... Nostrand Company, New York, 1963.[2] Papoulis, A.,Probability, Random Variables, and Stochastic Processes, 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill,New York, 1991.[3] Leon-Garcia, A.,Probability and Random Processes ... topic of random variables and stochastic processes is fundamental to modern signalprocessing, and many good textbooks are available. Those by Papoulis [2], Leon-Garcia [3], and Melsa and Sage ... ofrandom variables,called circular complex random variables. Circularity is a type of symmetry in the distributions ofthe real and imaginary parts of complex random variables and stochastic processes, ...