Một số sửa đổi cần thiết nhằm bảo hộ quyền sở hữu công nghiệp đối với nhãn hiệu đáp ứng yêu cầu của hiệp định CPTPP

WOiClKlMdK MQT SO SlfA DOI CAN THIET NHAM BAO HO QUYEN SO? HtJV CONG NGHIEP DOI VCfl NHAN HIEU DAP IfNG YEU CAU CUA HIEP DINH CPTPP > NGUYEN TH! NGUYET T6MT1T: Trong bd^i cinh phip lu^t ve bio hp nhan hidu d Vidt Nam dang qui trioh s&a dSi di phO h0p vdi cic cam k^t Hi^p dinh E>oi tic toin didn vi Ti^n b$ xuydn Thii Binh Dffdng (CPTPP), bii viet nghidn cffu cic thda thuao CPTPP vi bio hp nhan hidu, dd'i chi^u vdi quy dinh c^a phip luit Vi^t Nam d^ thay dffdc mifc d$ tffdng thich cua phip luit sd hffu tri tud ciSa Vi^t Nam Nh^m giii quyet vlfn de nay, bii viet tap trung vio n$i dung: (i) phin tich vi binh lu§n cic quy djnh phip luit sd hflu trf tud da dtfdc siJa ddi nim 2019 vi (ii) cic quy dinh cin ti^p ttJC sfl'a ddi nhim tffdng thich vdi quy djnh CPTPP Tilf khda: Nhan hi^u, CPTPP, bao ho nhan hipu l.DJiit vfi'n d l Chffdng Sd hilu tri lud li mpt nhffng chffdng dffdc coi li khd nh^t qui trinh dam phin CPTPP Cic npi dung dam phin difdc phan chia thinh nhdm chu ye'u: (i) Nhdm cam ke't chung ve vide gia nhip cic Cdng ffdc ve sd hiJu tri tud; (ii) Nhdm cic cam ket \ e tidu chu^n bao hd dd"i vdi cic dd'i tffdng cua quy^n sd hflu tri tud: (iii) Nhdm cac cam ke'i ve mdt sd" sin pham sd hflu ui tud dac thii; I i\) nhdm cic cam ke'l lidn quan tdi viec thifc thi cic quy^n sd hflu tri tud Trong dd CPTPP dtfa cic cam kd't v^ bio hO quy^n sd hflu cdng nghidp dd^i vdi nhan hieu rdng hdn \ e dd'i ttfdng ddn giin hdn di^u 62 S^ n - Ttiang 5/2020 kidn bio hd dd'i vdi nhan hidu ndi tieng so vdi phap luit Vidt Nam hidn hanh cung nhtf cic cam kd't cua Viet Nam Hidp dinh v l cic khia canh lidn quan tdi thtfdng mai cua Quyln sd hffu tri tud (TRIPs) CPTPP cd bieu Itfc doi vdi Viet Nam tfl ngiy 14 thing nam 2019, Viet Nam can thtfc thi cam ket theo 1$ trinh dtfdc dat CPTPP B6i vdi linh Vtfc sd hffu tri tud, mSc dil khoin ^ Diiu Luit Sd hflu tri tue nSm 2005 sffa doi i>,; sung nam 2009 (Luat Sd hflu tri tud 2005) quy dinh: "Trong trffdng hpp diiu ffdc qutfc te mit ' 'mii vien cd quy dinh khic vdi quy dinh cua Luat ithi fip dung quy dinh ciia Diiu tfdc qudc td" JA " LBAT Theo nguyen lie niy, nhflng quy dinh ciia CPTPP khic vdi quy dinh cGa Luat Sd hflu tri lud van ffu lidn j p dung cac quy dinh cua CPTPP Tuy nhidn, viec ndi luit hda cac quy dinh ciia CPTPP ve sd hflu tri tud li vide lam can thie'l khing dinh sff thffa nhan gii tri phip ly cua cic quy djnh CPTPP ITnh vtfc sd hffu tri tud Bdi va> tai ky hpp thff Qud'c hoi 2014 td trinh dff an Lual sffa ddi, bd sung mol sd' dieu cua Luat Kinh doanh bao hid'm va Lual Sd hffu tri tud da dffdc trinh len Qud'c hdi Qud'c hdi da thong qua dff thao luat sffa ddi, bd sung 11 dieu thudc chffdng ciia Luat Sd hflu tri tue, dd cd cic ngi dung lien quan dd'n bio hp nhan hieu Nhflng quy dinh da dtf^c sii'a ddi dd phu h^fp vdi CPTPP Trong Luat sffa ddi, bd sung Luit Sd hffu tri tud n3m 2019 cd hai sffa ddi cd bin dd'i vdi quy dinh ve bio hd nhan hidu, hai sff sffa ddi vffa nhSm phil hdp vdi cic quy dinh cua CPTPP vffa khic phuc dffdc mdt sd'han chd'ci3a Lual ve bao hd nhan hidu + Mgt Id phip lual cdng nhan vice sff dung nhan hidu cua ngtfdi nhan chuyen nhffdng nhan hidu cung chinh li hanh vi sff dung nhiin hidu cua chii sd hflu Trong Luat Sd hflu tri tud nam 2005 sffa ddi bdsung nam 2009 tai Khoan Dieu 136quy dinh chu sd hflu nhan hieu cd nghia vu sff dung nhan hi^u mpl each lidn luc, ne'u khdng sff dung lien luc nam, van bang bao hp nhan hidu bi cha'm dfft hidu Iffc Nhff vay, Khoan Dieu 136 chi de cap dd'n viec chu sd hffu phdi la ngffdi trffc tid'p sff dung nhin hidu, dd tai diem d khoan I Dieu 95 ciia Luat nam 2005 quy djnh \iec cha'm dfft hieu life ciia van bing bao hd nhtf sau: "Nhan hidu khdng dffdc chu sd hffu hoac ngffdi dffdc chii sd hffu cho phep sff dung Ihdi han nim lien tuc trffdc cd ydu cau chim dfft hieu Itfc mi khdng cd ly chinh ding, trff tnfdng hdp viec sff dung dtfdc bat dau hoac bii dau lai trtfdc ii nha't thing tinh de'n cd \eu cau cha'm dfft hieu Itfc" Quy dinh Dieu 95 la hdp ly v:i rd rang hdn phiJ hdp vdi logic cua quy dinh tie'p theo \ e chuyen quyen sff dung dpc quyen dd'i vdi nhan hidu theo khoan Dieu 143 Luat Sd hffu tri lue ma khdng lam anh hffdng de'n hieu Iffc ciia vin bing bio hd: " l Hdp dong ddc quyen la hdp dong mi iheo dd pham vi va Ihdi han chuyen giao ben dtfdc chuyen quyen dffdc ddc quyen sff dung dd'i tffdng sdhffu cdng nghiep ben chuyen qu\en khdng dffdc ky ke't hdp dong -sff dung ddi ttfdng sd hflu cdng nghiep \di bat ky ben Ihff ba nao va chi dffdc sff dung ddi ttfdng sd hffu cdng nghiep dd ndu dtfdc phdp ciia bdn dffdc chuyen quyen" Ben canh dd, quy djnh cua CPTPP cung quy dmh: Khdng ghi nhan hdp ddng chuyen giao quyen sff dung (li-\ang) Khdng ben nio dtfdc ydu cau ghi nhin hdp ddng chuyen giao quyen sff dung nhan hidu: (a) Nhim thid't lap hidu Iffc ciia hdp ddng chuyen giao quyen sff dung (b) Nhtf la dieu kien de vide sff dung nhan hieu bdi ngtfdi nhan chuyen giao quyen sff dung dffdc xem nhff la sff dung, bdi ngffdi nim quyen thu tuc lien quan tdi vide xic lap, tri vi thffc thi nhan hieu Tff dd Khoan Dieu 136 difdc quy dmh lai nhff sau Luat sffa doi, bd sung nam 2019: "Chu sd hflu nhan hidu cd nghia vu sff dung lidn tuc nhan hidu Viec sff dung nhin hidu bdi bdn nhan chuyen quyen iheo hdp dong sff dung nhan hieu Cling dtfdc coi la hanh vi sff dung nhan hieu cua chu sd hffu nhan hidu Trong trtfdng hdp nhan hieu khdng dtfdc sff dung lidn tuc iff nam trd ldn thi Gia'y chffng nhan dang ky nhan hieu dd bi cham dfft hidu Itfc theo quy dinh lai Dieu 95 ciia Lual nay", + Hai la thffa nhan gia tri phap ly ciia hdp ddng chuyen quyen sff dung nhan hieu trffdc ben thff ba khdng can cff vao vide dSng k'} hay khdng dang ky tai Cue Sd hffu tri tud Chuyen quyen sff dung dd'i vdi sd hffu cdng nghiep dffdc quy dinh tai Dieu 141 Luat Sd hffu tri lud 2005 theodd "Chuyen quyen sff dung ddi Iffdng sd hffu cdng nghidp la viec chii sd hffu quyen sd hffu cdng nghiep cho phep id chffc ca nhan khac sff dung dd'i ttfdng sd hffu cdng nghidp thupc pham vi quyen sff dung cua minh" Trong cic van ban phip luat ciia nhieu nffdc tren thegidi va cua nffdc ta trffdc day, hoal ddng dffdc gpi la li-xang Day chi la vide "cho phep" sff So 11 -Thang 5/2020 63 UPCiCllKTmM dung dtfi Iffdng sd hflu cdng nghidp chff khdng phii li "bin dfft" quyln sd hflu cdng nghiep Khoin Didu 148 Luit Sd hflu tri tud 2005 quy dinh: "Hdp ddng sff dung dd'i ttfdng sd hflu cdng nghidp cd hidu Iffc theo thda thuin gifla cic bdn, nhtfng chi cd gii tri phip ly d6i vdi ben thtf ba di dffdc ding k^ tai cd quan quan 1;^ nha ntfdc vl quyln sd hflu cdng nghidp" Nhtf v§y, theo Luit niy cho phdp vide chuydn giao quyln sff dung nhan hidu gifla hai td chtfc, ci nhin cd thd chuyin giao v i phit sinh quyln gifla hai doi tffOng dd mi khdng cin ding ky, nhidn phit sinh tranh chS'p thi quy djnh cffng khdng cd gii tri phip 1^ d^i vdi bdn thff ba d m0t sdqu^c gia khic, phip luit khdng ydu clu phii dang k$ vide ki hdp ding chuyin giao quyln sd hflu cdng nghidp ddi vdi nhin hidu, tidu bilu nhtf phip luit bio hO nhan hi^u ciJa Anh Dao Lu§t Nhan hidu nim 1994 (thay t h i D90 Luit nhan hi|u nim 1938) ci}a Anh tri quy dinh vl vide ding k^ hdp ding li-xang nhin hi$u nhffng vi$c ding k^ niy vdi muc dich lai hoin toin khic Dao luit Nhin hi^u nim 1994 da loai bd cic diiu khoin vl vi$c ding k^ ngffdi sff diJng nhan hidu ma thay vio dd li tri mOt roSu ding k-$ li-xing nhan hi§u vdi muc dich d l minh b?ch hda cic chi tiet cd bdn cUa vi|c li-xang nhan hidu Cii thi: muc dfch ciia vide ding kj hdp ding li- xSng nhan hi^u li thdng bio vdi bdn thtf ba bidt vl sff ton tai ciia viec li-xing nhan hidu niy vi cung ci'p nhffng quyln ban cho ngtfdi nh§n li-xSng bi xim pham quyln [5] Bdn c?nh dd khoan 27 Dieu 18 CPTPP di loai bd vi'n dl niy, quy dinh rd ring khdng mdt qudc gia thinh vidn nao cd the' ydu ciu dang ky cap phdp sff dyng nhan hidu d l thidt lip hidu Itfc ciia vi^c ci'p phdp dd D I tua n thu khoan 27 Diiu 18 CPTPP hai Diiu 136 va Dieu 148 Luit Sd hflu tri tud 2005 dtf*?c sffa ddi Cu thi la: "2 Dd'i vdi cic loai quyln sd hflu cdng nghidp dtfdc xic lip tren cd sd ding k^ theo quy dinh tai diem a khoan Diiu ciia Luit niy hdp ddng sff dgng ddi ttfdng sd hfl^ cdng nghidp c6 hidu Itfc theo thda thuin giffa cic bdn H(?p ding sff dyng ddi ttfdng sd hffu cdng nghidp lai khoin Diiu niy, trilf hdp ding sff dving nhin hieu phii dang k^ tai cd quan 64 S6U- Th6ng 5/2020 quan 1}? nhi nffdc vl quyln sd hffu nhan hieu hang hda ndi tid'ng cd the dffdc bao hg ca chung chffa dffdc dang ky bdi cd quan cd tham quyen O Vidt Nam stf ddi eiia Luat Sd hffu tri tud 2005 dinh diu btfdc tidn vd ciing quan trgng van de bao hg cac ddi tffdng sd hflu edng nghiep ndi chung va bao hd nhan hieu ndi tid'ng ndi ridng Ben canh viec dtfa djnh nghia chinh thffc ve nhin hieu ndi lieng, luit cdn dtfa nhflng lieu chi cu the rd rang de xac dinh mdt nhan hidu li ndi tie'ng Day cung la hanh dgng cu the dam bao vide thffc hidn nghTa vu vidn cua Vidt Nam ky ke't Cdng ffdc Paris Phap luat sd hflu tri tud eiia Vidl Nam edng iao cd chd'bao hd dac bidt cho nhan hieu ndi lieng cung nhtf nhieu qud'c gia khic chap nhan bdo hd cho nhan hieu ndi lieng dffa iren nguyen tic "quyen sff dung" (first-lo-use) Theo khodn Dieu Nghi dinh 103/2013/ND-CP htfdng din thi hinh mgt so' dieu ciia Luit Sd hffu tri lud ve sd hffu cdng nghiep Theo quy dinh niy, quyen sd hffu cdng nghiep dd'i vdi nhan hieu ndi tie'ng dffdc xac lap tren cdsd thffc lien sff dung rdng rai nhan hieudd theo quy dinh lai Dieu 75 ciia Luat Sd hffu tri lue ma khdng can thffc hien Ihu tuc dSng ky nhan hieu nhff cic nhan hieu ihdng thffdng Ben canh dd Dieu 75 Luat Sd hffu tri tue 2005 dtfa cac tieu chi de' danh gia mffc dp ndi tiding ciia nhan hieu, dd lai khoan 6, khodn de cap de'n viec danh gia mffc dd ndi tie'ng ciia nhin hieu thdng qua vide xem xet so' Iffdng qud'c gia bdo hp nhan hieu va sd' Iffdng qudc gia cdng nhan nhan hieu la ndi tie'ng Vdi ttf cac qud'c gia bdo hp nhan hieu cang nhidu thi pham vi nhan hieu dtfdc bie't dd'n cang rpng rai Hay nhieu qud'c gia edng nhan la nhan hieu ndi tid'ng cang chffng minh vide nhan hieu dd cd sffc dnh hffdng ldn dd'i vdi ngffdi tieu dung tai qud'c gia dd Tieu chi dtfdng nhff la stf djnh Iffdng taora sff de dang cho eac cd quan cd tham quyen xic nhan mffc dp ndi tid'ng ciia nhan hidu ru\ nhien lai giin tie'p cdng nhan vide i p dung nguyen tie "quyen ffu lien" (firsi-lo-file) ngtfdc lai vdi So 11 -Thang 5/2020 65 TArmciKiiMK nguydn tic "quyln stf dung" iTirst-to-use) dtfdc dl cip de'n dinh nghia ve nhan hidu ndi tid^ng Luit Sd hflu tri tud va khoin Dieu Nghi dinh 103 Bii vid't khing dinh thtfc tiln sff dung Ii mot tidu chi quan trpng nha'l d l mgt nhan hidu dapc cdng nhan li mdt nhan hidu ndi tid'ng Chinh nhd qui trinh sff dung Udn tuc mi nhin hidu mdi dffdc ngffdi tidu dflng bilt de'n Bdn canh dd, cd stf miu thuan gifla quy dinh diem Diiu 75 vl so ltfdng qudc gia bio h$ nhan hi|u vi quy dinh tai khoin 20 Diiu 4, Luit Sd hiTu tri tud- Dinh nghia tai Diiu ydu clu nhan hi^u ndi tilng chi can dtfdc ngtfdi tidu dilng biet din rOng rii trdn toin linh thd Viet Nam tidu chf cdng nhin lai ndu sd ltfdng qudc gia Nlu lu§t cic qudc gia cd quy dinh vide dang k;^ cflng nhff cdng nhin cua mdt cd quan sd hflu tri tud li diiu ki|n d l xic lip quyen ddi vdi mdt nhin hidu nli tid'ng la dieu khdng hdp Iy Bdi vide cdng nhin hoac ding k$ se tao mdt nhin hi|u bi't biln, trii vdi nguydn tic sff dung lidn tuc [1-khoin Diiu 75] ciia nhan hieu ndi tid'ng Trtfdc dSy, da cd m^t s6 cd quan sd hflu H' t u | qud'c gia ydu c^u WIPO tid'n hinh nhi 'i J^'" "^^"^ nhin nhan hidu ndi tiling Tuy nhidn "•'• IPO ^^ tit chd'i vdi ly ndu trdn Con CPTPP cung quy dinh v l lidu chf xic dinh mtfc dO ndi tid'ng ciia nhan hi|u nhtf sau: "Khdng Bdn nio dtfdc quy dinh diiu ki|n d l xic dinh mdt nhan hidu l i n l i tid'ng l i nhan hidu dd da dtfdc ding ky tai Bdn dd hoic m$t lanh thd tai phin khic, hoic dtft^c l i | t ke mdt danh sich cic nhin hidu nli tilng, ho$c da dff