Đánh giá thực trạng môi trường của các khu công nghiệp ở vùng bắc trung bộ

JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE SocialSci,, 2014, Vol, 59 No 10 pp 13M41 This paper is available online at hltpV/stdb.hnue.edu DANH GIA THUC TRANG MOI TR0ONG CUA CAC KHU C N G NGHlfeP VUNG BAC TRUNG BQ Le Thi Le Tnldng Dgi hgc Vdn hda Thelhao vd Du lich Thanh Hoa Tom tat Qua kliao sat va nghien cdu mdi trudng cua cac khu cong nghiep (KCN) vung Bic Trung Bd cho thay, ben canh mot ,s6 KCN cd sU nd lUc 16n viec xiy dUng he Ihdng xfl li ngudn chit thai dat quy chua'n Viet Nam (QCVN) vl nidi ttudng ihi ph5n Idn cac KCN dang ddng trUdc tinh trang o nhiem moi Irildng cang Idn Moi trudng nUdc mat va nUdc ngam chda dat quy chuan Viet Nam la 80%, mdt s6 du an Irong cac KCN hoat dong gay nhiem moi ttudng ngudn nude va dil rii Idn cho dia phUdng cd KCN Tinh trang chu gom, van chuyg'n va tai chl nguSn chit thai ran chu ylu dUa vao hinh thflc tu thu gom va thue xd h', d le rac thai chua duoc xd li la 60%, moi trudng khong ciia vimg mdc nhiem thap Trddc thUc le nhiem moi trifdng cac KCN gay cac d p chinh quyin va doanh nghiep san xuat cac KCN cin co cac giiii phap ete phat irien bin vdng KCN Ti( khoa: Khu cong nghiep Bac Trung Bo thUc trang moi IrUdng Mof dau Qua Irinh phat trien bin vflng KCN phai bao dam va nang cao chat lddng mdi Crddng cua dia phddng ed KCN, KCN cd kha nang xd li cdt van de d nhilm mdi trddng, khdng gay anh hudng tieu cdc den mdi trddng sdng vii sdc khde cua ngfldi, bao ve dddc mdi trddng sinh thai Vung Bac Trung Bp hien cd 18 KCN dang hoat ddng vdi long so 238 dd an Sd phaC tnen cua cac KCN vung Bac Trung Bd thdi gian qua da lam thay doi dang ke ddi song kinh tl ciia rap! vung cd nhieu khd khan va kem phaC Cnen, ben canh nhflng Cac dpng ve maC kinh ce, xa hdi thi van de mei trfldng cflng dang dfldc quan tara Nghien cflu vl mdi trudng KCN Viet Nam nhieu lac gia da d l cap den bac cao mdi trddng qudc gia [3], nhien chfla cd cae nghien cdu vl tac ddng mdi crddng cua cac KCN vung Bac Trung Bp Nghi6n cflu ciia Cac gia nham danh gia tac dpng mdi Irddng cua cac KCN, Cfl Chdc trang chic Iddng mdi Crfldng dp hoac ddng ciia cac KCN gay ra, cin Chile phai cd cac bien phap bao ve mdi CrUdng d l phat ttien KCN theo hUdng ben vflng, 2.1 Noi dung nghien cihi Tieu chi danh gia "Bap ve mdi CrUdng KCN la cae hoai ddng nham gifla cho mdi trddng ben va viing xung quanh KCN dfldc sach, cai chien radi ttddng, ngan chan, khac phuc cac hiiu qua xiu Ngay nhan bai 22/3/2014-Ngay nhSn dang 15/9/201' Liln lie LC- Thi Le e-mail lethile80@yalioo com 131 cae hoat ddng cua KCN gay ra" [2], Can cfl quy chl bao ve radi trUdng KCN [2], Theo dd qua ttinh hinh vii phat trien cac KCN deu phai qua cac giai doan quan li cac hoat ddng mdi ttUdng id xet duyet dfl an diu tU xay ddng KCN, xay ddng ling, xet duyet cac dd an diu td viio KCN, hoat ddng cfla KCN Cdng Cac kiem Cra, tra va giam sat radi trddng phai dddc thdc hien thddng xuyen theo dinh ki De bao ve radi Crddng cfla cac KCN thi cac chit thai phat sinh td sd hoaC dpng cua cac KCN cin dam bao cae quy chuan quoc gia vl mdi trddng cua cac KCN [4-9] Tren cd sd quy dinh vl bao ve mdi ttddng cac KCN va cac quy chuan qudc gia (QCVN) vl xd ll nUdc thai, chat diai ran, chit thai nguy hai, d nhilm khdng va tteng dn tac gia xay ddng cac lieu chi danh gia tac dpng mdi ttddng 2.1.1 T i e u chi d a n h gia viec xii li n i i d c t h a i c a c K C N Quy md va tdc dd lang lUdng nddc thai KCN mdi irddng Cae chl sd phan anh chat lddng xfl li ngudn nddc thai tfl KCN mdi trfldng: Tl le sd KCN dat lieu chuan xa thai loai A, loai B va khdng dat Idai B Cac chi so dddc danh gia dfla tren cac chi lieu vl raflc dxy sinh hoa (BOD - biocheraical oxygen demand); dd dxy hoa hpc (CODchemical oxygen deraand), ndng nitd, cadimiura Ti le, so Ifldng KCN cd he thdng xd li nddc thai tap trung 2.1.2 T i e u chi d a n h gia viec xii li c h a t t h a i r a n c a c K C N Khdi Iddng chit thai ran tfl cac hoat ddng san xuil KCN dddc thu gora va xfl Ii, dac biet la cac chic Chai nguy hai Cac chl sd phan anh chit lddng xfl li chit thai ran fd KCN dda tren phfldng phap xfl li rac thai KCN: Ti Ie % lddng rac thai dddc lai chl, Ti IS % lddng rac thai dddc xfl li tai chd; % dddc xd !i bdi cac doanh nghiep xd li rac thai cdng nghiep, Ti Ie, sd lddng KCN cd he thdng xfl li, phan loai chit thai ran Ti le rac thai KCN dddc chdn lap, Ti Ie rac thai dfldc xd Ii blng phddng phap ddi rac va cac phddng phap khac 2.1.3 T i e u chi d a n h gia v a n de n h i e m ve k h o n g k h i Cae chi sd phan anh chat lddng khdng ttong va ngoai KCN, bi tac ddng td boat ddng san xuit cfla KCN: Ndng dp ddc SO2, NO2 Ozone CO, ndng bui Id Iflng (TSP); chl v i n de dlu CU va van hanh cac Crang ihieC bi xfl U nhiira khdng cua cac doanh nghiep ttong KCN 2.2 Phitdng phap danh gia Can cfl cac tieu chi de danh gia mflc dd xfl Ii ngudn chaC thai vdi QCVN va ri le cac KCN cd he thdng xfl ii ngudn chic Chai, Lay mau phan tich tai cac diem Crong vii ngoai KCN vl miu die va mau nUde, khdng va tiing dn Dfla tren so lieu quan trac va cac thdng sd phan tich, kit qua phan lich so sanh vdi Quy chuan mdi Irddng hien hanh ve gidi lian cho phep 2.3 2.3.1 Ket qua danh gia Danh gia vifc xuf li nildc thai cac KCN Ddiili gid kit- ddng mdi trUdng t c khu cdng nghiip viing Bdc Tnmg Bd Bdng I Thuc trang xd li ngudn nUdc thai cdc KCN vimg Bdc Trung Bg Quy mo Ittrtng Chat ItTdng nguon nttdc Tinh hinh xd li nttdc thai nildc thai thai tap trung (m^/ngay.dem) Tinh Thanh 116a Cd nha may xd li nUdc thai 24/33 dd an dat lieu chuan B Le Mon 420 tap ttung, cong suit 200 gia tri C m^/ngay dem 07 dif an dang hoat dpng, c6 ChUa cd nha may xfl li nUdc Lam Sdn 550 05 du an chua dat lieu chuan thai tap Irung, xa thai toai B 17 du an chda dai lieu chuan ChUa c6 nha may xd li nUcIc Bim Sdn 500 xa thai loai B thai tap trung 64/72 du an thai vao he Ihdng thoat nddc KCN, sau ChUa cd nha may xfl li nUdc Tay Bac Ga 200 dd xa thang song cau Hac thai tap irung chUa qua xfl li Tinh Nghe An 15/22 du an dang hoat ddng, ChUa CO nha may xd li nUdc Bac Vinh 500 15 du an chUa dat tieu chuan thai lap trung xa thai loai B Dang xay difng nha may xd 25 du an dang hoat ddng va li thai tap trung lai Khu C Nam Cam 672 chUa dat neu chuan xa thai vdi cong suat Ihiet ke 5.000 loaiB in'^/ngay dem, Giai doan 500 ni'Vngay dem 02 du an dang hoai d6ng, ChUa cd nha may xd If iiJdc Chu a phat sinh chUa cd nddc thai cong Hoang Mai thai lap Irung nddc thai CN nghiep Tinh Ha TTnh 05 dd an dang hoat ddng, ChUa CO nha may xfl li nu6c chda dai lieu chuan xa thai Gia Lach 150 thai tap trung loaiB 06/15 du an dang hoat dpng ChUa CO nha may xd li ndcic 06 du an chUa dai tieu chuan 200 Vung Ang I thai tap trung xa thai loai B 02 dd an dang hoat dong, Chda CO nha may xfl H nddc 55 chUa dai lieu chuan xa Ihai Ihai lap Irung 10 Ha Viing loaiB Tinh Ouanc Binh Trong sd 14/15 dd an dang hoat dpng cd 08 dU an dat ChUa CO he thdng xd Ii nUdc Tay Bac Dong 49 lieu chuin xa thai loai B, 06 11 thai lap ttung Hdi du an khong dat lieu chuan xa thai loai B Cd 01/05 du an dang hoat ChUa cd he thdng xd li nddc Bic Dong Hdi 2,6 dong chUa dat lieu chua'n xa 12 thai tap trung thai loai B TT Khu cong nghiep 13 Cang bien Hdn La 12,5 14 Hon La II 5,3 Co 04/05 du an dang hoat dpng, chUa dat tiSu chuan xa thai loai B 03/05 du an dang boat dpng chUa dat tieu chuam xa thai loaiB Dang xay dUng nha may xfl If nUdc thai tap ttung ChUa cd he thdng xfl li nu6c thai tap trung Tinh Quang Tri 15 Nam Ddng Ha 350 16 Quan Ngang 150 Co 10/28 dd an dang hoat dpng CO 08 du an chUa dat tiSu chuan xa thai loai B Co 05/26 du an dang hoat dong, chUa dat tieu chuan xa thai loai B ChUa CO he thdng xfl li nddc thai tSp trung Chda cd he thong xd li nu6c thai tap trung Tinh Thira Thien-Hue 17 Phu Bai 18 Phong Dien 500 39/54 du an cd he thong thoat nUdc 22 dU an dai lieu chuan xa thai B gia tri C 150 03/08 du an dang hoai ddng dat tieu chuan xa thai loai B Ng,„ Co nha may xd li nd6c thai tap trung, CS, 000 m-Vngay,dgm Nddc thai dudc thu gom, xd If trUdc thai moi IrUdng tl le dat 90% tl ti Khu kmh le cdc ti'nh vung Bdc Trung Bd Qua bang phan lich tren co the Ihiy phin Idn cac KCN vung Bac Trung Bo dlu chda dat lieu chuan xa nUdc thai radi ttUdng, cd ldng sd 179 du an chda dat lieu chuin xa thai loai B theo quy chuan quoc gia ve chat lddng nfldc mat [6] va nddc thai cdng nghiep [4] va nfldc ngara [7] chilm ci le 79% Mdl sd dd an dang gay d nhilm mdi trddng nddc nghiem frong tai KCN Nam Cam anh hddng rit Idn Cdi ddi sdng cua dan ed khu vflc xung quanh nhd, Nha raay che bien hai san ddng lanh cua Cong ci TNHH XNK Chuy san Hai An Nha may san xuaC bdC ca ciia Cdng ti c d phan Minh Thai Sdn (Khu C KCN Nara Cira); Nha raay Bia Ha Npi - Nghe An cua Cdng ti Cd phin Bia Ha Ndi - Nghe An (Khu B KCN Nam Cam) [1]; Trong toan vung mdi cd 02 KCN cd nha may xfl Ii nudc thai Cap ttung va 02 KCN dang xay dflng nha may xd Ii nUdc Chai cap Irung chiem 22 % sd KCN dang boat ddng loan vung Sd dd an xa thai dat Cieu chuan loai B daC ti Ie daC chi chiem % (ca nddc dat 50%) So vdi vflng Dong bang sdng Cflu Long hien cd 27 KCN thi cung chi cd % KCN co he Chdng xfl li nUdc thdi tap ttung Trong Cai TP Hd Chi Minh Chi ti le dat 60%, TT Bdng Phan tich mdu nUdc tai mot so KCN viing Bdc Trung Bo Phifdng phap lay mau Ket qua doi chieu QCVN08:200S/BTNMT, Vi tri lay mdu SL mdu QCVN40:2011/BTNMT, QCVN 09; 2008/BTNMT Nam gidi han cho phep Iheo Miu 1, Mat nddc song QCVN rieng ham lUdng diu md ciia miu Ll Mdn Thdng Nhat Miu 2: 02 mlu vUdt QCVN [6]ve chat luong nude mat (Thanh Hoa) Nddc ngSm lai KCN 2,3 lin Khu cong nghiep Ddnh gid tdc ddng mdi trudng c iia cat khu cdng nghiep vimg Bdc Trung Bd Bac Vinh (Nghe An) Nam Cam (Nghe An) Vung Ang (Ha Tinh) lay Bac Dong Hdi (Quang Binh) 6, Nam Ddng Ha (Quang Tri) MUdng tho^t nd6c chung ciia KCN Bac Vinh Mau 1: Mau nu6c ngam lay lai nha ong Nguyen Tuin Thuan xdm xa Nghi Thuan, huyen Nghi Loc Miu 2- MUdng thoai nude tai Khu B.nip giap vdi dudng qudc 16 IA, Mau 1: ngudn nude mat, ndi tilp nhan ngudn nddc thai KCN song Quyen Miu 2: ngudn nUdc ngam Irong nha may thep Dflc Dung Mau 1: Mau nUde thai liy tai dau he thdng xd li cua Cong ti cd phan Tan Quang Thanh Miu 2: Tai gieng dao nha 6ng Vd Khac SU lieu khu 8, phudng Bac Ly, TP Ddng Hdi Mau I MUdng thoai nUdc thai phia Dong KCN Nam Dong Ha Mau Tai gieng ciia ho ong Nguyin Lddng Phuc, khu phd 3, phudng Ddng Lddng TP Ddng Ha 01 miu Cd 03/07 chi tieu (BOD5 COD va Coliform) vUdt gidi han theo QCVN{4].Th6ng so BODr, vUdt 2,74 lan gidi han cho phep; Thong sd COD vUdi 1.28 lan gidi han cho phep; Thong s6 Coliform cd gia In vUdt ] 36 15n gidi han cho phep 03 mlu - Mau I; Cd 3/16 thong sd vUdt ngudng quy dinh [7], cu the Thdng so CN(Xianua) vUdt 1,3 lan, Mn (Mangan) vUdi 1.02 lin va coliform vUdt 5.33 lin - MSu 2: Cd 04/13 chi tieu vUdl gia iri cho phep [6],Cu the' BOD5 co gia In vUdi 1,2 lin; COD co gia tri vUOt l.i lin; NO, (Nitdrit} cd gia tri vUOI 1.5 lan PO4" (Phdl rat) vUdt 6.5 ISn 03 mau Mau 1: Theo [4] Thong sfl long chai ran hda tan BODa COD, Coliform vUdt qua quy chuan cho phep Mau 2" pbSn tfch !6 thong sd deu nam gi6i han cho phep Iheo QCVN U3 iii.iu Mau Theo [4] Thong so chat ran Id ldng VUdt 1.43 lin BOD-, vUdt 1.72 lln; COD vUdt 2.19 lin Photpho to'ng vUdi 1.02 lin QCVN Miu 2: So sanh vdi QCVN vl nUdc ngim[7] Tai diem quan trie CO chi lieu Coliform vUdt quy chuan cho phep tfl 2,6 - lin (QCVN < 3) 02 mlu - Chi lieu phan tfch deu nam khoang gidi han phep theo QCVN ve nUdc thai c6ng nghiep [4] Ngoai trd chi tieu TSS VUdt 1.05 lin BODs vUdi 1.60 lin quy chuin quy dmh - Cac chl tieu chit lUdng nUdc ngam deu nam ttong gidi han cho phep theo QCVN [7] Ngoai ttd chi tieu NH4-N CO ket qua vUdt gidi han cho phep 3.20 lin 7 S Quan Ngang (Quang Tn) Miu Tai cdng thoat nUdc thai phia Nam KCN Qudn Ngang Mau 2: Tai gilng khoan tmng khufln vien Nha may siin xuat nguyen vat lieu han Cong li cs' phan Kim Tfn Quang Tn Phii Bai (TT, Hul) Phong Dien (TT.Hul) H66ng Thd each KCN 20 m Tai cong thoat nUdc thai KCN 02 mau 02 mlu 02 mau Ph§n Idn cac chi tieu phan tfch deu co ket qua nam gidi han cho phep Cheo QCVN [4] Ngoai trd mot so chi neu nhd TSS, BOD5 va cohform co dau hieu vddt han quy dinh lin lifdt la 1,57 lin, 1,27 lan va 1,86 lan Ve nUdc ngim dlu nam ttong gidl han cho phep theo QCVN [7], Ngoai ttd chi tieu E.coli va coliform co diu lueu vUdl gidi han cho phep lin, bao hieu nguon nUde cd nguy cd bi nhilm vi sinh vat gay benh hen quan den dudng tieu hoa, hd hap, lieu chay Hau het cac thong so chit lUdng nUdc mat deu CO gia tti nhd hdn gidi han cho phep tai cot B 1-Quy chuan MT hien hanh ve chat lUdng nUdc mat [6], mot sd chl lieu dat mdc Al Ngudn: Ban qudn If Khu kmh le cdc ti'nh vimg Bdc Trung Bii Qua bang phan lich raiu nddc tai radt sd KCN vflng Bae Trung Bp, bau hit cac KCN cac chi sd TSS, BOD.s, coliforra, NO^ (nitdrit), PO4" (pholphal) cd dau hieu vddt han quy dinh theo QCVN ve radi ttddng Dac biel KCN Nam Cam cac thdng sd tai thdi diem quan ttac dlu vUdl quy dinh nhieu lin Rieng KCN Le Mdn Phu Bai va Phong Diln hiu hll cac thdng sd deu dat QCVN ve raoi trUdng 2.3.2 D a n h gia viec xuf If chat thai ran cac K C N Bdng Thiic trang xd li chdt thdi ran vd chdt thdi nguy hai KCN Bac Trung Bd Chat Chat thai Khu cong thai nguy TT ran (tan/ Tinh hinh xiif Ii chat thai ran nghiep hai (la/ ngay.dem) ngay.dem Tinh Thanh Hoa I KCN bd tti thu gom rae hang ngay, tap ket lai khu LeM6n 1,2 0,8 chfla rae thai cua cac cd sd va hdp dong vdi C6ng ti Lam Sdn 0.5 0,4 TNHH MTVmdi trddng va cong trinh thi Thanh Hoa Mpt sd doanh nghiep hang van chuyen rac ve bai tap trung ciia Thanh phd Thanh Bim Sdn 0,6 0,4 Hoa de xd If Chat thai ran nguy hai dUdc cac doanh nghiep lUu gifl tai ddn vi minh sau hdp dong vdi cac ddn vi Tay Bac Ga 0,8 0,5 chflc nang va ngoai rinh xfl lu •(• ddng mdl IrUdng ciia cdc khu cdng nghiip vimg Bdt Tmng Bd Tmh Nghe An ^ Bic Vinh 0,4 0.2 Nam c i m 12 Hoang Mai 02 l5nh Ha linh Gia Lach 1,2 0.5 Vung Ang1 1,7 L2 10 Ha Vang Tinh Quang Binh Tay Bac II Dong Hdi Bac Ddng •Hdi 1.0 13 Cang bien Hdn La 14 Hon La II Tinh Quang Tri 15 Nam Ha Ddng 16 Qudn Ngang 1.1 0.9 0,4 1,6 0.5 0.3 0.2 0,9 0.4 0,6 0,2 0.6 Phong Dien 0,5 0,5 Cac doanh nghiep tU ihu gom va xfl li Chat Ihai ran dUdc thu gom va phAn loai tai cac nha may de tai sd dung hoac dem di xd \i tap trung thong qua cac hop ddng vdi Cong ti co phin IU vin xay dUng- Quan li Irat lU thi Ky Anh Cac doanh nghiep Hi ihu gom \ a xd li Tinh Thiifa Thien Hue 17 Phu Bai 18 Cac doanh nghiep tu thu gom va hdp dflng vdi Cdng ti moi ttddng dfl thi va dich vu Cda Ld van chuyen xd li Chit Ih.ii ran nguy hai Cac doanh nghiep tu thu gom lUu trU va hdp dflng vdi ddn vi CO chflc nang (Chii ylu la Cong ti TNHH San xuSt Dich vu Thuong mai Moi trudng xanh (Tai Hai Duong) de van chuyen xd If Chat thai ran ciia cac doanh nghiep dUdc Ihu gom ve thilng chda rac tap ti ung khuon vien cua doanh nghiep va hop dflng vdi Cong ii TNHHMTV Moi IrUdng va Phat tnen thi Quang Binh van chuyen vl bai xdlf rac chung dmh ki 01 ngay/lan Chai thai ran nguy hai, cac doanh nghiep ihu gom va lUu gid tai ddn vi Chai thai ran' Cac cfl sd hdp dong vdi Cflng U TNHH MTV Mfli trUdng va Cong trinh thi Ddng Ha (hu gom xd li dmh ki Chat thai nguy hai Cong (i May Hda Tho Dong Ha da hop ddng vdi Cflng ti Anh Dddng (d Da Nang) thu gom van chuyen va xd li chat thai nguy hai Con lai cac doanh nghiep khac lit thu gom va lUu giU khufln vien Cac CO sd chu dong thu gom hoac tap trung iai bai chda de tai san xual hay ban lai cho ngUdi dSn va cac cd sd khac lai sd dung, Tai KCN chUa co ddn vi thu gom van chuyen xd li rac thai diing quy dinh Nen cac co sd da chu dong Ihu gom va dfli khufln vien Cflng li Chat thai rin phat smh tai cac KCN, cac doanh nghiep da thu gom va hdp dong vdi Cflng li TNHH MTV mfli ttUdng va dd thi Hul xd If ti le dat 80% Chit thai nguy hai khoang 0.25 tin/ngay dem ti le thiJ!'omvaxdh/mdidat50% Tong so I 26.5 | 6,2 Mot so tinh va vung khac [3] TP Hd Chi Minh Co 20 doanh nghiep thUc hien thu gom phan loai va xd If chit thai ran da dUdc Bo/Sd tii nguyen Moi IrUdng cap phep Cti TNHH MTV Dich vu Moi trUdng dfl thi Bien Hoa thu gom, vSn chuyen va xd li rac thai Ngoai cd Doanh nghiep la DNTN Tan Phat Tai va Cti phai Irien KCN Bien Hda (SonadezI) co chdc nang hoat dpng ttong linh vUc van chuyen va tieu hiiy chit thai nguy hai, Ti le thu gom chat thai dat 71 % 29% rac ihai dang thai mfli IrUdng chUa duoc xd li 11 Dong song Long Ha Npi (inh bing Cdu Ti Ie thu gom va xd If dat 40% Phin Idn so chda dddc thu gom va xd li khoa hoc ma trdc tilp hoac gian tiep thai xuong s6ng rach Cdng ti mfli ttddng URENCO Ha Noi thu gom xd If, Viec thu gom va xd li dat 65% Ngu J, Banqudn li Khu kinh te ccic tinh vimg Bdv Trung Bd Do dac thd san xuat cua cac doanh nghiep KCN vung Bac Trung Bo la cac nganh cdng nghiep che bien nhd san xuit thdc pham dd udng, chl biln gd va san xuit hang thu cdng mi nghe hang raay mac san xuit bao bi, dUdng va phan Idn cac KCN cua vung mdi hoat ddng dddc vai nam, sd dd an dang hoac ddng it nen chat thai ran va chit thai nguy hai chda nhieu so vdi cac phd Idn nhd Ha Ndi (Idn gip 3,4 lin so vdi vung Bic Trung Bp), TP Hd Chi Minh (Idn gip 41 lin so vdi VLing Bac Trung Bd), vung Ddng Bang sdng Cdu Long (Idn gip 14 Ian) Cac khu vdc phin Idn san xuit cac nganh cdng nghiep dien td hda chic, lap rap thilt bi cao cip, ddng Chdi quy md san xuat cung nhU san lUdng Idn nen chit thai rin cao hdn ric nhieu so vdi vung Bac Trung Bd Sd lUdng cdc KCN dang hoac ddng viing Bac Trung Bd cd he thong xd li, phan loai chic Chai ran cdn it, chu yeu cd Chu gom sd bd chda cd phan loai chic thai lai ngudn, dUdc dda vl thung chda rac Cap Crung crong khudn vien cua doanh nghiep, sau hdp ddng vdi cac cdng ti chdc nang de van chuyen vl bai xd li rac chung cua hoac huyen, thi KCN Quan Ngang Cd thu gom va xd ii chit chai chua dung quy dinh Ti Ie KCN phan loai chat chai rin ttUdc thue xd Ii dat 25% So doanh nghiep Cd xd H chit thai rin khoang 35% Ddi vdi doanh nghiep cd san xuaC vat lieu xay ddng (san xuit gach, be tdng thddng phara, ) dddc tan dung de san lip mat bing khudn vien Cac vd bao xi mang dddc thu gom ban cho ngddi thu mua phi lieu, cac doanh nghiep san xuat hang mdc, dd gd rai nghe dUdc ihu gom vl nha chda sau dd tan dung lam chic ddC cho Id siy hoac ban cho dan cd nhu ciu Ve chic Chai nguy hai: Phin Idn cac doanh nghiep ttong KCN td ihu gom va Idu gid lai cdng Cl, ngudn chai thai nguy hai ciia radC sd KCN chUa Idn nen nen hau hIc cac doanh nghiep chUa Cien hanh lap hd sd dang ky chu ngudn thai nguy hai Irinh cd quan cd tham quyin phe duyet, Rieng cac KCN tai Nghe An hdp ddng vdi cac ddn vi chdc nang de van chuyen, xd \i Tdy nhien khdi lddng rac chai nguy hai dddc thu gom va xd li chi chilm 40% cdng lddng chit Chai nguy hai Vl lau dai neu khdng ed bien phap xd li kip chdi Iddng chit thai se anh hudng rat Idn den mdi Crddng Tai cac chanh phd nhu Ha Ndi va TP Hd Chi Minh, lddng chic thai rin phat sinh rat nhilu Ddnh gid tdc ildng imh tniiing cua cdc khit ct'mg nghiep vimg Bdc Tnmg Bi? va phin Idn da dddc >^thu mUg gom va thue xd li Tdy nhiSn vin dl dat cho cac KCN la ttong qua ttinh van chuyen, xd li la cdng nghe xd li chda dat yeu ciu, nen hieu qua thu hdi, tai che c" n thip ' ' 2.3.3 TT D a n h gia vi€c xuT li o n h i e m ve k h o n g k h i va t i e n g S Bdng Phdn tich mau khong va tieng on tgi mot si KCN vimg Bdc Trung Bo KCN Khong khi, tieng on Ket qua phan tich Vi tri lay So lddng Cac chi tieu phan tich mau mau Do bui 10 Idng 190 ^g/m-*; Khu vitc lay Le Mon Bui,C0,S02 fln dao dong 50- 56 dB(A); nam lay bac, (Thanh 04 miu NOj, dd 6n S02-177-234 ;/g/m'; NO2 dao dong va dflng Hoa) dB(A) dong td 127-170 ^^g/m^; CO dao nam KCN dpng td 775-1025/ig/m^ Gan C6ng ti Chi tieu bui Id liing co gia Iri Thien Phu va Bui,C0,S02 Nam Cam vUOI til 1,32- 1,18 theo QCVN diem trddc 02 mau NO2, on (Nghe An) [8] lieng dn cd gia In vUdI 1,04 dB(A) Cong ti Hai QCVN 19] An Dp bui Id ldng 120 pg/m^, dfl Bui,C0 SOz Viing Ang Tai khu vUc dn dao dflng 64 dB(A) SO2 26 NO2 dp 6n (Ha vao nha dilu 02 mau /ig/m^, NO2 dao dong lir ;ig/m^; hanh KCN nnh) dB(A) CO dao dong id 7S0 g.glm^ True dudng chf nil vao KCN, dudng Dp bui dao dong tif 052- 0.212 ^g/m'' dfl on dao dong < 70 ISy bac bao phia tay Bui.C0,S02 phfa dB(A); SO2 dao dpng Id 0,02 • 0.5 Dong Hdi bac 08 mau NO2, on dflng Nga ba U-glm^: NO2 dao dong tii 0.01 (Quang dB(A) dudng F325 0.02 /tg/m* CO dao dong liJ Binh) ttuc dan cd 5^g/m^ TK8 va tieu khu 7,8 Dp bin dao dong td 12-23 /ig/m"* Cang bien Bui CO SO2, 6n dao dong < 70 dB(A); SO2 Hdn La Trong va NO2 dfl on dao dflng id - 11 /ig/m'; NO2 04 miu ngoai KCN (Quang dB(A) dao dflng td - ^g/m^, CO dao Binh) donglii 17 -55 /ig/m^ Nga ba dddng Dp bui dao dong td 93 - 238 2, 3, nga tu ^g/m^: dn dao dflng td 64.1 Quan dudng 1, 2.5, BLII,C0,S02 69,7 dB(A); SO2 dao dong td 34 Ngang khu dan cU 05 mau NO2 dp dn 40 ;ig/m*; NO2 dao dong td 32 (Quang phfa dong dB(A) 36 /ig/m^ CO dao dflng Cd 1S91 Tri) va dong nam 1969/ig/m^ KCN Nam Dong Ha (Quang Tri) (Thda Thien Hue) KCN Phong Dicn (TT Hue) Kel qua doi chilu QCVN Tai diem dudng KI, K2, K4 va nga ba K2 K4 Khu dan cd phia dflng nam each KCN 100m Bui,CO,S02 NO2, dp dn dB(A) Dfl bui tai cac vi irf dao dflng khoang 119 - 215 /ig/m^ dp fln duoc dao dpng khoang 64,9 - 69.3 dB(A) Kit qua SO2 dao dflng td 32 - 47 Aig/m\ N02 dao dong lii 38 - 83 /ig/m^ CO dao dflng id 2065 - 2839 fig/m' Dfl bui Id ldng 140-230 /ig/m^ (QCVN- 90) dn dao dpng 5585 dB(A), {QCVN 70) 502:299-375 pg/m\ (QCVN 350), NO2 dao dong lii 107-150 /tg/m"': CO dao dong td 755-1337 ^g/m^ bui Id ldng 110-210 ^glm^:{QCWN 90), fln Bui, CO, SO2 Trong V dao dpng 89 dB (A); (QCVN 70) NO2, dfl fln ngoai KCN S02:I37-214 ).iglni\ NO2 dao dB(Al dong til 100-140 uglni^: CO dao dong td 275-517/ug/m' Nam gidi han QCVN vl chat lUdng raoi irUdng khflng khf xung quanh QCVN 05 2009/BNMT QCVN vl tieng fln QCVN 26:20IO/BTNMT KCN Phong Diln va Phong Diln- co 11 du an dang hoat dflng sd dung cong nghe dot 16 hdi de thu nhiet phuc vu san xuit hau hll cac hoat dflng phat sinh khf thai gay nhilm mfli trudng Hien nay, ti le ihu gom va xd Ii lUdng thai dat 40% KCN Nam Cim tai thdi diem quan trac thflng so ve bui va tieng dn vUdl qua QCVN [8.9], Ngudn Ban qudn li Khu kinh te cdc tinh viing Bdc Tnmg Bd Trong V ngoai KCN Bui,C0,S02 NO2 d6 6n dB(A) Trong qua trinh van hanh ciia cac nha may, lddng khdng va tieng dn ,se phat tan khu v\lc xung quanh Phin Idn eac doanh nghiep cac KCN da sd dung cac he thdng xd Ii va phUdng phap xd li thai, bui (khoang hdn 100 dit an, chiira % sd doanh nghiSp Irong cac KCN cua vung Bic Trung Bd) MpC sd phddng chdc nhd: Loc cyclnne khd; Iang ttong lUc hcac hap Chu bang dung dich hip chu, cac doanh nghiep may da lap dac quat Chdng gid, may hut bui; Ihilt kl chilu cao dng khdi td 30 - 36m (Cdng ti May 10, Nha may chl biln gd xuit khiu Phu Quy - KCN l a y Bac Ddng Hdi) Vi vay mdi doanh nghiep da dam bao mdi trddng lam viec tdt cho cdng nhan ddng thdi kiem soat dddc ngudn thai vao radi trddng xung quanh Mdt sd doanh nghiep dac Ihu cac loai hinh san xuit cd lUdng thai, bui phat sinh id cac cd sd khong Idn nen khdng gay anh hddng din mdi ttifdng, lddng ddc cua cac KCN cua vung thai mdi trddng thip hdn so vdi cac vung khac Mdc sd doanh nghiep chUa cd he thdng xd li khf thai, bui va thai ttdc liip mdi trudng khdng qua xd Ii chiira ti Ie 55% sd dd an cac KCN cua vung Ket luan Su phai Crien cua cac KCN viing Bac Trung Bd da anh hddng Idn ldi radi Crddng ctia khu vdc cd KCN the hien la mdi Crddng nUdc cua cac KCN ciia vung chda daC QCVN mdc sd KCN cd mdc dp d nhilm ngudn nddc ric cao, Tinh trang xd li ngudn chit thai ran va chit thai nguy hai cdn nhieu bic cap phin Idn cac doanh nghiep vdn it nen khdng dau td thue xd li viec xd Ii nguon chit 140 Ddnh gid tdc dtmg mdi trililng cua cdc khu t dng nghiep vimg Bdc Tnmg Bd thai chii ylu dUa tren viec td thu gom va ldu gid tai cdng ti tl Ie chit thai rin dddc Chu gora ve cac bai rac dat 80%, dddc xd li dat 40%, dilu se anh hudng rat Idn din radi trddng dd thi va radi trddng khu vdc cd KCN Vl d nhilm radi ttddng khdng va Cilng dn la khdng dang ke Bao ve mdi Irddng hoaC ddng cua cac KCN la viec lara cin thiet Crong viec phac trien bin vdng KCN, vi vay cin cd cac giai phap nang cao vai trd quan Ii nha nddc vl mdi IrUdng, nang cao y thdc, nhan thdc cua cae doanh nghiep Iinh vdc bao ve radi trddng, xay dUng khdng gian KCN gan vdi bao ve radi ttddng va hddng tdi nhdng giai phap ki thuat san xuil sach nhara han che va phdng ngda phat sinh chit thai la muc tieu cua phat ttien KCN ben vdng, TAI H E U T H A M KHAO [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] Ban quan H cac KKT tinh Thanh Hda - Phdng tai nguyen - Mdi ttUdng linh Nghe An Ha Tinh Quang Binh Quang Tri Thda Thien Hul Bdo cdo moi tnldng cda cdc linh nam 2012 vd Bdo cdo gidm 'idl mdi trudng ihdng ddu nam 2013 Bd Khoa hpc, cdng nghe va Mdi trddng, 2002 Quylt dinh sd 62/2002/QD- BKHCNMT 09/08/2002 vl quy chl bao ve radi Irddng KCN Bd I a i nguyen Mdi trUdng 2009 Bdo cdo mdi trudng qudc gia 2009- mdi trudng cdc khu cdng nghiip Ha Npi 2009 Bd tai nguyen va Mdi tt'Udng 2011 Quy chudn ki thugt qudc gia vi midc ihdi cong nghiip QCVN 40.2011/BTNMT ban hanh kem Thdng td 47/201 l/TT-BTNMT cua Bd Tai nguyen va Mdi trddng Bplai nguyen va Mdi trddng 2009 Quy chitdh kt thudl qudc gia vi chdt that ran QCVN 072009/BTNMT, ban hanh theo Thdng td sd 25/2009/rr-BTNMT 16 Chang 11 nam 2009 cua Bd Tai nguyen va Mdi CrUdng Bp tai nguyen va Mdi CrUdng, 2008 Quy chudn ki tliitgt qudc gia vi chdt liiOiig nude mdt QCVN OH: 200H/BTNMT Bd Cai nguyen va Mdi Crddng, 2008 Quy chudn ki thugt qudc gia vi chat hidng iiiidc ngam QCVN 09: 200H/BTNMT Bd tai nguyen va Mdi trddng 2009 Quy chua'n ki thugt qudc gia ve chdt luang khdng xung quanh QCVN 05: 200H/BTNMT Bd lai nguyen va Mdi trddng, 2010 Quy chudn ki thudl qudc gia vi ning dn QCVN 26 2010/BTNMT An environmental impact assessment of industrial zones in North Central Vietnam Environmental surveys and research done in Che Industrial Zones (IZs) in NorCh Central Vietnam have shown Chac some IZs had made a greac effort lo put in place wasle processing systems (to Vielnaraese standards) but most IZs have faded to so and environmental pollulion is steadily increasing At this time 80% of the surface and ground water is below the Vietnamese standards and in many IZs Che soil is also heavily polluCed Because businesses are allowed Co coIIecC ship and recycle Cheir solid wasCe as they choose 60% of all waste that Vielnaraese IZs" produce goes untteaied Air pollution levels are said to be 'low' This production of untreated waste is ongoing and well know, and it is a known byproduct of businesses operating within the IZs Only governmenCal authorities have Che power Co sCep in and force these businesses lo process their waste products, as is now required by Vietnamese law 141 ... c khu cdng nghiip viing Bdc Tnmg Bd Bdng I Thuc trang xd li ngudn nUdc thai cdc KCN vimg Bdc Trung Bg Quy mo Ittrtng Chat ItTdng nguon nttdc Tinh hinh xd li nttdc thai nildc thai thai tap trung. .. Vinh 500 15 du an chUa dat tieu chuan thai lap trung xa thai loai B Dang xay difng nha may xd 25 du an dang hoat ddng va li thai tap trung lai Khu C Nam Cam 672 chUa dat neu chuan xa thai vdi... Co nha may xd li nd6c thai tap trung, CS, 000 m-Vngay,dgm Nddc thai dudc thu gom, xd If trUdc thai moi IrUdng tl le dat 90% tl ti Khu kmh le cdc ti''nh vung Bdc Trung Bd Qua bang phan lich tren