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PHlTONG THlTC GIAI QUYET TRANH CHAP T H N G QUA BAN PHONG NGlTA/BAN XU^ LY TRANH CHAP TRONG HOP DONG FIDIC 2017 VA KHUYEN NGHI DOI VOfl VIET NAM Nguyen Mai Linh* LeThiHdM/* Tdm tit: Bin cgnh cdc phuang thuc gidi quyit tranh chdp dien hinh thuang mgi quoc te ndi chung nhu trgng tdi, hod gidi, tod dn thi linh vuc xdy dung qude te tdn tgi mdt phuang thicc gidi quyet tranh chdp khdc Id thdng qua Ban xu ly tranh chdp Bdi viet se tgp trung ldm rd cdc vdn de phdp ly liin quan den thdm quyen, thu tgc gidi quyit tranh chap cua ban xic ly tranh chdp, qua dd rut cdc khuyen nghi doi v&i Viit Nam Abstract: Beside the typical methods of dispute resolution in intemational trade such as arbitration, conciliation, and courts, in the field of intemational construction, there is another means of dispute settlement, that is Dispute Avoidance/Adjudication Board (DAAB) The article focuses on clarifying legal aspects related to DAAB 's jurisdiction and dispute resolution procedure, it thereby makes certain proposals for Viet Nam Ddt vin dl Bg mau hgp ddng xay dyng qude te FIDIC duge Hipp hgi qude te cde ky su tu vin (FIDIC) thdnh lap so khai nam 1913^ Hipp hgi da xay dyng phien bdn ddu tifin ' ThS., Trucmg D^i hpc Lu^t Ha Npi '* Chuyfin vien phkp ly Cong ty Honda Vi^t Nam, ' Him hpi FIDIC dupe lap tii Chifin tranh the gi(ii lan thii nhat, 59 nguoi gap tai mpt cupc trifin lam the gicri a Hi dfi thong qua iiien chuang ciia Hi?p hpi vao 22/7/1913 Tuy nhien, FIDIC thtfc s\r trd thtah m§t tfi chiic quoc te vao cuoi nhung nam 1950, Uc, Canada Nam Phi va Hoa Ky tham gia Tiep theo den nhiing nam 1960, cdc nuoc dang phat tnfin nhu Colombia, Malawi, Zambia va Zimbabwe tham gia vao Hi|p hpi FIDIC t^o mpt buoc phat trien hon nua, tii mpt to chiic dpc quyen den mpt to chiic loan dicn hon va den co 102 quoc gia tham gia Xem Ellis Baker, Ben Mellors, Scott Chalmers, Anthony Lavers, FIDIC Contracts: Lmv and Practice, 1st Edition, 2009, London, Informa Law from Roudedge, tr 1, https.//fr.scribd.com/document /406989946/FIDIC-Conlracts-Law-and-Practice-200 9-pdf truy c^p 3/2/2020 ciia Bd mau hgp dfing FIDIC Id Sach Dd tir nam I953^ Sdch Vdng nam I963^ Sdch ^ Sach Do (Red Book - Conditions of Contract for Construction for Building and Engineering Works Designed by the Employer) dupe hinh vao thang 8/1957 ap dpng cho cac cong trinh xay dung dan dung nhu duong, can, dap, duong ham, cac cong trinh nuoc va nuac thai, phii hpp cho nh^ thau (contractor) va ky su (engineer) thiel ke cong trinh, dy an Sau Sach Do tiep tyc dupe siia doi, bo sung nam 1987 Xem: The FIDIC Suite of Contracts, http://fidic.org/sites/default/files/FIDIC_Suite_of_Co ntracts_0.pdf, truy cap 3/2/2020 ' Phien ban Sach Vang (Yellow Book - Conditions of Contract for Plant and Design-Build for Electrical and Mechanical Plant, and for Building and Engineering Works, Designed by the Contractor) dau tien vao nam 1963 cho cac cong trinh co va dipn Mau hpp dong da dupe thii nghiem va van hanh cho phu hpp vcri cac cong trinh xay dung nha may san xuat va lap dat, sau siia doi cac phifin ban thii nam 1980 va phien ban thu nam 1987 75 NHA NUdc VA PHAPLVATSd 7/2020 Cam nam 1995" Dac bifit, nam 1999 sy ddi cua Bd mdu hgp ddng xdy dyng ciu vdng (Rainbow) gdm 04 cudn, thay thi cho tdt ed cae phifin bdn trudc dd^ vd tgo budc ngoat Idn Uong ITnh vyc hgp ddng xdy dyng qude tfi Sau 18 nam mat vd dp dung, Hipp hdi da sira ddi phien ban Bg mau hgp ddng FIDIC 1999 dfi cho ddi phien bdn 2017 vdi nhifiu sy thay ddi vugt udi vd todn dipn hon^ Ngodi ra, nam 2019, Hipp hgi cdn cho mat Difiu kifin hgp dfing cho cdng trinh ngdm^ Vific ddi cdc phien bdn mdi da chiing td sy cdng nhdn ciia cgng ddng ky su qude tfi, nhd thau, nhd dau tu Uong vipc lya chgn mdu difiu kipn hgp ddng FIDIC Uong cae dy dn xay dyng cd yfiu td nudc ngodi ciia minh quen thugc Uong cdc hgp ddng thuang mgi qude tl, Hipp hgi da cung cip mgt phuang thiic gidi quyet tranh chap dgc thii ciia Hgp ddng xay dyng quoc te dd Id gidi quyet tranh chip thdng qua Ban phdng ngua/Ban xii ly tranh chip (Dispute Avoidance/Adjudication Board - DAAB) Ddy Id mgt phuong thiic gidi quyet Uanh chip dge thii chi cd uong mdu Hgp ddng FIDIC boi cdc nudc theo hp thdng Common law chip nhdn vai Ud cua ky su, kien tnic su, nhiing ngudi cd chuyfin mdn Uong linh vyc xay dyng, ddng thdi ddng vai Ud gidi quyet Uanh chip giira nhd thau vd chu ddu tu Uong cdc dy dn xay dyng cd yeu td nudc ngoai Tuy nhien, quan difim cd thfi khdng phu hgp vdi mgt sd quoc gia theo hp thong Civil law* Nhu tgi Vipt Nam, thye Trong miu difiu kifin hgp ddng FIDIC tien sir dyng phuang thirc ndy cdn hgn che 2017, ben cgnh nhiing phuang thiic gidi bdi cd nhilu khd khan vd thyc chdt vai Ud quyet Uanh chap bang hod gidi, Ugng tai ciia ky su/kiln tnic su ehua dugc dl cao Uong mdi quan he hgp dfing giiia nha thau * Sach Cam (Orange Book - FIDIC Design-Build va chii dau tu tgi Vipt Nam Vd, cdc ben and Turnkey Contract) mau Hpp dong ap dyng cong ky kit hgp dong ciing chua hiiu rd dugc vai trinh thiet ke thi cong va chia khoa trao tay trd, y nghia ciia phucmg thiic gidi quyet ^ Bon cuon bao gom Sach Do mdri, Sdch Vang mdi, Sach Bae va Sach Xanh Xem thfim Nguyen Mai Uanh chap thfing qua DAAB, nen ciing chua Linh, Hgp dong xdy dung quoc li Fidic vd su hdi tan dyng duge het nhung uu vipt ciia hod hod cua phdp lugl Viit Nam, Tap chi Dan chii va phuang thirc ndy mang lai Do dd, bdi viet PhAp tu$t di?n tii, Bp Tu phip, 5/10/2019, se tap trung phdn tich cdc van dl phdp ly http://tcdcpl.moj.gov.vn/qt/tintuc/Pages/phap-luatkinh-te.aspx?ItemID=299, truy cap 3/2/2020 ciia DAAB vd thue tien dp dyng, tir dd nit '' Bp hpp dong Fidic 2017 sita d6i Sach Do, Sach mgt so khuyen nghi ddi vdi Viet Nam Vang va Sach Bae mot each ding ke, toan dien hon nhifiu, trai rpng hon 200 trang vi chiia 21 dieu khoan Lich sir hinh Ban phdng vol sy ro rang, minh bach vdi muc tieu chinh la tang ngira/Ban xu ly tranh chap sy ro rang, chac chan va nham han che tranh chap hon de dat dupe cac dy an cong hon Xem Vdi muc dich tifit kiem thdi gian vd ehi them Nguyfin Mai Linh, Hqp dong xdy dyng quoc ti Fidic vd sif hdi hod hod cua phdp lugt Viit Nam, Tap phi cho viec gidi quyfit franh chdp, cdc phifin bdn Hgp ddng FIDIC hi nam 1957 chi Dan chii va Phap luat di?n tii, Bp Tu phap, 5/10/2019, din nam 1987 diu quy dinh, bat ky tranh http ://tcdcpl.moj gov vn/qt/tintuc/Pages/phap-lual-ki chdp ndo phat sinh giiia chu dau tu vd nhd n h-te.aspx?ItemID=299, truy cap 3/2/2020 ' Sich Xanh ngpc (Emerald Book - Conditions of Contract for Underground Works), httpsV/fidicorg/ books/conditions-contract-underground-works-2019emerald-book, tmy cap 3/2/2020 76 * Axel-Volkmar Jaeger, Gotz-Sebastian Hole, FIDIC-A Guide for Practitioners, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010, tr 400 PHUONG THUC GIAI QUYtT thau dfiu dugc giao cho cdc ky su' trudc gidi quyet bang Ugng tai hogc tda dn Tuy nhifin, phuang thiic giai quyet Uanh chap thfing qua cdc ky su khfing thyc sy hieu qud hg khd cd the dua nhung quyfit dinh mang tinh cfing bdng, dgc lap vd khach quan cho nhd thau Ddn din, cdc ky su ddnh mit sy tin nhipm cua cac nhd thiu Uong qua trinh giai quyet Uanh chap'** Trudc yeu eau cap thiet dat vdi mgt phuang thiic gidi quyet franh chdp vdi tieu chi hipu qud, nhanh chdng ma khong ddnh mit di sy khach quan gidi quyet nhung xung dgt, mdu thudn giiia chii dau tu vd nhd thdu thyc hipn cac hgp ddng xay dyng cd yeu td nudc ngodi, dy dn Dudng ham eo bien Manche "Anglo-French Channel Tunnel Project" tiinam 1987 din nam 1993 da thiet kfi mgt Ban gidi quyfit Uanh chap {Dispute Resolution Board - DRB)^K DRB cd chlic nang dua cdc ldi khuyen, kifin nghi cho cdc bfin, giiip cdc bfin gidi quyfit Uanh chap ngi bg Thdnh vien ciia DRB Id nhiing ky su gidu kinh nghifim thyc tfi, hg duge trao quyfin tiep can cfing trinh, hd so tdi lipu lien quan, duge tham gia cdc budi ' Cic ky su 14 ngudi dupe cic chu dau tu thufi va tra thii lao, ben canh nhi$m vy thifit kfi, giam sat cong trinh xay dyng, hp dam nhan them nhi?m vy khic la giai quyfit tranh chap giira chii dau tur va nha thau thong qua vi^c dira cac kien nghj tren tinh than dpc l^p v^ khich quan '" Christopher R Seppala, Fidic and Dispute Adjudication Boards (DAB(s)), 2015, tr.5, https://fidic.org/sites/default/files/webinar/Presentati onCSeppFIDlCandDisputeAdjudicationBoards.pdf, truy c§p ng^y 4/2/2020 " London: Dispute boards - modem approaches to dispute resolution in international projects First published in Global Arbitration Review Volume 8, Issue 4, https://www.whitecase.com/sites/default/file s/files/download/pubIications/articIe-GAR-8-4-LON DON-Dispute-boards.pdf, truy c^p 4/2/2020 hgp ciia nhd thdu vd ehii ddu tu'-^ Md hinh ndy da dugc sii dyng hifiu qud Uong dy dn Dudng hdm eo bifin Manche Vdi sy dp dung thdnh cdng vd hieu qud eua DRB Uong dy dn Dudng hdm eo bien Manche, vdo nam 1995, phuang thiic giai quyet Uanh chap thay the mdi thdng qua Ban Uanh chap (Dispute Board-DB) Ian dau dugc FIDIC quy dinh tgi Hgp ddng FIDIC Sach Cam (Thifit kfi xdy dyng va frao tay)'^ Tiep dd, sau mdt nam, FIDIC da bd sung phuang thiic gidi quyet Uanh chap ndy vdo Hgp ddng FIDIC bdn sira ddi lan thir ciia Sdch Dd va Sdch Vdng nhu mgt phuang thiic gidi quyfit tranh chap dugc chap nhgn'" Nam 1999, FIDIC da ghi nhdn phuang thiic gidi quyfit Uanh chap thfing qua DB hay cdn duge ggi Id Ban xir ly Uanh '^ Alan Muir Wood, Tunelling: Management by Design London, E & FN Spon, 2002, tr 266, https://books.google.com vn/books?id=NU2uDwAA QBAJ&pg=PA263&lpg=PA263&dq=Anglo-French -t-Channel-*-Tunnel+project+fidic&source=bl&ots=jaJ 18znzNp&sig=ACfU3UOKSvkNnvTiOWBcOB-gD_ F5yxztEA&hl=vi&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEw4YiKa-mv TmAhVnzjgGHeOSAJcQ6AEwD3oECAgQAQ#v=o nepage&q=Anglo-French%20Channel%20Tunnel% 2{^roject%20fidic&f=false, truy cap 3/2/2020 '* Thanh vien ciia Ban tranh chap la cac ky su co trinh dp va nhifiu kinh nghifim linh vyc xay dyng, hp dupe lua chpn bed chii dau tu vk nha thau va quyet dinh dupe dua bdi DB c6 tinh rang bupc doi vdi cac ben tranh chap Xem thim Dieu 20.4, Hpp ddng FIDIC 1995 Sich Cam: "Trong vong 56 ngdy ke lit sau ngdy nhdn dirgrc yeu cdu Ban Gidi quyel tranh chdp, hogt dgng vai tu cdch Id mgt nhom chuyen gia chu khong phdi vai tu cdch Id trgng ldi vien, se thong bdo vi quyit dinh cua minh cho moi ben " ''' Eugenio Zoppis, DAAB and Dispute Resolution Under the 2017 FIDIC Forms of Contract, Centre for Construction Law and Dispute Resolution King's College, London, https://www.researchgate.net/pub lication/329238426_DAAB_and_Dispute_Resolutio Q_under_the_20I7_FrDIC_Forms_of_Contract/link/ 5bfe4c7d92851c78dfaff882/downioad, truy cap 4/2/2020 77 NHA NUdc VA PHAPLVATSd 7/2020 chap DAB - "Dispute Adjudication Board" Id phuang thiic gidi quylt tranh chip dgc thu, bat bugc phai cd Uong cdc m^ii Hgp ddng cho cdng trinh xay dyng chinh ciia minh Nam 2008, FIDIC da md rgng chirc nang ciia DAB Uong Hgp ddng FIDIC Sdch Vang ddng (Thiet kfi, xay dyng vd van hdnh) DAB Uong phien ban hgp ddng ndy la mgt ea quan thudng tryc, khdng chi ddng vai Ud gidi quyet tranh eh%), md cdn giiip ngan ngira cac tranh chdp phdt sinh thdng qua vipc dua cde kien nghi, ldi khuyfin eho cdc ben hg dugc yeu cau'^ Kfi thiia tinh thin vd vai Ud eua DAB Hgp ddng FIDIC 2008 Sdch Vdng ddng, tgi Phifin bdn siia ddi Hgp ddng FIDIC Bg Cau vdng nam 2017, Ban gidi quyet tranh chip xuat hifin vdi mdt tfin mdi - Ban phdng ngira vd xii ly tranh chap (Dispute Adjudication and Avoidance Board - DAAB) Phifin bdn Hgp ddng FIDIC 2017 ghi nhgn nhung no lyc eiia cac nhd soan thdo dfi sua ddi vd bd sung thfim nhiing difim nhim lam rd rang ban cdc quy dinh cdn gdy nhieu tranh cai Uong vific ap dyng va gidi thich difiu khodn hgp ddng, IE^) day nhiing lo hdng cdn tdn tai Uong phifin ban Hgp dfing FIDIC nam 1999 '* Dieu 20.5 Phong ngira Iranh chap quy dinh: "Vdo bat cu thai diim ndo cdc ben thoa thugn, hg cd thi ciing dua mgt vdn de len DAB bdng van bdn vdi yeu cdu dufrc cung cdp sir ho trp vd/hodc thdo ludn thong thuang vd no luc di gidi quyit bdt ki st^r bdt dong ndo co Ike phdl sinh giua cdc ben qud trinh thuc hiin hgp dong Su ho trp thdng thu&ng CO the dien lgi bdt ki cuge hgp nao bdt ki cuge kiim tra dia diim xdy dyng ndo hogc khong Tuy nhien, Irit cdc bin thda thudn khdc tdt cd cdc ben phdi co mat cdc cuge thdo lugn Cdc bin khong hi rdng bugc phdi thuc hiin theo nhung khuyin nghi duac dua lai cdc cuge hgp vd DAB khdng bi rdng huge b&i bdt Id quan diim ndo dupe dua qud Irinh ho trp thong thu&ng, dii quan diem dupe thi hiin bdng vdn bdn hay l&i noi, tgi bdt cu qud trinh gidi quyit tranh chdp hay quyit dfnh luang lai" 78 Nhirng dilm mdi vl Ban phdng ngira/Ban xir ly tranh chap Hp^i dSng FIDIC 2017 Dilm mdi vfi DAAB Uong Hgp ddng FIDIC 2017 dugc the hifin qua ba ngi dung: (i) Chlic nang ciia DAAB, (ii) Thanh vien cua DAAB va vai trd ciia ky su, (iii) Thu tyc gidi quylt tranh chap vd tinh rdng bugc quyet dinh ciia DAAB (i) Chirc ndng cua DAAB Mgt difim mdi Uong Hgp ddng FIDIC 2017 Id bd sung quy dinh ve chiic ndng "Phdng ngira Uanh chap" cua DAAB Theo dd, cdc ben cd thi cimg yeu ciu DAAB giiip thda thugn hogc dua sy ho trg cho cdc bfin bat ky van de hay mdu thudn ndo phdt sinh Gid su cac bfin khfing thfing nhdt dugc each gidi thich mgt difiu khodn hgp ddng, hg cd thfi cung dua van dfi ndy dfi xin y kien ciia DAAB'^ va y kifin hay Idi khuyfin dugc dua bdi DAAB sfi khdng mang tinh rdng bugc ddi vdi hg" Quy dinh ndy lin dau dugc dua vdo Hgp ddng FIDIC 2008 Sdch Vdng ddng nham ddp ling nd lyc thiic day phdng ngua franh chap cua FIDIC'^, vd quan frgng ban Id thiic day chiic nang chinh cua DAAB '* Mr I.A.F Hendriksen & ir.P.CA de Bruijin, Fidic 2017: Ihe revised dispute resolution procedure, 2018, https://www.my.stibbe.com/mystibbe/attach ment_dw.action?ankey=FRbANEucS95NMLRN47z %2BeeOgEFCt8EGQJsWJiCH2WAWBW0hl3oTM YkKxWKInbXtZ&nav=FRbANEucS95NMLRN47z %2BeeOgEFCt8EGQbuwypnpZjc4%3D&attdocpara m=pB7HEsg%2FZ3I2Bk80IuOIHlc%2BY4beLEA eAxX%2FWLjVY8k%3D&fromConlentView=, truy c^p 5/2/2020 " Dieu 21.3, Hpp d i n g FIDIC 2017 Sach Ving, Sich Hdng '* Trong hudng dan thyc hipn Hpp dong FIDIC Sich Vang dong ghi nhan rang; "Phong ngira hem chira binh, do DAB dupe uy nhiim vai trd no luc ho trp cdc bin lim kiem tieng not chung tgt bat ky thai diem ndo " PHUONG THUC GIAI Id dua cdc quylt dinh nhanh chdng, hieu qud Ndm 2015, Phdng Thuang mgi qude tfi (ICC) chinh thiic ghi nhgn chiic nang phdng ngiia tranh chap Uong Quy tic Ban tranh ch^ {Dispute Board Rules), quy dinh rang Ban xir ly Uanh chap Id: "Mgt ca quan thu&ng trjrc bao gdm mgt hodc ba thdnh vien, thu&ng dugc thdnh lap sau cdc bin hgp ddng ki kit hogc bdt ddu thuc hiin hgp ddng Ban xir ly tranh chdp dugc sir dgng di giiip cdc ben cd the ngdn ngira hogc gidi quyet nhimg mdu thudn, tranh chdp phdt sinh qud trinh thuc hiin hgpdong"^^ Ngodi ra, DAAB cung cd thfi mdi cdc ben h5frgUong vipc Udnh tranh chip xay frong qud trinh thyc hipn dy dn Nhiing ldi khuyfin va ^ kiln ciia DAAB Uong trudng hgp ndy khfing rdng buOc ddi vdi cdc bfin vd DAAB khong bj rdng bugc bdi bdt ky quan dilm ndo dua quyfit dinh Vi vgy, frong Hgp ddng FIDIC 2017, mue dich chinh eiia DAAB Id ngan chgn cde khifiu ngi frd thdnh franh chap Neu nd lyc ngan chgn kiiilu ngi Ud thdnh tranh chap that bgi, DAAB se tifip tyc thye hifin vdi tu cdch Id CO quan giai quyet Uanh chap theo Hgp ddng FIDIC 2017 Lien quan den chiic nang phdng ngiia tranh chip cua DAAB, cd nhifiu quan difim khac DAAB cimg mfit luc thyc hipn hai chiic nang khdng tuong thich vdi " Thu tyc giai quyet tranh chSp bdi Ban tranh chap ICC thilt l§p c6 hipu lyc tir 1/10/2015 Xem them: ICC, Dispute Board Rules, Difiu 2, Difiu 5, https://icewbo.org/dispute-resolution-services/disput e-boards/, khoin Difiu ICC Dispute Board Rules: "(v) "Dispute Board" ("DB") means a Dispute Review Board ("DRB"), a Dispute Adjudication Board ("DAB") or a Combined Dispute Board ("CDS"), composed of one, three or more DB Members" QVYtT vua gidi quyet tranh chap, vira la trung gian thyc hipn chuc nang phdng ngiia tranh chap^° Vdi vai Ud cua mdt trung gian, phdng ngiia tranh chap, thdnh vien ciia DAAB se dua cdc kifin nghi mang tinh tuong ddi, nham can bang Igi ich vd giup cdc ben giu mdi quan he hiiu hdo Tuy nhifin, ddng vai Ud la ngudi xu ly Uanh chip, hg phdi dua cdc quyfit dinh mang tinh tuyet dfii, tuan thu theo diing hgp ddng vd phdp Iuat nude sd tgi Dya Ufin quan difim nay, cd thfi thdy hai chiic nang ciia DAAB dugc quy dinh tgi Hgp dfing FIDIC 2017 khdng tuong xiing vdi Uong thyc tien, ngudi xu Iy Uanh chap se ddnh mat sy vd tu vd khdeh quan ciia minh trudc dd hg da ddng vai frd Id mdt trung gian^' Tren thyc te, hieu qud ciia chiic nang phdng ngira Uanh chdp mang lai van Id mdt ddu hdi Idn tai phifin ban Hgp ddng FIDIC 2017, cdc ben tham gia hgp ddng cd quyen bd qua budc giai quyfit Uanh chap ^° Theo quan difim ciia tic gii Robbie McCrea - m$t lu$t su cao cap dang hanh nghfi t^i Anh: "Trung gian "mediator" se Id ben duac Hit Ig cdc Ihong lin bdo mat vd cdc lai ich thuang mgi cua cdc bin, vai tro cua hg Id giiip cho viic gidi quyit tranh chap dupe diin mgt cdch thudn Ipi nhdt Tuy nhiin, ngw&i xu ly tranh chdp - "adjudicator" lgi co nghia vu phdi dua cdc quyit dinh dua theo cdc quyin vd nghTa vu phdp ly cua cdc ben" Xem them: Robbie McCrea, Senior Associate, Fenwick Elliott, TTie 2017 FIDIC dispute resolution procedure: Part the new dispute resolution mechanism, https://www fenwickelliott.com/research-insight/articles-papers/c ontract-issues/2017-fidic-dispute-resolution-procedu re-part-1, truy cap ngiy 04/02/2020 ^' Phan quyfit vu tranh chap Glencot Development and Design Co Ltd v Ben Barrett & Son (Contractors) Ltd I, 2001 chi rang, sy vd tu khich quan ciia DAB dong vai tro thyc hi?n chlic nang dupe quy dinh mau hpp dong FIDIC Xem them: https://www.cms-lawnow,com/ ealerts/2001 /02/gIencot-development-and-design-coltd-v-ben-barrett-son-contractors-ltd-l?cc_lang=en, truy cap 5/2/2020 79 NHA NUdc VA PHAPLVATSd 7/2020 thdng qua DAAB nlu DAAB khdng tdn tai tranh chap phdt smh; vd thyc tifin, nhd thdu ciing thudng logi bd dilu khodn lien quan tdi gidi quyfit tranh chip thfing qua DAAB hay DAB khdi hgp ddng ciia minh Khi franh chdp phdt sinh vd cde bfin khdng the gidi quyfit dugc thi Ugng tdi hay tda an se Id phuang thire gidi quylt Uanh chap dugc cdc bfin lya chgn Ngoai ra, nlu khdng cd mgt DAAB thudng tryc dugc cdc ben thda thuan lya chgn trudc tranh chap phdt sinh thi vai frd phdng ngira tranh chip ciia DAAB rit khd thyc hifin Chi ndo frong hgp dong tdn tai mgt DAAB da dugc bd nhifim, thu tue gidi quyet franh chip thfing qua DAAB mdi dugc thyc hien vd mang tinh bit budc^^ (ii) Thdnh vien cua DAAB vd vai trd cua ky su Xet ve tieu chuan dfi ud thdnh vien cua DAAB, dya theo dilu khodn chung vfi thda thugn xu ly tranh chap nam Uong mdi cuon Hgp ddng FIDIC, cd thfi hifiu vifin cua DAAB phai la nhung ky su, chuyen gia hay ludt su linh vyc xdy dyng, cd kinh nghiem lam nhung cdng vific lifin quan den viec gidi thich hgp ddng xay dyng Bfin canh dd, nhiing ngudi ndy cdn phdi thdnh thgo ngdn ngu quy dinh uong hgp ddng^-' Ngodi dieu kien ve ehuyen mfin, vien ciia DAAB phdi ddm bdo sy dfic lap, vd tu, khdeh quan vdi chii ddu tu, nhd thdu va ky su dugc dinh nghia uong hgp ddng^"* Trong truoTig hgp cdc bfin mudn thdnh lap DAAB vdi nhat mgt thdnh vifin, thdnh vifin dd phdi dugc lya chgn dya tren sy ddng thugn ciia cd hai bfin Trudng hgp DAAB gdm ba vifin, mdi bfin se dua dfi cu mgt thdnh vien vd se phdi ehd bfin cdn lgi ddng y Thdnh vifin thii ba, vdi tu each Id Chii tieh eua DAAB, se dugc lya chgn dya Ufin sy ddng thudn ciia cd hai bfin Mgc dich chinh cua vific Id dfi Igp mgt CO quan gidi quyet tranh chdp trung lap vd khfing chju dnh hudng bdi bat ki bfin ndo Uong Uanh chdp Cdc Hgp ddng FIDIC cdn cho phep cdc bfin cd thfi thda thudn lya chgn trudc mgt danh sdch cdc img cir vifin cho vj tri thdnh vien eiia DAAB dfi dua vdo dii lipu hgp ddng - "Contract Data " Tuy nhifin, cdc bfin se ehi dugc phep lya chgn thdnh vifin cho DAAB dya ufin danh sdeh vd mgi sy thay doi thdnh vien eua DAAB phdi dugc su nhat tri eiia ca hai bfinfranhchap'^* Tu dieu khodn thdnh vifin cua DAAB, cd the nhdn thay vai frd cua ky su dugc dl cao ban frong phifin bdn Hgp dfing FIDIC 2017 Trong hgp ddng xay dyng, ky su Id ^^ Dieu kipn chung ve thoa ihu^n xii ly tranh chip, cic Hpp ddng FIDIC, Dieu Sy dam bio quy d\nh:"Thdnh vien bdo ddm vd thoa thudn rdng ong/bd ta phdi vd se phdi vd tu vd dgc lgp v&i chti ddu tu, nhd thdu vd nhd tu vdn Thdnh viin se thong ^^ Dieu 21.8: No DAAB In Place, Hpp dong FIDIC bdo cho moi nguai s6 hg vd cho cdc 2017, Sach Vang thdnh yien khdc (niu co) mgi su viic hay tinh huong " Difiu ki^n chung ve thoa thuan xii ly tranh chap, CO thi xuat hiin mdu thudn v&i su bdo ddm vd thoa cic Hpp dong FIDIC, Dieu Sy dam bao co quy thugn cua 6ng/bd la Id v6 tu vd dgc lap" dinh: "Khi chi dinh thdnh vien chu ddu tu vd nhd thdu dya vdo nhirng khd ndng lieu biiu ciia thdnh " Difiu 21.1, 21.2 Hpp ddng FIDIC 2017 Sach H^ng quy djnh trudng hpp cic ben khdng thoa thu^n vien la nguai: (a) Co kinh nghiim cong viic md nhd thdu ihyc hiin theo hap dong (b) Co kinh dupe ye vien ciia DAAB thi mpt ca nhan ho?ic nghiim diin gidi ldi liiu hpp dong, xdy dung mpt td chirc ma cic ben da thda thuan dii lipu vd kien true vd (c) Thdnh thgo ve ngon ngU giao tiip hpp dong, theo su yfiu cau ciia ciia mpt hay ca hai dirpc xdc dinh hpp dong (hodc ngon ngit bfin, sau trao ddi thoa ding vdi hai bfin se chi djnh vien ciia DAAB cdc bin vd DAAB thda thugn" 80 PHUONG THUC GIAI QVYET ngudi ldm vipc theo hgp ddng cua chii ddu tu, chlic nang, nhipm vy, quyfin hgn dugc ldm rd Uong hgp dong lao dgng, la ngudi lien quan dfin cdc vdn dfi chuyfin mdn xdy dyng^* Tuy nhien, vai frd ciia ky su khdng dan thuan lam vipc eho chii dau tu ma cac quyet dinh ky su dua phdi ddm bdo sy cfing bdng, vfi tu, khach quan giua chu dau tu va nha thau^' Sy vd tu, ddc lap, khdeh quan eiia ky su dua cac quyet dinh mang tinh chuyfin mfin dugc the hien ro frong mau hgp dfing FIDIC 2017 cho phep ky su dugc bfi nhiem vdo vifin ciia DAAB Khi dd, ky su cd quyfin dua danh gid cdc mdu thudn, franh chap vfi bdi thudng thi^t hai, khieu ngi ve toan giua nhd thau va chii dau tu, hanh dgng ndy thi hipn vai Ud trung lgp ciia ky su Khi ky su dugc bfi nhipm vao thdnh vien ciia DAAB, hg se duge nhgn thii lao cua cd nhd thau vd chii dau tu, vi the, ddi hdi ky su phdi ddng vai trd tnmg lap dua cdc quyet djnh (iii) Quy trinh gidi quyet tranh chdp vd tinh rdng budc quyit dinh cua DAAB Quy frinh gidi quyfit Uanh chap thdng qua DAAB tai Hgp ddng FIDIC 2017 vl co bdn van hdm chiia nhiing quy dinh cdt loi cua phien ban Hgp dong FIDIC nam 1999 -* Dieu 3.1 Hpp ddng FIDIC 2017 Sach Vang: "The Employer shall appoint the Engineer, who shall carry out the duties assigned to the Engineer in the Contract" " Mr LA.F Hendriksen & ir.P.G.A de Bruijin, Fidic 2017: The revised dispute resolution procedure, https://www.my.stibbe.com/mystibbe/attach 2018, ment_dw.action?attkey=FRbANEucS95NMLRN47z %2BeeOgEFCt8EGQJsWJiCH2WAWBW0hl3oTM YkKxWKInbXtZ&nav=FRbANEucS95NMLRN47z %2BeeOgEFCt8EGQbuwypnpZjc4%3D&attdocpara m=pB7HEsg%2FZ312Bk80IuOIH c%2BY4beLEA eAxX%2FWLjVY8k%3D&fromContentView=l, truy c|.p ngiy 5/2/2020 Cy the, franh chdp phdt sinh, cdc bfin se thyc hien thu tyc khifiu nai'^ Khi mgt frong hai bfin khdng ddng y vdi quylt dinh cua ky su thi se phdi mdt thdng bdo khdng hdi Idng (Notice of Dissatisfaction NOD) frong thdi ban 28 ngdy^'; sau dd dya Uen NOD, cae bfin cd thdi hgn 42 ngay^** dl dp trinh tranh chap DAAB Cde ben DAAB phai dua quyfit dinh Uong vdng 84 ngdy ke tir ngdy Uanh chap dugc dp Uinh tdi DAAB hogc khodng thdi gian DAAB dl xuat va dugc cdc bfin dfing y, quylt dinh ndy se lap die cd gid tii rang bugc vd cd hipu lyc vdi cac bfin-" Tdng thdi gian dl cd quyfit djnh cudi cimg cua DAAB cd thfi keo ddi tdi da 322 ngdy, Uong dd tdng thdi gian Uong mdu hgp ddng FIDIC 1999 Id 126 ngay^^ Vific keo ddi khodng thdi ^^ Difiu 20 Hpp ddng FIDIC 2017, Sach Ving, Sach Dd ^' Difiu 3.7.5.(c) Hpp ddng FIDIC 2017, Sach V ^ g : "This NOD shall be given within 28 days after receiving the Engineer's Notice of the determination under Sub-Clause 3.7.2 [Engineer's Determination]" ^^ Difiu 21.4.1 (a) Hpp dong FIDIC 2017, Sich Ving: The reference of a Dispute to the DAAB (the "reference" in this Sub-Clause 21.4) shall: (a) If SubClause 3.7 [Agreement or Determination^ applied to the subject matter of the Dispute, be made within 42 days of giving or receiving (as the case may be) a NOD under Sub-Clause 3.7.5 [Dissatisfaction with If the Dispute is not Engineer's determination^ referred to the DAAB within this period of 42 days, such NOD shall be deemed to have lapsed and no longer be valid" ^' Difiu 21.4.3 Hpp ddng FIDIC 2017, Sich Vang: "The DAAB's decision: The DAAB shall complete and give its decision within- (a) 84 days after receiving the reference: or (b) Such period as may be proposed by the DAAB and agreed by both Parties " ^^ Mr LA.F Hendriksen & ir.P.G.A de Bruijin, Fidic 2017: the revised dispute resolution procedure https://www.my.stibbe.com/mystibbe/attach 2018, ment_dw.action?attkey=FRbANEucS95NMLRN47z %2BeeOgEFCtSEGQJsWJiCH2WAWBW0hl3oTM 81 NHA NUdc VA PHAPLUATSd 7/2020 gian vdi nhifiu thu tyc han cua DAAB phifin bdn Hgp dfing FIDIC 2017 da khfing ddp ling dugc yeu cdu gidi quyfit tranh chip nhanh chdng, linh hoat nhu y dinh ban diu cua DAAB Tinh rang bugc quyfit dinh ciia DAAB frong Hgp dfing FIDIC 2017 cung dugc quy dinh rd ban Cho du DAAB ban hdnh quylt dmh mang tinh tgm thdi hogc quylt dinh cudi cimg Uong vific gidi quyet tranh chdp, cdc quyet dinh ciia DAAB dfiu rdng bugc vdi cdc ben vd hg phdi tuan thu theo quyet dinh ndy lap tiic, bat kfi cdc ben cd dua mgt NOD vdi quyet dinh mang tinh tgm thdi Difiu khodn quy dinh rang, cdc ben huge phdi tudn thii quyet dinh tam thdi ciia DAB da dugc dfi cap Uong Hgp ddng FIDIC nam 1999^^ Tuy nhien, quy dinh khong ro rang da dan dfin thyc Uang Id sau quyfit dinh rang huge tgm thoi dugc dua vd ed hifiu lyc, cdc bfin phdi thuc hien nghia vy da khfing thuc hien nghia vy khfing cd mgt ca che ep huge hay giam sat hg phdi thyc hipn nghia vy ciia minh Cac phien bdn cii ciia Hgp dong FIDIC ehi ghi nhan sy hd Xs
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