Cac nhan to' anh hu'dng den quyet djnh tham gia BHXH tl/ nguyen cua ngu'di lao dong tren dia ban TP Tra Vinh NGCIYEN H6NG HA' NGUYEM TH| TRUC LINH" Tom t^t Nghiin cffu cdc nhdn to'dnh hudng den quyet dinh tham gia bdo hiem xa hgi (BHXH) tu nguyen cua ngudi lao dgng (NLD) trin dia bdn TP Trd Vinh Thdng qua khdo sdt 300 NLD trin dia bdn TP Trd Vinh, sff dung phuang phdp hdi quy da bie'n, nghiin cdu dd tim duac 09 nhdn to dnh hudng de'n quye't dinh iham gia BHXH tu nguyen cua NLD tren dia bdn TP Trd Vinh, nhU: Nhdn thffc ye an sinh xa hgi (ASXH); Thdi cua NLD; Hidu bii't ve BHXH tU nguyen cua NLD; Anh hu'dng xd hoi cua BHXH tu nguyen; Thu nhgp; Truyen thong; Chinh sdch BHXH TU nguyen: Y ihdc sffc khoe ve gid; vd Trdch nhiim dao ly Tu: do, dd de xudl cdc hdm y chinh sdch ndng cao sU tham gia BHXH tu nguyen cua NLD thdi gian tdi trin dia bdn gop phdn ddm bdo ASXH cho NLD di'n ludi nghi huu Ttf khoa: quyi't dinh, BHXH tu nguyin, ngudi lao dgng, TP Trd Vinh, an sinh xa hgi Summary The paper examines factors affecting decision to participate in voluntary social insurance of employees in Tra Vinh city Through a survey of 300 employees in the city, using the multivariate regression method, the study clarifies nine factors affecting their decision, including Awareness of social security; Attitudes of employees; Employees' understanding of voluntary social insurance; Social influence of voluntary social insurance; Income; Communications; Policy on voluntary social insurance; Health consciousness when getting older; and Moral responsibility From the findings, policy implications are proposed lo improve the aforementioned participation of employees in the city so as to ensure social security for employees when they retire Keywords: decision, voluntary social insurance, workers, Tra Vinh city, social security Gl6l THIEU BHXH d ntfdc ta la mdt nhtfng chinh sach ldn he thdng ASXH Clia Dang va Nha ntfdc Ben canh BHXH bat buoc, BHXH ttf nguyen co hieu life ttf 01/01/2008, md cd hdichonhffngNLD ttf tham gia ddng BHXH Tham gia BHXH ttf nguyen, NLD ttf cd thu nhap ihap, khdng dn dinh, se dtfdc htfdng Itfdng btfu, gop pban bao dam cugc sd'ng ve gia, Ttf trien khai thtfc hien BHXH ttf nguydn nam 2008, linh ddn cudi nam 2018, TP Tra Vinh cd 203 ngtfdi tham gia, chiem 0,34% tdng sd ngtfdi dd ludi lao ddng, irong bao gdm nhtfng ngtfdi da cd ihdi gian cdng tac tham gia BHXH bat budc mudn ddng them de dii dieu kien htfdng chd dd btfu tri Sd cdn qua nho so vdi tiem nang va ky vong cua nganh chtfc nang Nguyen nhan lien quan den nhieu • TS., Trtfdng Dai hoc Tra Vinh •' Bao hiem Xa hoi tinh Tra Vinh Ngdy nlidn bdi- 28/09/2019; Ngdy phdn bien 10/10/2019; Ngdv duyel ddng: 18/10/2019 Economy inil Forecast Review ] BANG 1: TONG H0P HE SO CRONBACH S ALPH.^ CUA cAC NHAN TO SAG PHAN TICH EFA STT se" Itfdng bid'n quan sal Nhan 16" N'hiiiihLi ^e ASXH ' Cronbach's Alidia f^ 0.819 'TP ! J • cuaNLD J 0.795 HaL'r-Ci-.t BHXH-,'-^.>en dia NLD 0.534 Anh hirung xa hoi cua BHXH tU ngu\en 0.77: Thu nhap 0.838 Truyen ihong - 0.816 Chinh sach BHXH iUngu\en 0.822 Y thiJc trach nhiem cua NLD 0.903 Quyet dinh tham gia BHXH lif ngu>en 0.84" van d^, nhl/: trinh hgc van nhan Ihrfc xa hgi, \ iec lam bap benh thu nhap thap Trf dg NLD chrfa xem BHXH la mgt nhu can cap thiet PHaONC PHAP NGHIEN CLfU T^ng quan nghifen ciju NguySn Ngoc Thu Thao (20171 da khao sat 360 mau vdl phrfdng phap nghien crfu dinh Irfdng sau kiem dinh mo hinh b'ang each phan tich trfong quan phan tich h6i quy tac gia da chi co nhan to anh hrfdng den qu> et dinh tham gia BHXH nJ nguyen cua ngrfdi buon ban nho le uai tinh Ben Tre g5m: Thai do; Kien thrfe; K> \ gng ctia gia dinh; Trach nhiem dao ly; Rtii ro cam nhan Thu nhap; va Tuoi Huynh Minh Dat (2016) da khao sat 139 NLD bang bang hoi va sau x i ly sg lieu drfa mo Mnh hoi quv chinh thrfe ket luan rang, cac nhan to; Nhan thrfe ASXH; Thai do; Hieu biet ve BHXH nl nguyen; Anh hrfSne xa hoi; t h u nhap; v a Tmyen thong co anh hrfdng den quyet dinh tham gia BHXH nl nguv en cua NLD tai dia phrfdng Le Canh Bich Tho Trrfdng Thi Thanh Tam Vo Van Tuan (2017) da khag sat bang each phgng van theg bang cau hoi cau mJc vdi 207 dap vien sgng uii quan etia TP Can Tho lit- Ninh Kieu Bmh Thtlv v a Cat Rang Ket qua nghien crfu chg thav flnh nang srfc khoe gidi tinh tnnh d6 hoc V an tuyen ffuven va sg lan kham chrfa benh co anh hrfdng de'n quyet drfih raua BHYT nl nguyen cua ngrfdi dan , Nohien crfu cua XeuNen Xuan Crfdng va nhom n.hiln crfu (2014) cho tha'v nhan tg co tac dfac de'n quvet dtnh tham gia BHXH trf nguv en: Tha, k v Kong'gia dinh; Srf quan tam den srfc khge vJ "la'; Trach nhiem dao ly; Kiem soat hanh vi; Kien thrfe \ BHXH ttf nguyen; vit Tuv en tmyen Shurona Han (2014) cho ring, ngrfdi nhap erf san san" Iham'eia bao hie'm ne'u nhin thay ldi ich cua ho 14 De chinh sach bao hiim cila ngtf«i " M ctf cd hieu quj phai tang -'^^"- -'".^' sat trons vie thrfe hien chlnh ' '^ tu^en tmvin nhUn chg z0o^ n»9P ctf' b :- vi hieu chinh sach cBinn nu eu mons muon cua NLfi i p rfnc o nu ciL cia NLD itonf quaciiinh^-;^" Phtftfnsphap nahienciJu Cac 'Sc -!- du'a "jen S ±^}^^ ^^^ dons ho-p IV • TR.A I \ a Iy i.-.-u; ei h.nn % i dtf dinh 'TPBI ^6} mo! so bien ^0J110 rons de giai ihich cho qu>et dinh iDani eia'BHJffl ttf nguyen ciii \XD- Theo mo hinh nghien ctfu dtfdc de xuat „„ nhtf sau: ppc^ -fiA; -fJX.- AA\ - fiX, ^ f Trong 36: - ^"- (^^ a linh iham da BHXH ttfngu> ca - X X- X X X X X, X, X.: Cac nhan lo anh htfcfng dea qu\ ei dinh tham gia BHXH rtf ngmen ciJa XLD: Nhan"thtfc \e iinh \SXH cua BJ^XH ttf nguyen: Thai do: Hieu biet ve BHXH rtf ngu\en: A-nh htfdng xa hgi; Thu nhap: Truyen ihong: Ky yong gia dinh: Y thtfc stfc khoe ve gia va trach nhiem dao 1>' De CO s6 lieu njhien ctfu ckc lie gia da thtfc hien khao vii 3% figuSi dan iren dia ban TP Tra Vinh diam gia BHXH n/ ngu\en So phieu phat la 300 phieu da dirdc thu Li 2S5 phieu S::U '•::" loai bo phieu Ui6r>^ hop le kei qua co 2"9 mau dat \eu LJU S'^ mJu na\ se dtfdc tieo hanh xu" 1\ va phan tich vdi stf trd giiip cua phan mem xtf ly dfl lieu SPSS 20- Thdi gian kh^o ^ i tCf r.gl\ 15 i)~25/05'2019 KETQLASCHIENCCL Kiem dinh tm cay cda ihang Trtfdc -.-J! -hifc hien phan iich he vo ttfdng quan \-a h6i qu\ iLc ;:„ e -:em dinh lin ca\ cua cic "-_-; *,-• j phan iich nhan to khi'M -.- 'EFAi thong qua he so Cronbacl"" - Aioni Kei qui cho tha\ la'i ca cic -.- ^r.^ io d^u co he so Cronbach - MphL > : • Ban" 1, nen cac-.hang Jo e- : 1' ^ ^\\\^ Nax.iaLOthe - - ^ : " : i a"cbif,s, liep theo HL da Phan Tlf kei H-HFJ lat ca cac bicn : - ^ lap va bien pnu BANG 2: MA TRAN HE SO TCTdNG QQAN Y ) H e so'tiTcfng q u a n P e a r s o n X Sig (2-tai!ed) N H e s d Wdng q u a n P e a r s o n X6 Sig (2-tailed) N He sdiifdng quan P e a r s o n X5 Sig (2-iailed) N He so tifdng q u a n P e a r s o n XI Sig (2-tailed) N H e so'tu'dng quan P e a i s o n X7 Sig (2-iLiilcd) N H e sotUOng quan Pearson X3 Sig (2-lailed) N H e s d tirdng quan Pear.son X2 Sig (2-tailed) N H e s d tu'dng quan Pearson X4 Sig, (2-tailed) N X7 X3 X2 X4 0,384'• 0,546- 0.484" 0,122" 523'" 0.238" 126' 0.530' 0,000 0.000 0,000 0,042 0.000 0,000 0.036 279 279 279 279 279 279 279 279 279 0.384" 0,087 0,183" 0,043 0.165'" 0,076 0.006 0.150' 0.012 Sig ( - l a i l e d ) N XI X5 X6 X8 Y H e s o iifrtng q u a n P e a r s o n 0.000 0.000 0,i49 0.002 0.470 0.006 0,205 0.922 279 279 279 279 279 279 279 279 279 'i46"' 0.087 0,150' -0.059 0,514" 0,138- -0,106 0.408" 0.000 0,149 0.012 0,323 0.000 0,021 0.077 0.000 279 279 279 279 279 279 279 279 279 0.484' 0.183" 0.150' 0.024 0,113 0.101 -0.036 0,46 !•• 0,000 0.002 0,012 0.686 0.060 0.094 0.796 0,000 279 279 279 279 279 279 279 279 279 0.122' 0,043 -0,059 0,024 0,009 -0,072 0.174"" -0,026 0,042 0,470 0,323 0,686 0,879 0.229 0,003 0,663 279 279 279 279 279 279 279 279 279 0,523" 0.165" 0,514** 0.113 0,009 0,113 -0,067 0,308" 0,000 0,006 0,000 0,060 0,879 0.060 0.267 0.000 279 279 279 279 279 279 279 279 279 0,238*' 0,07(1 0,138' 0.101 -0,072 0.113 0.027 0,121' 0,000 0,205 0,021 0,094 0,229 0.060 0.657 0,043 279 279 279 279 279 279 279 279 279 0,126* 0,006 -0,106 -0.016 -0.067 0.027 -0,035 0,036 0,922 0,077 0,796 0,003 0.267 0.657 279 279 279 279 279 279 279 279 279 0.408' 0,46 r * -0,026 0,308" 0,121' -0.035 0,530"" 0,150 0.174 0,561 0.000 0,012 0,000 0,000 0,663 0,000 0,043 0.561 279 279 279 279 279 279 279 279 279 "* Tuang quan cd y nghta d mi'lcO.OI (2-railed) '^ Tifang quan co v nghia d 0,05 (2-lailed) Can ciT vao he so' ttfdng quan (Pearson) dat mtfc y nghia 0,05, kiem dinh he so' ttfdng quan dimg de kiem tra moi lien he tuye'n tinh chat che gitfa cac bie'n doc lap va bien phu thuoc va nhan dien van de da cong tuye'n cac bie'n dpc lap ttfdng quan manh vdi Sau kiem dmh phia, ta co ke't qua dtfdc neu d Bang Ke't qua tho'ng ke cho tha'y, ta't ca cac bie'n dgc lap ma Iran co he so' ttfdng quan Pearson daodong tii 0,546 de'n 0,122 va cac gia tri Sig mo'i lien he deu nho hdn 0,01 Rieng gia tn Sig moi x4 = (x^.+x.>x;,^)/3 • lien he Nhan thtfc ve ASXH co Sig = 0,042 va Thai X5 = (X,i+ X,,+ X_,-i- X,^-H X )/5 cua NLD co Sig = 0,036, nen cac gia tri deu X6 = (x„ + x;,+ x;,;,-h x^^^+x^^-^ x _CO y nghia ve mat thong ke, vdi dp tm cay tren 95% -l-XJ/7 Nhtf vay, ta't ca cac bie'n doc lap deu co quan he ttfdng X7 = (X,, + X,,-!- X„-f X^^+ X, )15 quan tuye'n tinh vdi bien phu thuoc, cac bien doc lap X8 = {X^, + X^,-H X^, + X,, + X,,^ -1- X,, dat gia tri phan biet co nhieu kha nang giai thich cho +X„+X,J/8 bien phu thuOc Y = (Y, + Y,-HY,-I-Y^)/4 tai nhan to deu ldn hdn 0,5 va deu dtfdc gitf lai cho btfdc phan tich tiep theo De phan tich ttfdng quan, tac gia tien hanh tinh trung binh cdng cua cac bie'n tren phan mem SPSS 20 nhtf sau' XI = {X -H X,,-H X.,-1- X, + X,,-H XJ16 X2 = (X,,-HX,.-HX,3+X,^)/4 X3 = ( X ; + X ; > X ; , - H X ; J / Economy and Forecasl Review 15 BANG 3: MCfC DO GIAI THJCH CGA MO HINH R^ hiSu chlnh Bi^n doc ldp XI.X2 Sai sS chu^n cua ti&c Itf^g X3.X-I.X5.X6.X7.X8 \b Bien phu iliiidc Y BANG 4: McTC DO PHCI H0P CGA MO HINH T^ng cSc binh phtfcftig Trung binh binh phtfifng a Bien phu thuoc: Y b Bien doc lap: XI.X2 X3.X4.X5.X6.X7.X8 BANG 5: KET QGA HE SO HOI QGY BQI VA THONG KE DA CQNG TGYEN Mo hinh Chtfa chu^n hoa B DO l#ch chuSV Chu^n hoa Beta Kilm dinhTstudent Mtfc y nghia thS^ng k€ Sig PhSn tich da c$ng tuvS'n H ^ s d phong dai DQ chSfp nbSn phtfttag sai VIF cua biS'n (Hang so) -0,077 0,172 -0,446 0,656 X8 0.125 0,020 0.228 6.234 0,000 0,940 1,064 X6 0,187 0,027 0,299 6,831 0,000 6.S5 1,526 1,302 X5 0.151 0.022 0,284 7,035 0.000 0.768 XI 0,070 0,024 0,104 2.875 0.004 0.956 1,046 X7 0,152 0.247 5.886 0,000 0.708 1.412 X3 0,061 0.026 0,021 0.107 2.962 0.003 0.961 1.040 X2 X4 0.109 0.087 0,024 0.162 4,471 0,000 0.957 1.045 0.023 0.162 3.717 0.000 0.658 i,520 Phan tich mo hinh h6i quy Kiem dinh mitc d^ gidi Ihich ciia mo hinh Ke't qua Bang cho Ihay, R- hieu chinh la 0.652 nho hdn R" la 0,662, chii'ng to mo hinh hot qny phti hop vdl dif lieu mii'c 0,652 Nhu' vay, cac bie'n doc lap dUa vao chay hoi qny anh hiring tdi 65,2'5'r sir thay doi ciia bien phu thuoc, cdn lai 34,8% sif bie'n thien ctia bien phu thugc Y la cac nhan ttf khac khongcd mo Mnh Ben canh dd, hB so' Durbin-Watson cho bie't mo hinh cd hien tifdng tU tudng quan hay khong? NCu (i < Durbin-Watsdn < 3), thi khong cd hien nfdng tif tifdng quan Difa vad ke't qua Bang 3, thi Durbm-Watsdn = 2,035 nam doan (I < Durbin-Watson < 3) Nhif vSy, Mo hmh khong cd hien tifdng tif tudng quan Idem dinh miic dg phii hi/p mo hinh (Adjusted R Square ANOVA) Bang cho tha'y gia tri (Sig = O.OOOb < 0.051 Nhif \-iy cd md'i quan he giii'a cac bie'n ddc lap (Xi ^•ai 16 bie'n phu thupc (Y) Hay ndi each khac, mo hinh hdi guy phu hdp vdi tap dif lieu va CO the sii' dung difdc Kiem dinh hifn tilifng da cong tuyen (Multiple Collinearity) Bang cho thay: - Md hinh h6i quy bdi d tren khdng xay hien tu'dng da cong tuye'n vl cac he so VIF < dd chap nhan (he sd' Tdlerance) nho hdn - Cac nhan td' XI, X2 X3 X4 X5 X6, X7 X8 cd he sd' hdi quj (Beta) > va sig < 0,05, nen dat dieu l