VI. TAC DONG CUA DI DAN T6\ VAN DE THAT NGHIEP VA GIAI QUYET
VIL NHU CAU PHAT TRIEN NHA
Sd dan do thi tang nhanh, tat yeu gay ap lire ve nhu cau nha d, viec lam, hgc tap, chira benh... Nhu cau nha d cua dan cu do thi, tmdc bet do dan sd do thi tang nhanh trong do co sd lugng dang ke dan sd den tir cac viing ngoai vi thanh
phd, mat khac do nhu cau cai thien noi a cua dan cu, khi ddi sdng dugc nang
cao. De dap ling nhu cau nha d cho dan cU do thi phai co cac chfnh sach buy
dgng vdn tir trong dan cu, tir cac thanh phan kinh te, tir ngudn dau tu nudc
ngoai... Song mgi boat dgng xay dung, cai tao nha d phai tuan theo quy hoach va dugc quan ly chat che.
BANG 18: NHU CAU VE NHA 0 TAI HA NOI TlTlQQ.S DEN 2010
Dan vi: nghin ngudi vd nghin m~
Nam
1995 2010
Dan sd ndi thanh
1.070 1.700
Dien tich nha d
8.000 17.000
Dien tich nha a c^n xay
them hang nam
600
(Nguon: Dd thi hod vd chinh sach phat trien dd thi trong cong nghiep hod, hien dgi hoa a Viet Nam, NXB Chinh tri Qudc gia, Hd Ngi - 1998)
VIIL NHU CAU C H I T A BENH
Dan sd Ha Ngi co ti le tang tu nhien khoang 1,4 - 1,5% va tang co hgc khoang 1,7%/nam. Va duong nhien nhu cau ve kham, chiia benh ciing tang len tuong ling. Song trong thuc te, kho co the dap img dugc nhu cau nay. Tdc do dan sd tang nhanh nhung sd giuimg benh lai khong tang len tuong img. So vdi nam 1997, sd giudng benh d Ha Ngi la 3600, thi sau 3 nam chi tang 413 giuc^ng benh, viec tham, kham va chira benh cho dan cu do thi lai cang gap nhieu kho khan.
BANG 9: CO SCi KHAM, CHUA BENH TAI HA NOI
Ca nudc Ha Ngi Sd giudng benh 192.489 4.013 Benh vien 112.522 3.130 Trong do Phong kham 9.370 35 Vien dieu dudng 10.400 - Tram y te 57948 708
(Ngudn: Nien giam Thong ke 2001 - NXB Tlidng ke - Hd Ngi 2002)
Ngoai cac nhu cau ve nha d, viec lam, hgc tap, chira benh, con ngudi con CO cac nhu cau khac nira nhu phuong tien di lai, vui choi giai trf... Do vay, bien dgng dan sd do thi Idn se tao ra nhu cau dot biet, ma ket ca'u ba tang ky thuat nhu: giao thong, cap thoat nudc, cung cap dien va cac dich vu ky thuat, dich vu ddi sdng khong dap ling ndi. Chang ban ve phucmg tien giao thong bang nam. 6 to tang tir 7-8%, xc may tang tir 12 - 20% chua ke tdi xe dap, xfch 16... Trong khi do he thdng giao thong do thi lai kem chat lugng, duimg xa chat chgi nen hien tugng ach tac giao thong tbU(:mg xuyen xay ra. Tai Ha Ngi chi eo 8% - 10%
dien tfch da't danh cho giao thong, trong khi mot do thi hien dai yeu cau tir 20% - 2 3 % . Mat do dudng ra't tha'p: 4,43km/km" (tai cac khu vuc mdi xay, chi sd nay con thap ban: 2km/km^). Viec thieu vang phuong tien giao thong cong cong vdi 600 dau xe buyt cho 500 trieu lugt ngudi di chuyen hang nam da dan den tinh trang bien Ha Ngi thanh thanh phd cua xe may ca nhan. Nam 1997, lugng xe may cac loai xe nay ddu sir dung xang pha chi, thai vao khong khf lugng khoi bui nguy hiem cho moi sinh va siic khoe con ngudi. Ngoai ra, tieng dn cua hang ngan chiec xe may tai cac diem nut giao thong va tren cac dudng phd Idn cung da trd thanh van nan cho ngudi dan thu do. Xe may ca nhan da va dang la mot trong nhimg nguye nhan chfnh ciia sir 6 nhidm moi tmdng do thi d thu do va cac thanh phd Idn d Viet Nam. Ha Ngi hien dang trong qua trinhb oan thien mang ludi giao thong cong cong, sap tdi se dua 500 xe buyt mdi vao hoat dgng song ciing van chua dap ling dugc nhu cau di lai trong ngi thanh. Thuc te mdi chi dap ling dugc khoang 20% nhu cau. He thong cap thoat nudc con bat cap hem khi d
Ha Ngi lugng nudc sach cung ca'p cho dan cu do thi mdi chi dat dugc 80%.
Di eu la mot xu hudng tat yeu ciia qua trinh phat trien kinh te xa hgi noi chung va bien dgng dan sd noi rieng. Phat trien nen kinh te trong giai doan mai vdi nhirng doi hoi ciia no se dan den sir phan bd dan cu d cap do va quy mo Idn hon. Chiing ta co the chiing kien sir gia tang ciia hinh thai di chuyen nong thon - do thi trong tuong lai, dac biet la di chuyen tir cac viing ngoai vi vao Ha Ngi. Xu hudng nay co y ngbla dac biet quan trgng ddi vdi tdc do tang tmdng da' nsd do thj cung nhu phat trien kinh te d thii do. Cac chfnh sach vi mo se co kha nang thanh cong neu nhu chii trgng tdi nhan thiic va khuyen khfch viec sir dung hieu qua cac dgng lire thi tmdng de dieu tiet mdi quan he giira di cu va phat trien.
Nhimg can thiep ddi vdi di cu se dem lai bieu qua neu nhu dap iirng dugc
nhu cau cua dong dao ngudi dan. Can xay dung cac bien phap, chfnh sach phii hgp nham dap ling nhu cau co ban va nang cao miic sdng cho ngudi di cu. Cac bien phap do can tao dieu kien va hudng tdi dn dinh cac dong di cu thay vi nhiing cd gang dieu tiet hay lap ke hoach dieu chuyen dan cu. Viec dam bao cho
ngudi sd lai, cung nhu dugc tham gia binh dang trong cac dich vu tfn dung, viec lam, giao due va y te' la ra't cSn thiet trong thdi gian tdi. Do cung chfnh la co hgi dd phat tridn thu dd van minh, hien dai va giau dep.
> _ < ' ' > *> ** ^