(LUẬN văn THẠC sĩ) AN INVESTIGATION INTO METAPHORS IN SLOGANS ON SAVING THE ENVIRONMENT IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING QUY NHON UNIVERSITY VÕ THỊ THU HẰNG AN INVESTIGATION INTO METAPHORS IN SLOGANS ON SAVING THE ENVIRONMENT IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE MASTER THESIS IN ENGLISH Binh Dinh - 2019 download by : skknchat@gmail.com MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING QUY NHON UNIVERSITY VÕ THỊ THU HẰNG AN INVESTIGATION INTO METAPHORS IN SLOGANS ON SAVING THE ENVIRONMENT IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE FIELD : English Linguistics CODE : 22 02 01 Supervisor: Assoc Prof Dr NGUYỄN TẤT THẮNG download by : skknchat@gmail.com BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC QUY NHƠN VÕ THỊ THU HẰNG NGHIÊN CỨU ẨN DỤ TRI NHẬN TRONG KHẨU HIỆU BẢO VỆ MÔI TRƯỜNG BẰNG TIẾNG ANH VÀ TIẾNG VIỆT Chuyên ngành: Ngôn ngữ Anh Mã số : 22 02 01 Người hướng dẫn: PGS.TS NGUYỄN TẤT THẮNG download by : skknchat@gmail.com I STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP I hereby certify that the thesis entitled AN INVESTIGATION INTO METAPHORS IN SLOGANS ON SAVING ENVIRONMENT IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE is the result of my own research for the Degree of Master of English Linguistics at Quy Nhon University I confirm that this thesis has not been submitted for any other degrees Except where reference is made in the text of the research paper, this thesis contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in the whole, or in part from paper by which I have qualified for or been award another degree or diploma Moreover, no other person's work has been used without acknowledgement in the research Student's signature Võ Thị Thu Hằng download by : skknchat@gmail.com II ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In completion of this thesis, I would particularly like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Assoc Prof Nguyễn Tất Thắng for his continuous support, valuable sources of materials, insightful comments, constructive criticism and endless patience throughout my work This thesis would not be completed without his assistance, enthusiastic and instructive supervision My special thanks go as well as to Dr Hà Thanh Hải who gave me integral lectures and guidance which provided me with a solid foundation to this research I would also like to extend my thanks to the Department of Foreign Languages at Quy Nhon University for their help in offering me the resources in carrying out the study Last but not least, I would like to show my gratitude to my family and my friends who gave me encouragement, support and regard so that I could accomplish my research Võ Thị Thu Hằng July, 2019 download by : skknchat@gmail.com III ABSTRACT This thesis investigated of Conceptual Metaphors and compared the similarities and the differences in conceptual metaphors in slogans on saving environment between English and Vietnamese From the view of cognitive linguistic, this research is carried out to find out three types of conceptual metaphors including structural metaphors, ontological metaphors, orientational metaphors and the similarities and the differences in these slogans The research is theoretically based on conceptual metaphors of Lakoff and Johnson (1980) The methods were combined in this thesis including qualitative, quantitative, comparative and inductive method in order to make the research achieve its purpose Furthermore, this study also suggested implications that need to be studied in teaching and learning conceptual metaphors download by : skknchat@gmail.com IV TABLE OF CONTENTS STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP I ABSTRACT III TABLE OF CONTENTS IV LIST OF TABLES VI CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 1.1 RATIONALE 1.2 AIM & OBJECTIVES 1.2.1 Aim 1.2.2 Objectives 1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 1.6 ORGANIZATION OF THE THESIS CHAPTER LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 REVIEW OF PREVIOUS STUDIES 2.2 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 11 2.2.1 Cognitive linguistics 12 2.2.2 Metaphors 13 2.2.3 Conceptual metaphors 15 2.2.3.1 Definition 15 2.2.3.2 Classification of Conceptual metaphors 18 2.3 SUMMARY 25 CHAPTER RESEARCH METHOD 26 3.1 RESEARCH METHODS 26 3.2 DATA COLLECTION 26 3.3 DATA ANALYSIS 27 3.4 RESEARCH PROCEDURES 27 CHAPTER FINDING AND DISCUSSIONS 28 4.1 QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF METAPHOR IN THE SLOGANS ON SAVING ENVIRONMENT IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE 28 download by : skknchat@gmail.com V 4.2 QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF METAPHORS IN SLOGANS ON SAVING ENVIRONMENT IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE 32 4.2.1 Conceptual metaphors in slogans on saving environment in English 32 4.2.1.1 Ontological metaphors 32 4.2.1.2 Structural metaphors 41 4.2.1.3 Orientational metaphors 49 4.2.2 Conceptual metaphors in slogans on saving environment in Vietnamese 52 4.2.2.1 Ontological metaphors 52 4.2.2.2 Structural metaphors 60 4.2.2.3 Orientational metaphors 67 4.3 THE SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES OF CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS IN SLOGANS ON SAVING ENVIRONMENT BETWEEN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE IN TERMS OF COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS 72 4.3.1 The similarities 72 4.3.2 The differences 79 4.3.2.1 Structural metaphors 80 4.3.2.2 Ontological metaphors 81 4.3.2.3 Orientational metaphors 82 CHAPTER CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS 84 5.1 RECAPITULATION 84 5.2 IMPLICATIONS FOR LANGUAGE TEACHING AND LEARNING 85 5.3 LIMITATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER STUDY 86 REFERENCES 87 APPENDIX 90 ENGLISH SLOGANS 90 VIETNAMESE SLOGANS 94 download by : skknchat@gmail.com VI LIST OF TABLES Table Types of conceptual metaphors and their occurrence frequency used in slogans on saving environment in English ……………………………….28 Table Types of conceptual metaphors and their occurrence frequency used in slogans on saving environment in Vietnamese………………………… 29 Table Subtypes of ontological metaphor and their occurrence frequency in slogans on saving environment in English………………………………… 30 Table Subtypes of ontological metaphor and their occurrence frequency in slogans on saving environment in Vietnamese…………………………… 31 Table Subtypes of ontological metaphor and their occurrence frequency in slogans on saving environment in English………………………………… 33 Table The use of personification metaphor in slogans on saving environment in English…………………………………………………… 34 Table The use of entity metaphor in slogans on saving environment in English……………………………………………………………………….37 Table The use of the substance metaphor in slogans on saving environment in English…………………………………………………………………….38 Table The use of container metaphor in slogans on saving environment in English……………………………………………………………………….40 Table 10 The frequency of structural metaphors in slogans on saving environment in English…………………………………………………… 41 Table 11 The frequency of orientational metaphors in slogans on saving environment in English…………………………………………………… 50 Table 12 Subtypes of ontological metaphor and their occurrence frequency in slogans on saving environment in Vietnamese…………………………… 53 Table 13 The use of personification metaphor in slogans on saving environment in English…………………………………………………… 54 download by : skknchat@gmail.com VII Table 14 The use of container metaphor in slogans on saving environment in Vietnamese……………………………………………………………… …58 Table 15 The use of entity metaphor in slogans on saving environment in Vietnamese………………………………………………………………… 59 Table 16 The frequency of structural metaphors in slogans on saving environment in Vietnamese………………………………………………….61 Table 17 The frequency of orientational metaphors in slogans on saving environment in Vietnamese………………………………………………….68 Table 18 The frequency of structural metaphors, ontological metaphors and orientation metaphors in slogans on saving environment in English and Vietnamese…………………………………………………………………72 Table 19 The similar conceptual metaphors in English slogans and Vietnamese slogans on saving environment………………………………74 Table 20 The different conceptual metaphors in English slogans and Vietnamese slogans on saving environment……………………………….79 download by : skknchat@gmail.com 86 comparison in the English metaphorical expressions and Vietnamese equivalents by giving different task such as translation and reading Teachers should highlight metaphor expressions in texts of translating or reading when teaching, and then contrast and compare them into Vietnamese That way helps students aware of the metaphorical concepts used in both language and uses it effectively - The last but not least is that teachers should equip and enhance students’ knowledge of conceptual metaphor and procedures applied to translating metaphors from English into Vietnamese as well as realize factors affecting during translation process such as culture, custom and so on 5.3 Limitations and suggestions for further study It cannot be denied that this study is limited in some ways The data of analysis is limited, only contains 113 metaphors expressions, thus the results of the study cannot reach the high reliability Moreover, with the limitations of personal ability as well as outside factors, some weaknesses are inevitable Therefore, I would like to suggest some further researches on conceptual metaphors in larger source of data download by : skknchat@gmail.com 87 REFERENCES Anderson, E M (1998) The use of metaphor in on-line advertising University of Florida Bùi Khánh Ly (2012) A study on Cognitive Metaphors of negative emotions in Engkish and Vietnamese., University of Da Nang Croft, W., & Cruse, D., Alan (2004) Cognitive Linguistics Cambrige University Press Evans, V & Green, M (2006) Cognitive Linguistics: An Introduction Edinburgh University Press Geeraerts, D., Dirven, R & Taylor, J R (2006) Congnitive Linguistics: Basic Reading Germany: The Deutsche Nationalbiliothek Gorald, S & Taylor, C (1997) Combining Methods in Educationaland Social Research Hồ Vi Nữ Mỹ Linh (2011) A study of Metaphors in Nwespapers (English versus Vietnamese) (M A.), The University of Da Nang., Da Nang Johansson, A (2001) Conceptual Metaphors in Lyrics by Leonard Cohen Kathleen, A (2009) Politics, Gender and Conceptual Metaphors., Hong Kong National Taiwan University., Tapei, Hong Kong Baptist University Kovecses, Z (2002) Metaphor: A Practical Introduction., Oxford University Press., Oxford Lakoff, G (1987) Woman, Fire and Dangerous Things: What our Categories Reveal About the Mind The University of Chicago Press Lakoff, G & Johnson, M (1980a) Conceptual Metaphor in Everyday Language The Journal of Philosophy., 77 Lakoff, G & Johnson, M (1980b) Metaphors We By Live Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press download by : skknchat@gmail.com 88 Lakoff, G & Johnson, M (2003) Metaphors We By Live London: The University of Chicago Press Langacker, R W (2008) Cognitive Grammar: A Basic Introduction United States of America: Oxford University Press Lý Toàn Thắng (2008) Thử nhìn lại số vấn đề cốt yếu Ngơn ngữ học tri nhận Khoa học ĐHQGHN, Khoa học Xã hội Nhân văn, 24, 178185 Nguyễn Thị Kim Ánh (2018) A study of conceptual metaphors used in Michelle Obama's speeches., Quy Nhon University Nguyễn Thị Kim Thoa (2016) An investigation into conceptual metaphors in Fifty Shades darker by Erika Leonard and Vietnamese equivalents., Quy Nhon University Nguyễn Thị Quyết (2012) Ẩn dụ ý niệm đời thơ tiếng Anh tiếng Việt Ngôn Ngữ Nguyễn Thị Thanh Huyền (2009) Ẩn dụ tri nhận mơ hình ẩn dụ cấu trúc liệu ca từ Trịnh Công Sơn Đại học Quốc gia thành phố Hồ Chí Minh Nguyễn Thị Tú Trinh (2010) An investigation into conceptual metaphors for life, death and time in English and Vietnamese Khoa học Cơng nghệ, Phan Văn Hịa (2008) Ẩn dụ, Ẩn dụ dụng học ẩn dụ ngữ pháp Tạp chí Ngôn ngữ & đời sống, Trần Ngọc Hải (2011) The use of conceptual Meatphor in English and Vietnamese idioms With Human Organs (M A Thesis), The University of Da Nang, Da Nang Trần Thị Cải (2014) Cognitive metaphors in English and Vietnamese idioms., Quy Nhon University download by : skknchat@gmail.com 89 Trịnh Thị Hải Yến (2011) Ẩn dụ tri nhận thơ Nguyễn Duy Đại học Thái Nguyên, Thái Nguyên Yu, C (2009) Metaphors in Food Advertising Slogans., Kristianstad University College Zhang, X (2009) An analysis of Conceptual Metaphor in Western Comercial Advertisements Asian Social Science, 5(12) download by : skknchat@gmail.com 90 APPENDIX The data were taken from the following websites: https://viralknot.com/slogans-on-save-environment/ http://thequotesmaster.com/2018/08/150-save-environment-slogans/ https://greenliving.lovetoknow.com/Environmental_Slogans https://www.indiacelebrating.com/slogans/slogans-on-environment/ http://www.vea.gov.vn/VN/truyenthong/sukienhttp://vforum.vn/diendan/showthread.php?123468-Khau-hieu-ve-bao-ve-moitruong-bao-ve-rung-nguon-nuoc-tre-em https://tuoitre.vn/nhung-slogan-thu-vi-dong-hanh-cung-gio-trai-dat539026.htm http://tinbaihay.net/bao-ve-moi-truong-bang-khau-hieu-kute/post12468338249022210821.htm ENGLISH SLOGANS [S.E.1] Nature holds the key to our aesthetic, intellectual, cognitive and even spiritual satisfaction [S.E.2] Stop the pollution quick, don’t make the water sick [S.E.3] The next 10 years may be more important than the last 10,000 in determining the fate of our oceans [S.E.4] Nature has served us for two million years now… It’s time we pay back If we don’t green from extinction now, it will be hard to prevent ourselves from extinction later [S.E.5] The finest workers in stone are not copper or steel tools, but the download by : skknchat@gmail.com 91 gentle touches of air and water working at their leisure with a liberal allowance of time [S.E.6] When a tiger walks free in its natural habitat, nature feels proud Save the tiger Save the environment [S.E.7] Oil is like time… once gone will never come back… and its going at fast rate [S.E.8] Water is the substance of life Treasure it! [S.E.9] Plant a tree and add a new friend in your life [S.E.10] Snow is melting, the earth is crying [S.E.11] Nature is pleased with simplicity and nature is no dummy [S.E.12] We will take care of the planet as if it were our home and throw trash in the bins, if no trash can save it to your pocket [S.E.13] Trees are the earth’s endless effort to speak to the listening heaven [S.E.14] Trees are poems that earth writes upon the sky, we fell them down and turn them into paper, that we may record our emptiness [S.E.15] The earth laughs in flowers [S.E.16] And forget not that the earth delights to feel your bare feet and the winds long to play with your hair [S.E.17] Abusing the earth is the same as abusing our families How can we still be so unaware of it? [S.E.18] Earth provides enough to satisfy every man’s need, but not every man’s greed [S.E.19] We abuse land because we regard it as a commodity belonging to us When we see land as a community to which we belong, we may begin to use it with love and respect [S.E.20] Good planets are hard to find download by : skknchat@gmail.com 92 [S.E.21] Thousands have lived without love, not one without water [S.E.22] Water is life so don’t hit your life [S.E.23] Save forests, a key to clean & green environment [S.E.24] Nature’s peace will flow into you as sunshine flows into trees [S.E.25] Our environment, the world in which we live and work, is a mirror of our attitudes and expectations [S.E.26] Make you the world a bit better or more beautiful because you have lived in it [S.E.27] We were born to help the world, not to destroy it, then why we are destroying the environment? [S.E.28] Polluting the environment is a punishable crime [S.E.29] It is horrifying that we have to fight our own government to save the environment [S.E.30] Don’t destroy the greenery and don’t spoil the scenery [S.E.31] The earth isn’t dying It’s being killed and those who are killing it have names and addresses [S.E.32] One tree can make a million matches One match can destroy a million trees [S.E.33] Pollution is also a weapon of mass destruction [S.E.34] Pollution- if you don’t kill it, it will kill you [S.E.35] To sit in the shade you have to save paper first [S.E.36] We never know the worth of water till the well is dry [S.E.37] We not inherit the earth from our ancestors, we borrow it from our children [S.E.38] A drop of water is worth more than a sack of gold to a thirsty man [S.E.39] Only when the last river has been polluted, and the last tree been download by : skknchat@gmail.com 93 cut down, and the last fish been caught, will we realize we cannot eat money [S.E.40] Nature is our treasure, help save it [S.E.41] Environmental pollution is an incurable disease It can only be prevented [S.E.42] Heal the Earth, Heal our Future [S.E.43] Healthy Ocean Healthy life [S.E.44] The most important pathological effects of pollution are extremely delayed and indirect [S.E.45] I would feel more optimistic about a bright future for man if he spent less time proving that he can outwit nature and more time tasting her sweetness and respecting her seniority [S.E.46] They are much to be pitied who have not been given a taste for nature early in life [S.E.47] Nature is painting for us, day after day, pictures of infinite beauty [S.E.48] The child should live in an environment of beauty [S.E.49] I always get involved with the environment because once you go past the tipping point with the environment, you don’t get it back [S.E.50] Forest, a road to healthy environment [S.E.51] We only have one home [S.E.52] When it is bright, switch off the light [S.E.53] The electric bill won’t give you a fright if you remember to turn off the light [S.E.54] The earth is heating up [S.E.55] If the Earth is polluted, rainforests cut down and biodiversity lost Our future will sting! We must bee smart and cause a buzz to go download by : skknchat@gmail.com 94 green VIETNAMESE SLOGANS [S.V.1] Bạn có thấy thiên nhiên gào khóc? [S.V.1] Do you see nature screaming? [S.V.2] Hãy nhớ Trái Đất thích cảm nhận đơi chân trần gió ln thích chơi đùa với mái tóc bạn [S.V.2] Remember that the Earth likes to feel barefoot and the wind always likes to play with your hair [S.V.3] Hãy yêu thương Rừng tha thiết [S.V.3] Let’s love the forest earnestly [S.V.4] Khơng khí vơ tận, ta phải u q giữ gìn bầu khí cho cháu ta cịn hít thở lành [S.V.4] The atmosphere is not endless, so we must love and keep the clean atmosphere so that children can breathe fresh [S.V.5] Từng cọng cỏ có cơng tạo nên sống cho hành tinh, yêu quý cỏ [S.V.5] Every grass has a merit to create life for the planet, so we love the grass [S.V.6] Đừng cắt mạch sống đâm chồi [S.V.6] Don't cut the sprouting vein [S.V.7] Chặt phá rừng chặt [S.V.7] Cutting down trees and deforesting is cutting yourself [S.V.8] Yêu rừng, rừng [S.V.8] Love forests and forests for wealth [S.V.9] Rừng sống-Bạn sống [S.V.9] Forest lives - You live download by : skknchat@gmail.com 95 [S.V.10] Hãy chung tay bảo tồn sống đại dương [S.V.10] Let's join hands to preserve the life of the ocean [S.V.11] Đại dương xanh – Tương lai xanh [S.V.11] Blue ocean - Green future [S.V.12] Bảo vệ môi trường, bảo vệ sống [S.V.12] Saving environment is saving life [S.V.13] Bảo vệ môi trường bảo vệ [S.V.13] Environmental protection is to protect ourselves [S.V.14] Sống tốt cho môi trường sống tốt cho [S.V.14] Living well for the environment is good for yourself [S.V.15] Hôm sống xanh [S.V.15] Today, I live greener [S.V.16] Khát vọng sinh tồn [S.V.16] Aspiration to survive [S.V.17] Hãy yêu trái đất trái đất yêu ta [S.V.17] Love the earth as the earth loved me [S.V.18] Chúng ta nên biết tôn trọng sinh vật sống thay bạo lực bao dung, thấu hiểu tình yêu to lớn [S.V.18] We should respect all living creatures and replace violence with tolerance, understanding and a great love [S.V.19] Phần cịn lại giới tiếp tục sống mà khơng có chúng ta, tồn thiếu chúng [S.V.19] The rest of the world can continue to live without us, but we cannot survive without them [S.V.20] Đừng phá giấc ngủ tớ [S.V.20] Don't break my sleep [S.V.21] Xin đừng đối xử tàn nhẫn coi đồ ăn download by : skknchat@gmail.com 96 [S.V.21] Please don't treat us cruelly and consider us as food [S.V.22] Mua vui cho bạn ác mộng [S.V.22] Amuse oneself is my nightmare [S.V.23] Tớ vật trang trí [S.V.23] I'm not a decoration [S.V.24] Cá cần nước sạch, dân cần minh bạch [S.V.24] Fish need clean water, people need transparency [S.V.25] Hồn Tổ quốc ngự rừng sâu thăm Rừng suy tàn Tổ quốc suy vong [S.V.25] The Soul of the Country dwells in the deep forest Decaying forest is a decadent country [S.V.26] Hãy phân loại rác thải cho giới [S.V.26] Please classify rubbish for a cleaner world [S.V.27] Hãy phân loại rác: hành động nhỏ - ý nghĩa lớn [S.V.27] Let's classify rubbish: small action - great meaning [S.V.28] Hãy chặn đứng biến đổi khí hậu trước thay đổi bạn [S.V.28] Stop climate change before it changes you [S.V.29] Mỗi ngày trôi qua, giới lại thêm 20.000 rừng Vì thế, cứu lấy phổi xanh trước muộn! [S.V.29] Each day passed, the world lost 20,000 hectares of forest Let’s save our green lungs before it's too late! [S.V.30] Bảo vệ rừng bảo vệ phổi [S.V.30] Protecting the forest is protecting our lungs [S.V.31] Rừng xanh_hơi thở sống Tương lai_trong tay [S.V.31] Green forest is the breath of life The future is in our hands download by : skknchat@gmail.com 97 [S.V.32] Mất rừng ngừng thở [S.V.32] Loss of forest is stop breathing [S.V.33] Đốt rừng thể đốt nhà Cháy rừng cháy da thịt [S.V.33] Burning a forest is like burning a house Forest fire as if burning my flesh [S.V.34] Đừng bọc kính phổi hành tinh [S.V.34] Don't cover the planet lungs [S.V.36] Trái đất cần chúng ta! Hãy liên kết chống lại biến đổi khí hậu [S.V.36] The Earth needs us! Let’s link to against climate change [S.V.37] Trồng để chống lại biến đổi khí hậu [S.V.37] Planting trees to combat climate change [S.V.38] Chặt hạ xanh hủy hoại môi trường sống [S.V.38] Cutting down trees is destroying the environment [S.V.39] Ô nhiễm nguồn nước tự sát [S.V.39] Water pollution is suicide [S.V.40] Môi trường ô nhiễm phá tan sống yên bình bạn [S.V.40] The polluted environment destroys your peaceful life [S.V.41] Rừng vàng [S.V.41] Forest is gold [S.V.42] Nước tài nguyên quý giá! Cộng đồng chung tay bảo vệ tài nguyên nước! [S.V.42] Water is a precious resource! Community joins to protect water resources! [S.V.43] Hãy tiết kiệm lượng để bảo vệ nguồn tài nguyên thiên nhiên bảo vệ môi trường [S.V.43] Let’s save energy to protect natural resources and the download by : skknchat@gmail.com 98 environment [S.V.44] Ngày qua ngày, thiên nhiên vẽ cho tranh vẻ đẹp vĩnh cửu [S.V.44] Day by day, nature is drawing for us a picture of eternal beauty [S.V.45] Trong bước với thiên nhiên, nhận nhiều ta tìm kiếm [S.V.45] In every step with nature, we get more than what we look for [S.V.46] Nước máu sống [S.V.46] Water is blood of life [S.V.47] Thả cá đừng thả túi ni lông [S.V.47] Release fish not to release plastic bags [S.V.48] Bảo vệ môi trường bảo vệ sức khỏe người [S.V.48] Saving environment is saving human health [S.V.49] Tắt đèn - bật sáng tương lai [S.V.49] Turn off lights - turn on the future [S.V.50] Tắt đèn hôm nay, bền vững ngày mai [S.V.50] Turn off the lights today, sustainment tomorrow [S.V.51] Tránh thức khuya bật đèn tốn điện, lại ngủ vùi ban ngày ánh sáng đầy đủ [S.V.51] Avoid staying up late for turning on the lights, and then sleeping again during the day when the light is full [S.V.52] Rừng hết cây, sông [S.V.52] Forests run out of trees and rivers run out of water [S.V.53] Đừng xin thêm túi nilon không cần thiết [S.V.53] Don't ask for more plastic bags when not needed [S.V.54] Ở ngã tư, đừng nhận tờ rơi bạn vứt xuống đường download by : skknchat@gmail.com 99 [S.V.54] At the crossroads, don't accept leaflets if you throw them right down the road [S.V.55] Trước chặt cây, trồng rừng cây: [S.V.55] Before cutting a tree, planting a forest [S.V.56] Đổi giấy lấy cây: giấy trắng- rộng rừng xanh [S.V.56] Change paper for trees: little white paper - wide green forest [S.V.57] Trồng thêm xanh thêm hành động mơi trường [S.V.57] Planting one tree is an additional action for the environment [V.58] Trên đỉnh núi băng tan, dịng sơng nước cạn [V.58] Above the top of the mountain, ice is melting Under the river, the water is running out download by : skknchat@gmail.com 100 download by : skknchat@gmail.com ... CHAPTER FINDING AND DISCUSSIONS 4.1 Quantitative Analysis of Metaphor in the slogans on saving environment in English and Vietnamese Of 190 slogans in English and Vietnamese (110 slogans in English; ... comparing the similarities and differences of conceptual metaphor in English and Vietnamese This is the reason the thesis ? ?An investigation into metaphors in slogans on saving environment in English. ..MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING QUY NHON UNIVERSITY VÕ THỊ THU HẰNG AN INVESTIGATION INTO METAPHORS IN SLOGANS ON SAVING THE ENVIRONMENT IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE FIELD : English Linguistics