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BIEU HIEN VAN HOA CONG NGHIEP HOC SINH TRUNG HOC PHO THONG HIEN NAY NghlSn ciru duoc tai trp bdi Quy Phat tri^n Khoa hoc v^ Cong ngh$ Qudc gia (NAFOSTED) 66 t^i: Giao due van hoa cong nghiep cho hgc sinh nha tnrdng thong; Ma sd: VI2.5-2011.13; PGS J S Dao Thj banh l^m chii nhiSm PGS.TS Dao Thj Oanh Vien Nghiin cifu Suphgm, Trudng Dai hgc Suphgm Hd Ndi U Quang Hung Tru&ng Dai hgc Suphgm Hd Ngi T O M TAT Gido due vdn hda cong nghiep tie lau da Id mgt ngi dung quan trgng nhd tru&ng phd thong & cdc nuac phdt trien, song cdn khd mdi me d nu&c ta Hoc sinh trung hgc phd thdng hdm se gia nhap vdo luc lugng lao dgng phuc vu cong nghiep hda, hien dai hda ddt nude mai Vi the, tim hieu thuc trgng bieu hien vdn hda cdng nghiep & hoc sinh trung hoc phd thdng Viet Nam hien ldm co s& de xudt bien phdp gido due phu hcrp ve linh vuc ndy nhdm gdp phdn ndng cao chdl lugng ngudn nhdn luc Id viec ldm cdn thiet Ddy cung Id ndi dung md bdi bdo ndy de cap den TCr khoa: Vdn hda; Vdn hda cong nghiep; Bieu hien vdn hda cdng nghiep Ngdy nhdn bdi 20/7/2015; Ngdy duyet ddng bdi: 25/3/2017 ABSTRACT Industrial culture education has long been an important element in high schools in developed countries, but quite new in our country High school students today will Join workforce in the near future Therefore, it is essential lo investigate the expressions of industrial culture among high school students in Vietnam, which provides basis for proposing educational measures in the right direction on this field in order lo improve the quality of human resources This is also ihe content of this article Key words: Culture; Industrial Culture; Expression of Industrial Culture TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, So'4 (217), - 2017 l.D^tvSnde d nude ta, nhihig nam gdn ddy, mdt sd khia canh cila vdn hda cdng nghiep vdi hr cdch Id nhimg phdm chdt nhdn each quan trgng cua ngudi lao ddng xa hdi cdng nghiep hien dai da dugc nghidn cdru tren ddi ngii can bd cdng chirc, cdng nhdn, ndng ddn, tri thiirc (Ngd Minh Khang, Nguyen Duy Bdc, Hodng Chi Bdo, Cao 'Van Lugng, Vu Dflng, Dd Long, Ld Thi Thu Thiiy, Ld Thi Thanh Huong ) Bdn canh nhiing phdm chdt tdt vdn cd d ngudi Viet Nam, cac tac gid cung chi mdt sd biSu hidn hdnh vi khdng phu hgp cdn khd phd bidn d ngudi lao ddng ldm viec khidn ldm gidm chat lugng, hieu qua cdng viec: tiiy tien; thidu ky luat; tinh tu chiu trach nhidm cd nhdn kem; khdng tinh ddn hieu qua kinh td, siic luc, thdi gian; ngai thay ddi; "vao mudn sdm"; "cdu gid"; trang phuc chua chudn muc Nguyen nhdn eo bdn dugc chi la tdm Iy tidu ndng, phuong thiic sdn xudt nhd cdn nang ne vd nhdt Id nen tang gido due chua dap irng yeu cdu cua qud trinh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda Dd xay dung va phat trien dat nude trd nen vdn minh hien dai, nhdt thiet phdi ed nhung ngudi hien dai Giao due vd ddo tao gdp phan quan trgng viec cung cap ngudn nhan luc chat lugng cao cho xa hdi Dd la nhirng ngudi lao ddng cd tri thuc, chuyen nghiep, trach nhiem, ban ITnh, trung thyc, cd tu phe phan, sang tao, khd ndng thich img cao de cd thd lam viec hieu qud mdi trudng toan cdu hda, vira hgp tdc vira canh tranh Dieu ndy ddi hdi nhung thay ddi can ban vc giao due bdi cdnh mdi, thd hien d ndi dung, phuong phap, hinh thuc td chiic, mdi trudng gido due cho phdi gdp phan tri, bdo tdn va phat trien eac gia trj van hda truyen thdng va hien dai nhu muc tieu ciia Chuong trinh Giao diic phd thdng da dd Phuong phap, mau khach the nghien ciiu * Phuang phdp dugc sd dung gom: Nghien ciru tdi lieu, diiu /ra viil, phdng van sdu, ihdng Ice todn lioc Cdng cu danh gid chu yeu la thang bieu hien van hda cdng nghiep danh cho hgc sinh THPT Thang gdm 126 menh de, la dang thang cau true hda, vdi cac chi sd ky thuat dugc kiem nghiem va danh gia theo md hinh ii'ng dap cau hdi Rasch va phdn mdm ConQuest He sd Alpha thu dugc Ircn loan thang la 0,94, cdn d tirng mat bieu hien van hda cdng nghiep la: 0,92 (Tu cdng nghiep - 32 menh dd); 0,97 (Trach nhiem xa hdi - 46 menh de); 0,92 (Tac phong cdng nghiep - 22 menh dd); 0,95 (l/ng xir va dao dtlc cdng nghiep - 26 menh dd) Bieu hien cac mat van hda cdng nghiep dugc danh gia theo mtlc do: "kem" "> cu "trung binh", "kha", "tdt" vdi diem dinh lugng tucmg ling dugc quy udc la I ,_"2 , " ' , "4", "5" Nhu vay, dietu trung binh cdng tdi da cd the dat dugc la va tdi thieu la I Bieu hien van hda cdng nghiep ciia hgc sinh dugc danh gia dua 32 TAP CHI TAM l y HOC, Sd (217), - 2017 trgn kk qua hoc sinh tir danh gia, co d6i chilu voi kk qua cua giao vien va ciia phu huynh thu duac tir thang * Khdch thi nghien ciiru: gdm 692 hpc sinh dang hoc lop 12 tail tnrang THPT thupc dia ban tinh/thanh tren ca nuac la Son La, Quang Ninh, Ha Npi, Hue, Bh Ning, Dik Lak, ph6 H6 Chi Minh Ca ciu miu: 252 hgc sinh nam va 440 no-; 159 em c6 hgc lire trung binh, 399 - kha, 134 - gioi; 365 hgc sinh a khu vuc thdnh thj va 367 em or khu vuc nong thon Mlu khach thd nghien cuu co 31 giao vien va 29 phu huynh hpc sinh Ket qua nghien cu'u 3.1, Kit qud nghien cu-u ly lugn a/Khdi niem van hda Trong nghiSn cim nay, vSn hoa dugc hieu la "todn bg gid tri vat chdt vd tinh thdn da duac nhdn loai sdng tgo qud trinh hogt dgng thuc tien lich sir - xd hoi, the hien moi quan he quat ciia ngu&i doi v&i the gi&i, moi quan he ma thong qua ngu&i sdng tgo the gi&i vd sdng tao chinh ban thdn minh" [7] b/ Khdi niem vdn hoa cong nghiep ("Industrial Culture") Dua theo dinh nghia neu tren ve "Van hoa" va each hieu chung ve "Xa hpi cong nghiep" [2], [7], [9], nhom nghien cuu dua mpt "dinh nghTa de lam viec" ve van hoa cong nghiep nhu sau: Vdn hda cong nghiep Id todn bg nhimg gid tri vat chdt vd tinh thdn duac ngu&i sdng tao xd hoi cdng nghiep, the hien & cdch suy nghT, cdch img xir cua ngu&l moi quan he v&i bdn thdn, v&i cong viec, v&i nhiing ngu&l khdc, v&i moi tru&ng tu nhien c/ Bieu hien vdn hoa cong nghiep Theo each hieu tren, van hoa cong nghiep la mgt khai niem rat rgng, co bieu hien phong phii, phat trien theo su phat trien cua xa hpi Dd la nhung hdnh vi, cir chi the hien suy nghT, thdi cua ngu&i cong nghiep moi quan he v&i bdn thdn v&i cong viec, v&i ngu&i khdc Nghien ciiu tap trung lam ro muc dp hien co va cac yeu to tac dgng tai bieu hien van hoa cong nghiep, thong qua ITnh virc: Tu- cong nghiep, Trdch nhiem xa hoi, Tdc phong cong nghiep, Lfngxu vd dgo ditc cdng nghiep [\], {6], [8| d/Bieu hien van hda cong nghiep & hgc sinh THFTdxigc xac dinh dua tren sir phan tich dac diem tam ly va tinh chat hoat dpng chu dao cua lua tuoi Do ta nhung hanh vi, cu chi the hien suy nghT, thai dp ciia hgc sinh THPT m6i quan he vai ban than, vai cong viec, vai nguai khac Npi dung cac mat bi6u hien van hoa cong nghiep ciia hpc sinh THPT duac xac dinh d^ nghien cuu, gom: Ton TAP CHI TAM L? HOC, So (217), - 2017 33 trgng tri thiic vd lu hgc hoi, Tu phdn bien, Thich ung vai sif thay ddi, Tu chiu trdch nhiem, Tdn trgng ky cuang, Tdn trgng su cam Icet, Ke hogch vd linh chuyen nghiep, Coi trgng chdt lugng vd hieu qud, Trung thirc, Hgp Idc Bang 1: Ndi dung vd ddu hieu ca bdn bieu Men vdn hda cdng nghiep a hgc sinh trung hgc phd thdng Mat bieu hien Tir cong nghiep Noi dung bieu hien Dau hieu c c ban (1) Ton tri thiJc va tir hoc hoi (1) Cap nhat tri thuc va cong nghe mai (2) Cach thiic hpc tap hieu qua (3) Dinh hirong nghe nghiep (nghe doi hoi tri thirc hien d^i) (2) Tir phan bien (4) Phan tich, danh gia van de dira tren minh chimg khoa hgc (5) Phan tich, danh gia vin 6% mgt each da chilu (6) Tir duy ly (3) Thich ting Vffi SU" thay doi (7) ChSp nhan thirc t8 (8) Dam thay doi (dan than, trai nghiem) (9) Lirong truoc nhung kho khan (10) Tir quan, chu dong cong viec, quan he (11) Dam nhan trach nhiem (12) No luc hoan nhiem vu (chii tam vao nhiem vu duac giao) (13) Ky luat tu giac (14) Ky cuong (15) Trong trach xa hoi (16) Ton loi hiia (17) Ton trpng doi tac (18) Coi lai ich cac ben (19) Lap ke hoach va thuc hien theo ke hoach (20) Tinh chuyen nghiep (4) Tu chiu trach nhiem Trach nhiem xa hoi (5) Ton ky CU'OTlg (6) Ton trgng sir cam ket Tac phong cong nghiep ling xif va dao due cong nghiep 34 (7) Ke hoach va chuyen nghiep (8) Coi chat lugng va hieu qua (9) Trung thirc (10) Hgp tac (21) Dat muc tieu hpc tap (trong lop, ngoai lap) (22) Quan ly tot cac nguon lire cua ban than (23) Hu Jng tai dap irng nhu ciu phat trien ban than (24) That tha, thang (25) Khach quan, cong bang (26) Giu chu tin (27) Hieu biet ton su khac biet (28) Quan tam, chia se (29) Cai mo than thien TAP CHI'TAM LV HOC, So'4 (217), - 2017 3.2 Kit qud nghien cu-u thitc tien KSt qua thSng ke dugc tinh theo hai dai lugng: DiSm trung binh cong cua moi mirc va ty le % hoc sinh dat d cac muc Viec phto tich ket qua nghien ciiu thirc tiln se dugc tiSn htoh theo cac tham s6 so sanh: giod tinh, hoc luc, dia ban (noi - ngoai thanh; dia phuong) Phan tfch kit qua thuc trang dugc bat dSu bSng viec danh gia chung ca mat bieu hien van hoa cflng nghigp Sau xem xet cu th6 timg mSt biSu hien de lam ro nhttng khia canh rifing 3.2.1 Ddnh gid Idng hap ve bieu hien vdn hda cdng nghiep d hoc sinh THPT Bdng 2: Tdng hgp mirc dd bieu hien cdc mat vdn hda cdng nghiep a hgc sinh THPT (N = 692) STT Mat bieu hien van hoa cong nghiep BTB Do lech chuan TLT cons nghiep 2,19 0,34 Trach nhiem xa hoi 2,96 0,40 Tac phong'cong nghiep 3,05 0,42 Ung xir va dao dire cong nghiep 3,12 0,40 Ghi chit: Diem trung binh cao nhdt Id 5, thdp nhdt la De dang quan sat thay muc dat dugc tat ca cac mat bieu hien chu yeu la "trung binh" va "yeu" Co su khac biet ve diem so giiia cac mat bieu hien Theo do, cao nhat la mat "LTng xur va dao diic cong nghiep", tiep la "Tac phong cong nghiep", roi den "Trach nhiem xa hpi", thap nhat la "Tu cong nghiep" Phan tich thong ke cho thay, su khac biet la co y nghTa ro ret Diiu cang ro net so sanh miic bieu hien van hoa cong nghiep ciia hpc sinh THPT theo cac bien s6 Cu thJ: * So sdnh theo gidi tinh Sir khac biet co y nghia thong ke ct ca mat bieu hien vdi miic y nghia p = 0,003 a "Tu cong nghiep" (trong kk qua cua nam cao hon ciia nO) va p < 0,001 o "Trach nhiem xa hoi"; "Tac phong cong nghiep"; "ling xir va dao diic cong nghiep" (trong kk qua ciia nu cao hon ciia nam) * So sdnh theo dia bdn' Co sif lihac biet tit ca cac mat biiu hien nhung chi "Tv: cong nghiep" la co y nghTa thdng ke voi p = 0,04 tSt ca cac mat, kit qua ciia hpc sinh ngoai diu cao hon kit qua ciia hpc sinh npi Kit TAP CHi TAM LV HOC, So (217), - 2017 35 qua se la van dl can dugc xem xet sau hom nhiJng nghien ciiu sau Tuong tu, so sanh kit qua thu dugc giua cac tinh/thanh miu nghien cim cho thjy su khac biet co y nghia thflng ke o "Trach nhiem xa hoi" (p = 0,001); "Tae phong cong nghiep" (p = 0,017); "Ung xu va dao diic cong nghiep" (p = 0,001) Rieng a mat "Tu cong n ^ e p " , sir khac biet khong co y nghTa thSng ke voi p = 0,21 * So sdnh Iheo xip loai hoc luc: Su khac biet co y nghia thong ke a tSt ca cac mat biiu hien voi p = 0,048 a "Tu cong nghiep"; p = 0,009 a "Trach nhiem xa hpi"; p = 0,019 o "Tac phong cong nghiep" va p = 0,038 a "LTng xir va dao ddc cong nghiep" Khuynh huong chung thu dugc nghien cim la: Nhom hoc sinh hpc lire "Kha" co ket qua bieu hien van hoa cong nghiep cao hon mat "Trach nhiem xa hpi", "Tac phong cong nghiep", "Cng xir va dao dire cong nghiep" Trong do, nhom hpc lire "Gidi" co ket qua cao hon mat "Tu cdng nghiep" Ket qua danh gia chung ve thuc trang bieu hien van hoa cdng nghiep ciia hpc sinh THPT cdn dugc the hien d sd lugng hpc sinh timg mirc dp bieu hien Theo do, khdng cd hpc sinh nao dat mirc d ea mat; cd hpc sinh (1,01%) dat mirc d ca mat; 236 hpc sinh (34,1%) - dat mirc d ca mat; hpc sinh (0,28%) - dat mirc d ca mat; hpc sinh (0,43%) - dat mirc d ca mat bieu hien Sd hpc sinh cdn lai cd mure dp dat dugc la rat khac d cac mat bieu hien cua van hda cdng nghiep (vi du, cd mat dat mirc 5; mat mirc 4; mat mirc 3; ) Ket qua nghien ciru eho thay: - Sd lugng hpc sinh tu danh gia d mirc cao khdng nhieu; Khdng cd em nao mau nghien cim dat ca mat biiu hien d mirc - "tdt" (0%); chi cd 7/692 em cd mat bieu hien deu d mirc - "kha" (1,01%); - Da sd hpc sinh tu danh gia dat mirc ("trung binh") d ca mat biiu hien (236/792 chiem 34.1%), dd cung cd mdt sd dang kl vuon len mirc ("kha") d mot ddi mat (85/792 -12,3%.) hoac vin cd mpt mat d mirc - "jlu" (95/792 - 13,7%i); - "Van cdn cd mot bp phan hpc sinh tu danh gia bieu hien van hda cdng nghiep d miic thip - chi tir mirc trd xudng - "yiu" va "kem" (27/792 - 3,87%) Tu\ khdng phai la tat ca song so sanh kct qua tu danh gia cua hpc sinh \di ket qua danh gia cua giao vien thi thiy tirng mat khao sat diu cd su chenh lech ve diem sd d mdt sd menh de ("Tiip nhan kiln thirc dua tren su phan tich khoa hpc ciia ban than": "Lam viee ciia tap thi cung tdt nhu viec cua chinh minh ), Dieu na\ khien cho viec danh gia cSn mpt sir than trpng nhat dinh 36 TAP CHi TAM LV HOC, Sd (217) - 2017 3.2.2 Bdnh gid timg mat biiu Men vdn hda cdng nghiep a hgc sinh a/ Biiu hien van hda cdng nghiep ciia hoc sinh g mat "Tu diiv cdng nghiep" Ddi voi hpc sinh THPT, tu cong nghiep dugc thi hien thong qua mdt sd khia canh chu yiu, la dac trung cdt loi cua van hda cdng nghiep, nhu: Thdi quen quan sat, tim hilu tri thiic khoa hpc; trao ddi vdi ban be, thSy CO giao vl nhirng tri thu'c va qua trinh tiip thu tri thirc khoa hoc; - Tham gia vao cac cau lac bd hpc tap ciia nha trudng, cac cupc thi khoa hpc cdng nghe d va ngoai tardng; - Tuan thii nhirng nguyen tac khoa hpc, nang lire suy ngam, phan bien trorig qua trinh tiep thu tri thitc khoa hoc; - Chap nh&i y tudng ciia ngudi idiac, tinh than chap nhan thu thach, dam tim tdi, dam thuc hien theo chii kidn cua ban than Ket qua tu danh gia ciia hpc sinh d mat "Tu cdng nghiep" cd diem trung binh la 2,19 - d mirc "yen" Trong cae npi dung bieu hien eua "Tu cdng nghiep" thi "Tdn trpng tri thirc va tu hpc hdi" cd diem trung binh thap nhat so vdi ndi dung cdn lai la "Tu phan bien", "Dinh hudng nghe nghiep" va "Thich irng vdi sir thay ddi" Ngugc lai, "Dinh hudng nghe nghiep" cd ket qua cao nhSt Khi soat cae bieu hien cu the, ta thay, nhttng bieu hien duge it hpc sinh lira ehpn la nhung menh de lien quan den viec "Chii dpng tham gia vao cac hoat ddng nghien cihi" (DTB = 1,23), sang tao "Lam dung cu phuc vu hpc tap cho ban than tu cac phe heu" (DTB = 1,13) hay viec "Dam bdc Id suy nghT cua minh trude nhung van de dang gay hanh luan" (DTB = 1,41), "Giai bai tap theo each khac vdi each cua giao vien" (DTB = 1,81), "Van dung kien thirc da hpc vao giai thich cac hien tugng tu nhien, xa hdi" (DTB = 1,45) hoac thdi quen "Ludng trude khd khan cd the gap phai tnroc lam mpt vice gi dd" (DTB = 1,60) Tuong tu, d lira tudi nay, hpc sinh dudng nhu it quan tam den cac su kien lien quan den ddi sdng khoa hpe cdng nghe dien d nude ciing nhu qudc le (DTB lan lupt la 1,65 va 2,07) Sd hpc sinh cho rang sau se lira chon lam viec ITnh vuc khoa hpc cdng nghe ciing rat khiem Idn (DTB = 1,64) Cac bieu hien dugc nhieu hpc sinh lira chon hon lien quan den viec chap nhan thuc te ban than (DTB = 3,44); chip nhan vugt qua khd khan, thach thiic tir cdng viec (DTB = 3,05) Ngudi cd tu cdng nghiep ciin cd thdi quen quan sat, y muon tim hilu, giai thich cac hien tugng tu nhien, xa hpi xung quanh minh Lien quan din vin dl nay, chi cd 5/31 giao vien (16,1%) danh gia hpc sinh d mirc dp "thuc hien nhiiu", cdn danh gia d miic dp "it thirc hien" Ta 16/31 giao vien (51,6%) Cd thi TAP CHiTAM Lt HOC, Sa'4 (217), - 37 ndi, chua nhiiu hpc smh cd pham chat Nhu vay^ thdi quen, nang luc quan sat, neu thSc mJc va khat vpng ly giai nhung diiu diin xung quanh minh rSt eSti dugc ren luyfin cho hgc sinh THPT bdi dd la nhung phSm chit va nang lire rit quan trgng ddi vdi ngudi lao dong dl phue vu va phat trien xa hpi cong nghiep hien dai Khach quan ma ndi thi viec hpc sinh tham gia vao cac cau lac bg hgc tap hay cac cugc thi khoa hpc cdng nghe d v i ngoai nha trudmg khdng phai la diiu dl dang hien vin cdn kha nhieu trudng hpc chua thuc hien hoac cd thyc hien nhung khdng thudng xuyen Ngoai ra, cdn cd vin de vl chat lugng, hieu qua td chiic cac boat ddng dd Khi dugc hdi vl vin dl nay, y kiln ciia giao vien la: "chua thuc hien"-6/31 (19,4%); "It thue hien" - 17/31 (54,8%); "thuc hien theo dinh ky" - 6/31 (19,4%); "thuc Men thudng xuyen" - 2/31 (6,45%) Rit co thi hpc sinh se thich tham gia neu nhu hinh thirc td chiic, ngi dung boat dpng ciia cac cau lac bd khoa hpc la hap dan, loi cudn Vai trd cita giao vien bd mdn, giao vien chu nhiem va cac nhan td tich cue tap the idp, Doan Thanh nien, tinh linh hoat phuong thirc boat dgng la cae yeu td quan trpng viec hinh va phat huy hieu qua cua cac cau lac bd khoa hpe nha truong phd thdng Ngudi cd tu cdng nghiep khdng the thieu thai dp nghiem tuc tuan thu nhung nguyen tae, quy che la co sd cua tinh ky luat trpng suy nghT, hanh ddng Tat ca giao vien deu cho la "can" va "rat can" ddi vdi ngudi hien dai Danh gia ciia giao vien ddi vdi hgc sinh ve bieu hien "Hanh ddng dua tren nguyen tSc" phan anh rd sir thieu hut Ching han, 16/31 giao vien dupe hdi cho rang hpc sinh cdn "chua thuc hien" hoac "it thirc hien" (51,6%i) Sd cho rang "thudng xuyen thyc hien" la 6/31 (19,4%) Thai dp ton trpng ky cuong, cam ket, hanh ddng theo nguyen tac khdng mau thuan vdi tu ddc lap, vdi nang lyc phan bien d ngudi cd van hda cdng nghiep Nin giao due phong kiln khien ngudi hpc trd nen thu ddng, tiep thu mpt each may mdc va chua that dl cao vai trd cua ngudi hpc Ngay nay, hpc sinh dugc xem la trung tam ciia qua trinh day hpc, nang lyc tu ddc lap va tinh thin chu dpng cua hpc sinh dugc de cao Song thyc te van cd khdng it hpc sinh lilp thu kiln thuc mpt each thu ddng: chua cd thdi quen cung nhu nang lyc phan tich, giai thich; chua nhieu em san sang tiep thu y tudng mdi cua cac ban hay cd ging tim tdi, cai tien hinh ihirc hoat dpng xa hpi, dean thi b/ Bieu hien van hda cdng nghiep eua hoc sinh d mat "Trach nhiem xa hdi" Vc mat na\ cac khia canh cin phan tich chii yiu tap trung vao: - rach nhiem ciia hgc sinh ddi vdi ban than, ddi vdi cdng viec chung TAPCHiTAMLyHOC, S6'4 (217), - - Trach nhiem cua hpc sinh giao tiip, hgp tac vdi ban be, vdi ngudi khac; - Trach nhidm cua hpc sinh ddi vdi moi truong tu nhien xung quanh Nhin ehung, tu danh gia cua hpc sinh THPT vl trach nhiem xa hoi dat miic - mirc "trung binh" vdi diem trung binh la 2,96 Ket qua tra loi cho thiy, phin Ion hgc sinh miu nghien ciiu da c6 gatig thyc hien cae nhiSm vu vdi kit qud tdt nhit cd fhl, nd luc khing dinh minh, nhat la ed hiing thu hay dugc khuyin khieh kip thdi; dam chiu trach nhiem tnrdc kit qua cdng viec chit khdng trdn tranh, khdng Idi cho ngudi khac Dd la bieu hien cua y thirc khing dinh su trudng thanh, khing dinh nhan each ddc lap eua lira tudi minh Ben canh dd, vin cdn mpt bp phan hpc sinh hay ne tranh trach nhiem, ehua thyc sy nd lyc dl hoan tdt nhiem vu dugc giao (cd 9/31 - 29%p sd giao vifin dugc hdi danh gia mat cua cae em d mite "it thyc hien" hoac "chua thyc hien") Dac biet, d m$nh de "Xiu hd that bira vdi nguoi khac", da sd giao vien danh gia la hpc sinh cdn it cd biSu hien (17/31 - chiem 54,8%) Khi tu danh gia ve diem nay, giua hpc sinh ngoai va hpc sinh ngi cd sy phan hda rd rSt, ty le tra Idi "chua thyc hien" hoSe "thudng xuyen thyc hien" d hpc sinh ngoai la nhieu ban Trong trach nhiem xa hdi, thai dp giao tiep, trach nhiem hgp tae vdi ban be, vdi nguiri khac cd y nghTa quan trpng Phan Idn hpc sinh THPT san sang nhan nhiem vy tSp the \6p, chi doan giao phd Da so giao vien cho rang, qua trinh hgp tac (hpc tap, boat ddng tap the ), hpe sinh da nghiem tiic lam theo hudng dan, tuan thu quy dinh va khdng trdn tranh trach nhiem Dd la nhttng dieu tdt, dang khuyen khieh Song, ban che cua kha nhieu em d mat la chua biet lang nghe, ehua "chiu nghe het" y kien ciia ngudi khac, cdn thieu tinh than dau tranh vdi cac hanh vi sai trai Idp hpc (12/31 - chiem 38,7% so giao vien dugc hdi danh gia d mire dp "it thyc hien") Khuyen khieh tinh than, phuong phap phe binh, dau tranh mdt each hieu qua la viin de ma cac giao vien cd trach nhiem giao due, hudng dan hpc sinh Ve trach nhiem ddi vdi mdi trudng xung quanh, ket qua ty danh gia ciia hgc sinh va danh gia eda giao vien la kha quan va kha nhat quan Y thirc "Gitt gin, chain sdc cay cd, vudn trudng" dugc da sd hgc sinh thuc hien thudng xuyen Viec "Bao ve mdi trudng sdng, sach se cua trudng, lop" cung dugc cac em chii y Dac biet, da sd giao vien deu khiing dinh cac em da thyc hien tdt viec "Bao ve tai san chung ciia lop, cua trudng" Cd mgt ban che d day la khdng it hgc sinh cdn "Chua chi dgng tham gia" hoac "Chua nhac nhd ban be, ngudi than cham sdc, giu gin mdi trudng sinh thai d noi cdng cdng" (vdi dilra irung binh la 2.54 d hpc sinh va 2,68 d giao vien) TAP CHi TAM Vi HOC, Sd4 (217), - 2017 39 Ben canh dd, cdn mdt so biiu hien khac d mat "Trach nhifim xa hpi" cd diim trung binh thip, la: "Bao ve y kiln, hanh vi dung ciia ban thSn" (DTB = 1,86); "Bao ve hanh vi dung cua ngudi khac" (DTB = 2,73); "TSp ttung chii y ndi chuyen vdi ngudi khac" (DTB = 2,21); "Ndi loi "Cam on"/"Xin Idi" cin thiit" (D'TB = 2,78); "Hoan bai i&p vl nha diing thdi ban" (DTB = 2,77) Kit qua ggi nhiiu suy nghT ddi vdi cac nha giao due va cac bSc phy huynh c/ Biiu hien van hda cdng nghiep ciia hoe sinh d mat "Tae tihong cdng nghiep" Kit qua ty danh gia vl thyc hien cae yeu cau thupc "Tac phong cdng nghiep" cua hpc sinh dat mirc "trung binh" (DTB = 3,05) va dimg thir so mat biiu hien eiia van hda cdng nghiep Ciing voi "Tu cong nghiep", "Tac phong cdng nghiep" dugc xem la mat bieu hien rat dac trung cua van hda cdng nghiep, cua xa hdi cdng nghiep Ca tac phong cdng nghiep lln tu cdng nghiep diu dugc hinh qua qua trinh trai nghiem lau dai trpng boat dpng ciia ca nhan va dugc bieu hien thdng qua eac hoat ddng dd Ddi vdi liia tudi hpc sinh, tac phong cdng nghiep dugc bieu hien qua boat ddng hpe tap, tu duiJng va qua tac phong sinh boat, giao tiep hang Khia canh dau tien ciia tac phong cdng nghiep g hpc sinh la tinh ky luat hpc tap: Gid giac, quy dinh ve thdi gian, quy dinh ve trang phuc, dd diing hpc tap den trudng Sd lugng hpe sinh den Idp mudn, mudn gid tham gia eac sinh boat tap the la rat h, nhat la doi vdi nhttng trudng cd quy dinh chat che ve gid ddng cdng Da sd hpc sinh thyc hien tdt viee mac ddng phue, deo phil hieu, mang day du tai lieu, dung eu hpe tap di hpc khien hau het giao vien dugc hdi deu hai Idng Chi mpt sd rat it em cdn qua ty do, "chuong la" irong each tao dau tdc, giiy sir chii y, phan cam T'ac phong cdng nghiep cdn the hien qua thai dp, each thuc thyc hien cdng viec each irng xir qua trinh tuong tac Ve su toan tam toan y hoan tdi cdng viec dugc giao kct qua thu dugc cd khac giira tu danh gia ciia hgc sinh so vdi danh gia ciia giao vien Theo dd, hpe sinh tu nhan mue eao hon, cdn giao vien lai cho ring hgc sinh "it thuc hien" (7/31 - chiim 21,7%) I uong lu cd 13/31 (chiem 40,3%)) giao vien ndi rang, hpc sinh hay ndi chuyen phicm irong lam viee, Thdi qu ;n anh hudng tdi dp lap trung tri lyc, tdi khdng nghiem tiic ciia boat dgng lap thi Da sd giao vien nhan xet tdt ve Ihdi quen ciia hpc sinh viee sit dung thiet bi dd diing hpc tap theo dung quy trinh ky thuat cung nhu bao ve dd diing phuong tien hpc tap cita ca nhan va ciia Idp Diiu ril dang dupe khieh le bdi v'l tdn trgng qu\ trinh ky thuat lii phim chit quan trpng cita ngudi CO tac phong cdng nghiep Phan Idn hpc sinh ed ging hoan diing Ihdi TAP CHI TAM l y HOC, Sd (217), - 2017 ban, diing yeu ciu va vdi kit qua tdt nhit cd thi nhttng cong viSc dugc giao E)4y eOng la uu diim rit dang khuyin khieh bdi d liia tudi hoc sinh da y thiic kha cao vl danh dy, vl gia tri ban than (cd 12/31 = 37,2% so giao vien danh gii cac em "thyc hien nhiiu"; 16/31 - 49,6% danh gia "ludn luon thyc hien"; 3/31 - 9,3% danh gia "it thyc hien") Thyc tl giao dye nha trudng da_chiing to rang, niu hpe sinh thyc su hirng thu vdi cdng viec, niu boat ddng dugc td chirc, dpng vien kip thdi thi hpc sinh se hoc Id nhirng nang lyc bit ngd ma thudng thay co giao chua thi nhan AI Biiu hien van hda cdng nghiep d mat "LTng xu va dao dire cong nghiep" Tinh each, pham chat ngudi bdc Id img xii qua hai chieu quan he chii yeu: Vdi ngudi khac va vdi chinh ban than minh "iTng xir va dao due cdng nghiep" vua ke thira eac yiu Id img xir va dao dire Iruyen thdng vua mang yeu td van minh, cdng nghiep Ket qua la, mpt mat van gitt duge nhttng gia tri cdt loi, quy bau van hda truyen thdng; mat khac, dugc bdc Id qua nhimg biiu hien mang phong each cdng nghiep, ching ban, sin sang nhan va sua chtta loi lim cua ban than; thua nhan qua ciia ngudi khac; tdn trpng suy nghT, y kien, sd thich c'ia ban/ngudi khac; hgp tac v.v Ddi vdi hpc sinh THPT, "Ung xtt va dao due cdng nghiep" chii yeu dugc the hien qua hoat dpng hpe tap va giao liep xa hdi Ket qua danh gia chung ve bieu hien cac mat bieu hien van hda cdng nghiep ciia hpc sinh THPT cho thay, mat "ung xir va dao diic cdng nghiep" cd diem trung binh cao nhat (DTB = 3,12 - dat mirc "trung binh") Mdt khia canh quan trpng mdi quan he vdi ngudi khac ciia hpc sinh THPT la sy tdn trpng y kien, khii nang, sd thich ciia ban be, biet chap nhan sy khac biel Khac vdi hgc sinh THCS la lua ludi Ihudng di irng vdi cac khac biet, tham chi dd ki vdi nang lyc vugl trdi, sy cdng ciia ban lop, hpe sinh THPT dudng nhu biet chap nhan hon Cae em mudn dupe Idn trpng, dugc tu khang dinh, song eiing biel ton trpng sd trudng, nang luc eda ngudi khae Trong nen san xual cdng nghiep mdt yeu td mang tinh ban chat la sy hgp tac Do phan cdng lao dgng chuyen mdn hda cao va su lien ket day chuyen nen mdi ea nhan san xuat cdng nghiep la mdt khiiu mgi mat xich cita ea he thdng Vi vay, neu khdng cd su hgp lac se dan den hieu irng domino san xuat Biet tdn trgng chap nhan su khae biet la co sd eua tinh than hpp tac cdng viec chung Tlau het giao vien duge nghien cuu cho rang, phan Idn hpe sinh mudn phat huy the manh cua mgi ngudi vi loi ich chung, biel Iran trpng diem tot ciia ban, thudng cimg ban bac vdi cae ban de tim giai phap tdt nhit, tdn trpng kien diing dan cua tap Ihl Cam thdng, chia se la mpt khia canh quan trpng duoc the hien quan he vdi ngudi khac diem niiy danh gi;i ciia giao vien ve hgc sinh kha TAP CH i TAM LV HOC, Sd (217), - 2017 tdt, qua d6 cho thiy, phin Idn hgc sinh nhift tinh; sin sing chia se, giup b|n bi cimg trudng, 16p ma khong chut din do, tham chi, co nhOng em sta sang chip nhan mgt chiit thiet thdi cho ban thta Ben canh nhiing mi diim ndu h-en, hpc sinh THPT c6n c6 mpt so nhngc diim cin khjc phuc: Cac em ton trpng, chip nhin sd thich, nSng luc, y kifin cua ban nhung lai ngai ngin chi sai sdt cia ban (DTB ty dinh gia cua hoc sinh la 2,97; co 20/31 giao vien (60,2%) danh gia hpc sinh "it thuc hien"), Hoac vin cd mdt s6 it hpc sinh khdng chju thiet thdi, khong ddng long trude bit hanh ciia ban Cau chuyen d trudmg THPT Luong Thi Vinh (Hii Npi) da ndi len sy thuc Khi bd cua mpt ban lop qua ddi, honi 10 viSn td khdng mu6n cung giao vien ehu nhiem Idp den chia buon ciing gia dinh ban Ly chinh la vi mpt s6 phu huynh khdng mudn mtah vl muon, M l hudng den budi di hpc them Trong quan he vdi ban than, diiu co ban la ty y thiic diing dSn ve nang luc, trach nhiem, long tu trpng, tu dd din din kha ning tu dieu chinh hanh vi, hanh ddng Song, d nhieu hpe sinh, long tu bj lim ty ai, din din biiu hien la phan irng thai qua bj phS binh Cd 14/31 giao vien (45,1%) cho rang hpc sinh hay mac nhugc diem Ngoai ra, vin cdn mdt sd hpc sinh khdng cam thiy Sn ban, nudi tile vi hanh ddng sai lim cila minh, sin sang tra dua hi ngudi khac phd binh, gdp ^ Hpc sinh "khdng thich hi phd binh" va cQng "khdng thich phe binh ngudi khac" la lam ban chi sy tiln bd, la nguyen nhan din din sy mat eong bang, thiiu minh bach, "bing mSt mii khdng bSng long", la diiu ma "Dao dire cdng nghiep" khdng thi chip nhSn d thi hd xSy dyng xa hpi van minh, cdng nghiep hien dai tuong lai e/ Mdi tugng quan gitta cac mat biiu hien van hda cdng nghidp d hoc sinh THPT Ket qua nghien cuu cho thiy cd mdi tuong quan thuan, chit, cd y nghia thdng ke gitta "Tu cdng nghiep" vdi "Trach nhiem xS hdi", "Tac phong cdng nghidp" va "LTng xu va dao dire cdng nghiep" (p = 0,01) Diiu n4y cho thay, Idii giao due van hda cdng nghiep cho hpc sinh THPT cin quan tSm giao due ddng thdi eac pham chat nhan each tuong ung d hpc sinh Ket luan chung - Biiu Men van hda cdng nghidp d hpc sinh THPT miu nghidn cuu ehii yiu dat miic "trung binh" Cu thi la d mat "Trach nhidm xa hpi", "Tac phong cdng nghiep", "tfug xir va dao dire cdng nghidp"; - Trong mat, muc dp biiu hien eua "Tu cdng nghidp" la thip nhit - muc "ydu" va kha tap ming, thi hien kha nhit quan d ca diim so tu danh gia 42 TAP CHI TAM Lf HOC, S6'4 (217), - cua hpc sinh iin danh gia cua giao vidn Bieu hien d mSt "Ung xir va dao diic cdng nghidp" la cao nhit, song vin nam d miic "trung binh"; - Cd su khac biet ro ret bidu hien van hda cdng nghiep d hpc sinh THPT xem xet theo gidi tinh, hpe lyc, dia ban sinh sdng Dieu cung cd nghTa rang, cac yeu td dd deu cd anh hudng nhat djnh ddn mire dp bieu hidn van hda cdng nghiep d hpc sinh trpng miu nghidn cim Trong sd dd, ydu td hpe luc cd tugng quan ro hon eae yeu td khac - Cd mdi tuong quan thuan va chat gitta cae ket qua thu dugc eua cac mat bieu hidn van hda cdng nghiep d hpe sinh THPT Diiu ggi y ve ndi dung, phuang phap giao dye van hda cdng nghiep cho hpc sinh phd thdng can duge tien hanh toan dien, ddng bd va ddi hdi thdi gian Tai lieu tham khao Hoang Chi Bao, Vdn hoa vd ngudi Viet Nam tiin trinh cdng nghiep hda Men dai hda theo tu tudng H6 Chi Minh, NXB Chfnh tri Qu6c gia Ha Noi, 2006 Vien Qudc Chin, Ludn vi cdi cdch gido due, NXB Giao due (Ban dich cua Biii Minh Hiin), 200L Chiin luac phdt trien gido due 2011 - 2020 (Ban hanh kem theo Quyit dinh s6 711/QD-TTg 13 thang nam 2012 ciia Thu tudng Chinh phu) Nguyen Van Dam, Tir dien lieng Viet, tuang gidi vd lien tuang, NXB Van hoa Thong tin, 1999 Dang Cong san Viet Nam, Vdn iden Dai hoi Dai hieu todn qudc Idn thie XI, NXB Chinh tri Qudc gia Ha Ngi, 2011 Nguyen Dinh Gam, Nhiing vdn de tdm ly xd hoi irong su nghiep cong nghiep hoa hien dai hoa ddt nude, NXB Chinh tri Qudc gia Ha Ngi, 2003 Pham Minh Hac (Chii bien) Van hoa vd gido due Giao due vd vdn hoa, NXB Giao due Ha Ngi, 1998 Pham Minh Hac, Mot s6 vdn di gido due Viet Nam ddu the ky XXI, NXB Giao due VielNam, HaNoi, 2010 Ronald Inglehart, Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society, Princeton University Press, USA, 1991 TAP CHi TAM LY HOC, Sd (217), - 2017 43 ... nghiep ciia hpc sinh THPT cdn dugc the hien d sd lugng hpc sinh timg mirc dp bieu hien Theo do, khdng cd hpc sinh nao dat mirc d ea mat; cd hpc sinh (1,01%) dat mirc d ca mat; 236 hpc sinh (34,1%)... ngudi hpc Ngay nay, hpc sinh dugc xem la trung tam ciia qua trinh day hpc, nang lyc tu ddc lap va tinh thin chu dpng cua hpc sinh dugc de cao Song thyc te van cd khdng it hpc sinh lilp thu kiln... nghiep a hgc sinh a/ Biiu hien van hda cdng nghiep ciia hoc sinh g mat "Tu diiv cdng nghiep" Ddi voi hpc sinh THPT, tu cong nghiep dugc thi hien thong qua mdt sd khia canh chu yiu, la dac trung cdt
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