Sau thi dung de dien ta thdi gian trong ba pham tru chinh hi qud ktj hien tai va tffdng lai. Ban muon dung thi cho dung ngff phap de dien ta kien nay co lien quan den sff kien khdc nhff the nao. Bang sau day se dl thay cac thi co moi lien he nhff the" nao.
T h i c u a d o n g tiif va tholi g ia n
Q ua khff Qud khff ddn
Hien tai hoan thanh Qua khff hoan thanh Qua khff tiep dien
Hi«?n ta i Hien tai ddn
Hien tai
Tffdng lai Tffdng lai ddn Tffdng lai hoan thanh Tffdng lai tiep dien
Hi?n tai h o in th in h tiep dien Ttfdng lai hoan thanh tiep dien
Q ui khtf h o in th in h tiep dien
• Dilng hai dang hipn tai (hien tai dOn, hien tai tiep dien) de dien ta stf ki6n dang dien ra ngay luc nay.
• Dilng sdu dang q u i khtf (qua khtf dOn, hien tai hoan thanh, qua khuf hoan thanh, q u i khtf tiep dien, hien tai hoan thanh tiep dien, qua khtf h o in thanh tiep dien) de chi nhtfng stf kien da xay ra trtfdc hien tai.
• Dilng bon dang ttfdng lai (ttfdng lai dOn, ttfdng lai hoan thanh, ttfdng lai tiep dien, ttfdng lai hoan thanh tiep dien) de mieu ta stf kien xay ra trong ttfdng lai.
1. Dilng thi qua khtf cho chinh xac.
S iu thi q u i khtf bieu thi qua khtf theo cach khac nhau. Bang sau day cho ta vi du ve cich stf dung cac thi nay.
Thi Cach dung Vi du
Q u i khtf ddn Hanh dong hoan tat We washed the car. (thdi gian khong xac dinh)
Tinh trang hoan tat (thdi We were happy the party gian khong xac dinh) was over.
Hanh dong hoan tat We washed the car (thdi gian xac dinh) yesterday.
Tinh trang hoan tat (thdi I was delighted yesterday gian xac dinh) to receive the news. H ipntai Hanh dong hoan tat (thdi We have bought the gifts. hoan thanh gian khong xac dinh)
Tinh trang hoan tat (thdi I have been very relieved, gian khong xac dinh)
Hanh dong con tiep Sarah has called for two tuc tdi hien tai hours.
Tinh trang c6n tiep tuc She has been in New tdi hien tai York for a week.
Qua khtf hoan thanh
Hanh dong hoan tat trtfdc mot hanh dong khac
Tinh trang hoan tat Hanh dong da dang dien ra
Hanh dong cdn tiep dien tdi hien tai Hanh dong dang dien ra trong qud khtf thi bi gian doan bdi mot hanh dong khdc
2. Dung thi ttfdng lai cho dung ngtf phap.
Bang sau day se giai thich cdch dilng thi ttfdng lai. Qua khtf
tiep dien Hien tai hoan thanh tiep dien Qud khtf hoan thanh tiep dien
Greg had called all his friends before the part) started.
Greg had been a bulche before he became a gun I was attending a spa that month.
Ralph has been exercisin all week.
Katie had been repairir the fence that was damaged in the storm.
Thi Ttfdng lai ddn Ttfdng lai hoan thanh Ttfdng lai tiep dien Ttfdng lai hoan thanh tiep dien
C ach dung
Hanh dong trong ttfdng lai
Tinh trang trong ttfdng lai
Hanh dong trong ttfdng lai hoan tat trtfdc mot hanh dong khac
Tinh trang trong ttfdng lai hoan tat trtfdc mot hanh dong khac
Hanh dong tiep dien xay ra trong ttfdng lai Hanh dong tiep dien trong ttfdng lai dtfdc hoan tat trtfdc mot hanh dong khac
Vi du
The bus will arrive. I will be shocked when it does.
By the time you read this, the bus will have arrived.
The storm will have been raging for an horn before the phone goes out.
Janice will be exercisii all summer.
When we go on vacatii next week, I will have been exercising for a month.
3. Dtfng doi thi giffa chffng.
Khong bao gid doi thi giffa mot cau hay mot doan vi no khien ngtfdi doc nham lan. Nguyen tic sau day d£c biet quan trong neu cau cua ban cd nhieu hdn mpt dong ttf.
Sai: I thought I had broken the CD player when I dropped it on the floor, but it suddenly begins to play!
(thought): Qud khtf
(had broken): Qu£ khtf hoan thanh
(dropped): Qua khtf
(begins): Hien tai
D ung: I thought I had broken the CD player when I dropped it on the floor, but it suddenly began to play!
Tdi tudng minh da lam vd cai may hat CD khi toi danh rcfi no xuong san, nhung bong nhien no lai bat dau chcfi nhac!
(thought): Qud khtf
(had broken): Qua khtf hoan thanh
(dropped): Qud khtf
(began): Qua khtf