TAPCiClKTIifM MOT SO NHAN TO ANH Hl/OfNG DEN HIEU QUA CONG VIEC CUA NGlTOfl LAO DQNG » DUdNG MINH TU T M TAT: NghiSn curu dir^c ti^n hdnh d^a tren tdng h^rp cdc cong trinh n ^ S n cihi vd ngodi nude ve hi^u qud cdng v i ^ cua ngucri lao d$ng K^t qud cho tfaSy, cd nhan to anh hirdng, bao gom: (1) E)Ong lyc Idm vi?c cua ngirtri lao dOng; (2) S v hdt tdng vdi cdng y i?c ciia ngudi lao dgng; (3) Cam kit vdi cdng vi?c cua ngudi lao dOng: (4) Sv ho tn? cua edp trfin; (5) S\f b5 trg cita d6ng nghi^; (6) Si; cing thing cdng vi$c vd (7) Phong cdch Idnh d^o Bdi viet giup xdy d ^ g khung ly thuyet nghien cuu ndng cao hi^u qua cdng v i ^ cho ngudi lao dgng cac td chirc d Vi^t Nam Tit khda: Hi^u qua cdng v i ^ , c ^ g thfing cdng vi$c, ho trg cua Idnh d^o, hS trg cua dong nghi?p l.D$tvJind^ Nhan l^c moi td chue ludn dirge xem Id ngudn l^c dau vao quan trgng nhdi quylt dinh s\r tdn t^i va phdt trien ciia td chue dd Mgt td chdc sd hihi ^ lugng lao dgng cd chdt tugng cao vdi ddy dii cdc kien thuc, ky nSng va thdi dg Idm v i ^ tdt se dugc kilm chung thdng qua hi^u qud cdng \ iec cua nhan vien Tuy nhiln, trSn thvc tl cd khdng it cdc td chdc cd bl day truyin thdng, co dgi ngu lao dgng hdu nhung hi^u qua cdng v j ^ van khong cao Dieu ndy d$t yeu edu cdn xem x^t den cac yiu td tac dgng tdi hi^u qua cdng v i ^ ciia ngudi lao dgng, tu dd xay d ^ g CO sd ly lu^n cho viSc nghien cuu nang cao hi^u qua cdng v i ^ cho ngudi lao dgng cac td chue hi?n Car sd ly Ihuyet cua nghUn cihi 2.1 Hifu qud cdng vifc Theo Ddng Thj Hdng Hoa (2016) hi?u qua cdng vi?c ciia ngudi lao dgng dugc xem nhu chdt lugng lao dgng, dd, muc dg hoan chue trdch, nhi^m vy cua ngudi tao dgng (ket qua hoan thdnh nhi?m vy dugc giao) Id tieu chi trung tdm, chu yeu nhdt la dau hi^u cy thi nhdt, rd nhdt de danh gid hi?u qua cdng vi?c Do dd, hi^u qua cdng vi?c (job performance) dugc xem nhu ket qua dau ciia chdt 210 So 12-Thang5/2020 lugng lao d$ng Nghien edu cua Tsui vd cdng sy (1997) (Tsui et al., 1997) dd chi rS, hi§u qua cdng vi^e dugc b4ng thang xoay quanh so sdnh thdnh tich cdng v i ^ ma ngudi lao dgng d^t du^c vdi: Muc trung binli, yeu cau djt ra, vdi ddng nghi?p vd sy hdi Idng cua hg vdi kit qua d^t duge 2.2 Mpt so nhdn to dnh hudng tdi hi^u qud cdng vi^c cua ngudi lao dgng Nghien cuu vl cac nhan td anh hudng tdi hi?u qufi cdng vi§c cua ngudi lao dgng dd dugc nhieu tde gid vd ngoai nude tiip cdn vd dd th6ng nhdt vl mgt sd nhan td tde dgng dudi ddy: 2.2.1 Dgng luc ldm vi^c cua ngudi lao dpng Theo Wright (2003), dgng lyc lao dgng dugc ludng bdi sy: Cd het sue de hodn thdnh cdng vi?c du gSp cae khd k h ^ , sdn sdng bat dau ngdy Idm vi?c sdm hoae d t^i mugn de hoan thdnh cdng vi?c, thudng tdm vi?c chdm chi hon ngudi khac cd ciang cong vi?c, ldm vi?c quen thdi gian Tde gid khdng djnh, tdn t^i mdi quan h? ty 1$ thudn gi&a d^ng tyc ldm vi^c vd hi?u qua cdng vi?c cua ngudi lao ddng Truomg Due Thao (2018) khing djnh, ddng tyc ldm vi?e duge sinh tu nhu edu, nhu cau lam xudt hi^n myc lieu ben chii thi, dd dgng tyc tam vi§c dugc hilu la sy khao khat vd ly nguyan ciia chu thi tlAllH|M*WI.V ciia sy hdi Idng ddi vdi cdng vifc vd tde dgng tdi hifu qud cdng vifc (Sahninen et at., 2017) Ngirge lai, theo Carmeti \d Freund (2013), cam ket cdng viec dugc chuyen tat qua sy hdi tdng dnh hudng tdi hieu qua cdng vifc ciia nhan vien Nghien eim cua Fu va Deshpande (2014) dd khdng djnh cam kit vdi cdng vifc dnh hudng d muc tnmg binh tdi hifu qua cdng vifc cua nhdn vien Tuong ty Id ket qua nghien cuu cua Li vd Ngo (2017), cdc tde gid da phdt hifn sy doh hudng thudn chidu cua cam ket vdi cdng vifc tdi hifu qud cdng vifc cua nhdn vien Ndi cdch khde, cdc nhdn vien cd earn ket cdng eao vdi cdng vife thi Theo Alferaih (2017), nghien edu ve mdi quan hifu qud cdng vifc cua hg edng cao (Li and Ngo, h$ gifta sy hdi ldng vd hi?u qud edng vi?c la mgt 2017) Nghien cuu eua Yu vd cgng sy [2014] cung nhOng ngi dung nghien cuu truyen thdng vd cho thay, sy tucmg quan phan dnh mdi quan hf thudn djnh ede nghiSn edu ve tam ty hgc lao dgng chilu giuTi yiu to cam ket vdi cdng vife vd hifu (Alfeiaih, 2017) D$c bi?t, nd thudng dugc cac nhd qua cdng vifc ciia nhdn vien (Yu et al., 2014) nghien edu xem x€t tdi cdc nghien cihi vl quan trj ngu6n nhdn lyc (Li and Ngo, 2017) vd td mgt 2.2.4 Su hd trp cua edp trin nhOng nhdn td ddu vdo quan trgng tde dgng tdi Theo Edward vd cgng sy (2008), sy hd trg eiia hi^u qua tiim vi§c cda nhan viSn cdc td ehdc ngudi quan ty cd lien quan ch$t chg tdi hifu qud (Edwards et al., 2008, Fu and Deshpande, 2014, Li thyc hifn nhifm vy cua nh3n vien (Edwards et at., and Ngo, 2017) Sy hdi tdng doi vdi cdng vi?c s5 Idm 2008) Nhung sy lien quan tiieo thdi gian sg ngudi lao d^ng tdm vi?c t^n tam hon, sy tan tdm sg gay nhdng hifu img khac vdi tung mue dg uyc tiip tdm hi^u qud cdng vifc tdng ten (Judge et ho trg khac Thdi gian ddu, dnh hudng sy ho al 2002) try ciia ngudi qudn ly ten hifu qud edng vifc cua Sy hdi Idng vdi cdng vi?c dugc hilu la sy ddnh nhan vien la tucmg doi gidng nhau, diu theo chilu gid ve nilm vui thich xudt phdt tir cdng vifc ciia mgt hudng di ten Nhung vl lau ddi, hifu qud edng vifc ngirdi, bao gdm ca tinh cSm vd n h ^ thdc (Edwards ciia cac nhan vign nhdn duge sy ho try tieh cyc td et at., 2008) Nhieu nhd nghifin edu dd quan tdm nhd qudn ly sg tiip tuc tSng ten, hifu giai thich moi quan hf gii^a sy hai tdng va hifu qua qud cdng vifc cua cac nhan vien nhdn dugc sy ho cdng vifc Theo hg, thai dg ddi vdi cdng vif e sg anh trg thip d nhd quan ty se di xudng (Kanat-Maymon hudng tdi \ ifc ngudi lao ddng thyc hien cac hdnh vi and Reizer, 2017) Sy hd trg td edp tren (Idnh d?o, dong cdng vifc (Ajzen, 1991, Ajzen and Fishbein, ngudi qudn ty trye tiip ) nang lyc Idnh dao, dgng 2005) vd sy hdi ldng edng viec vdi hifu qua lyc lam vifc cua lanh dao, cac yeu to mang tinh cd cong vifc ed sy tde d$ng qua l^i ldn (Edwards nhdn va phong caeh lanh dao/sy hS trg cua ngudi el al 2008) Harrison vd eOng sy (2006) da khdng qudn ty , cd tde ddng khdng nhd tdi hifu qua cdng dinh inh hudng ciia sy hdi ldng cdng viec tdi hieu viec cua nhdn vien qui cdng vifc m ^ mg hem sy dnh hudng cua hieu c i p tren dugc coi la mpt tt^ong nhiing yeu td qui cdng vifc vdi sy hdi Idng (Harrison et at., 2006) mang lai sy hdi long va dgng lyc lao dgng cho nhan gong vi«c thyc hi^n edc hdnh vi nhim dat du dnh hudng tdi hifu qua cdng viec ciia nhdn \ ien khong phai tuc nao cung thdng So 12-Thang5/2020 211 TAPniclM nhdL N^ien cuu cua Chen vd Silvertfaonie (2005) cbo thdy, khdng cd mdi tuong quan ndo gifta sy ho try cita ngudi qudn ly ddc trung bdi phong each Idnh dao tdi hifu qud edng vifc ciia nhdn vien (Chen and Silverthcme, 2005) 2.2.5 Su hd trg cua dong nghidp Kalteber (1977), Harrick vd ddng sy (1986) dd nhdn manh, thdi dg dch eye vdi ddng D^tfp vd ede gidm sdt tu nha quan ty gdp phan dang ke ndng cao hifu qua edng vifc cho nhdn vien (Ph?m Due Chinh, 2016) Sy hS Ui? eua ddng nghifp diu cd dnh hudng tdi hifu qud ldm vifc nhung cd miic dg khde Theo Sargent vd Teny (2000), ho ffy cua ddng nghifp Hgn quan m|t thiet hon tdi sy hdi tdng cdng vifc vd hifu qua Idm vifc so vdi hS trg tu nhd qudn ly Jurkiewics vd ddng sy (1998) chi ra, d khu vyc cdng, moi quan hf giita nhdn vien vd gidm sal vien thdn thifn, hda hgp sg Id dgng lyc de hg ldm vifc tot hem cd hifu qua hem (Jurkiewies el al 1998) Eltickson (2002) vd Borzaga (2006) cho thiy, moi quan hf vdi dong nghifp cd dnh hudng khdng nhd tdi sy hai Idng cdng vifc vd hifu qua cdng vife eua nhdn vien (Borzaga and Tortia 2006, Eltickson, 2002) Wright (2001) nhan m ^ h , nhdn vien ca hai hf thdng cdng vd tu diu mudn cd mdt tmdng Idm vifc tdt, ddng nghifp than thifn, sin sang ho trg ldm vife dl ed hifu qua cao nhat) Peterson vd ddng sy (2003) eho bilt, sy than thifn giam sdt va mdi quan hf vdi ddng n^ifp Id mgi so nhihig nhan td quyet djnh dgng lyc lam vifc vd hifu qua cdng vifc (Peterson et al., 2003) Cdc nghign edu ciia Koustelios (2001), Peterson vd ddng sy (2003) ciing di din ket ludn, tdn Mii mdj quan hf tich cyc giite nhan id h5 trg nr ddng nghiep vdi dgng lye tdm vifc vd hifu qud cdng vifc ciia nhdn vien (Peterson et at., 2003) 2.2.6 Sucdng thdng cdng vifc Theo Dobreva-Martinova vd cpng sy [2002], cd nhilu khia c^nh cua sy cang thing nghl nghiep nhu: Sy mo hd, sy xung dpt, sy qua tai, sy khdng hifu qud vd trdch nhifm vdi ngiKri khde Trong dd sy lien kit giita xung dpt vdi sy hdi tdng cdng vifc \d hifu qud cdng vifc rdt manh me vd nhat qudn (DobrevaMartinova et a! 2002) Cang tiling yong cdng vifc dl cap din cdm gidc dp lyc vl thdi gian, sy ban khodn vd to iSng cd Hen quan din nhifm vy edng vife (Hunter and Thatcher 2007) Sy cang tiling cdng vifc, d mgl trang thdi nh? nhdng hem ddi cdn duge eoi Id n b ^ g dp 212 So 12-Thang5/2020 lyc cua cdng \ifc \a d mdt chimg myc ndo dd dnh hudng tich cyc idi hifu qud cdng Wfc cda nhdn vidn Nhung, dp lyc edng vifc dugc ddy teii eao, Idc dp lyc chuyin tiianh nhihig cSng tiidng Oting cdng vifc, dilu ndy thudng dnh hudng khdng tdt tdi hifu qud Idm vifc cua ngudi Do dd, cd nhieu nghien cuu cdc bdi cdnh khde chi sy dnh hudng khdng gidng cua cfing tiling cdng vifc tdi hifu qud Tuy nhien, cdc nghidn cihi trude ddy m$t tieu eye ciia cfing thing cdng vifc dudng nhu ddng vai trd ndi trgi hem Ly tiiuylt vl cfing thing cdng vifc ggi ^ sy lien quan gifta cfing tiling vd hifu qua cdng vifc (Hunter and Thatcher, 2007) Nghien eim eiia Mohr vd Puck [2007] tgi cdc lien doanh Ddc - An Dp tgi An DO cho tiiiy, mde idc dgng ldn vd ngugc chilu cua sy cfing thing cdng vifc ciia cdc tdng gidm d6c tdi hifu qui hogt ddng eiia ede lien doanh, chinh Id hifu qud cdng vifc ciia ede long gidm doc ndy (Motir and Puck, 2007) Nghien edu ciia Abuatrub [2004] vdi tgp hgp mau td 263 y Id ngudi MJ vd 40 y td thupc cdc qu6c tjch khde, kit qua cho thay cfing thing cdng vifc anh hudng tidu cyc tdi hifu qud cdng vifc cua nhflng ngudi tham gia phdng vin Hg cho bilt, cfing thing edng vifc khien hg ludn ed nhihig sai sdt thye hifn cdng vifc, dd hifu qud cdng vifc khdng Ayxqc nhu