The principles of toxicology environmental and industrial applications 2nd edition phần 7 pptx
The principles of toxicology environmental and industrial applications 2nd edition phần 7 pptx
... 64- 17- 5 C2H5OH 46.1 – 173 173 44 Miscible 1.59 0 .79 Ethyl acetate 141 -78 -6 C4H8O288.1 –118 171 100 64,000 3 0.89 Ethyl ether 60-29 -7 (C2H5)2O 74 .1 – 177 94 440 69,000 2.55 0 .71 ... medicine. Ethers as a class are effective anesthetics, and thisproperty increases with the molecular size. The utility of this property is, however, limited by the irritanteffects of ethers, and the ... Benzene 71 -43-2 C6H6 78 .1 42 176 75 1 ,75 0 2 .7 0.88 Benzidine 92- 87- 5 NH2(C6H4)2NH2184.3 239 75 2 low 400 6.36 1.25 Benzo(a)pyrene 50-32-8 C20H12252 179 >360 >1 0.00162 8 .7 1.35...
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The principles of toxicology environmental and industrial applications 2nd edition phần 10 pptx
... involving the interaction between the nervous system and the hormones of the endocrine glands.neurofibril One of the delicate threads running in every direction through the cytoplasm of the body of ... development, and sexual maturation; and effects on the motherconcern lactation and acceptance of the offspring.resorption The loss of substance in the mucous lining of the uterus.reticuloendothelial ... chronic hardening and shrinking of the connective tissues of anypart of the body, including the skin, heart, esophagus, kidney, and lung. The skin may becomethickened and hard, and the condition...
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The principles of toxicology environmental and industrial applications 2nd edition phần 1 ppt
... 1General Principles of Toxicology GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF TOXICOLOGY ROBERT C. JAMES, STEPHEN M. ROBERTS, and PHILLIP L. WILLIAMS The intent of this chapter is to provide a concise description of the ... 151 7. 4 Interactions of Industrial Chemical with Other Substances 151 7. 5 General Population Exposure to Environmental Neurotoxicants 152 7. 6 Evaluation of Injury to the Nervous System 152 7. 7 ... each organ. The rate and site of absorption (organ) also may in turn determine the rate of metabolism and excretion of the chemical. So, changing the route of exposure may alter the dose required...
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The principles of toxicology environmental and industrial applications 2nd edition phần 2 ppt
... location of esterases is in the blood (plasma and erythrocytes), and of great concern is the enzyme normallyresponsible for the hydrolysis of acetylcholine. Blockade of this enzyme is the mode of ... TOXICITY OF THE BLOODbetween liver and intestine is also included in the model. These features of the model are choices madeby the model developer, and reflect the known physicochemical behavior of ... Whether the increased rate of bile flow will increase the rate of elimination of a compound that is both metabolized and excretedby the liver depends on whether the rate-limiting step is the...
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The principles of toxicology environmental and industrial applications 2nd edition phần 3 pps
... hydrophilicsubstances is reduced. Often the skin of lab animals is covered with plastic wrap to enhance the hydration of the skin and increase the rate of uptake of agents applied to the surface of the skin. Forcompounds ... RESPONSES OF THE KIDNEY8Dermal and Ocular Toxicology: ToxicEffects of the Skin and EyesDERMAL AND OCULAR TOXICOLOGY WILLIAM F. SALMINEN and STEPHEN M. ROBERTS The skin is the body’s first line of ... for the continual supply of new keratinocytes and initiation of the keratinization process. The migration and differentiation of keratinocytes from the lower viable layers1 57 Principles of Toxicology: ...
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The principles of toxicology environmental and industrial applications 2nd edition phần 4 ppsx
... oviductal and uterine motility and immobilization of the cilia lining the oviduct. The pertinence of these observations to human exposures and the observed effects of smoking are not clear.However, the ... mucosal barriers, and the unique activity of 189 Principles of Toxicology: Environmental and Industrial Applications, Second Edition , Edited by Phillip L. Williams, Robert C. James, and Stephen M. ... the lung, and these factors alert the phagocytic cells to the location of the agents. The macrophages then engulf them and attempt to ingest them withproteolytic enzymes. An example of a macrophage...
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The principles of toxicology environmental and industrial applications 2nd edition phần 5 ppsx
... attached microtubules to the very center of the cell, lining up in the equatorial plane of the mitotic spindle. With still further growth of the spindle, the chromatids in each pair of chromosomes are ... the cell and are deleted by various repair mechanisms. Some,however, remain undetected and are passed to daughter cells. The significance of the mutations varieswith the type of cell, and the ... mass of tissue, the growth of which exceeds and is uncoordinated with that of normal tissues and whichpersists in the same excessive manner after cessation of the stimuli which evoked the change.”Tumor....
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The principles of toxicology environmental and industrial applications 2nd edition phần 6 pps
... female mice 57 23 39 156 275 77 .5Male mice vs. female mice 78 10 23 177 288 88.5Rats vs. mice 67 32 36 131 266 74 .4Source: Adapted from Haseman and Huff (19 87) . 13 .7 EMPIRICAL MEASURES OF RELIABILITY ... vs. female rats 74 25 12 181 292 87. 3Male rats vs. male mice 46 43 36 145 270 70 .7 Male rats vs. female mice 29 33 36 145 273 74 .7 Female rats vs. male mice 46 32 37 156 271 74 .5Female rats ... shortening of the latency (time to tumor) or the number of tumorsat an early age are used, rather than the final tumor incidence measured at the end of the animals’ lives. The use of positive...
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The principles of toxicology environmental and industrial applications 2nd edition phần 8 pot
... justified by the data, and are they consistentwith the current scientific understanding of the test or area of toxicology? •Is the outcome of the reported experiment dependent on the test conditions, ... addition, that is, if they lie above and to the right of the dose-addition line, a synergistic effect can be inferred. On the other hand, responses below the line and to the left indicate antagonism.From ... Section 18 .7. Another means to convey the relationship between estimated and safe levels of exposure is throughcalculation of a margin of exposure. This is most often used in the context of the BMD...
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The principles of toxicology environmental and industrial applications 2nd edition phần 9 pdf
... concerned. The determination of fitness for a given job should be based on the assessment of the health of the worker and on a good knowledge of the job demands and the worksite. The workers ... implement the full measures and intent of the program, it will not work. The worker is the focus of the entire program and is also involved in the process. Employees areobligated to themselves and their ... depend on the “ weight of evidence.” In other words, issues such as the validity of the individual studies, the biological plausibility of the association, and the existence orabsence of supporting...
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