... Wu, K.B. Jones, H. Li, and O.L. Loucks (eds.), Scaling and Uncertainty Analysis in Ecology: Methods and Applications, 8 9–1 08. © 2006 Springer. Printed in the Netherlands. CHAPTER 5 DOWNSCALING ... Occupancy Theory and Applications FANGLIANG HE AND WILLIAM REED 5.1 INTRODUCTION One of the most important contributions to our understanding of how and why species distribute in landscapes is ... and M. M. Richter, editors. Information Systems and Data Analysis. Springer, New York. de Leeuw, J., and I. G. G. Kreft. 2001. Software for multilevel analysis. Pages 187-204 in A. H. Leyland...