Day la ba nguyen tSc khac ap dung cho dai tff va cach.
1. Dai tff co chffc nang dong vi (apposition) vdi danh tff thi cung cach vdi danh tff do.
Cum tff dong vi (appositive phrase) la mot danh tff hoSc mot dai tff co chffc nang bo sung thong tin va chi tiet. Trong cau co the bo di cum tff dong vi nen chung dffdc ngan cach vdi phan con lai cua cau bang dau phay. Cum tff dong vi dffdc gach dffdi trong cau sau.
Two police officers, Alice and (she, h er), w ere com m ended fa bravery.
Tra Idi: Dai tir dong vi vdi danh ti* police officers, polic officers lai d chu ngff cach nen dai tff phai d chu ngff cdch (she
Vi vay, cau tren phai viet hi Two police officers, Alice and sk
w ere commended for bravery.
Hai vien canh sat, Alice va co ay, duac tuyen duong ve ldn\ dung cam.
N goai le: Dai tff dffdc dilng lam chu the hanh dpng cua dong tff nguyen mau (infinitive) phai d tan ngff cdch. Vi du: “Juan expects Luz and (I, me) to host the reception.” Dai tff dung (
day phai la me, vi no la chu the h&nh dpng cua dong tff nguyS^ mau to host.
y y \ & o
Dai tff bi£u thi quan h6 scl thufic khong bao gift co dSu ltftfc. H ay d£ y cac d a i tff quan h£ sau: yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs.
2. Dung dang - s e lf cho dung vdi nhffng trffdng hdp phan than (re flexive) va nhan manh (intensive).
Nhff da noi d Chffdng 1, dai tff phan than phan anh lai chu ngfl ho^c tan ngff.
The child em barrassed himself DiCa be tu gay lung tung cho minh.
Dffng dung dai tff phan than de thay the cho chu ngff xh tan ngil The boss and (myself, I) had a meeting.
Trd Idi: Dung dai tff / chff khong phai dang phan than. Vi vay cau tren phai viet la: “The boss and I had a m eetin g .”
Ong chu va toi co myt cuoc hop.
3. Who d chu ngff cach; con whom d tan ngff cach.
Khong ai phan doi viec who va whom la nhffng dai tff r^c roi nhat trong tieng Anh. Mac dii chung ta da ban ve who va whom trone
chffdng trtfdc, nhffng nhffng tff nay gay khd nhieu phien toai nen can phai danh rieng mot phan de n6i ve who v& whom. Ta hay b£t dau b&ng cich nhin lai bang mieu ta c£ch dilng dai tff sau.
Chu ngff TSn ngff Tff sd hffu
(Chu ngff c£ch) (Tan ngff cdch) (Sd hffu c£ch)
So it who whom w hose
W hoever w hom ever w hosoever
So nhieu who whom w hose
W hoever w hom ever w hosoever
Bay gid la mpt so nguyen tic:
• Dilng who h o ic whoever khi dai tff la chu ngff cua dong tff.
Who won the Nobel Prize this year?
Ai da doqt gidi Nobel ndm nay?
• Dilng who hoSc whoever khi dai tff la vi chu ngff. The winner was who?
NgUdi chien thang Id ai?
• Dilng whom hoSc whomever khi dai tff la tan ngff trffc tiep cua dong tff ho&c lam tan ngff cho gidi tff.
Whom did he fire this week?
Tuan nay ong ta sa thdi ai?
