TAP cui CONS THIfdNG ANH Hl/CfNG CUA DU LICH DEN CUOC SONG CUA NGl/Cfl DAN TREN DIA BAN TP TRA VINH, TINH TRA VINH • LE QUI THANH - MAI THUY DUNG - N G U Y I N TAN THANH TOM TAT: Day Id mdl nghien cffu nh^m dieu tra anh hffdng cua du lich den cupc sd'ng cua ngffdi dan (CSND) tren dia biin TP Tra Vinh tmh Tra Vinh Ket qua cho thay, du lich cd tac ddng tich cu'c den CSND tai ndi day Ne'u xet rieng tffng nhdm dd'i vdi cdc bie'n cu the nhff: Mdi trffdng Vdn hda Thu nhap cung dffdc ngffdi dan ddnh gia la tich cu'c va hdn he't nd cd tde dOng ty le thuan de'n sff nhan dinh chung ve CSND dffdi anh hffdng cOa du lich, ma dd viin hda anh hffdng nhieu nhii't Ket qua cua nghien cffu nii> se la cd sd cho cdc ddn vi cd lien quan dffa nhffng giai phdp giup cii thien chat Iffdng CSND 'Tii khoa: Du lich cudc sd'ng ngffdi dan tinh Tra Vinh, mdi trffdng, thu nhap, vdn hda LDat vande Tra Vinhcd nhieu tiem nang va ldi the'de phat inen du lieh Mdi trffdng iff nbien tuv cdn hoang sd nhffng rat thich hdp de khdch du lich kham pha trai nghiem Qud trinh hinh thiinh vii phat trien cua eac dan tpc tinh Tra Vmh gan lien vdi cac dac diem smh sdng, lao ddng van hda chtia chien va tdn guio Tff dd, tao nen nhffng phong tuc tap quan rat phong phu va da dang ciia ngffdi dan ndi da> Dd la nhffng iai nguyen quan trpng de tinh Tra Vinh ngav eang phdt trien du lieh Bdng hinh thffc phdng va'n nga'n khoang 30 ngffdi dan ve anh hffdng ciia du lich vdi ddi sd'ng Clia hp tren nhdm ddi tffdng la ehu cac cd sd boat ddng du Uch v ii ngffdi dan dang sinh sd'ng, hpc tap tai dia phffdng Kel qua cho tha'y ea nhdm deu ed mdt nhan dinh chung la du lich cd anh hffdng trffc tie'p den ddi sd'ng ciia hp ca lich effc va tieu eife Nhffng thffc le' phat sinh chi nhffng ddi tffdng ed cd sd hoai ddng kinh doanh mdi hffdng ldi nhuan tff du lich cdn nhffng ngffdi dan dia phffdng ndi chung thi ddi sdng cdn ha'p benh Nsihien cffu anh hffdng eiia Du lich ddi vdi cudc sdng ngffdi dan dia phffdng lii riil quan trpng va cap 112 So 3-Thang 2/2020 thie'l, bdi vi chinh nhffng ngffdi dan dia phffdng ]^ lmh hon, la ye'u to' quan trpng viec thu hdi du khach, va ho cung ddng vai trd quan trpng viec phdt Irie'n du lich ben vffng Tong quan tinh hinh nghl§n ci?u Du lich la mdt nganh cdng nghidp phffc tap No cd tde dpng ca tich cffe va lieu cu'c, boac tham chl la hdn hdp Tuy nhien, iff quan diem qud'c gia, khu vffc hodc quy hoaeh dia phffdng, du lich nen hh trd phal trien CSND [7], Du lich cd nhieu hinh dang vi hinh thffc nhff xa hpi van hda, kinh te' vd moi trffdng, da lam thay ddi nen kinh te'- xa hpi d nhi^u nffdc dang phat trien [3] Du Iich la mot ITnh vffc da nganh, la mdl phffdng lien trao doi kinh le^, xa hOi va van hda, nd cd nhieu khia canh va loai hinh [61 Tang trffdng du Iich mang lai nhffng ldi ich kinh le dangke nhff tao viec lam vd thu nhap bo sung cic3 ndi ma ngffdi dan de'n va ndi ma ngffdi dan sinh so'ng [2] Dd cung la mdt nganh gay nhieu hSu qua ve mdi trffdng va xa hoi Y\ va> mdt sd'it nhi nghien cffu da giai quyel anh hu'dng cua du Ijch de'n nang cao cha't Iffdng cude sd'ng nhff: Cohen, (1978); Gursoy, Jurowski, & Uvsal, (2002); Kim (2002) QUANTR!-QUANLY Phat tricn du Iich se cd them nguon thu bo sung dinh dffdng cho cdc bffa an nudi ban than va gia dinh cua ngffdi lam du lich cai thien cupc sd'ng ciia ngffdi ngheo vii nang cao dan tri the lffc cho cdng dong dan cff |8| Sff hlnh cua du lich sinh thai vffa ddpffngdffdc nhu cau nghi dffdng, giai tri, vffa dam bao dffdc ngudn tai nguyen thien nhien, giff cho mdi trffdng sach va giai quye't dffdc va'n dc kinh ic' cho ngffdi dan dia phffdng, gdp phan phdt trien kinh te diit nffdc [9] Du lich phdt trien ide dpng de'n nhieu linh vffc khde, dd cd ddi sd'ng vdn hda - xa hpi Ddi sd'ng van hda - xa hdi dffdc cai thien nhffng cdc vdn hda ngoai lai cung se ldc ddng de'n edc ban lang vung dan ldc 110] Phffdng phap nghidn cd'u Tde gia lien hanh he thd'ng boa cac cd sd ly luan lien quan den anh hffdng cua Du lieh dd'i vdi CSND Sd'lieu sff dung nghien cffu dffdc Ihu thap tff mpt eude dieu tra bdng bang eiiu hoi, dd'i tffdng thu ihap dff lieu la nhffng ngffdi dan hd ddn dang sinh sd'ng, hpc tap va lam viec tai TP Trii Vinh tinh Tra Vinh Chung tdi xay dffng mdt bdng cau hdi vdi 20 bie'n quan sat, Thang Likci I 'i mffc dp dffde sff dung de Iffdng cae bie'n ve "Mdi irffdng sd'ng" "Van hda" va "Thu nhap" Trong dd, bie'n Hen quan de'n dnh hffdng du lieh, dcn CSND ndi chung cung dffde dffa vao bang cau hdi Cdc ihang dau tien dffdc ddnh gid bdng phffdng phap phan ticb tin cay Do tin cay cua ihang dffdc danh gid bang phffdng phap nhii't hodn npi lai thdng qua he so' Cornbach's Alpha Cdc ihang dat yeu cau ve dp tin cay se dffdc dffa viio phan tich nhan to' kham phd, de nit gpn mpt tap gom nhieu bie'n quan sat sff dung de kiem dinh khai niem cua thang Cac nhan to'dffdc rut gpn se cd y nghia hdn nhu'ng van chffa dffng hdu het ndi dung thdng tin ciia tap bie'n quan sdt han dau Sau dd phffdng phap phan tich hdi quy luyen tinh dffdc sff dung de kiem chffng cac nhan Id' "Anh hffdng ciia Du lich de'n CSND" Cdng eu Ihdng ke dffde su" dung de phan lich dff lieu cho nghien cffu luiv la SPSS 21 Ke't qua nghien cii'u Vdi 200 bang cau hdi da dffdc gffi de'n ngffdi dan hp ddn mdl each ngSu nhien Khi thu lai cd phieu khdng hdp le 198 quan sdt hdp le dffdc sff dung nghien effu, chie'm 99% long so' bang eau hdi dffa Bang md ta nhan khau hpc cua ngffdi tra ldi dffdc tdm td't nhff Bang Bang Bang mo td nhan khau hoc Bien khao sat Thu^c ttnh So luong Nam 105 53,0 NO 93 47,0 Gioi tinh Dan tpc Tyl#% Kinh 160 80,8 Khmer 32 16,2 Hoa 3,0 Dudi 20 13 6,6 Tu 20 den 34 76 38,4 Til 35 den 49 81 40,9 Tren 50 28 14,1 Doc than 60 30,3 Da CO gia dinh 138 69,7 Chua CO viec lam 18 9,1 26 13,1 Do tuoi Tinh trang hon nhan Cdng chue, vien ChUc Kmh doanh, budn Nghe nhiep ban Trinh Thdi gian luu tru 64 32,3 Cdng nhan 24 12,1 Ndng dan 1,5 Khac 63 31,8 Dudi cap 1,0 Trung cap, Cac dang 47 23,7 Dai hoc 105 53,0 Sau dai hdc 44 22,2 Dudi nam 1,5 15 7,6 180 90,9 TO den nam Tren nam NgiiSn: Ket qud xd ly sdlieu dieu ira, 2019 Ket qua phiin tich dff lieu cho tha'y gia In trung binh cdc bie'n khd cao Gid tri trung binh thii'p nha't la 4,2 va gia tri cao nha't la 4,5 Rd rang, dieu la hdp ly ngffdi dan danh gia du lich cd anh hu'dng de'n CSND d mffc trung binh va cao Vdi 20 bien quan sat sau thffc hien kiem tra dp tin cay cd 19 bie'n dffdc chap nhan cho phan lich So 3-Thang 2/2020 113 TAPCHiCdNGTBKONE tiep theo Trong nghien effu niiv gia tri Cornbach's Alpha da tinh cho ta'l ca edc tv lc la O.S>2 Do dp tin eay cua nghien effu la idi dieu eo nghTa I& dff lieu dffdc ihu thap bang thang Liken Id dang tin eav Ke't qua kiem dinh KMO va Barllett's Tesi = 0.81 > 0.50 (He sd Sig = 0.000 < 0.05) cho tha'y cac tieu ehi cd lien quan vdi va ed >' nghia Vj the viec sff dung md hinh nhiin id dc gom nhdm cde bie'n la thieh hdp Kei qua kiem dnih KMO vii Bartlett's Test cho tha'y irong Bang Theo ke't qua dieu tra v ii phiin lieh khufln kho ciia nghien cffu nay, ta ed the ke't luan Du lich anh hffdng de'n CSND dffdc tao tff nhom nhan id': Mdi irffdng sd'ng van hda thu nhap, ket qua dffdc the hien qua bang ma tran xoay Bang va Biing Bang He so KMO and Bartlett's Test Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy Approx ChiSquare Bartleti's Test of Sphencity Bang Bang m a trqn xoay c u a c a c nhan t d Component Nhdm nhan td Ddi song hanh phue han ,909 Cac loai thue, phi khac 893 Viec lam cho cu dan ,818 Bao tdn van hoa 813 Ou hch anh hudng den cupc sd'ng ,668 1 i - •-] ,798 ,773 Du l|ch phat tnen thi ddi sdng phat tnen theo ,769 Thu nhap ca nhan ,710 1 -^ A Khai thac van hda ,837 Cu dan tff noi khac den luu tnj ,821 Du lich lac dong den moi mat ,703 ' ' ,770 Tinh trang xa hpi khu vuc ,731 ,664 Nhflng ngudi ciing sinh sd'ng 434 Ve smh moi trudng khu vUc ^819^ Caeh thu gom rac thai Irong khu vuc ,653 Du khach lu noi khac den tham quan ,500 N.gii6It Ki't ijiui xii M So 3-Ttidng 2/2020 1 ::::| Thu nhap gia dinh Ddi sdng lam imh ^^] I Chi phi cho cac nhu cau vui choi giai tri An nmh khu vuc j / ,-, ,• flieu tra 2019 QDAN TRj-qUANLY Bang Cupc sdng c u a ngUdi ddn chju dnh hudng c u a du ljch Chl tieu Diem tnjng binh Moi tnidng Mffc d$ anh hffcing Tich cue An ninh khu vyc NhOng ngudi cung sinh sdng 4.28 Tich cue V§ smh mdi trudng khu vuc 4.38 Tich cyc Caeh thu gom rac thai khu vyc 4.31 Tich cue Cu dSn tff noi khac den luu tru 4.40 Tich cyc Du khach Ifl noi khac den tham quan 4.23 Tich ci/c Tinh trgng xa hpi khu vyc 4.41 Tich cyc 2.V3n hoa 4.43 Tich cue Ddi sdng tam lmh 4.54 Tich cue Bao ton van hda 4.32 Tich cue Khai thac van hda 4.42 Tich cyc 3.Thu nh9p 4.34 Tich cue Thu nhapca nhan 38 Tich cyc Thu nhap gia dinh 4.36 Tich cyc Vific lam cho cu dan 30 Tich cyc Chi phi cho cac nhu cau vui chdi, giai tri 4.35 Tich cyc Cac logi thue, phi khac Tich cue NhSn dmh chung ve anh hUdng cua du lich Tich cflc Ngudn: Kel qud xd ly sdlieu dieu tra 2019 Kcl quii phan tich tren cho tha'y, ngffdi dan tren dia biin TP Tra Vmh, tinh Tra Vinh nhan dinh du lieh lac ddng tieh eifc de'n eupe sd'ng cua hp Ne'u xel rieng tffng nhdm dd'i vdi cdc bie'n cu the cung dffde ngffdi dan danh gid la tich cu'c Cd diJeic dieu la ngffdi dan sd'ng khu vffc du hch nhu eau xua't hien nhieu hdn nen viec budn ban vii kiem vice lam dl dang hdn, cff dan chi can chiu lam Ihi mffc thu nhap tff cd nhan de'n gia dinh da Idng len qudn an quay bdn qua lffu niem cung xuiil hien nhieu nhdm dap ffng nhu cau cho du khdeh dem lai nhieu Idi ich cho ngffdi dan ddi sdng ciing dffde nang cao Khi du lich xua't hien y thffc bao ve tai nguyen du lich, bao ve mdi trffdng \c sinh mdi irffdng cua dia phu'dng cang dffdc nang cao de du khdch va ngoai nffdc cd ed hdi chiem ngffdng v e dep eOa dia phffdng De xac dinh CSND tren dia ban TP Tra Vinh, tinh Tra Vinh ehiu anh hffdng cua cac nhan Id'nao tff du lich? Nhdm tac gia sff dung mo hinh Hoi quy tuye'n tinh bdi vdi bie'n phu thupc la Nhan dinh chung ve cudc sd'ng dffdi anh hffdng cua du Iich va bie'n dpc lap la cdc nhan Jd': Mdi trffdng Van hda, Thu nhap Ke't qua hoi quy dffdc the hien qua Bang Phffdng trinh hoi qu}' tujen tinh bdi xem xet sff anh hffdng eua eac nhan td'anh hffdng ciia du lich de'n CSND eho tha'y cac bien ve Mdi trffdng Van hda, Thu nhap ed ldc dpng ty le thuan de'n sff nhan dinh chung ve cudc sd'ng dffdi anh hffcfng cua du lich, dd, nhan td ve Van hda anh hffdng nhidu nha'l Ke't qua cho thav md hinh cd y nghTa va md hinh se giai thich dffde 63.87r sff bie'n ddng ciia cudc sons chung So 3-Thang 2/2020 115 TAP CBi CdNG TlinfNG Bang Ket qud kiem djnh hdi quy 11: Nh$n dinh liung c ve anh hudnQ cua du l|ch Bien pliu thu$c Bien doc lap XV Mdl Trudng X2 Van Hda X3: Thu nhap R2 hieu ctiinh [Z - 0,638 Durbin - Watson 2,060 Gia tn F 116,934 Gia tri P (Sig ) 0,000 J J Tolerance VIF 0,211 0,771 1,296 0,000 0,568 1,760 0,663 1,508 Cac bien doc lap B T Sig, HSng so 392 1,530 0,128 MOI tnJdng 0,074 1,255 VSn hoa 0,247 4,242 Thu nhap 0,582 11,622 0,000 Niiiii'iii Kl' / (/;(,; 17? iy si1 iii'tt tlieii Int 2019 Ke't luSn Kcl qu.i Clia nghien effu niiy eho iha'y du Heh anh hffdng tieh cffe de'n CSND tren dia ban TP Trii Vinh iinh Tra Vinh ihdng qua ede bie'n ve Mdl irffdng Van hda Thu nhap Nhffng ngffdi dan dffde hdi da khdng dinh manh me rdng du lieh cd nhieu anh hffdng de'n CSND Du lich pbdl Iricn sc liim eho eude sd'ng ddi sd'ng cila hp phdt incn theo ne'u du Ijeh khdng phdt trien hodc ch.im hay kem phdt tnen kel qua se ngffdc lai Kcl Ljua cua nghien cffu niiv cung iffdng ffng vdi eac ke'i qua eiia edc nghien cffu trffdc; MeCool v;i Martin (1994) khdng dinh rang muc dieh cua phdt irien du lich la viec niing cao CSND dia phffdng va cdng ddng; Kim (2002) ke't tuan la mpl ndi niio dd trd Ihanh die'm de'n du ljch thi ddi sd'ng cua ngffdi dan irong cdng dong bi anh hffdng bdi du hch, sff hd trd cua ngffdi dan la ra't quan trpng dd'i vdi cdc hoaeh dinh, sff phdi trien ben vii'ng cua du ljch Ddi sd'ng cua ngffdi dan nen la moi quan liim chu ye'u cua nhieu nha lanh dao cpng dong (Aref, 20l())l T.MMEl IHVMKHVO: I Cohen E (1^78) Impact oJ lounsm cm ilie physical environmeni Annals of Tounsm Re.seaich 5(2) 215-237 Delibasic R Karlsson P Dmusso A Rodriguez A., & Yliruusi, H (2008) Qualiiy of life and lemrism in Bmlec sko Reiiieved January, 5.2011 Godlies K tC Clarke J (2000) The lourism developmenl handbook A practiced approach lo planning and inarktiin:; Umchn Ccmiinuum Gurso\ D Jurowski C tt iysul TouiismR,s,oreh.29ill 79-105 M 12002) Resident aUilueles: A siruciurcd modelling approach Annals of kim K l20