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su HAI LONG VOI CONG VIEC CUA NGUOI LAO D O N G TRUONG DAI HOC LU/S.T H A NOI Bai viet dirac rut tir ket qua nghien ciru de tai khoa hoc cap cd sd nam 2018: Hanh phuc cua ngi/di lao dong Tnrdng Bai hoc Luat Ha Noi cong viec; Trudng Oai hoc Luat Ha Noi chCi tri; TS Chu Van Oirc lam chu nhiem TS Chu Van DIJTC Trudng Dai hgc Luat Hd Ndi PGS.TS Phan Thj Mai Hi/ong Vien Tdm ly hgc ^ TOM TAT Nghien cuu duoc thuc hien bdng bdng hoi tren mdu 198 nguai lao dong dang ldm viec a Trudng Dgi hoc Luat Hd Noi Kit qud nghien cuu cho thdy, phdn dong nguai lao dong d Trudng Dgi hoc Ludt Hd Noi khd hdi ldng cong viec, so ngudi cdm thdy rdt hdi ldng gdp doi so ngudi khong hdi long O cdc khia cgnh khdc ciia cong viec, mice hdi long ciia nguai lao dong khong nhu Ho cdm thdy hdi long han d cdc khia cgnh nhu ndng luc ldm viec, dong nghiep, Idnh dao true tiep, vi tri to chue, su tien bo ve chuyen mon; it cdm thdy hdi long a khia cgnh thu nhap, dieu kien vdt chdt a noi ldm viec, su thdng tien ciia bdn thdn Khdng cd su khdc biet ddng ke ve mice dp hdi long giira cdc nhom ngudi lao dong duoc phdn chia theo gidi tinh, chue vu, cong viec ddm nhiem vd chicc danh nghe nghiip Tuy nhien, CO su khdc biet theo tuoi vd theo tham nien cong tdc ve mice hdi long Nhom ngudi ado tudi 31 - 40vd nhom co thdm nien cong tdc 6- 10 ndm Id nhom cd mirc hdi long thdp nhdt Y nghia cua kit qud nghien ciru dd duoc bdn ludn bdi viet ndy Tu" khoa: Hdi ldng cdng viec; Ngudi lao dong; Dgi hoc Ludt Hd Npi Ngdy nhdn bdi: 27/4/2019; Ngdy duyet ddng bdi- 25/5/2019 Mff dau Sir hai long cong viec la sir thoa man cua nguai lao dong doi vai tit ca cac mat lien quan d^n cong viec nhu npi dung, tinh chat cong viec, dieu kien lam viec, quan he cong viec, thu nhap tu cong viec, sir khang dinh ban than cong v i e c Sir hai long cong viec cua nguai lao dong a mpt nhiing khia canh c o ban t h i hien cam nhan hanh phiic cua hp Nhieu TAPCHITAM LV HOC, S6 (243), - 41 khi, sir hai long va hanh phuc co the dupe diing thay the cho boi ^ Diener (2000) thi nguoi hanh phiie la nguoi, vh co ban, hai long vdi cupc scng Sir hai long cong viee la dpng lire thue day va ciing la muc tieu cua ^ nguoi cong viec Hon nira, voi moi ngudi, thdi gian lam viec cbiem mp ty le dang kk cupc ddi, bdi vay nSu ngudi khong cam thay hanh phuc cdng viec thi ciing kho cd the cd hanh phiic cupc sdng not chung Vdi khdng it ngudi, dac biet la thdi dai nay, cdng viec khdng cm dem din thu nhap, thda man nhu cau vat ch^t, ma cdn la niem vui, giiip hp phat trien nang lire, cam thay minh huu ich cho epng ddng, eho xa hpi Su hai Idng hay hanh phiic trpng cdng viec la van de dupe quan tam nghien cuu thdi gian gan day Cac nha khoa hpc de cap den nhieu khia canh khac ctia sir hai Idng cdng viec, tir cac mat, cac dac trung, mile dp cho den cac yeu td anh hudng Bdi hanh phuc gan lien vdi cac cam^ xiic duong tinh nhu de chiu, hai Idng, vui ve, cdng viec lai gan vdi vat va, ap luc, lo lang Do dd theo Boebm va Lybomirsky (2008), ngudi hanh phiic cdng viec la ngudi thudng xuyen trai nghiem cac cam xtie duong tinh nhiSu ban eae cam xuc am tinh thirc hien cong viec Edmunds L.D va Pryce-Jones (2008) eho rang, ngudi lao dpng cam thay hanh philc hp sii dung hieu qua nhat eae ngudn lire cua minh tai noi lam viec Theo ly thuyet hanh phuc dich thuc dupe gpi la PERMA ciia M Seligman (2011), hanh phuc bao gdm trai nghiem cam xiic tich cue, cd sir gan ket thue sir vdi cdng viec, cd cac mdi quan he tich cue, cam thay cupc ddi cd y ngbta va cd tim Ap dung ly thuyet vao cong viee, thi hanh phiic cdng viec cd nghia la cam thay hai long, thda man cong viee, gin kk vdi td ehu:e, vdi cdng viec, cd cac mdi quan be tdt, ngudi lao dpng cam thay minh ed gia trj va dat duoc nhiJng tuu nhit dinh Uong cdng viec Cd thS thiy, hai long vdi cdng viec la mpt Uong nhiing khia canh quan tepng cua hanh phuc tai noi lam viee Viet Nam, nhieu nghien cuu v6 hanh phiie cdng viec da dupe tien hanh thdi gmn g k day Nghien cuu ciia Dd Thi Le King va eic epng su (2017) tren mau nhd gdm 69 can bd thudc mdt hoc vien d phd Hd Chi Minh da chi nhirng dac trung cua hanh phuc tai noi'Iam viec la- it trai nghiem cam xiie am tinh, thudng trai nghiem cam xuc duong tinh cam thay hai long cdng viee, thiy dupe y nghia cua cdng viec va gia tri cua ban than cdng viec Nghien ciru cua Phan Tbi Mai Huong va cdne su (2018) da chi cac ITnh vuc quan trpng cdng viec khijn ngudi lao ddns cam thay hai long, bao gdm chinh cdng viec, thu nhap, mdi trudng su tbSna tten, tich, mdi quan be vdi ddng nghiep, quan he vdi lanh dao va sir nhan Nguyen Hiru Thu va epng su (2017) khao sat su thda man tronp viec tren mau gdm 478 ngudi lao dpng Nghien ciiu cho thiy thit nhit th"^ 42 TAP CHI TAMLy HOC, Sd (243), 6-2019 man cao hon su khong thda man; thii hai, ngudi lao ddng d doanh nghiep eo vdn diu tu nude ngoai cd mirc dp thda man eao ban ngudi lao ddng d cac doanh nghiep nha nude va doanh nghiep tu nhan; thir ba, tiSn luong la mdt nhung yeu td quan trpng anh hudng d6n miie dp hai Idng vdi cdng vi$e cua ngudi lao ddng Le Thj Minh Loan va Pham Thi Hdng Phuong (2017) nghien eiiu mdi quan he gitJa sir phii hgp ca nhan - td chitc, tuong tae lanh dao - nhSn vien va su hai Idng cdng viec tren miu 547 nhan vien lam viec d Ha Npi, Bac Giang va Hai Phdng Nghien ciru phat hien mdi tuong quan thuan, ed ^ nghia giira su phii hpp ca nhan - to chirc, sir hai Idng cdng viee va tuong tae lanh dao - nhan vien Cu the la, giua ca nhan va td ehiie cd sir phii hgp, tuong tae lanh dao - nhan vien cang chat lugng, thi mirc dp hai long cdng viec d nhan vien cang cao Cac nghien cihi ke tren eho thay, cam nhan hanh phuc vdi cdng viee dugc xac dinh bdi kha nhidu yeu td lien quan den cdng viee: ca tir ben ngoai (luong, cac mdi quan he td ehtic, loai hinh td chirc) dSn cac ySu td ben ctia ca nhan dugc the hien cdng viec nhu gia trj ban than cdng viec, cam thay cong viee cd nhieu hiia hen Trudng Dai hgc Luat Ha Npi cd gan 450 ngudi lao ddng lam viec d cac vj tri nhu: giang vien, chuyen vien (cac bd phan chiic nang) va nhan vien cua cac bd phan y te, thu vien va eae nhan vi^n hgp ddng Trong 40 nam tdn tai va phat trien, trudng da dao tao dugc hon mdt tram nghin eu nhan luat, hang tram thae sy va tien sy luat, bdi dudng hang nghin can bd phap luat, tham gia gdp y va xay dung nhieu bd luat Tuy nhien, hien nay, Trudng dang phai ddi mat vdi khdng it thach thirc: sir canh tranh tir cac eo sd dao tao khac, van de nSng cao chat lugng dao tao va nghien ctiu khoa hpc de dap ling nhu cau eua xa hdi, tinh trang chuyen viee cua can bp, giang vien ctia trudng, dac biet la nhitng ngudi cd trinh dp cao sang td chirc, co sd khac Cau hdi dat d day la cdng viec, ngudi lao ddng d Trudng Dai hpc Luat Ha Ndi cd cam thay hanh phiic khdng? Ndu cd thi d mtic dp nao, hp hai ldng hay khdng hai ldng vdi nhtrng gi cdng viec tai trudng? Tim eau tra Idi thda dang cho nhihtg eau hdi cd y nghia thiet thuc, gitip lanh dao nha trudng nhin nhan rd hon ve tinh trang cua ngudi lao ddng hien tai trudng, tir do, co nhiing giai phap phu hgp dd cai thien mirc hanh phiic cua ngudi lao ddng tai noi lam viec Dd la each hiiu hieu ik ngudi lao ddng ludn ddng hanh cilng nha trudng qua trinh phat trien ciia Trudng Dai hpc Luat Ha Ndi Phirung phap nghiSn ciru 2.1 Mau nghiin ciiu MSu nghien ciru gdm 198 ngudi dang lam viec d cac khoa, bd mdn, phdng khae d Trudng Dai hgc Luat Ha Ndi, bao gdm cac giang vien, chuyen vien va nhan vien Sd lugng mhi chi^m khoang 44% tdng sd can bd nhan vien TAP CHI TAMLy HOC, S6 (243), - 2019 43 toan truong Mpt so dac diem cua mau khach the duae the hien bang |^ chung, CO su chenh lech kha Ion ve gioi tinh (nu nhieu hon) va vi tn viec (giang vien nhi^u hem) Tuy nhien, day cung la tinh trang thuc te tai H^ & Dai hpc Luat Ha Npi Bdng 1: Dac diem mdu nghien cuu So Iiro'ng Tv le % Nam 68 35,1 NO 126 64,9 Dac diem Giai tinh Thieu thong tin Tu6i 30 tra xuong 52 26,5 31 - 40 tu6i 67 34,2 41 -50 tuoi 36 18,4 Tren 50 tu6i 41 20,9 Thieu thong tin Vi tri viec lam Giang vien 117 Chuyen vien va nhan vien 81 40,9 198 100,0 T6ns _ 59,1 2.2 Cong cu nghien eitu Diiu tra bing bang hdi la phuong phap chinh diing it thu thap thdng tin Miic dp hai Idng dupcdanh gia bing cau hdi: "VS tdng thi, anli/chi hai long d mtic dp nao tren mdi khia canh sau day cdng viec cua anh/chi d Trudng Dai hpc Luat Ha Ndi?" tren thang 11 bae, theo mirc dp hai Idng tang dan tit den 10 Cac khia canh bao gdm 13 linh vuc khac lien quan den cdng viee nhu: hai Idng vdi mdi trudng Iam viec (diSu kien vat chit mdi trudng van boa nha trudng), hai Idng vdi cac mdi quan he cdng viec (vdi lanh dao, ddng nghiep, ngudi hgc), hai Idng vdi ban than (vi tri su thang tidn nang lire, su tien bp chuyen mdn), hai ldng vdi dac dilm cua cdng viec ma minh dam nhan, hai Idng vdi thu nhap va vdi su cdng nhan cua lanh dao cua ddna nghiep ddi vdi ban than Dp tin cay eua thang Alpha cua Cronbach bing 0,93 2.3 Phan tich thing ki Dilm hai Idng tdng hpp dupe tinh bing trung binh cdng cua dilm h=,l Idng ve cac mat cd lien quan den cdng viec Phan tich thing ke md ta duoc 44 TAPCHITAMLyHOC,Sd6(243),6-2019 dung dl phae thdo thitc trang miic dp hai Idng vdi cdng viee vl tdng thi va d timg khia canh cita cdng viec Kilm djnh t-test va Anova duge sii dung so sinh raiie dd hai long giQa cac nhdm khach thi Ket qua va ban luan 3.1 Thirc trgng mirc dp hai long cong viec ciia nguai lao dpng 3.1.1 Banh gid chung Dilm hai ldng tdng hgp cdng viec duge hiln thi d bang Bang 2: Phdn bo diem hdi long ting hap Biem hai long So lirong Dirdfi 3,0 - dudi 24 12,1 - dudi 51 25,8 - duai 72 36,4 - dudi 32 16,2 - ID 13 6,6 Tong 198 100,0 Tv le % Ket qua cho thay, nhin chung, ngudi lao ddng tai Trudng Dai hpc Luat Ha Npi dat diem hai Idng chung cdng viec la 7,18 tren thang diem tdi da la 10 Cd the coi hp la nhiing ngudi tuong ddi hanh phuc cdng viec ciia minh, dd dilm tdi thieu la va tdi da la 10 Ty le nhitng ngudi rat hai long cdng viee (dat tit diem trd len) chiem 6,6%, cdn nhirng ngudi khdng thay hai long cdng viec (dat dudi dilm) chiem 3% Nhu vay, miu nghien ctiu cd ty le ngudi rit hai long cao gap ddi so vdi nhung ngudi khdng thiy hai ldng cdng viec tai trucmg Dilm hai ldng vdi cdng viee ciia phan ddng mgi ngudi (ban 62% miu nghien eiiu), tap trung khoang tit den dudi diem (bang 2) Bilu dd phan bd dilm cho thiy rd su phan hda ve mite hai long Phan bl cd hinh ehudng up, vdi cac chi sd thdng ke nhu d bang 3, cd thi coi day la phan bd tiem can dudng cong chuin Cd thi thay, tai trucmg, cd mot nhdm ngudi lao dpng cam tHiy rit hai Idng nhung ciing cdn mpt sd khong cam thay hai Idng cdng viec Viec ed mdt so ngudi lao ddng khdng thay hanh phuc thuc hien cdng viec tai tnrdng cung la dilu ma cac nha quan ly can quan TAP CHi TAM Ly HOC, Sd (243), - 2019 45 tam, bdi cam nhan hanh phiic cd lien quan chat che den h>?u,q"3 i?"S ^^^^^g ho Ben canh dd, nhitng ngudi cd miic diem tit den ducri diem ^^ ngudi d ranh gidi giua khdng hai ldng va hai long d miic thap, chiem ii > • khdng nhd, cung la dilu rit dang luu y Biiu dd I: Phdn bi diim hdi long long hap 3.1.2 Mite dp hdi long cong viec d nhitng khia cgnh cu the Xet tirng khia canh eua cdng viec (bang 3) cd the thay sir hai ldng ve nhung khia canh cu the cd nbOng xu hudng chung tuong tu nhung ciing cd nhiing khac biet nhat dinh Sd lieu cho thay, tSt ca cac khia canh deu cd dp nghieng nhd hon 0, trung vi Idn hon trung binh, cho thay phan bd dang nghieng nhe ve phia diem cao Nhu vay, sd ngudi hai long cao hon sd nguoi khdng hai Idng xuat hien d tat ca cac mat dugc khao sat Ben canh dd, trir khia canh hai ldng vdi thu nhap va hai long vdi dilu ki$n vat chat cua nha trudng, thi diem trung binh cua tat ca cac khia canh cdn lai ed su chenh lech khdng dang kl So vdi diem hai ldng tdng hgp thi cd sd 13 khia canh cd dilm eao hon va khia canh cd diem thap hon Trong sd dd, khia canh cd dilm cao nhat la Hai Idng vdi nang lire lam viec cua ban than (DTB = 7,73), tilp din la Hai long vdi ddng nghiep (DTB = 7,71) va Hai long vdi lanh dao'truc tilp ciia minh (DTB = 7,64) 46 TAP CHI TAM Ly HOC, Sd (243), 6-2019 Trong 13 khia canh dugc xem xet, ngudi lao ddng cam thiy it hai ldng nhit d khia canh thu nhap, vdi dilm trung binh la 5,95 - d mite thip va kem xa dilm hai ldng tdng hgp Dp lech chuin d khia canh bing 2,02, cung la Idn nhit so vdi dil lieu tucmg itng d cac khia canh khac Dilu chiing td cd sir phan tan Idn danh gia ctla ngudi lao ddng va ben canh phan ddng chua hai Idng vdi thu nhap eua minh thi cd mdt bd phan cam thiy hai Idng Dii cho su hai long vl thu nhap chi phan anh su ky vpng eung nhu nhu eiu ctia ngudi lao ddng ve thu nhap chii khdng the hien thu nhap chinh xac la bao nhieu, nhung cd thi, dilu eung phin nao phan anh su chenh lech nhit dinh vl thu nhap ctia can bd trudng, d cac vi tri khae nhau, lam nhOng cdng viSc khae vdi chiic danh nghe nghiep khac Bang 3: Miic dp hdi long cong viec a nhiing khia cgnh cu thi Cac mat Trung binh Trung Do lech vi chuan Do nghieng Do nhon Hdi long chung 7.18 7.17 1,14 -0,25 0,32 Hai long vai thu nhap 5,95 6,00 2,02 -0,45 0,40 Hai long vai dieu kien vat chat 6,41 6,50 1,87 -0,30 0,21 Hai long vai ngudi hpc (sinh vien chinh :iuy, sinh vien van bang 2, hoc vien sau dai igc) 6,94 7,00 1,45 -0,25 0,56 Hai long vai su thang tien ciia ban than 6,94 7,00 1,80 -0,94 2,24 S Hai long vai noi dung cong viec 7,31 8,00 1,75 -0,71 1,16 Hai long vai moi trudng van hoa 7,35 7,00 1,35 -0,49 0,75 Hai long vai danh gia ciia lanh dao 7,38 8,00 1,73 -1,07 1,75 B Hai long vdi tien bo chuyen mon 7,44 8,00 1,36 -0,55 0,60 Hai long vofi danh gia ciia dong nghiep 7,47 8,00 1,63 -1,26 3,67 10 Hai long vdi vi tri cua ban than tnrcmg 7,50 8,00 1,50 -0,40 0,15 0,93 11 Hai long vdi I3nh dao trye ti6p 13 Hai long vdi nang luc lam viec TAPCHITAM Ly HOC, Sd (243), - 2019 7,64 8,00 1,82 -0,97 7,71 8,00 1,47 -0,84 1,40 7,73 8,00 1,22 -0,70 2,26 47 Tiep theo su hai long v6 thu nhap, ba khia canh nira co miic long a thu hang thSp la Hai long vai dilu kien vat chat di thuc hien cong vi? (DTB = 6,41), Hai long vk sir thang ti6n ciia ban than va Hai long vai^nguoi hgc CO cung didm trung binh la 6,94 Co tha thdy, nhttng khia canh khien mpt bo phan nguai lao dong khong hai long deu phu thuoc vao yeu to ben ngoai nhi6u hem ben Khach quan ma noi, dieu kien vat chat danh cho cong viec tai truang lien quan den phong lam viec, phong hpc, cac trang thiet bi phuc vu giang day va cong viec van phong Viec cai thien dieu kien lam viec a truang cong phu thupc nhieu vao kinh phi ciia nha truang va dieu la khong de dang dap ung ngay, doi chi co the dau tu a muc chap nhan dupe han la muc cao cap (ve ch^t lupng) Ciing nhu vay, su thang ti^n ciia moi ca nhan, vai ham y la thang tien ve chiic vu, khong chi phu thupc vao nang luc ciia moi ca nhan ma phu thupc vao quy hoach ciia to chue Tuy nhien, tu goe lanh dao ciia to chiic nha truang, miic dp hai long chua cao cua can bp truong la nhung diem can quan tam, de kha nang ciia minh, hp co thi dua nhung chinh saeh phu hop nhat nham cai thien tinh hinh r % A Hai long vdi thu nhap B Hai long vdi dieu kien vat chdt C Hai long vdi nguai hoc D Hdi long vdi su thang liin E Hdi long vai noi dung cong viec —=—^ G Hdi long vdi •- • - , - "' Intong van hoa 48 TAP CHI TAMLy HOC, Sd 6(243), (-2019 iu 'i Hai long vdi tien bo chuyen mon 1 r I \ A M K Hdi long vdi v/ tri bdn thdn [, Hdi long vdi nang luc ldm viec 7' \ !' J\ / \ \ M Hdi long ve lanh dao true tiep !• p - ^ r\ / p Hdi long vi ddng nghiep N Hdi long vi ddnh gid cua lanh dao ^J (' \ _J Q Hdi long vi ddnh gid cua dong nghiep Biiu dd 2: Phdn bi diim hdi long vdt timg khia cgnh cu the cong viec Xem xet phan bd dilm hai long d cac khia canh khac dugc khao sat lien quan din cdng viec tren bilu 2, ed thi thiy ro hon khoang diem hai Idng vl timg khia canh Co thi thiy, hiu hit d cac khia canh cdng vipc diu xuit hien dilm rat thip (tir trd xudng), tham chi cd khia canh xuat hien dilm Dilu dd thi hien tinh chii quan danh gia mite dp hai Idng ctia mdi ngudi, nhung cung cho thiy mdt hien trang la, d mpi ITnh vuc lien quan den cdng vi«c vin ludn cd nhiing ngudi khdng hai long Viec nhan dang nhiing ddi TAPCHITAM Ly HOC, Sd (243), 6-2019 49 tupng cin dugc luu tam tim hieu dl cam xuc khdng lan rpng r B toan frudng Trong mdi trudng giao due, noi ma ngudi hpe chiem ty '? '_"" nhilu iin so vdi sd can bd nhan vien thi viec mdi ngudi lao ddng 1*°"8 , ldng cd thi true tilp hoac gian tilp anh hudng din ngudi hpc Vi the, day hien tupng khdng nen bd qua Nhu vay cd thi thiy, ngudi lao ddng cua Trudng Bai hoc Luat Ha Ngi kha hai Idng vdi kha nang lam viec eila minh tai trudng, vdi ddng nghiep va lanh dao true tilp cua minh nhung it hai Idng vdi thu nhap tir cdng viec, yoi dilu kien lam viec tai trudng va vdi sinh vien dang hgc tap tai trudng (bao gom ca sinh vien be chinh quy, sinh vien van bang va hpc vien sau dai hpc) 3.2 So sdnh mirc dp hai long cong viec theo cac lit cat DO lieu so sanh mire dp hai Idng chung d eae nhdm khac hien thi d bang cho thiy, khdng cd khac biet ed y nghTa thing ke tren nhieu lat cat Su khac biet mang tinh he thong vl miie dp hai long chung dugc phat hien d liia tudi va tham nien cdng tae 3.2.1 Gidi linh Tai Trudng Dai hpc Luat Ha Ndi, khdng cd nhiing cdng viec chuyen biet danh cho nam va nd Kit qua so sanh cho thay, tren binh dien gidi tinh, mac dit cd su chenh lech ve diem hai long giiia hai nhdm nam va nil, dd nam (DTB = 7,35) cd miic dp hai long cao hon nil (DTB = 7,09), nhung phep thim dinh T (t-test) cho biet su khac biet khdng cd y nghia thdng ke (p = 0,143) 3.2.2 Chitc vu, chitc danh nghe nghiep Chirc vu la thuat ngtl the hien dia vi vdi quyen lire va nghTa vu tuong iing mdt each chinh thirc mpt thdi ban nhit dinh td chitc va ngudi cd chue vu se dupe nhan he sd chitc vu tuong img Trong dd, chirc danh nghl nghiep la ten gpi thi hien trinh dp, nang lire chuyen mdn, nghiep vu ciia vien chirc lam viec co quan nha nude hmg linh vuc nghl nghiep dupe quy dinh bdi Bd Ndi vu Chitc danh nghl nghiep duge phan ngach va bae Tai Trudng Dai hpc Luat Ha Npi, chirc danh nghl nghiep gdm giing vien, giang vien chinh va giang vien cao cip, chuyen vien, chuydn vien chinh va chuyen vien cao cip; chirc vu gdm phu trach td chuyen mdn, phu trach phdng, lanh dao khoa va nha trudng Chiic vu va chiie danh nghl nghiep khdng triing nhung thudng thi nhiing ngudi cd chiie vu diu ed chitc danh nghl nghiep tuong xiing (giang vien chinh va chuyen vien chinh trd len) Du lieu cho thiy, khdng ed su khac biet dang kl vl mite dd hai Idna hong cdng viec giiia hai nhdm ngudi lao dpng theo chitc vu (nhdm dang hoac da timg giii chile vu lanh dao tir td trudng chuyen mdn trd len va nhdrn nh" 50 TAP CHI TAM Ly HOC, Sd (243), - 2019 vien), theo chiic danh nghe nghiep (nhdm giang vien chinh, giang vien cao cip, chuyen vien chinh, chuyen vien cao cip va nhdm giang vien, chuyen vien) Nhitng ngudi la nhan vien ed dilm hai Idng tdng hpp cao hon nhung ngudi cd chiic vu (7,19 so vdi 7,16 tuong iing); nhiing ngudi cd chirc danh nghl nghiep thupc ngach giang vien chinh va chuyen vien chinh trd len ed miic dp hai ldng cao hon nhiing ngudi la giang vien va chuyen vien (7,24 so vdi 7,16 tuong img) Tuy nhien, sir chenh lech khdng cd y nghTa vl mat thdng ke 3.2.3 Cong viec ddm nhiem Tai Trudng Dai hpc Luat Ha Ndi, theo cdng viec dam nhiem thi ngudi lao ddng gdm giang yien va ngudi thitc hien cdng viec khac khdng phai giang vien Ket qua cho thay, nhUng ngudi khdng la giang vien ed mite dp hai ldng cdng viec cao hon giang vien (dilm ttung binh iin lugt la 7,29 va 7,1 va su chenh lech ciing khdng cd y nghia thdng ke) 3.2.4 Tuoi vd thdm nien cong tdc Tudi tae la mdt ttong nhung dac dilm nhan khiu quan trgng mgi cupc nghien ciiu Dac diem phan anh mite trai nghiem cudc sdng, kinh nghiem lam viee Cdn tham nien cdng tae la khoang thdi gian da lam viec cda ngudi lao ddng (d day chi tinh thdi gian cdng tae tai trudng) Tren thuc te, lita tudi ciing cd the phan anh tham nien cdng tae vi cang nhieu tudi thi thdi gian cong tae cung dai hon, nhung hai thuat ngir khdng triing kbit Ket qua so sanh cho thay, cd su khae biet dang ke ve mtic dp hanh phuc giiia cac nhdm ngudi lao ddng theo dp tudi va thep tham nien cdng tae Theo dp tudi, nhdm ngudi lao ddng tir 30 tudi trd xudng cam thay hanh phuc hon cdng viec (DTB hanh phiie = 7,31); tir dp tudi 31 - 40, miic dp hanh phuc giam (DTB hanh phuc = 6,67), sau dd tang len d nhdm dp tudi tiep thep la nhom - hidi (DTB hanh phuc = 7,42) va nhdm tten 50 tudi (DTB hanh phiic = 7,59) Gia tri p < 0,001 va F = 7,69 cho bill sir khac biet la cd y nghia thdng ke Tir kit quS so sanh d tren ed thi hinh dung mdt biic tranh ve bien ddi sir hai long cdng viec theo thdi gian nhu sau: ngudi lao ddng tre cam thiy hai ldng cdng vide trudc tudi 30 Trong khoang thdi gian 10 nam tiep theo, tUc la tit 31 din khoang 40 tudi, ap lire cdng viec cd the nhieu hon, ip luc gia dinh eung cd thi nhilu hon vi song song vdi cdng viee, hp phai lp tai chinh gia dinh va cham soc, giao due cai da bit dau Idn, d6,_su hai long vdi cdng viec bi giam silt Sau tuoi 40, la liic ngudi lao dpng cd the da bat dau tap trnng cho cdng viee, da tich gdp dugc mot sd vdn liing nghe nghiep, gia dinh din on dinh ban, hp da thich nghi hon vdi cac vai xa hpi cua minh thi mite dd hai long cdng viec cQng cang cao hem Nhdm tren 50 tudi la nhiing ngudi cam thiy hanh phuc nhit cdng viec tai trudng TAPCHl TAM Ly HOC, Sd (243), 6-2019 Tuong tu nhu vay, theo tham nien lam viec, nhdm ngudi lao dp S tham nien tir - nam cd DTB mirc dp hai long la 7,45; nhdm cd thSm men - 15 nam DTB miic dp hai Idng giam xudng cdn 6,72 va sau dd lai tang en din 7,41 d nhdm 16-25 nam va 7,49 d nhdm cd tham nien tten 25 nam Ciia ri p < 0,001 va F = 7,573 eho thiy, sir khae biet giira cac nhdm ngudi lao dpng theo tham nien la cd y nghia thdng ke Kit qua eho thay rang, nhiing ngudi lao ddng thudc nhdm tuoi 3U din 40 va nhdm cd tham nien cdng tae tit din 15 nam tai trudng la nhdm can dugc luu tam bdi hp cd mirc dp hai long vdi cdng viec thap nhat Dang chil y la ket qua phii hgp vdi phat hien ciia Chu Van Due (2017) trudc day ve uu the eila quan he tich cue, ciia eae cam xiic iluong tinh d nhdm giang vien dudi 30 tudi so vdi nhdm giang vien tir 30 - 35 tudi Bdng 4; So sdnh mite dp hgnh phiic cong viec cug ngudi Igo dpng tren binh dien giai linh, dp tuoi thdm nien cong lac, chiic VM DTB DLC Nam (N = 68) 7,35 1,22 Nir (N= 126) 7,09 1,11 Den 30 tu6i (N = 52) 7,31 1,08 31 - 40 tu6i (N = 67) 6,67 1,00 F = 7,691 41 - 50 tuoi (N = 36) 7,42 1,11 p < 0,001 Tren50tu6i04 = 41) 7,59 1,20 Cac binh dien Gioi tinh Tuoi Tham nien Chue vu Cong viec Chue danh 52 P 0,143 - nam 04 = 48) 7,45 0,99 6- 15 nam(N = 71) 6,68 1,07 F = 7,573 16 - 25 nam (N = 37) 7,41 1,14 p < 0,001 Tren 25 nam (N = 40) 7,49 1,18 Co (N = 60) 7,16 1,18 Khong (N= 138) 7,19 1,13 Giang vien (N= 117) 7,10 1,07 Nguai thirc hien cong viec khac (N = 81) 7,29 1,23 Giang vien chinh, giang vien cao cip; Chuyen vien chinh, chuyen vien cao cap (N-49) 7,24 1,13 Giang vien, chuyen vien (N = 149) 7,16 1,15 0,861 0,257 0,671 TAP CHITAM Ly HOC, Sd (243), - 2019 Nhu vly, cd thi hiiu, miic dp hai long cdng viee cd thi it phu thupc vao gidi tinh, chiic vu, cdng viec va chirc danh nghl nghiep cua ngudi lao dpng ttong td chire nha trudng nhung lai phu thudc vao lira tudi va tham nien cdng tae Ket luan Phin ddng tigudi lao dpng d Ttirdng Dai hgc Luat Ha Npi kha hai Idng ttong cdng viee, sd ngudi cam thiy rit hai ldng gip ddi sd ngudi khdng cam thiy hai long Hp cam thay hai long hon ve nang lire lam viee ctla ban than, vl ddng nghiep, ve lanh dao true tiep cua minh, vl vj tri eila minh td chirc, vl danh gia ctia ddng nghiep, danh gia cua lanh dao, vl su tiln bd vl chuyen mon, ve mdi trudng van hda va ve npi dung cdng viec Hg it cam thiy hai ldng hon d khia canh thu nhap, dieu kien vat chit noi Iam viec, su thang tiln ciia ban than va ngudi hpc Tren binh dien gidi tinh, chirc vu, cdng viec va chiic danh, khdng cd su khac biet dang ke ve mtic dp hanh phuc cdng viec gitra cac nhdm ngudi lao dpng Tuy nhien, giiia cac nhdm dupe phan chia thep dp tudi va theo tham nien cdng tae thi khac biet ve mirc dp hanh phuc la dang ke Nhdm ngudi d dp tuli tit 30 trd xudng, dp tudi 41 - 50 va tren 50 cd mirc dp hanh phuc pap hon nhdm ngudi d dd tudi 31 - 40; nhdm ngudi cd tham nien cdng tae tir - nam, tir 16 - 25 nam va tren 25 nam cam thay hanh phuc hon nhdm ngudi cd thdm nien lam viec tir - 15 nam Kit qua cd y nghia thye tiln ddi vdi nhiing ngudi lanh dao phdng, khoa ciing nhu nha trudng de cd nhiing chinh saeh phii hpp htm, tao mdi tradng lam viec hanh phuc cho ngudi lao ddng Viee nhan dien nhiing ngudi it cam thay hai Idng vdi cdng viec, tim hieu hp la dieu rat dang quan tam Ben canh nhiing kit qua dat dugc, nghien ciiu vin cdn nhiing ban chi nhit dinh Sir thilu ving nhQng giai thich kit qua tren tir dir lieu djnh tinh khien cho viec bilu ro hon nhirng dac trung ve sy hai ldng cila ngudi lao dpng vdi cdng viee eua minh tai Trudng Dai hgc Luat Ha Ndi cd chiit khd khan, dac biet la chdn dung eiia nhttng ngudi lao dpng it cam thiy hai long cdng viec tai trudng Ngoai ra, nghien eiiu chua dat van de tim hieu cac yeu to anh hudng din sy hai Idng cdng viec ciia ngudi lao ddng, dac biet nhung yeu tl rit dac trung lien quan tdi nha trucmg Nhirng nghien eiiu tiep theo can dugc tiln hanh dl biic tranh toan canh vl su hai Idng cdng viec cua ngudi lao dpng dupe hoan thien ban TAP CHI TAM Ly HOC, Sd (243), 6-2019 53 Tai lieu t h a m k h a o ,„; da prop" Diener E (2000) Subjective well-being: The science of happiness """^^55.1.34 for a nadonal index American Psychology 55 (1) 34 - 43 Doi: 10.1037/0003-" ' ^ r At Ha Noi o Chu Van Diic (2017) Quan he ciia gidng vien tre Trudng Dgi hpc in nai ldm viec Tap chi Tam ly hoc xa hdi So Tr 12 - 17 .' • Tr„/>mBai hpc Chu Van Due (2017) Thdi dp ddi vdi nghe cua giang vien tre "Ji-^xird nhat: LudI Hd Npi Ky ylu hoi thao quIc tl tam ly hpc khu vuc Dong Nam A « ^ ^^ Hanh phiic ngudi va phat triln bin vOng Quyen NXB Dai hpc Q" Npi Tr 309-318 Phan Thi Mai Huong, D6 Thi Le HJng (2018) Su hdi long vi cdng viec cua nguai lao dong Tap chi Tam ly hpc, S l 10, Tr 30 - 47 D6 Thi Le Hing, Le Thi Linh Trang, Phan Thi Mai Huong, Dang Thi Thu Trang, Duong Thanh Thanh (2017) Cdm nhdn hanh phiic cdng viec cita n^ai lao ddng Ky ylu hpi thao qudc tl tam ly hpc khu vuc Dong Nam A iin thu nhat: Hanh phiic ngudi va phat triln bin vihig Quyln NXB Dai hpc Qudc gia Ha Npi Tr 97-107 Le Thi Minh Loan, Pham Thi Hong Nhung (2017) Mdi quan he giitg sit phii hap cd nhdn - to chitc, tuang tdc Idnh dao - nhdn vien vd su hdi long vdi cong viee Ky yeu hpi thao quoc te tam ly hpc khu vuc Dong Nam A Ian thii nhat: Hanh phiic ngudi va phat trien ben vimg Quyln NXB Dai hpc QuIc gia Ha Ndi Tr 134- 143 Nguyin Hiru Thu (2017) Sir thoa mdn cong viec ciia nguai lao dong mpi si doanh nghiep a Ha Npi Ky yeu hpi thao qudc t l tam ly hpc khu vyc Ddng Nam A lan thu nhat: Hanh phuc nguai va phat triln bin vimg Quyln N X B Dai hpe Qu6cgiaHaNpi.Tr 124-135 Boehm J.K., Lybomirsky S (2008) Does happiness promote career success' of Career Assesmcnt Vol 16 P 101 - 116 Joumal Edmunds L.D., Pryce-Jones J (2008) Relationships between happiness overtime sick leave and intension to slay or leave Selection & Development Review Vol 24 10 Seligman M., (2011) F/o«m(i: ,4 visional^-Hw mders,o„j,„„ , wellbeing NY: Simon & Schuster ^ happiness 54 TAP CHiTAM Ly HOC, Sd (24,^ , and ... tinh trang cua ngudi lao ddng hien tai trudng, tir do, co nhiing giai phap phu hgp dd cai thien mirc hanh phiic cua ngudi lao ddng tai noi lam viec Dd la each hiiu hieu ik ngudi lao ddng ludn ddng... eao ban ngudi lao ddng d cac doanh nghiep nha nude va doanh nghiep tu nhan; thir ba, tiSn luong la mdt nhung yeu td quan trpng anh hudng d6n miie dp hai Idng vdi cdng vi$e cua ngudi lao ddng Le... tronp viec tren mau gdm 478 ngudi lao dpng Nghien ciiu cho thiy thit nhit th"^ 42 TAP CHI TAMLy HOC, Sd (243), 6-2019 man cao hon su khong thda man; thii hai, ngudi lao ddng d doanh nghiep eo vdn
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