TAP CHl GONG THIfGNG TR0 GIUP XA HOI NGlTCfl DON THAN NGHEO NUOI CON NHO TREN DIA BAN TINH KHANH HOA • LE NGOC DUNG - LE TRUNG DAO TOM TAT: Bdi Viet nghien effu, phan ticb ve thtfc trang ddi sdng ctia ngtfdi ddn than ngheo nudi nho dang dtfdc btfdng trd giilp xd hgi tren dia ban tinb Khdnh Hda, thong qua ket qua dieu tra xa hpi hpc thtfc hien thdng ndm 2019 tai dja bdn thuoc tinb Kbanh Hda TiJf khoa: Ngtfdi ddn thdn ngheo nudi nhd, trd giiip xa bdi, tinb Kbanh Hda Ldi md d^u Trd giup xa hoi (TGXH) la mot nhffng cbinh sdch xa hgi cdban eiia qud'c gia de trd giiip ngffdi ngheo, nhdm ye'u the' va de bi ton thtfdng dn dinh cupc Sd'ng va tai hda nhdp cgng dong TGXH khong ebi Id trd ed'p xd hgi (nhtf b6 trd bang lien hoac hien vdt ciia Cbinh pbii va ctia cdng ddng) cho cdc ddi ttfdng htfdng ldi cd the tri mffe sd'ng to'i thieu ma rpng bdn Id stf bao dam cuoc so'ng an loan, binh dang, hanh pbiie va phat trien eiia nhdn ddn Vi vdy, TGXH la mot nhffng tru col mong mud'n khdng the tach rdi ciia he thdng an sinh xd hgi Ngtfdi ddn than (NDT) thupc dien hg ngheo nuoi nbd Id mpt eac dd'i ttfdng dtfdc btfdng TGXH theo quy djnb tai Ngbi dmh so' 136/2013/ND-CP Bai vie't tap trung vdo nhdn dien dac diem ed nhdn, ddi sd'ng, stfc khoe cung nhtf nguyen vgng ctia NDT thupc dien hp ngheo nudi eon nbd iren dja ban linb Khanh Hda thdng qua ke't qua dieu tra xa hgi hpc tbtfc bien thdng nam 2019 tai dia bdn thudc tinh Khdnh Hda Phtfdng phap nghien cu'u va dO lieu Bai nghien effu pbtfdng phap djnh tinb dtfdc sif dung nham xdy dtfng be thd'ng lieu chi nhdn dien dd'i ttfdng TGXH Cde ky thudt cu the dtfdc sif dung irong nghien ctfu nhtf phtfdng phdp chgn mdu cd 142 Sd22-Thdng 12/2019 muc dich, tbu tbdp dff lieu md, pbdn tich van ban, so' lieu thff ed'p, tdng bdp vd giai thich cac ke't qua tim tha'y Ke't hdp vdi ky thudt phdng va'n trtfc tie'p thdng qua bang cau bdi dieu tra dtfdc xay dtfng tU qud trinb tdng quan tdi lieu, phdng vd'n sdu vd thao ludn nhdm Nghien effu sff dung phie'u khao sat dtfdc xay dtfng tren 40 chi tieu Cd ca'u mdu dtfdc phdn bd nbtf sau: (Bang 1) Bdng Tong hop thdng ke mau khdo sot Tyll D|a ban khao sat long so (ngudi) long so 31 100 TT (%) TP Nha Trang 12.9 Thi xa Ninh Hoa 14 461 Huyen Khanh Vinh 9.7 Huyen Van Ninh 22.6 Huy§n Dien Khanh 9.7 Nguon: Ket qud khdo sdi cua lac gia Tren ed sd sd lieu dtfdc thu thap ve, nghien cik siif dung mot sd phtfdng phdp pbdn tich thdng ke cd ban Thd'ng ke md la vdi cdc cbi tieu nbtf trung binh, tan sd, tan sud't QUANTRI-QUANLY 3.2 Thong tin chung ve sdc khoe NBT Hien nay, nhffng NDT da phan deu cd su'c khde lot Cd den 56,3% sd NDT dtfdc kbdo sdt ed sffc khde td't, ty le nhffng ngtfdi ed su'c khoe kem ebi la 6,2% va Iai 37,5% cd sffc khde binh thtfdng (ffinb 2) NDT da phan khdng mac benh Ke't qua khdo sat cho thd'y, NDT khdng mac benh chie'm 67,7%, cdn lai Id mac benh ve bai liet; tim, mach; b^nh ve tai, mat; benh ve rang; benh suy giam tri nhd (Hinh 3) + Khd ndng van dgng, Kha nang tham gia lao dong Nbin chung, td't ca NDT tham gia khao sat deu cd kha nang van ddng va phan Idn cdn kha ndng tham gia lao dgng Vdi ke't qua khao sdt, ta nhan thay rdng, so'ngtfdi khdng cdn khd ndng tham gia lao ddng chie'm ty le khong nbieu nhtfng cung ddng de danh gid (12,5%) Cdn Iai phan ldn nhffng NDT dtfdc khao sat deu cd khd ndng tham gia lao dong tao thu nhdp Hinh 1: Do tuoi cua ngU&i di/dc khao sat 3.3 Thiic trgng ddi sd'ng cua NBT trin dia Tren 50 tuoi ban tinh Khdnh Hoa + Ttnh trgng sinh sdng Da sd NDT sd'ng cbung vdi ngtfdi ed nghTa vu phiing dtfdng va kbdc Ke't qud kbdo sat cbo thd'y rang, NDT sd'ng chung vdi ngtfdi cd nghia vu phung dtfdng chie'm Tir 31 den 50 tuoi 25,0% va khde chie'm 75.0% 59,4%; ty !e NDT so'ng mpt minh van cdn (chiem Nguon: Ket qud klido sdt cua tdc gid 12,5%) (Hinh 4) Hinh 2: Tinh trgng si^c khoe NDT + Banh sdch hg ngheo Nh§n didn d6i ttfrfng TGXH la NDT 3.1 Bgc diem NBI Cd ed'u gidi tinh ctia NDT chu yeu la nff va dan tpc Kinh Ke't qua kbdo sdt cho thd'y nff chie'm 87,5% tdng so' ngtfdi kbdo sat, ti-ong kbi nam cbi chidm 12,5%, Ddn tdc Kinb cbiem 61,29% tren tdng so ngtfdi tham gia trd ldi cau hdi nay, itfdng ffng la 38,71 % chd cac ddn tdc kbdc Tudi trung binh ciia nhffng NDT ebii ye'u tff 31 de'n 50 tudi Dtfa theo nam sinh ciia ngtfdi dtfdc kbao sdt de phan nhdm ludi Id Nhd hdn 31 ludi Iff 31 - 50 tudi va tren 50 tuoi Ke't qud kbao sdt cbo thd'y, ty \& NDT tif 31 - 50 tuoi cbiem so' dong 75%, cbi cd 9,4% sd NDT dtfdc khao sat la nbd bdn Ituoi, 15,6% cd dp tudi khoang tren 50 tudi (Hinh 1) Tinh trang hon nhdn cua nhifng NDT chii yeu la goa phu Ke't qua khdo sdt ebo tha'y vdi ty le NDT Id goa phu chiem 70,97%, lai Id H di 9,68% vd 19,35% cho nhffng trtfdng hdp kbdc Hien nay, NDT chii ye'u Id ngtfdi ngheo Ke't qua nghien effu eho thd'y, khoang 96,8% NDT thudc b6 ngheo va chi cd 3,2% NDT khong nam danh sdch bp ngheo + Tlnh trgng sd hdu nhd Phan ldn NDT dang sd hffu nbd d Ddy la dieu kien vdt chd't, giup NDT ed the sd'ng va sinh boat Ngudn: Ket qud khdo sdt ciia tdc gid S d 2 - T h a n g 12/2019 143 TAP CHJ CONG THirUNB cbi binb qudn Id 1.559 ngan ddng va 865 ngan ddng Cde chi phi nhff Chi giao le' va Cbi chifa benh cung dtfdc nhilu NDT s^ dung vdi mifc chi binh qudn la 566,7 ngan ddng vd 483,3 ngan ddng (Bang 2) Hinh 3: Cac benh thifdng mdc d NDT J ^ \W Benliverang f ^ g j ^d n g u d o ihu gom nguon ttf trd giup xa bdi thtfdng xuyen, trd gilip dot xua't, tff ngtfdi than, ttf td chtfc ngoai Nguon: Ket qud khdo sdt ciia tdc gid nhd ntfdc va tham gia lao dong Trong dd, bau hdt Hinh 4: Tlnh trgng song cua NDT NDT cd eac ngudn thu Khac Sons minh chinh tff ngffdi tbdn vd 59.4% tham gia lao dgng Ket qua khao sat eho thd'y, cd 27/31 ngffdi cd ngudn thu tff TGXH vdi mffe thu binb qudn Id 570,7 ngdn ddng vd 27/31 ngtfdi cd ngudn tff tham gia lao ddng vdi mtfe thu binh quan la 2.434,8 ngan Song cung ngirai Song cung nguoi dong Ket qua nghien nhan cham soc ta] CO nghia \"u cong dong ctfu cung cho thd'y, cd sif phung dufing , 1% 25,0% chenh lech ra't Idn giffa s6' tien NDT nhan dtfdc Nguon: Ke't qud khdo sdt cua tdc gid moi ngudn thu (Bdng 3) thoai mdi Ty le sd NDT sd hffu nhd chie'm 80,6% 3.4 Thdc trgng nhu cdu, ky vgng NBT Mot sd NDT vdn dang tinh trang nha tbue vd Mtfe mong mudn ciia NDT btfdng TGXH khac (cbiem 19,4%) cd stf tdng dan, ttf rd't it den ra't cao vd phan ldn NDT sd hffu nbd va d nhd bdn kign co'nbieu d mdc nhu cau mong mud'n eao vd rd't cao Cu hdn, gd'p 2,5 lan so vdi nha kien cd' Trong so' the, vdi mong mud'n rd't it chiem 2,20%, mong nhffng NDT cd nhd ebii sd hffu, ed khoang 70,0% mud'n it thi 1,50%, binh thtfdng (hoac la trung NDT sd hffu nhd bdn kien cd va 26,7% NDT sd lap) la 10,20%, vdi mong mud'n mffe eao hffu nhd kien cd' Dd'i vdi nha lam bd, van cdn 3,3% chiem 29,90% vd cud'i cung Id mong mudn ra't NDT sd hffu nha dang ndy cao Id nbieu nhd't vdi 56,20% va ra't nhieu NDT + Tinh trgng thu nhdp vd chi tieu quan tam d mffe ra't cao, chie'm hdn 86,1% Trong cuoc kbdo sdt nghien effu NDT co loai (Hinh 5) chi tieu dffde de cap gdm: Chi an ud'ng, Chi ehffa Nbu cau ehii ye'u cua NDT Id trd ed'p hdng benh, Cbi tbue nha, Cbi tien hoc, Cbi giao te va thdng va phdt trien kinh te Kel qua khdo sat cho Cbi khac Ke't qua kbdo sdt ve hoat dgng chi lieu thd'y, 100% NDT ddnh gid ve nbu cau trd ca'p hdng thang eiia NDT tap trung chu y6'u loai chi bang thdng va phat trien kinb le' la mong mud'n va la Chi dn ud'ng vd Cbi lien hoc cho eon vdi mffe rat mong mud'n Ben canh dd, nhu cau kham chffa ^ 144 Sd22-Thang 12/2019 QUAN TRj-QUAN Lr Bdng Hien Irqng chi tieu NDT dang hadng TGXH DVT WOO Tong chi lieu Tmng binh Nho nhal aSng Ldn nhat DO Igch chuan N 2361,0 500,0 6100.0 (502,) 31 Chi an uong 1559,0 200,0 4000,0 941,2 31 Chi chOa benh 483,3 100,0 1000,0 318,9 Chi thue nha 200,0 200,0 200,0 Chi tien hoc 865,4 100,0 3000,0 923,6 13 Chi giao te 566,7 100,0 800,0 181,5 18 Chi l