Các yếu tố trường học tạo cảm xúc dương tính cho học sinh những phát hiện từ trải nghiệm của học sinh

CAC YEU TO TRUONG HOC TAO C A M X U C DUONG TINH CHO HOC SINH N H Q N G PHAT HIEN TO TRAI NGHIEM CUA HOC SINH Nguyen Minh Trang Dinh Ngpc Binh Thieu Gia An Khoa Tdm ly - Gido due, TrUdngDai hpc Supham Ha Npi * TOM TAT Muc tieu cua nghien cuu nhdm kham phd nhiing yiu td truang hoc tgo cam xuc duang tinh cho hoc sinh Mdu nghien cuu gom 292 hoc sinh THCS va THPT, 64,4% la hoc sinh THCS: 56,4% Id nam Bang hoi tu diin gdm cdu hoi ma: "Diiu gi a truang ldm em vui ve, thich, cdm thdy de chiu, thu, tu hao ? " vd thong tin cd nhdn Kit qud phdt hien 23 yeu to truang hoc duoc tong hap nhom yeu to chinh tgo cdm xuc duong tinh cho hoc sinh Cdc phdt hien chinh gom: (J) Phdn Idn hoc sinh den truong deu co nhieu dieu khien cdc em vui ve, hgnh phuc; (2) Co S nhom yeu to tgo cdm xuc duang tinh hien nhdt Id hgn be, moi trudng trudng hoc vd hoc tap; (3) Hanh vi hgn be vd hogt dong khdc ngoai gia hpc gid tri hpc tap, CO sa vdt chdt cua truang hoc Id nhiing yeu to noi troi tao nen cdm xuc duang tinh cho hpc sinh; (4) Yeu to (hay co vd yeu to cd nhdn hpc sinh Id yiu td tgo cdm xuc duong tinh cho mpt phdn nhd hoc sinh, (5) Co su khdc biet nhdt dinh vi cdc yeu to truang hoc tgo cdm xuc duang tinh cho hpc sinh theo giai tinh vd cdp hpc Kit qud nghien cuu la nhiing gai y cho nhd truang, thdy co gido vd chinh hpc sinh di gia tdng nhiing tinh huong tgo cdm xiic duang tinh a truang hoc cho cdc em Tir khda: Yeu to truang hpe; Cdm xiic duang tinh; Hpc sinh Ngdy nhdn bdi: \/4/2Ql9; Ngdy duyet ddng hdi: 25/4/2019 Mo" dau Cam xuc duang tinh la sir rung dong cua chii thg tnioc tae nhan b8n va ben ngoai, phan ung thich nghi mang tinh tidn tri^n voi chijc nang xav dung ngu6n luc Iau dai (Fredrickson, 1998; Fredrickson va Cohn, 2008^ h vui ve, thoai mai, hanh phiic, thich thii, thii, tu hao, yeu thuang Th ^ 84 TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, S6 (242) 5-2019 quan niem cua Diener (2000), hanh phuc la su thudng xuyen trdi nghiem cdc cdmxitc duang tinh, khong thucmg xuyen trdi nghiem cdc cdm xuc dm tinh vd vi ting thi la hdi long vol cupc sdng Neu hai ldng eung la mpt sd cac cam xiic duang tinh, thi tu day, cd the hiSu cam xuc duang tinh la ndi bat va rdt gSn vdi khai niem hanh phuc Xay dung trudng hpc hanh phuc, lam eho hpc sinh hanh phuc tdi trudng la van de rat duoc quan tam cua cac nen giao due tren thd gidi va Viet Nam "Mdi den trudng la mdt vui" la khiu hieu dupe treo d nhi6u trudng hpc tai Viet Nam vdi ham y trudng hpc la noi dd hpe sinh cam thdy vui ve, Iran dSy hanh phuc Mdt nhtrng sir menh cua viec tao dung trudng hpc hanh phiic chinh la hinh va nudi dudng nhung cam xuc tich eye d hpc sinh vdi muc dich khien cac em thu va yeu thich hpe tap, tidp nhan khdng chi nhQng tri thiic dupe truyen thu ma ea su giap due tu thay cd giap Nhidu nghien ciiu da dupe thue hien de chi vai trd cua cac yeu td trudng hpc ddi vdi cam xuc eua hpc sinh (ca dupng tinh va am tinh) Ket qua nghien ciiu cua Dpng va Yu (2007) chp thiy, su hd trp cua giao vien thue diy nhftng cam xuc dutmg tinh tiong hpc tap d ngudi hpc nhu thu, phan khich, hai Idng Thep nghien cuu cua Phan Thi Mai Huong va cdng su (2017); Lei, Cui va Chiu (2018), sir hd trp ciia ban be va thay ed giap la hai yeu td hang dau lam tang hanh phiie cua tre O'Rourke va Cooper (2010) eung da chiing minh rang, nhiing diia tre cd nhieu ban va thudng xuyen tuang tae tich cue vdi ban be se hanh phuc hem va ung phd tdt ban vdi cang thang Hay hien tupng tieu choc, chd gieu cua ban be ciing khien hpc sinh cam thay khdng an loan d trudng (Truang Thi Khanh Ha, 2017) O'Rpurke va Cpoper (2010) ciing xac dinh sir xa lanh va cd it ban choi cd mdi quan he chat che vdi cam giac bat hanh d tre Ngoai ySu td ban be va fliiy ed giao thi hpe tap cQng la ydu anh hudng dfa cam xuc cua cac em hpe sinh George Essel va Patiick Owusu (2017) cho ring, khdi lupng bai tap/cdng viec d tien Idp cin phai hoan la nguyen nhan chinh gay cang thing eho hpc sinh Hay nghien cuu cua Duang Thi Didu Hpa (2008) eung chp thiy, diem cao se khien hpc sinh vui ve, hanh phiie, viec bi didm kem sd khidn cac em cam thay budn riu, chan nan, mat hiing thu Khdng chi cd cac yeu td hpc tap tae ddng ddn cam xiic cua ngudi hpc ma ca nhdng ydu td tidm tang ben cac em hpc sinh eung lam anh hudng ddn cam xuc cua chinh cac em Kdt qua nghien cuu cua O'Rpurke va Cooper (2010) da chi ring, cac yeu td lien quan tdi ngoai hinh, kha nang the hien dupe gia tij ben eua ban than hpc sinh cd lien quan tdi hanh phuc ciia cac em TAPCHITAM Ly HOC, Sd (242), 5-2019 85 Md hinh hanh phuc d trudng ciia Kohu va Rimpela (2010) da chi cac ydu td CO ban d trudng hpc tap nen hanh phuc cua hpc sinh Dp la eae yeu to Hoat ddng giang day va giap due cua giao vien; Hoat ddng hpc tap ctia hpc sinh; Didu kien nha trudng; Cac mdi quan he xa hdi cua hpe sinh; Ban than hpc sinh va Stic khde Cd the thay, ban ve cac yeu td trudng hpc tap cam xuc chp hpc sinh, cac nghien cuu chu ydu dupe thuc hien d nude ngoai d Viet Nam, cac nghien ciiu ve chu de cdn chua nhieu Ngoai ra, cac ket qua tien chii yeu dupe nit tu nghien ciiu dinh lupng vdi eae yeu td da dupe thiet lap sin ma tieng ndi cua ngudi trnng cudc tu chinh trai nghiem cua hp cdn rit it Vi the, cau hdi dat ra: (1) Tir trai nghiem cua minh, hpc sinh thay yeu td trudng hpc nao tao nen cam xuc duong tinh d cac em?; (2) Cd su khac biet theo gidi tinh va cap hpe ve cac yeu td trudng hpc tap nen cam xuc dutmg tinh eho hpc sinh khdng? Phutmg phap nghien ciru 2.1 Mdu chpn Mau nghien cilu thuan tien gdm 303 hpc sinh d hai trudng phd thdng tai Ha Npi, trpng dd cd trudng hpc cp sd va I trudng trung hpc phd thdng Khi thu thap dQ lieu, ed 11 hpc sinh dua cau tra Idi vd nghia hoac khdng tra Idi nen bi loai khdi phan tich Vi vay, so lupng miu dupe dua vao phan tich la 292 ngudi, dd 56,7% la nam, 43,3% ia nO; 67,1% la hoe sinh THCS, 32,9% la hpc sinh THPT 2.2 Cong CII thu thap dir lieu Du lieu dinh tinh dupe thu tiiap qua bang hdi vdi eau hdi md: "Didu gi d trtrdng lam em vui ve, thich, cam thiy dd cMu, thu, tu hao ?" Hoc sinh viet tdi da dieu nhd nhit khiin chung cd dupe cam xuc duang tinh d trudng hpc Tuy nhien, dd khdng phai la sd cd dinh Hoc sinh cd thd vidt it hon hoac nhieu ban sd Ben canh dd, cac thdng tin ca nhan nhu gidi tinh khdi Idp ciing dupe thu thap ' 2.3 Phan tich dir lieu Md hoa dit lieu: Trudc hit, cac ma ylu td trudng hpc duae xac dinh dua tren su tuang ddng giua cac yeu td eu the dupe bao cao Viec ma h'' rt thuc hien bdi hai ngudi, sau dd, mdt ngudi khae danh gia dpc lap vl ''^,h'"'^ nhat giua bai ngudi tren ya thap luan nhirng trudng hpp khac biet Td m o cau tra Idi cua hpc sinh, ket qua thu dupe 23 ylu td trudng hpc duae' h i^ ^ nhdm yeu to chinh tap cam xuc duong tinh chp tre (dp la cac ylu t^'^r"-'' den ban be, thay cd giap, ban than ngudi hpc, hpc tap, mdi trudna n^h '?""" Idp hpe) va mdt ma cac yeu td dan le khac, khdng bao gdm nbuns mA ,• !™™g' 51110 ta tren day 86 TAPCHITAMLyHOC,Sd5(242),5-2019 Phdn tich: Da lieu diiac phan tich bing phuang phap: (1) Phan tich npi dung dupe thue hien nhim md ta tinh da dang eua cac ylu to trudng hpc tao cam xiic duong tinh cho hpc sinh Viee trich nit du lieu dupe hd trp bdi phin mIm Excel; (2) Phan tich thdng ke vdi eae ma ylu td trudng hpc d tren dupe thue hien voi thdng ke mdta (sd lupng, ty le %) vk phan tich bdng cheo (crosstitbs) vdi su hd trp cua phin mIm SPSS Phep phan tich vdi cau hdi da phuang an (multiple respanses) dupe ap dung Hai chilu canh phan tich sd lieu dupe thuc hien la phan tich theo sd cau tia Idi va phan tich theo sd ngudi tra Idi Ket qua nghien ciru 3.1 Thuc trang cac yiu td trucmg hpc tao cdm xiic duang tinh cho hoc sinh Bang eho tiiay, trung binh hpc sinh miu phan tich neu khoang yeu td trudrig hpc tap cam xuc duang tinh Chi cd mpt em tra Idi: d trudng khdng cd dieu gi lam em thay vui ve, hanh phuc Nhu vay, hiu hit hpc sinh din trudng diu cd nhung dieu khiin cac em cam thiy hanh phuc, vui ve, thich, thoai mai, hiing thu Du la eon sd rat nhd nhung mpt em khdng thiy vui thu d trudng hpc cOng la dieu rat dang quan tam Bang I: Bdng phdn bo cdc nhom yeu to trudng hpc tgo cdm xiic duang tinh Yeu to So cau tra IM Ty le % so ngiriri So liro-ng Tv le % (N = 292) Veu to ban be 349 33,6 119,5 Yeu t6 moi trirdng nha trudng 257 24,7 88,0 Yeu 16 hoc tap 240 23,1 82,2 Ylu t6 th4y CO giao 82 7,9 28,1 Ylu 16 ban than 36 3,5 12,3 Khac 75 7,2 25,7 1.039 100,0 355,8 T6ng Cac nhdm yeu td trudng hoc bap gdm: / Yiu td bgn be: la cac ylu td lien quan din ban be nhu hanh vi, dac dilm eua ban be, cam xuc va thai dp cua ban be doi vdi minh, eung nhu eua minh ddi vdi ban (choi vdi ban, giup dd/dupc giup do, ndi chuyen, tam su, ed ngudi yeu xinh/dep ) TAPCHfTAM Ly HOC, Sd (242), 5-2019 87 Yiu td thdy co gido: la eae yeu td lien quan den thay cd nhu hanh vi, dac dilm cua thiy cd giao, thai dp va cam xuc cua thay cd giao ddi vai no sinh (khen em, dpng vien, khich le, ndi chuyen, quan tam, ung xu tam ly> day hay ) Yiu Id bdn thdn ngudi hpc: la eae yeu td lien quan den ban than hpc sinh bac gdm nang luc ban than (ngoai hpc tap), cam nhan/danh gia ve gia tn cua ban than tap the va nhiing dac diem, sd thich khac cua ca nhan hpc sinh d trudng (cac tai le ngoai hpe tap, xinh dep, ddng gdp cho Idp )• Yiu td hpc tap: la cac yeu td lien quan den van de hpc tap cua hpc sinh bap gdm cac mdn hpc, ket qui! bpc tap, gia tri bpc tap va ap luc hpc tap Yiu to nhd trudng/lap hpc: la cac yeu td lien quan den mdi trudtig xung quanh cua nha trudng va cac boat ddng trudng/ldp nhu co sd vat chat, canh quan trudng hpc, boat dpng ngoai khda trudng/ldp td chue va cac boat ddng khac trpng nha trudng So sanh tan suat dupe de cap den cua cac nhdm ylu td tren, du lieu cho thiiy, yeu td ban be cd sd lupng cau tra Idi nhieu nhat (349 cau tren tdng sd 1.039 cau) chiem 33,6% tdng sd cau tra Idi va ty le gdp len tdi gin 120% sd hpc sinh Dieu dd cho thay, day la yeu td quan trpng nhat khien cac em vui ve, thich thii nhat tdi trudng, dd, mdt sd em de cap den da dang ylu td ban be Yeu td bpc tap va yen td nha trudng chilm ty trpng eung rit cao eae ylu Id trudng hpc chung td ylu to la nhiing ylu td khiin cac em hanh phuc Ty le sd hpc sinh chi cac ylu td la tren 80% Trong dd, ylu td thiy cd giao tao cam xuc duong tinh cho hpc sinh chilm ty le thip hon han so vdi ylu td da nhic din d tren Ylu td chi chiem khoang 8% sd cau tra Idi va dupe dl cap din d khoang 28% sd hpc sinh Cudi eung, yeu eung dupe dl cap tdi nhung cd sp lupng it nhit la ylu td ban than (75/1.039 cau) chilm 3,5% tdng sd cau tia Idi va dupe dl cap din d 12,3% sd hpe sinh Cac ylu td cd dem lai cam xuc duong tinh cho cac em nhtmg khdng phd bien Rd I'ang, so vdi cac ylu td ban be, mdi trudng nha trudng va hoc tao thi vai trd cua cac yeu td thay cd giao va ban than chua Idn bing, chua tao r ' xuc ducmg tinh cho nhilu hpc sinh Cd thi thiy, thuc tl'trai neti' • ^ ^^-^ sdng d trudng cua minh, nilm vui, hanh phuc d trudng cua tre din t d T '^T''^ hpc tap va mdi trudng nha trudng nhilu hon din tu thiy cd giao va b' " h - ' su nhin nhan eua cac em ^" ^"^^ TAP CHI TAMLy HOC, Sd (242) -2019 Bang the hidn chi tiet hon cac ylu td phin eua nhdm cac ylu td trudng hpc tao cam xuc duong tinh cho bpc sinh Vl nhdm ylu td ban be, dd lieu chi yeu td hay phin chinh Dd la: 1- Hanh vi cua ban be ddi vdi minh va cua minh ddi vdi ban: la nhung hoat ddng giao luu, chia se eua ban be danh cho nhau, nhu di choi cilng nhau, vui chai, ndi chuyen, tam su vdi nhau, giup dd 2- Dac diem ban be: la nhiing dac dilm vl ngudi (ca ben tiong eung nhu ben ngoai) nhu tdt bimg, tin cay, than thien, thiu bilu, ling nghe, xinh dep 3- Cam xuc/thai dp cua ban be ddi vdi minh va cua minh ddi vdi ban be: la nhiing tinh cam, each ung xd than ai, tdt dep cua ban be vdi minh v^ eua minh vdi ban be nhu dupe ban quy mIn, quan tam, thuang yeu, tdn trpng Trong sd cac yeu td nay, hanh vi ban be khiin cac em vui ve, hanh phiic chilm sd lupng rat Idn (305/1.039 cau) dat 29,4%, tdng sp cau tra Idi va phd biln d tat ca hpc sinh (md ta chi tiet ylu td d hop 1) Dac dilm ban be va cam xuc ban be it phd bien ban Hop 1: Cdc hdnh vi lien quan den yeu to bgn be tgo cdm xiie duong tinh cho hpe sinh Giao luu: dupe gap ban be, ndi chuyen, tam su, chia se, than viin, tranh luan, tao cSu chuy$n cudi vdi ban be, kit ban vdi nhieu ngudi, lam quen vdi ban, treu cac ban nhiing liic ranh rdi, dupe giao lim, gap go nhieu ngudi ban mdi, ndi chuyen vdi ngudi ban ma em yen quy, cd nhieu ban be, dupe gap ngudi minh thich, ngdi canh ban than Vui choi: vui chai, cudi dila, choi tid choi eung ban be, ni dupe ban be di choi, duoc choi eung ban be Loi ich vat chat: dupe an ke an cac ban, dupe ban bao dd an Hoat ddng chung: ciing vdi ca Idp chien thang cupc thi, hpc ciing ban Duoc xem da bdng vdi ban Dupe canh tianh vdi cac ban Cai vdi ban Cung ban than ndi xau ban khac, treu choc ban phat khdc Cd ky niem dep ben ban be Dupe thu lam nhimg dieu mdi cung ban Cho dua: luc gap khd khan dupe cac ban giup dd, tuong trp Dupe ban be khen Ban be ludn doan kit Dupe cac ban bao ve, dupe cham sde, duoc ban be lang nghe Cac lieu dinh tinh chp thiy, nhirng dilu hpc sinh cam thiy vui ve, hanh phuc nhit d ban be la nhQng hanh vi eung giao luu, vui chai, ho|t ddng, la chd dua tinh thin eua mdi khd khan, ddng vien mdi DQ lieu cQng cho thiy, nilm vui cua cac em cd thi tu nhung viec tieu TAP CHI TAM Ly HOC, Sd (242), - 2019 89 cue nhu cung ndi xiu ban, treu chpc ban Ddy la dieu can dupe luu y, bm dd chinh la ngudn gdc eua bien tuong bit nat hpc dudng, can dupe giamtnieu hien Kit qua nghien cuu thuc tiln eung phu hpp vai dac diem tam ly lira tudi vi nien, dac biet la tudi thilu nien, tdc liia tudi hpc smb T HCb, bdi le, giai dpan nay, boat ddng giao tiep vdi ban la mdt nhung boat dpng chu dap cd anh hudng nhilu din cudc sdng va hpc tap cua cac em Trpng nhdm ylu td nha trudng, hai ylu td chinh la co sd vft chit, caiih quan cua nha tradng va eae boat ddng ngoai khda tradng/ldp td chue khien cac em vui ve, thich thu YIU td dupe nhic den nhieu nhat la nhung hoat dpng tinh hudng, su kien khac ngoai hpc tap ma cac em dupe trai nghiem trpng nha tradng nhu haat ddng ngoai khda, sinh boat dudi cd, di cam tiai cung lap, tham gia cac mdn till thao hay van nghe toan trudng , dac biet la nhung tinh hudng nhu dupe nghi hpc, cd giap khdng din Idp, di hpc mudn nhung khdng bj ghi ten Mdt sd em nhic din sir saeh se cua nha ve sinh, ed nhieu cay cdi, hoa la san tradng, phdng hpc ed dieu hda nhiet dp, caiig tin phuc vu nhanh, cd nhilu mdn an phu hpp hpc trd khiin cac em thiy dl chiu, thoai mai Day la nhung diem ma cac nha tradng can quan tam Bdng 2: Phdn bd chi tiet cua ede yeu to trudng hpc tgo cdm xuc duang tinh cho hpc sinh C^c nhom yeu to Cac phan ciJa tirng nhom yeu to So can tra \tf\ Ty le % So Tyle so nguoi (N = 292) lirffnj^ % Ban be Nha trudng Hoc tap 90 Hanh vi cua ban be doi vai minh, ciia minh doi vdi ban 305 29,4 104,5 Dac diem ban be 34 3,3 11,6 Cam xuc/thai cua ban be d6i vai minh/ciia minh vai ban 10 1,0 3,4 Co sd vat chat cua trircmg 77 7,4 26,4 Hoat dong ngoai khoa trLrong/ldp to chirc 72 6,9 24,7 Hoat dong khac nha trirdng 108 10,4 37,0 Mon hoc 54 5,2 18,5 ICel qua hoc tap 75 7,2 _ 25,7 Gia tri hoc tap 89 86 _3(L5_ Hoc tap khong ap lire 22 2,1 L_Zi5_ TAP CHI TAMLy HOC, Sd (242),5-2019 ThIiy CO giao Ban than Khac Tanh vi cua thay CO giao 32 3,1 11,0 D?c diem cua thay c6 giao 32 3,1 11,0 Thai do/cam xuc thiy co giao ddi vdi hoc sinh 18 1,7 6,2 Nang lire ban than (ngoai hoc tap) 0,5 1,7 Gia tri ban thSn 18 1,7 6,2 Cam xiic/sd thich ciia ban than 13 1,3 4,5 Cac cau kh6ng lien quan 23 2,2 7,9 Cac yeu to khac ve ban be chua dirac de cap 22 2,1 7,5 Cac yeu to khac ve thay co chua duae de cap 26 2,5 8,9 Cac yeu to khac ve ban than chua duoc de cap 0,3 1,0 Kh6ng CO 0,1 0,3 1.039 100,0 355,8 Tong Ghi chii: Do mdi hoc sinh co the dita nhieu cdu trd Idi cho mot yeu to nen tyle% tr ngudi CO the Idn han 100% Hpp 2: Cdcyiu td vi gid tri hpc tdp tao cdm xiic duang tinh cho hpc sinh Dupe nghe nhitng bai giang hay, thii vi va bd ich ciia cac cd giao Dupe bpc tlip, ren luyen Dupe di hpc, trd ngudi bilu biet, cd ich Dupe cac cd day nhQng dilu hay ma minh chua biet Bill lam tit ca cac bai, cd giang gi cung hieu Giai dupe bai loan khd Duoc trao ddi kiln thuc Cung cd them kiln thitc d mdn hpc ma minh thich Dupe md mang kiln thirc, sanh ngang vdi cac nude Duoc bd sung kiln thuc vl hpc tap vl cupc sdng tuoi dep xung quanh chung ta Trpng nhdm ylu td hpc tap, gia tri hpe tap mang lai cam xiic duang tinh cho hoe sinh nhilu nhit dat 8,6% tdng sd cau tra Idi va cd d ban 30% sd hpc sinh Cac em thiy thu hpe tap ban nhan thay hpc tap mang lat ehp minh nhilu kiln thiic b6 ich, nhd hpe tap ma cac etn trd ngudi hieu biet, cd ich sau (hdp 2) Cac em da nhan tbdc dupe rang, viec bpc ed dem lat gta tri nhit dinh chp ban than minh Kit qua hpc tap dat dupe nhu mpng mupn, dat hpc sinh gidi, dat dilm cap cac ky thi, kiem tra cung la yeu td quan tipng khiin hon 1/4 s6 hoc sinh vui mung, hanh phuc DQ lieu ciing cho thay, hau TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, S6 (242), 5-2019 91 nhu mpi mon hoc tir the due, my thuat, ddn toan, van, sinh, vat ly, hoa hpc ^ dSu CO the khi6n hpc sinh thich thii Yeu thich mpt mon hpc nao c6 the khi6n nhi^u hoc sinh vui ve d6n truang d6 dupe hoc Bdn canh do, viec hoc t^P khong CO ap luc nhu s6 lirgmg bai tap vh khong qua nhiiu, thi cu, kidm tra nhe nhang, khong bi ap luc dilm cao, khong bj gpi len bang lam mot so em thay vui ve, thoai mai han ddn truang (khoang 7,5% mau nghien cuu) Nhom ydu t6 th^y co giao bao gom cac yeu t6 hay phan khien cac em thSy vui, thich, hanh phiic nhu: Cac hanh vi ciia thay co giao ling xur vm hpc sinh; Nhung dac dldm ve giang day, ve tinh each cua thay co giao; Thai dp/cam xuc ciia thay co giao vai hpc sinh Dudfi day la mot so mo ta cu the ciia hpc sinh ve nhiJng dieu ma thay co giao khien cac em thich thii, vui ve Hop 3: Cac yeu to thdy co giao tgo cdm xuc duang tinh cho hoc sinh Hanh vi cua thay co giao Dac diem cua thay co giao Khong bi co giao mang, phat Gidng day toi: Thay giao day hay; Giao vien Dugc thay co giao giup da khich day de hieu; Bai giang hay; Co giao day toan; le, dpng vien, day bao, quan tani Co giao day hay Dugc thay co giao an ui, khen, d6i Tinh each: Vui ve, tuyet vai, chieu hpc sinh, vui tinh, nhiet tinh, t6t, hidn, hai uac, tam ly, xir cong bang than thien, chia se cai ma, co giao dl mdn, co Giao vien khao an Co giao cho tam huyet vai cong vide, th4y co giao hang hai em tan hgc som Gid thi cac co Duae giao luu: Gap thay co giao; Dugc nghe giao de CO giao chu nhiem noi Noi chuyen, tam sir vai th4y co giao Yeu to ban than hpc sinh la ydu to dupe nhic ddn kha it, bao a6m ' ° phan Do la: ^ Gia tri ban than: Cam nhan dugc nhirng gia tri ciia ban than trono tSn thd nhu lam lop truang, dupe cong nhan ^ •^ Nang luc ban than ngoai hpc tap hay dupe gpi la nhung tai le nb,r th' thao, chai game ' ""^ ^"^ Cam xiic/sa thich ciia ban than: la nhtrng cam xiic va sa thich ciia hoc sinh, dap ling nhu cau ctia ca nhan cac em 92 TAP CHI TAM L? HOC, 86 5(242), -2019 Trong yeu to ban than thi gia tri ban than dupe cac em dl cap din nhilu nhit chiem l,7%i tdng sd cau tra Idi va cd d 6,2% sd ngudi tra Idi (hdp 4) Cac em hpc sinh da hiSu ro ve gia tri cua ban than va cam thiy tu hao vl chinh ban than minh Hpp 4: Cdc yeu to ve gid tri bdn thdn tgo cdm xiic duang tinh cho hpc sinh Em xinh gSn nhit lop Dugc lam lop truang Dugc nhieu nguai de y Dugc mpi nguai khen nggi, cong nhan Dugc song diing voi tinh each Dugc neu y kien; Dugc gia tay phat bidu Dugc vinh danh truoc toan lop Dugc cong nhan la hgc sinh cham ngoan hgc gioi Cd the thay, cac yeu td trudng hpc tao cam xuc duong tinh cho hpc sinh rit da dang va bao quat hau hit eae ddi tupng nha trucmg nhu; thay cd giao, ban be, ban than hoc sinh cung nhu cac ITnh vuc hoat ddng trpng nha trudng: hpc tap, giang day, ngoai khda Nhu vay, den trudng, dupe hpc tap, dupe giao lim, dupe hpat ddng la co sd de bpc sinh cam thay hanh phuc, vui ve 3.2 So sdnh cdc yiu ti trudng hpc tao cam xiic duffng tinh cho hpc sinh theo gi&i linh vd cip hpc Gidi tinh va tudi tae (bae hpc) la nhimg ylu td chp thiy rd sir khae biet CO ban d nhilu dac dilm tam ly eua hpc sinh ma cac nghien ciiu deu chi O day, cau hdi dat la lieu cac ylu td tap cam xuc duong tinh cho hpe sinh nam cd hiang tu nhu d hpc sinh nu, cho hpc sinh tudi nhd ban, d bac hpc THCS cd nhu eho hpc sinh Idn ban, d bac THPT? Sa sanh tin suit cac ylu td trudng hpc tap cam xuc dupng tinh chp hpc sinh nam va nQ (bang 3) da chi sir khac biet va tuang ddng giQa chung Ve sir gidng nhau, ca nam va nu diu chi nhilu nhit cac ylu tP tap nen cam xuc duong tinh d trudng hpc la nhdm ylu td ban be trpng dd ty le gdp cua nam la 113,9% va ty le eua nQ la 127,0% Khdng chi cd ylu td dupe de cap nhieu nhat ma ca ylu td dl cap it nhit la ylu td ban than thi bai gidi cung cd su tuong ddng Ylu td ban than la ylu td tao nen cam xuc duang tinh dupe de cap it hon ca ylu td, dd cd d 12,7% sinh nam va d 14,3% sd hpc sinh nu v l sir khac biet, trpng long so ban nam tham gia khao sat thi chi cd 22,4% ban cho ring, ylu td thiy ed giao dem lai cam xiic duong tinh, cdn ddi vdi nu s6 len din 35,7% Ngupc lai ddi vdi ylu td hpc tap, 89,1% sd hpc sinh nam TAPCHITAM Ly HOG, Sd (242), - 2019 93 ehp ring, ylu td chinh la tae nhan tap ndn cam xuc duan^ tinh c ^^ trudng hpc, cdn vdi nQ sd la 73,8% Ddi vdi nii, yeu to nha trucmg nen elm xuc duong tinh cho 94,4%, nhmig chi cho 83% sd hpc smb nam ^^^ Nhu vay, dilu lam chp hpc sinh ndi chung, ea nam va nQ, i^«S ^ phuc d trudng chinh la dupe giao luu vdi ban be, cd ban be tin c|y a«^ nghe, chia se Nhung su khac biet giQa nam va nu la a cho: yeu to W "^ vl nha trudng it dem lai cam xuc duong tinh eho nam ban cho nu, nhung ng lai, ylu td hpe tap dem lai cam xuc duang tinh eho nam nhieu ban cho nu Bdng 3: Cdc yiu td tgo cdm xuc duang tinh a truang theo gicn ttnh vd cdp hpc (ty le % theo so nguai) Cap hoc Gioi tinh Cac yeu to Nam Yeu to hoc tap ylu t6 ban than Yeu 16 trirdng hoc Khac THCS Tong THPT 188 160 264 85 Ty 16 % 113,9 127,0 134,7 88,5 S6 luong 37 45 65 17 22,4 35,7 33,2 17,7 Yeu 16 ban be Y£u to thiy c6 Nir Tvl?% So lugng 147 93 184 56 Ty le % 89,1 73,8 93,9 58,3 So luong 21 15 28 Ty le % 12,7 11,9 14,3 8,3 So lirang 137 119 186 71 Tyle% 83,0 94,4 94,9 74,0 S6luang 43 32 43 32 Ty le % 26,1 25,4 21,9 333 Tons 165 126 196 96 Tv le % 100 I 100 100 100 348 82 240 36 256 75 291 i; KhuySl ihiiu trudng hap khong khai ve gidi tinh Xet theo eip hpc, ca hpc sitih THPT va hpc sinh THCS diu cho thiy ylu td ban be dupe danh gia la ylu td tap cam xuc duang tinh cho cac eni nhilu nhit sd nhdm yeu td trudng hpc Tuy nhien, ylu td d hoc sinh THCS chilm nhilu ban hpc sinh THPT Ty le tdng gdp cho ylu td d 94 TAP CHiTAM Ly HOC, Sd (242), 2019 hpc sitih THCS la 134,7% va ty If cua hpc sinh THPT la 88,5% tuong ling Chd ylu su khic bidt din tir ylu td hanh vi ban be ddi vdi nhau: ed 118%i sd hpc sinh THCS (tdng gdp) dl cap din ylu td nay, nhtmg chi cd 76%i sd hpc sinh THPT chi ylu td ma thoi Ve sir khac biet, ty le hoc sinh THPT danh gia ylu td thiy cd giao dem lai cam xuc ducmg tinh la 17,7%, cdn ddi voi hpe sinh THCS, sd len din 35,7% Chu ylu, sir khac biet xuat phat tu ylu to hanh vi cua thiy cd giao: ylu td tao cam xuc duang tinh cho 15,3%o sd hpc sinh THCS nhung chi cho 2,1% sd hoc sinh THPT Ddi vdi ylu td hpc tap, 93,9% sd hpc sinh THCS ehp ring, ylu td cht'nh la tae nhan tao nen cam xuc duong tinh cho cac em d ttudng hpc, cdn vdi hpe sinh THPT cpn sd la 58,3%i Chi tiet cac yeu td hpc tap CP dieu kha ly thu, cac em hpc sinh THCS de cap den nhieu hon ve kit qua hpc tap khien cac em vui ve, thich thu (36,2%i), cdn d hpc sinh THPT thi cpn sd chi la 4,2%) Nhtmg ylu td gia tri hpc tap lai dupe hpc sinh THPT de cap den nhilu han (37,5%i), cdn vdi hpc sinh THCS thi can sd la hpn 27%> Ddi vdi hpc sinh THCS, yeu td nha trudng tap nen cam xuc duang tinh cho din 94,9%i, ddi vdi hpc sinh THPT chi ed 74% sd hpc sinh danh gia nhu tren Cd thi thiy, su khac biet giQa hpc sinh Idn (THPT) va hpc sinh be (THCS) rd ret ban sp vdi chilu canh gidi tinh Tit gdc dp sd lupng cac yeu td trudng hpe nhu nhQng tae nhan tap cam xuc duang tinh thi hpc sinh THCS hanh phuc ban hoc sinh THPT Hpc sinh THCS cd ty le cap ban d hiu hit eae nhdm ylu td trudng hpc khiin eae em vui ve, dl chiu, thpai mai d trudng: ban be, thiy ed giap, hpc tap, nha trudng, ban thSn Ket luan Tu kit qua nghien ciiu d tren ed thi thiy mdt sd dilm chinh sau day Thii nhit, hiu hit hpc sinh diu tim thiy dilu gi dd tu trudng hpe khien cac em cd cam xuc duang tinh Chi ed nhat mdt hpc sinh khdng tim thay dilu gi d ttudng hpc khiin minh thiy vui ve, hanh phuc; mac du la trudng hop ca biet nhtmg la dilu can quan tam Thu hai, trang sd cac ylu td trudng hpe, ed ylu td tap cam xuc duang tinh phd biln nhit cho da sd hpc sinh la ban be, mdi trudng trudng bpc vii hpc tap Thir ba, hanh vi ban be, hoat ddng khac ngoai gid hoc ma hpc sinh da thuc hien nha trudng, gia tri eua hpe tap va ca sd vat chat cua nha trudng la nhQng ylu td ndi trdi, tao cam xiic duang tinh cho hpe smb Thir tu, ylu td thiy ed giap, ylu td ban nhan hpc sinh la hai yeu td tao cam xuc duong tinh cho mdt phan nhd hpc sinh TAP CHi TAM Ly HOC, Sd (242), - 2019 95 Thii nam, cd nhQng khac biet nhit djnh vl^cae ylu td trudng hpc tap cam xuc duong tinh cho hpc sinh theo gidi tinh va cap hpc Tdm lai, nhilu ylu td cu thi khiin cac em hpe sinh duae hanh phuc, Wi ve din trudng da duae clii Dd chinh la nhQng dieu ma chung ta call quan tam trudc hit Ben canh dd, cd nhung hien tupng can luu tam ' " " ™ eae ylu td Thii nhit la hien Wpng mdt sd hpc sinh cam thay vui ve dem lai su tdn thuang cho ban be Thit hai, cd em den trudng ma khdng thay dilu gi kliiln cac em vui ve Chua cd minh chutig ve mdi lidn he giQa hm hipn tupng vdi cung nhu vdi nhQng ylu td khac, nhung dd cung la dteu ma cac nha giap due, eae bac phu huynh nSn chu y nhieu ban Kit qua nghien ciiu cd gia tri Idn vl mat thuc tiln Dua thep ket qua dupe rut ra, cd thi dl xuit ring, cam xuc duong tinh hay hanh phuc d trudng cua hpc sinh la dilu rit cin dupe quan tam eua nha trudng, giao vien va ca hpe sinh Tire la, cac em din trudng khdng chi hpe, ma d dd, cac em trai nghiem mdt phin cudc sdng ciia minh Trudng hpc hanh phuc chi hpc sinh cam thiy hanh phuc va thay ed giao ciing cam thiy hanh phuc Tuy vay, nghien ciru ciing cd nhQng ban che nhat dinh can dupe khac phuc cac nghien cim tiep theo dl cd nhtrng ket qua hoan thien ban, tir do, cd the img dung hieu qua tren thue tien nha trudng bien Trudc bet, mau nghien cdu d day chi gdm hpc sinh d mdt trudng trung hpc ea sd va mpt trudng trung hpc phd thdng tai Ha Ndi Mau can dupe md rpng cac dia ban khac phong phu ban de hue tranh ve eae yeu td trudng hpe tao cam xuc duong tinh cho hpc sinh phan anh thue tien da dang ban Mat khac, day la kit qua cua nghien ciiu dinh tinh, chi mang tinh phat hien ma chua dupe khai quat hda Vi the, rat can thuc hien cac nghien cuu dinh luong tiep thep tren co sd cac phat hien de khai quat hda van de Tai lieu tham khao Diener E (2000) Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index American Psychology 55 (1) 34-43 Doi; 10.1037/0003-066x 55.1.34 Dong Y and Yu G.L (2007) The development and application of an academic emotions questionnaire Acta Psychologica Sinica Vol 39 P 852 - 860 Fredrickson B.L (1998) What good are positive emotions'' Review nf r i Psychology (3) 300 - 319 ueneral Fredrickson B.L & Cohn M.A (2008) Positive emotions, bi M Lewis J H H Jones & L.F Barrett (eds.) Handbook of Emotions (3rd edl (P in' ^n;f7^, ' •'• ^ • ' " - 796) New York; Guilford Press 96 TAP CHi TAM Ly HOC, Sd (242), 2019 George Essel and Patrick Owusu (2017) Causes of students' stress, its effects on their academic success, and stress management by students Thesis, Faculty; School of Business and Culture, Seinajoki University of Applied Sciences Truong Thi Khanh Ha (2017) Su hdi long vdi cupc sdng dia tre em: Mpt sd khia canh lien quan den gia dinh yd truang hpc Ky ylu Hdi thao qudc tl Tam ly hpc khu vuc Ddng Nam A iin thu nhit Quyin Tr 65-73 NXB Dai hoc Qudc gia Ha Ndi Duong Thi Dieu Hpa (2008) Gido trinh tdm ly hpc phdt triin NXB Dai hpc Su pham Phan Thj Mai Huong va Nguyin Thi Tbiiy Anh (2017) Diiu gi khiin tre hgnh phiic den trudng? Du bdo cua ede yeu to trucmg hpc Ky yen Hpi thao qudc te Tam ly bpc khu vuc Ddng Nam A lan thit nhit; Hanh phuc ngudi va phat trien bin vimg Quyen Tr 54-64 NXB Dai hpc Qudc gia Ha Ndi Kohu A., Rimpela M (2002) Well-being in schools: a conceptual model Health Promotion Intemational Oxford University Press Vol 17 No P 79 - 87 10 Lei H., Cui Y and Chiu M.M (2018) The Relationship between teacher support and students' academic emotions: A meta-analysis Frontiers in Psychology Vol P 1-12 11 O'Rourke J and Cooper M (2010) Lucky to be happy: A study of happiness in Australian primary students Australian Joumal of educational & Developmental Psychology Vol 10 P 94 -107 TAPCHiTAM Ly HOG, Sd (242), 5-2019 97 ... dat la lieu cac ylu td tap cam xuc duong tinh cho hpe sinh nam cd hiang tu nhu d hpc sinh nu, cho hpc sinh tudi nhd ban, d bac hpc THCS cd nhu eho hpc sinh Idn ban, d bac THPT? Sa sanh tin suit... be, dupe gap ngudi minh thich, ngdi canh ban than Vui choi: vui chai, cudi dila, choi tid choi eung ban be, ni dupe ban be di choi, duoc choi eung ban be Loi ich vat chat: dupe an ke an cac ban,... hpc sinh THCS diu cho thiy ylu td ban be dupe danh gia la ylu td tap cam xuc duang tinh cho cac eni nhilu nhit sd nhdm yeu td trudng hpc Tuy nhien, ylu td d hoc sinh THCS chilm nhilu ban hpc sinh