Phương thức giải quyết tranh chấp kinh doanh bằng trọng tài thương mại trong hội nhập quốc tế

PHUONGTHUfC GIAI QUYETTRANH CHAP KINH DOANH BANG TRONG TAI THl/ONG MAI TRONG HOI NHAP KINH TE QUOCTE LCCI/ONGKIEN Trong kinh doanh thifcfng mgi, trgng tdi tinfong mgi v^ tif edch Id mpt cO thi gidi quyit tranh chdp ngodi tda dn dd vd dang gdp phdn khdng nhd vdo sif on dinh (da hogt dgng thtfmg mgi Tuy nbien, cho din nay, vdi dgi da so ngifdi ddn vd doanh nghiip Viet Nam, khdi niim ve trgng tdi thuang mgi eon khd mdi md Bdi viit gidi thiiu vithuc trgng phdp ludt vd thae tiin gidi quy& tranh chap thifang mgi bdng trgng tdi thitcmg mgi vd mpt sdggi y nhdm ndng cao hiiu qud eua trgng tdi thtiang mgi thdnh eong eu phdp ly quan trgng, dde life cda doanh nghiep gidi quyit cdetranh chap phdt sinh kinh doanh Tir khda: Kinh doanh, thifdng mgi, tdi thifang mgi doanh ngbiip METHODS OF SETTLING BUSINESS DISPUTES SY \ COIMMERCIAL ARBITRATION IN INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION CONTEXT ttgng tai la thba thuan giiia cac ben ve vige giai quye't b a n g tigng tai tianh chap eb thg' phat sinh hoac da phat sinh " N h u vay, de d u a ttanh chap t h u a n g mai giai quye't trube hgi dong ttong tai, cac ben can phai Le Cuong Kien In commercial business, commercial arbitration as a mechanism for resolving disputes outside the court has contributed significantly to the stability of commercial activities However, up to now, the majority of Vietnamese people and businesses, the concept of commercial arbitration is quite new The article introduces the status of law, practice of resolving commercial disputes by commercial arbitration and some suggestions to improve the efficiency of commercial arbitration into an important and effective legal instrument of business when dealing with disputes arising in business Keywords: Business, commerce, commercial arbitration, business K cb mpt thba thuan trpng tai va thoa thuan trpng tai dai dign cbo y d u ciia cac ben rang, h p m u o n ttanh chap dupc giai quyet theo phucmg tbii'c trpng tai Thba thugn ttgng tai cb the cb trube hoae sau xay tranh chap Vigc cb nghia la thba thuan ttgng tai cb the d u g c cac ben ky ke't ttong h g p dbng ban dau {liic chua phat sinh ttanh chap), cho de'n xay tranh chap thi cae ben cb the thoa thuan p h u o n g thiic giai quyet tianh chap bang trgng tai, n h u n g chg dii trube hogc sau tranh chap thi thba thuan ttgng tai phai d u g c thong n h a t gitia hai bgn bang van ban NhStng tranh ch6p thi/ong mgi c6 thegidi thong qua trpng tdi quyit Theo Dieu Lugt TTTM, tha'm quyen giai quye't Ngay nhdn bar 27/4/2020 cac tranh chap ciia tigng tai gbm: Tranh chap giiia cac Ngay hodn thien bien tap: 7/5/2020 bgn phat sinh tir boat dgng t h u o n g mai; Tranh chap Ngdy duyet dang: 13/5/2020 phat sinh giiia cac bgn, db co it nhat mgt ben cb hogt dgng t h u a n g mai; Tranh chap gitia eac ben ma Khai qudt ve tdi thUOng mai phap luat d u g c giai quye't bang trpng tai, Quy trinh gidi quyet tranh chap l>dng trpng tdi thi/cmg mai Khoan Dieu Luat Trpng tai thuong mgi (TTTM) nam 2010 (Luat sb: 54/2010/QH12) quy dinh: "TTTM Kbi eb dii eac dieu kign de giai quyet ttanh chap bang la p h u o n g thiic giai quyet tianh chap cac ben thba TTTM nhu eb thba thuan ttgng tai cb hieu lue thi cac tiiuan, "; bgn thuc hign eac bube theo trinh tg tb timg tigng tai no Khoan Dieu Lugt TTTM: "Thoa thuan il Knui ju^n Vd x-in:^ •"itLGHfNH - Bube 1: Npp don khbi kign va cac tai lieu kem theo t r u n g tam trpng tai khac chi giai quye't tir den 10 Bube 2: Bi don n g p ban tg bao ve, Di'gu 35 Luat v u / n a m (VIAC, 2008-2020) TTTM 2010) Nhiing nam gan day, so vu vigc ttanh chap duoc Bube 3: Thanh lap Hpi d o n g ttpng tai giai quyet b cae trung tam ttpng tai cung cang Bube 4: Hoa giai (theo Dieu 58 Luat TTTM 2010) tang, dien hinh n h u b VIAC: N a m 2015, trung tam Bube 5: To diiic phien h g p giai quye't ttanh chap (Dieu 55 Luat TTTM 2010) tiep nhgn va giai 146 vu, nam 2016 la 155 vu N a m 2017, VIAC da tie'p nhan va giai quyet 151 vu tianh Bube 6: Hgi dong ttgng tai p h a n quyet chap vbi tong tii gia len dgn 1.400 ty dong N a m 2018, to chiic da giai quye't 180 vu tranh chap thuong ThiTc tien gidi quyet tranh chap kinh doanh thuTtfng mai bing tdi thiTcmg mai mgi vbi tong tti gia 400 ty dbng (VIAC, 2008-2020) N a m 2019, VIAC d a thu ly 274 vu tranh chap, Hign nay, b h a u het cae n u o c tten the gioi eiing tang 52,2% so vbi tb'ng so vu tianh chap dugc thu ly nhu Viet Nam, TTTM d u p c quy dinh la ttong hinh tiong nam 2018, do, tianh chap nube la thiic CO ban de' giai quyg't tranh chap t h u o n g mai, De 231 vu, chie'm 84,3%, ttanh chap eb ye'u to nube ngoai hpi nhap vao n'en kinh te the gibi mpt each n h a n h la 43 vg, chiem 15,7%; tb'ng tri gia tranb chap (bao chong va b'en vting, Viet N a m d a n g timg buoc hoan gbm ca tri gia d a n kign lai) gan 7,3 nghin ty dong, tri thien he thong p h a p lugt nbi chung va p h a p luat ve gia binh quan vg 26,9 ty dong Cac tianh chap ve tipng tai nbi rigng cho phii h g p vbi xu thg' phat trien m u a ban chien 44%, bat dpng san chie'm 20%, dieh chung oia ihe gibi vu chie'm 15% va cac ttanh chap khac thupc ve cac Nam 2003, Quoe hgi da ban hanh P h a p lenh TTTM, linh vue nhu: Xay dgng, bao hiem, logistics, tai chinh den nam 2010 ban h a n h Luat TTTM Trien khai Luat, ngan hang, chiing khoan, gia cong, hang hai, bao lanh 20/3/2014, Hgi dong tham p h a n Tba an n h a n dan (VIAC, 2008-2020) toi cao da ban hanh Nghi quyet s b 01/2014/NQ-HDTP Nhin chung, theo VIAC, ITnh vgc tranh chap nhieu 20/03/2014 h u o n g dan thi h a n h m b t so quy dinh nhat ttong thbi gian qua dang cb sg dich chuyen nhat Luat TTTM dinh Neu n h u giai doan dau hogt dgng ciia Trien khai thi h a n h Luat TTTM, eac t r u n g tam VIAC, gan n h u 100% tranh chap duge xir ly deu la tipng tai a i a Vigt N a m da timg bube d u g c ciing co, cae h g p dgng mua ban hang hba, ttong 90% ttanh kien toan ve to ehiie va boat dpng Tinh de'n n a m 2018, chap eb yg'u to nube ngoai, thi tranh chap mua nuoc ta cb 22 trung tam TTTM, ttong d b "tham nien" ban hang hba da giam di, tbi bet nam 2018 chi cbn nhat la Trung tam Trgng tai quoc te Viet N a m (VIAC) 40% Tuy nhien, thay vao do, ttanh chap tbuong mgi ben canh Phbng T h u a n g mai va Cong n g h i e p Viet gia tang b mbt sb linh vuc khac nhu: xay dung, bao Nam dugc lap nam 1993 (Bg Tu phap, 2018) hiem, tai chinh, ngan hang Cae ttanh chap dugc xir ly Giai d o a n 2011-2015 Vigt N a m ta h p i n h a p tai VIAC dien giira cac doi tac, DN de'n tir 60 quoe kinh tg' toan cau cang sau rgng h o n , linh v g c gia, vitng lanh thb va 53/63 tinh Nhiing quoc thuong mai quoc te p h a t trien m a n h m e Tuy nhign, gia cb dau tu tgi Vigt N a m Ibn nhat ciing la nhiing ciing vbi cting p h a t sinh tranh chap t h u o n g mai noi CO nhieu vu tranh chap thuong mai nhat {Phuang quoc te dbi hbi phucmg thiic giai q u y e t hiru hieu Hien, 2019) hon Cac doanh nghigp (DN) da n h i n n h a n va d a n h Mac dii, so vu tranh chap dupc giai quye't qua gia rich cue p h u o n g thiic hba giai b a n g trpng tai Sb TTTM da gia tang ttong n h u n g nam g i n day nhung lupng vg viec tranh chap m a cae T r u n g t a m ttpng nhin ehung, tb'ng so vu vige ma eae trung tam TTTM tai thu ly giai quyet d a tang len 30% so vbi t r u b e tgi Vigt Nam giai quyet d u g c hang nam van cbn khigm day Theo so ligu thbng ke giai d o a n tir n a m ton so vbi khoi lugng tranh chap thuong mai rat Ion 2011 de'n 31/12/2015, eae t r u n g tam trgng tai d a ban ma nganh Tba an phai xir ly Cu the^ so vg vigc giai hanh 1.831 p h a n quye't trpng tai, rieng n a m quyet tai VIAC chua tbi 1% so vu vigc dupc giai quyet 2015, eae t r u n g t a m t r g n g tai d a giai q u y e t d u a c tai tba an (Mai Ca, 2018) Xu h u b n g khac vbi viec 1.255 vu viee, t a n g 389 v g vige so vbi n a m 2014 giai quyet tranh chap ngoai tba an - tiic qua cac TTTM (Nguyen Thuy, 2018) Trong db, VIAC d a t h u ly, - da thue su p h b bien b nhieu nube phat trie'n giai quye't 226 vu, t r u n g binh gan 60 v u / n a m ; T r u n g Mot so van d e dat tam TTTM TP H o Chi M i n h (TRACENT) t h u ly, giai quyet 291 vu, trung binh h a n 70 v u / n a m Cae Nhin chung, p h u o n g thiie giai quyg't ttanh chap ttong kinh doanh bang TTTM van chua d u g c eae DN nang luc ciia trgng tai vien ve ky n a n g giai quyet Viet N a m u u Hen lua chgn Cb nhieu nguyen n h a n ttanh chap, ve trinh ngogi ngti; Kign toan, n a n g dan den van de tren, dien hinh nhu; Mot Id, the che ve tb ehiic, boat dpng ttpng tai mac eao nang lue eho dpi ngu cbng chiie t u p h a p co nhiem vu tham m u u quan ly nha n u b e ve TTTM du da timg bube dugc h o a n thien, nhien giiia quy - Tang cubng cbng tae kiem tra, tta de kip dinh ciia phap luat ve TTTM vbi quy dinh cua mot so thbi phat bign, xir ly nghiem cac h a n h vi vi p h g m linh vue p h a p luat khac van chua dong bg; mbt so ngi phap luat ve trpng tai; vi phgm quy t i c dao diie nghe dung ehua thong nhat; ehua eb co ehe biiu higu de nghigp a i a cae ttpng tat vien Day mgnh s u giam sat giam sat vigc hiiy p h a n quyet ttong tai ciia co quan dbi vbi viec buy quyet dinh ttpng tai, cbng nhgn va tba an thi h a n h p h a n quye't trpng tai Hai Id, so l u p n g t r u n g tam trpng tai b n u b e ta VephiaDN d u g e t h a n h lap t u g n g doi n h i e u so vbi cac n u b e - Chu dgng cap nhat nhiing kien thiic p h a p Iy c'an ttong k h u vuc va tren the gibi Trong db, co sb thiet giai quyet cac tranh chap phat sinh vat d i a t eiia p h a n Ibn eae trung tam trgng tai ehua kinh doanh Trong qua trinb t b u e hien h g p dbng, d a p ling day dii yeu eau de p h u c vu cho boat d g n g D N can theo dbi, d o n doc tien dp t h u c hien h o p cita cac trgng tai vien; cong tac quan ly, di'gu h a n h d b n g va thuc hien day d u cac nghia vu theo cam ket eiia mpt sb t n m g tam cbn thie'u tinh chuyen nghiep, h g p dong chua bigu qua Ba la, TTTM la mpt nhiing p h u a n g thii'c giai quyet tianh chap thuong mai mbi hinh va - Khi CO tranh chap p h a t sinh: T h u c hign cac p h u o n g thiic giai quyet tranh chap, bat d o n g theo diing quy dinh h p p dbng phat ttien tiong nen kinh te tbi t r u a n g b nube ta Do Neu la nguyen don: d a n khbi kien phai d l y dii do, hieu biet va n h a n tbiic a i a eae ea nhan, ca quan, ngi d u n g theo quy dinh, cac lap luan phai cb minh to chiic, nhat la cbng dong DN v'e p h u o n g tbiic giai chiing di kem, pbai n o p d o n ttong thai b a n quy dinh quye't van eon chua d l y dii Neil la bi don: ngn n o p ban tu bao vg diing thbi han, Bon Id, cac can cii phap ly de hiiy p h a n quyet kem eae tai lieu minh chung de ehiing minh eho su trgng tai eon d u g c hie'u chua thong nhat, nen tinh xac thuc o i a eac lap Iuan, tham gia day dii cac phien trang hiiy p h a n quye't ttgng tai thbi gian qua bgp, phien ttigu tap giai quyet tranh chap de dam bao xay Ben cgnh db, viec eham thi hanh phan quyet quyen lgi va khbng bb qua co hbi duge trinh bay y ttpng tai; ty le don yeu eau phan quyet ttpng tai duge kien, quan diem Ben eanh db, kbi cb tranh chap, DN thi hanh trgn thue te ehua cao da lam eho boat dpng can no luc su' d u n g phucmg thire boa giai qua ttpng tai kem h a p dan ttinh giai quyet tianh chap vi dieu giup cac bgn Giai phdp d e x u a t vira giai quyet ttanh chap pbat sinh, vira cb the dm tti quan he db'i tac 'Wf N h a m nang cao higu qua a i a TTTM giai quyet cac ttanh chap phat sinh kinh doanh, dae bigt la ttong bbi canb bgi nhap kinh te quoc te, theo tac gia, c'an luu y mbt so van de n h u sau: Vephia Nhd nuac - Tb'ng h g p nhiing khb khan, vubng m5c ve the che ttpng tai va vige ttien khai thi hanh Luat TTTM de kip thbi thao go, de xuat sira doi, bo sung the ehe - Tang cubng tuyen truyen, p h b bien Luat TTTM Tai lieu tham khdo: J Oudc hdi (20W), Luat Trong tdi thuang mgi, so S4/20W/QHI2 17/06/2010; Bq TUphdp (2018), Tdi lieu Hdi thdo Nang cao hieu qud hoat dong tdi thilimg mgi Viet tiam, ngdy 07/06/2018; Trung tam Trong tdi qudc te Viet tiam (2008-2020), Bdo cdo hogt dong Trung tdm Trgng ldi Oudc teViSt Nam tif nam 2007 den nam 2019 Trung tdm Tigng tdi qudc te Viet Nam (2018) Tdi lieu Hgi thdo "Ouy dinh phdp va vai tto, lgi ich ciia vige giai quyet ttanh chap bSng ludthienhdnhaJaVietNamvehogtddnghoagidl^dongmai" ngdy 17/1/2018, p h u o n g thiic ttgng tai cho co quan, to ehiie, ca nhan, Mai Ca (2018), T^ le doanh nghiep sddung trgng tai thuang mai degldi guyet nhat la cbng dbng DN - Phat tiien tbi truimg dich vu trpng tai, ket h o p vai trb giai quyet tranh chap bang ttgng tai vbi p h u o n g thiie giai quyet thbng qua hba giai t h u a n g mai eiia to chiic TTTM - Cb ehinb saeh, chuong trinb dao tao nang eao tranh chdp thap, https-//congthuong.vn/ty-le-doanh-nghiep-su-dungtrong-tai-thuong-mai-de-giai-quyet-tranb-chop-thap-10745lhtml Thong tin tac gia: 7'5 Le Cisang Kien, Trifdng Bgi hoc Triing Wang Email: levanktdbi^gmail.com ... 180 vu tranh chap thuong ThiTc tien gidi quyet tranh chap kinh doanh thuTtfng mai bing tdi thiTcmg mai mgi vbi tong tti gia 400 ty dbng (VIAC, 2008-2020) N a m 2019, VIAC d a thu ly 274 vu tranh. .. ttong k h u vuc va tren the gibi Trong db, co sb thiet giai quyet cac tranh chap phat sinh vat d i a t eiia p h a n Ibn eae trung tam trgng tai ehua kinh doanh Trong qua trinb t b u e hien h g... cting p h a t sinh tranh chap t h u o n g mai noi CO nhieu vu tranh chap thuong mai nhat {Phuang quoc te dbi hbi phucmg thiic giai q u y e t hiru hieu Hien, 2019) hon Cac doanh nghigp (DN) da