing nhu su linh hoat miic ddng, phuang thuc dong Thif ndm, tiep tuc dan gian hda cac thu t\ic hanh chinh cac ca quan cung ckp dich vu cong, d3c biet doi vdi nganh bao hiem x3 hgi can dam bao tri tdt viec giao dich "mot cda", ung dung toi da cdng ngh? thong tin giao dich hanh chinh, tiep tyc nang cao chit lugng dgi ngu ean bg de dap ling mgt tdt hon nhu c4u tham gia bao hiem xa hpi tu nguyen cua lao dpng phi chfnh thuc Ddng thdi, cac nganh cd iien quan, nhu: Lao dgng - Thuang binh va Xa hgi, Tai chinh can nghien cuu xay dung de an h6 trg ngudi dan tham gia bao hilm xa hgi tu nguyen, danh gia kha nang tham gia cua nguoi lao dgng ndi chung va lao dfing phi chinh thiic ndi rieng dk tilp tuc hoan thien he thdng chinh sach cd Hen quan mgt phii hgp hem va hap dan ngudi lao dgng viee tham gia bao hilm xa hpi tu nguyen Ket Iuan Thuc hien quylt liet, d6ng bg cac giai phap CO tinh dinh hudng tren khong nhdng la dilu kien cho su phat triln bin vimg vl kinh tl cua ddt nudc, dd la tiln dl cho viec thuc hien an sinh xa hpi mpt each rpng rai din tit ca cae ddi tugng lao dgng khac nin kinh tl Mgt nin kinh tl vdi tit thay lao dpng ed viec lam va dugc bao hp bdi diy du hg an sinh xa hgi tic bao hilm xa hgi, bao hiern that nghiep den bao hilm y tl mdi la nen kinh te cd du siic khde mue deu phat trien lau dai mang tinh ben viing ca ve kinhte vaxa hgi Tai lieu tham khao [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] Roxana Maurizio (2013); "Lao dpng phi chinh thijrc v^ ngh^o doi cr chau My Latin Tnrfimg hep ciia Argentina, Brazil, Chile vk Peru", Kinh te phi chinh thiic lgi cdc nuac dang phdt trien, Nxb Tri thiic Ha Noi Mireille Razafindrakoto, Francois Roubaud, Jean, Michel Wachberger (2013), "Lam viec khu vuc kinh ti phi chinh thilrc: Tu nghuyfn hay bit buoc? Phan tich s\r h^i long vh cong viec tai Vi?t Nam", Kinh te phi chinh thuc tgi cac nu&c dang phdt trien, Nxb Tri thtic Ha N6i Nguyln Hoai Son (2013), "Khu vuc phi chinh thuc a cAc nuoc dang phat trien" Tap chi Khoa hoc xa hpi Viet Nam, so 10 T6ng cue Th6ng ke, ILO (2018), Bdo cdo Lao dong phi chinh thuc nam 2016, Nxb H6ng Due, Ha Noi http://tapchitaichinh.vn/nghien-cuu-traodoi/trao-doi-binh-luan/kinh-te-phi-chinh-thuco-viet-nam-va-mot-so-khuyen-nghi146337.html, truy cap 19//11/2018 hrtp://www.hids.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/web /guest/cac-khu-vuc-kinh te, truy cap 22/11/2018 ... nguoi lao dpng Ty le lao dpng chua qua dao tao cOa lao dpng phi chiiih thiic a nam gitjd thip hon nQ gioi 6,7 diem phan tram Bing 3: Phan bo lao dOng phi chinh thiic theo CMKT va gioi tinh nam. .. thudt (CMKT) ciia lao dong phi chinh thiic Bang cho thay, 100 lao dpng phi chinh thiic thi co hon 85 nguoi khong co chuyen mon ky thuat Ty le lao dpng qua dao tao cua lao dpng phi chinh thiic thip... khdng Thuc trang lao dong phi chinh thu-c a Viet Nam Trong nhuTig nam gan day, miic tang trudng kinh te an tugng hang nam cua Viet Nam cd sy ddng gdp khong nho cua khu vyc kinh te phi chfnh thiic