Yếu tố tâm lý trong lãnh đạo, quản lý

NGHlfiN ClTU - TRAO BOI lanh d^o, quan ly THANH TUYEN DINH PHONG T am ly la su phan anh cua hien thuc khich quan vao y thfle eon ngudi, bao gdm nhan thfle, tinh cam, y chf v.v , bilu hien boat ddng va cfl ehi cua mdi ngudi (Tfl diin Tieng Viet, Vien Ngon ngu hpc, 2001) Theo Dai Tfl dien Tieng Viet (NXB Van hda Thdng tin, 1998) thi: Lanh dao la din dit, td chfle phong trao theo dudng loi eu the; quan ly la td ehflc dilu khien boat ddng cua mdt don vj; mdt eo quan Hoat dpng lanh dao, quan ly la su tie dpng cua chu the lanh dao, quan ly din cic ddi tupng nhim bien ddi true tie'p ddi tupng theo nhimg mue tieu lanh dao, quan ly nhdt djnh Nhan cich eiia cin bd lanh dao, quan ly cac cdp hien d nude ta dudi gdc nhin eua tam ly hpe ehfla dung nhflng pham chat tdt dep eiia ddn tde Viet Nam, giiip hp tien hanh cd hieu qua nhiem vu ma Dang, Nha nudc va nhdn ddn giao eho Co che quan ly kinh te thi trudng vdi cac quy luat khach quan da hinh d hp nhiing phim chit tam ly tuong flng Da sd ed ban linh ehinh tri vung vang, trung vdi sy nghiep each mang cua Dang; cd tu ddi mdi, ndng ddng lanh dao, dilu hanh cdng viec, tfch IQy dupe nhilu kinh nghiem cac linh vuc ehinh tri, kinh tl, van hoi-xa hdi, an ninh-qud'c phdng Khdng ft can bd lanh dao, quan ly vuon len dap flng yeu ciu hdi nhdp kinh te' qude te Hien nay, d nude ta phdn Idn can bd cac cap dupe bd tri, sfl dung diing ehuyen nganh dao tao Da so can bd dupe bd nhiem, bd tri vao cac vi tri lanh dao, quan ly da va dang the hien nang luc tri tue eiia minh thdng qua boat dpng lanh dao, quan ly hing Du d linh vue cdng tae nao, khdng ft can bd lanh dao, quan ly the hien viec vdn dung hieu biet vl tdm ly, sfl dung yeu td tam ly hoat dpng cua minh Qua viec hpc tap va lam theo tam guong dao dfle Hd Chi Minh eho thay, mdi bai hpc ve Bae, mdi viec lam ciia Bac dii Idn hay nhd cung diu la bai hpc tam ly sau sic, giiip eho can bd, dang vien nang cao ky nang, hieu qua cong tac ndi chung va lanh dao, quan ly ndi rieng Vf nhu eupe gap gd mpt ddng chf can bd trung doan, Bae da giao due mdt each sau sic ve tam ly Bac ndi: "Nudc ndng, ca ehii va tdi diu khdng ud'ng dupe Khi ehii ndng, ea chien si eua ehu va ea toi eung khong tiep thu dupe Hda nha, diim dam eung nhu cdc nudc ngudi dl ud'ng, dl tiep thu hen" Hoac mdt tinh hudng khac, Bae Hd da ndi: "Da hen thi phai den, den cho dung gid, dpi trdi thi biet den nao? Tha ehi mpt minh Bae va mdt vai chii nfla chju udt, edn hon de eho ea Idp hpe phai ehd udng edng!" Nhflng viec lam, suy nghi eua Bae da ed tic ddng sau sic, cd tic dung giao due den cap dudi, gdp phin tao nen tim guong sang dl mpi ngudi noi theo VI nang lue td chfle cua ngudi can bd lanh dao, quan ly, thue tiin cho thdy: Khdng ft xay dung Ding $61-2010 49 NGHlfiN CLfU - TRAO Ex5l ngudi thi hien dupe nang luc td chfle, sip xdp nhdn lue gudng miy, dupe tbi hien d ky nang nhan thfle vin dl, thu thap va xfl ly thdng tin, hoach djnh eae phuong in giai quyet vin dl, lua chpn phuong in tdi uu va quyet djnh, td chfle bd miy, dinh gia, dao tao, bdi dudng, bd tri va sfl dung ngudi Kha nang chuyen mdn gidi cdn thi hien d kha nang danh gii nang luc lim viec eua cdp dudi va phit huy dupe kha nang ehuyen mdn cua hp d mflc tdi da Cin bd lanh dao, quan ly gidi phai tam ly, hieu thiu dupe tam tu, nguyen vpng ciia ngudi lao ddng Ddng chf Kim Ngpc, nguyen Bf thu Tinh uy Vinh Phu la mdt ngudi nhu thi Thdi ky bao cap, hpp tic xa ndng nghiep nude ta dang boat ddng khdng hieu qua, dng da thue hien khoin hd va timg phat bilu: "That ra, day la nguyen vpng cua ngudi ndng dan mudn dupe lam ehu manh rudng cua minh, chfl khdng chung cha din din tinh trang cha ehung khdng khde" Phai chang dng Kim Ngpc da nim bit, thiu bilu tam tu nguyen vpng eua ngudi ndng dan - dd chinh la ydu td tam ly da giup dng thue hien quyet tam eua minh ddi vdi viec "ddi mdi ndng nghiep" Ong dupe truy tang Huan ehupng Hd Chi Minh Trong edng tie can bd, ben canh nhiing kit qua dat dupe vin cdn nhilu ban chi phai quan tam giai quyet Hdi nghj Trung uong 9, khda X ehi rd: Trong nam, tfl 2003 de'n 2007 ed 16.314 can bd, edng chfle thdi viec, tap trung chu ye'u d linh vue y tl, giio due d cic dja phuong (ehie'm 88,7%) Cd 310 ngudi gifl chfle vu lanh dao thdi viec (chiem 1,9%) Hien d nudc ta, ngudn cin bd quan ly bae cao ehi dapflngkhoang 30-40% nhu ciu eua cic cdng ty Mdt bd phan can bd ehu quan, tu man, bao thu, tri tre, mic benh tich; sd khic thilu tam huylt vdi edng viec, thilu guong miu, ndi nhilu lam it, ndi khdng di ddi vdi lam; lgi dung chfle quyln dl vun ven lpi ich ea nhan Dang ta nhan djnh: Mdt bd phan can bd, dang vien, kl ca mdt sd can bd chu ehdt, ylu kem vl 50 xay dung Ding s61-2010 phim chit va nang lue, vfla thie'u tfnh tien phong, guong miu, vfla khdng du trinh dd hoan thinh nhiem vu Ngoai ra, anh hudng eua nhiing quan niem phong kie'n "trpng nam khinh nfl", "sd'ng lau len lao ling" tao nen mdt "sfle ep tam ly" ed tfnh tu than Hau qua la gdp phin xay tinh trang "chay mau chdt xam", nhilu cin bd nha nudc bd viec sang lam d khu vue tu nhan, lien doanh vdi nudc ngoai Trong nhilu nguyen nhan eua han ehe ndi tren, cd nguydn nhan viec van dung ydu td tam ly lanh dao, quan ly chua dupe coi trpng, phit huy chua dung mflc, chua kip thdi, chua phu hgp vdi thue tiin edng tie Tham chf, tflng lue, tiing nci, yeu to tam ly lanh dao, quan ly khdng dugc de cap ddn Dae biet, ddi vdi nhirng dja ban ndng thdn, miin nui dpi ngu cin bd cdn thieu va yeu, chua dupe dao tao, bdi dudng ngang tim vdi nhiem vu dupe giao Nlueu cin bd cdn lanh dao, quan ly theo cam tfnh, thie'u tfnh khoa hpe, tam ly Tfl dd anh hudng khdng tdt d ^ hieu qua lam viec cua cip dudi, ket qua boat ddng lanh dao, quan ly Vi vay, cin coi trpng, phit huy yeu to tam ly boat ddng lanh dao, quan ly, coi day la mdt giai phap hiiu hieu phat huy nhan td ngudi nhim hoan nhiem vu dupe giao Mdt nha lanh dao, quan ly cd nang lue la ngudi ed thi giup nhan vien eua minh cam thiy tu tin vl ban than, tham chi ed thi giup hp lam viec tdt hon mflc hp cd thi lam dupe Mdt nha lanh dao tai nang la ngudi khdng so cip dudi gidi hon minh va phai biet sfl dung cai tai cua cip dudi vao thue hien cd hieu qua edng viec chung, tu "soi" vao cdng su dl nhan chfnh minh Lanh dao, quan ly bilu biet tam ly dem lai nhilu lgi feh, biu khdng lam viec va lam eho eudc sdng dl chiu hon, giam cang thing (stress), tang hieu qua, tang nilm vui cdng vide, tang nang suat cua ea nhan va tap thi Ddng thdi, ngudi can bd lanh dao, quan ly ! (Xem tiSp trang 57) THONG TIN C6NG TAC XAY DLTNG DANG dja ban mua, dpe va lam theo bao, tap chi ciia Dang, kit qua phat hanh bao chf nhin ehung dn djnh, rieng eae bao, tap ehi cua Dang dupe cac co so dat mua tang len (tap ehi Xay dung Dang tang hon 5%) Din nay, eae ehi bd, co quan, don vi d Ha Ddng 98% cd bao Nhan Dan, 98,6% cd bao Ha Ndi Mdi, 76% sd TCCSD ed bao Kinh te dd thj, 96,7% sd dang bd ed tap ehi Cdng san va 96,3% sd dang bd cd tap ehi Xay dyng Dang Quan uy ehi dao eae phudng, xa td ehflc tdt viec dpe va lam theo bao, tap chf cua Dang Cac ddng ehi bf thu va ca'p uy vien d eo sd da coi bao, tap chi cua Dang la "cim nang" cdng tac va hpc tap, lam theo nhirng guong ngudi tdt, viec tdt tren bao chf Tai Hdi nghi, Quan uy Ha Ddng da khen thudng don vj cd tich xua't sic (anh), don vi cd tich tdt viec thyc hien mua dpc va lam theo bao, tap chf cua Dang • Tui, anh: NGO MINH Yeu Jo tam ly Thuc tiin cho tha'y, mdt ngudi lanh dao, quan ly gidi phai la ngudi biet sfl dung, phat huy ngudi khac chfl khdng phai la ngudi ap dat quyln luc eua minh len ngudi khae Phai nim dupe eac ye'u td tam ly quyet dinh, dat minh vao vj tri cua hp dl hieu hp hon, tranh thd o, djnh kiln, phai ddi xfl edng bing vdi mpi ngudi va dae biet la phai tao dupe uy tin tap thi bing ehinh pham chit, nang lye, nhirng suy nghi, hanh dpng diing din eiia minh (Tiep ttieo trang 50) cin phai gidi ehuyen mon, ehi dao thuc hien cd hieu qua eac boat dpng chuyen mdn Ngudi lanh dao phai gidi chuyen mdn khdng cd nghia la giai quylt true tilp mpi van dl vl ehuyen mdn, ma li kha nang danh gia va tim dupe cac giai phap ed hieu qua qua cac trp ly ehuyen mdn hoac cung vdi trp ly ehuyen mdn eua minh Phai biit ddng vien, khuye'n khich, tap hpp dupe nhilu ngudi hang hii lao vao edng viec chung Su tac ddng nay, trudc hit bilu hien kha nang lan truyin nghj lue va y chi cia ban than sang nhilu ngudi khae, khoi day long hang hii va quye't tam d hp Viec lam dd dupe bilu hien qua phuong phap, ndi dung, hinh thfle lua chpn, dao tao eon ngudi ed dii tnnh dp dap flng yeu ciu cdng viee, kha nang thu but, tap hpp mpi ngudi tham gia boat ddng vi mue dfeh chung cua tap thi va xa hdi Dae biet, phai biit cham lo ddi sdng vat cha't, tinh than, ddng vien, khuyen khich ngudi lao ddng, khdng tranh cdng d6 tdi Trong boat ddng eiia mdi don vi, ngudi lanh dao, quan ly khdng chi coi trpng boat ddng chuyen mdn, nghiep vu ma cdn chu y eae boat ddng van hda, van nghe, thi thao, ky niem truyin thdng, da ngoai Bdi dd la mdi trudng tao tam ly thoai mii, biu khdng cdi md, dan ehii, doan kit, giup mpi ngudi xich lai gin hpn, bilu hon, gdp phan tao sfle manh ndi luc De can bp lanh dao, quan ly phat huy dupe ylu td tam ly boat ddng ciia minh, cac chuong tnnh dao tao, bdi dudng cin tang cudng hon nfla thdi lupng eiia mdn "Tam ly hpe" Ddi vdi eae hdi thi "bao cao vien gidi", "tuyen truyin vien phap luat gidi", "hda giai vien gidi", "can bd edng doan gidi", "ehu tich UBND xa, phudng, thj tra'n gidi", "bf thu ehi bd gidi", eac hdi thi hiing bien can bd sung va tang cudng eac ndi dung vl tam ly ndi ehung va tam ly hpe lanh dao, quan ly ndi rieng nhim giup nang cao kiln thfle va ky nang cdng tae Yeu td tam ly lanh dao, quan ly cin phai dupe hpc tap, ren luyen thudng xuyen vi nd khdng phai la viee cua mdt, hai ma dd la ea qua trinh tich luy tfl cupc sdng xa hdi, tfl thue tiin edng tie Dd eung ehinh la yeu ciu khdng thi thieu dl ngudi can bp lanh dao, quan ly hoan tdt nhiem vu eua minh • xay dung Dang $61-2010 57 ... tang Huan ehupng Hd Chi Minh Trong edng tie can bd, ben canh nhiing kit qua dat dupe vin cdn nhilu ban chi phai quan tam giai quyet Hdi nghj Trung uong 9, khda X ehi rd: Trong nam, tfl 2003 de'n... chdt xam", nhilu cin bd nha nudc bd viec sang lam d khu vue tu nhan, lien doanh vdi nudc ngoai Trong nhilu nguyen nhan eua han ehe ndi tren, cd nguydn nhan viec van dung ydu td tam ly lanh dao,... ddi sdng vat cha't, tinh than, ddng vien, khuyen khich ngudi lao ddng, khdng tranh cdng d6 tdi Trong boat ddng eiia mdi don vi, ngudi lanh dao, quan ly khdng chi coi trpng boat ddng chuyen mdn,