- Cd 10,39%) do trudng mua sim them Cd 43,51% do giao vien tu lam.
nhung do hgc smh quen vdi each hgc, each thi cii; chua quen vdi each ra de mdi nay nen kit qua lam bai khdng cao Ben canh dd, nhieu giao vien edn di ling vd
nay nen kit qua lam bai khdng cao. Ben canh dd, nhieu giao vien edn di ling vdi nhiing thay ddi, khd khan trong tilp thu cai mdi da din den sir ddi mdi dd chi la nhirng hien tugng rieng le, chua dugc trien khai rdng rai, dai tra.
• . Viec cho dilm ciing chua cd chuin rd rang. Nhieu giao vien khdng lam dap an, bilu dilm cho bai kilm tra nen cho diem rat cam tinh. Do vay ma chuan dap an, bilu dilm cho bai kilm tra nen cho diem rat cam tinh. Do vay ma chuan danh gia rdng hep rit khdng ddng dlu giiia cac trudng. Ddi khi diem 7 ciia trudng nay chi la dilm 5 cua trudng kia. Cd thi xem xet van de nay tir mot de kiem tra 15 phiit phan mdn Van hgc:
- Chep thude long tdm cdu tha cudi dogn trich "KiSu d Idu Ngung Bich " - Neu gid tri ndi dung vd nghe thuat cua dogn trich "Chi em Thuy Kiiu "
Chiing tdi khao sat cac bai lam cila hgc sinh ldp nay, hiu hit cac em dat diem tren trung binh. Trong dd, tieu bilu ed bai lam cua mot em hgc sinh: chep thugc ldng sai 15 Idi, phan tich gia tri ndi dung va nghe thuat bing viec chep lai phan tieu ket cua giao vien trong tilt giang nhung dien dat lung cung va bing van phong nhu van phong giao vien ghi bang; that bit ngd, day la bai dat dilm 6,5. Nguyen nhan co ban theo chiing tdi la do giao vien chua nghien ciru chuan kien thiic, kT nang; chua dat ra muc dich, yeu ciu cua viec kilm tra nhu mot chuin diu ra (output). Mot he qua la, chiing ta cho dilm hgc sinh rit "thoang". Nhieu hgc sinh hgc van dat yeu cau tir trung binh trd len nhung ket qua thuc la nang luc nghe, dgc, ndi, viet tieng me de ciia cac em lai rit thip. Dieu dd cho thay mot hau qua khdng he nhd la neu chiing ta khdng y thiic ve chuan danh gia, chiing ta cho diem mot each chii quan va cam tinh se dan din chung ta tu ru ngu trong mot vung trdi hep, chiing ta ngd nhan ve ket qua day hgc va tu thda man vdi mot ket qua dudi chuan, tham chi rat non so vdi chuan.
- Ve cdc de trdc nghiem khdch quan
Nhirng thuc trang ciia trac nghiem tu luan ddng thdi ciing la nhirng thuc trang ciia trac nghiem khach quan. Tuy nhien, can thay rang, trac nghiem khach quan la mot cdng cu do mdi vdi nhimg tieu chuan kT thuat rac rdi, phiic tap hon. Do vay ma giao vien Ngii Van cua chiing ta ciing su dung cdng cu nay vdi nhimg bat cap nhieu hon, mdi hon. Cd the trinh bay bd sung mot each ngan ggn nhiing van de eon ton tai eiia each kiem tra bang de trac nghiem khaeh quan nhu sau:
+ Trudc het la viec ra de trac nghiem khach quan mot each thieu khoa hgc. Giao vien bd qua rat nhieu khau trong quy trinh lam de.
+ Viec thiet ke he thdng cau hdi thugc eae loai: diing - sai, dien khuyet, ghep ddi va dac biet la loai cd nhieu phuong an de chgn, cdn vi pham nhieu kT thuat (Cd rit nhilu kT thuat bien soan, chiing tdi da tdm tat lai trong 10 kT thuat
dugc in trong phan phu luc cua de tai: "Nghien cuu vd ung dung thir nghiem dgy
mdn ngic Vdn 6 theo chuong trinh, sdch gido khoa mdi d mot sd trudng THCS thuoc tinh Khdnh Hda"). Nhilu cau vi pham nghiem trgng dan den cau hdi
khdng cdn gia tri do.
+ Quan dilm day cd lien quan rit mat thilt din quan dilm danh gia. Giao vien vin nang day hgc theo quan dilm thdng tm - tiep thu dan den viec thiet ke cau hdi thien vl tai hien, kilm ra ghi nhd, thugc ldng. Miic do tu duy nhan bilt chilm ti le Idn trong dl kilm tra, rit it cau hdi yeu cau hgc sinh van dung, dii chi
la van dung thap. Nhieu cau trac nghiem cd 4 phuong an lira chgn chu yeu dimg de hdi tac pham tren ciia ai, dugc sang tac khi nao, theo the loai gi, cd may nhan vat, nhan vat nao la trung tam.. .Neu chiing ta cii ra cau hdi bang xuat phat diem nay thi khdng biet khi nao chiing ta mdi cd the hdi nhap vdi the gidi dugc. Loai trac nghiem diing/sai dugc khuyen cao nen han che nhung do giao vien quan diem It phuong an thi de ra de nen van eon xuat hien nhieu trong bo eong cu do nay...
+ Ddi vdi giao vien, kiem tra va cho diem xong coi nhu viec danh gia ket thiic. Khau tham dinh de kiem tra va viec nhan xet, danh gia ciing nhu hudng khac phuc cdng tac giang day, hge tap rat it dugc chii y.
2.5.2. Ddi vdi mdn Lich su ldp 8,9
Vdi tinh than Ddi mdi day va hgc, hau het GV mdn Lich su da nhan thirc dugc y nghTa to Idn eua viec KT-DG, mdi quan he giira chit lugng day - hgc va KTDG. Cac hinh thiic kiem tra co ban (kiem tra mieng, 15 phiit, 45 phiit...) dugc tien hanh thudng xuyen va da cd sir cai tien rd net:
- Kiem tra mieng khdng nhat thiet dau gid; kiem tra 15 phiit, cung cd bai thudng dugc kiem tra bang cau hdi trac nghiem khach quan. Hgc sinh ua thich loai hinh kiem tra nay, kha sdi ndi tham gia do tra Idi nhanh va biet ngay ket qua.
- De kiem tra dugc trinh bay dep, khoa hge; de tir 45 phiit trd len deu cd 2 phan: trac nghiem khach quan va tu luan; ty le trac nghiem va tu luan diing quy dinh ( 4/6 hoac 3/7). Diem thanh phan cho timg cau hdi dugc cdng khai.
- Cach dat cau hdi trong de kiem tra rd rang hon, giam tinh han lam; trgng tam chuong trinh.
- Bude diu da thiet ke de kiem tra vdi nhieu loai cau hdi, ngoai cau hdi kilm tra kiln thuc cdn cd cau hdi ren luyen ky nang (thdng ke, so sanh)..., nhung khdng nhieu.
- Qui trinh ra dl dam bao tinh khach quan: giao vien true tiep day khdi, ldp ra dl, gui len BGH chgn; hoac BGH chi dinh ngudi ra de (thudng la td trudng, nhdm trudng).
- Nhilu trudng, co sd vat chit tuy thilu thdn nhung van tao dieu kien cho
GV ra dk chin, le; bd tri phdng danh rieng cho kilm tra hgc ky, dam bao cho
hgc sinh cd chd ngdi rdng rai nhim han chi tinh trang copy bai cua nhau.. .Trong dilu kien thuc t l hien nay, nhung cd ging tren rit dang khich le.
Ben canh nhimg mat tich cue ndi tren, qua khao sat dk kilm tra hgc ky ldp
phd, huyen, thi) cho thay cdng tac KT DG trong day hgc lich su van cdn nhieu vin dl phai ban. Chang han nhu trong mot sd de kiem tra, phan cau hdi tu luan cd:
+ Ndi dung kiem tra chua toan dien, chu yeu la kien thiic, cac yeu ciu khac nhu ky nang, thai do, sir thdng minh, sang tao, tinh linh hoat... cua ngudi hgc chua dugc chii y.
+ Kien thiie dugc kiem tra ciing chi dimg d miie do "bilt", phan anh yeu cau kien thiic dudi dang hge thude. Loai cau hdi tu duy it; cau hdi tu luan cd tinh dac trung bd mdn: tir trinh bay su kien (bilt) - > nhan xet su kien (hilu) ... it dugc su dung. Trong mot de cd qua nhieu ndi dung dugc hdi, qua tai so vdi thdi lugng kiem tra. Tuy cau hdi khdng khd nhung hgc sinh bi ap lire vi phai viet nhanh mdi kip gid.
* Vi du 1: (de kilm tra hgc ky 2, ldp 8)
(1) Neu ten cdc phong trao yeu nude chdng Phdp tir ddu TK XX den ndm
1908 (1.5d)
(2) Neu hinh thirc hogt ddng ciru nude cua Phan Bdi Chau vd Phan Chdu
Trinh (0.5 d)
(3) Neu cdc giai cdp, tdng lap trong xd hdi Viet Nam cudi TKXLX ddu TK
XX, thdi do chinh tri tirng giai cdp. (5 d)
Giai cdp, Tdng ldp Thdi do chinh tri
* Vi du 2: (de kiem tra hgc ky 1, ldp 9)
(1) Vi sao cdc nude Toy Au lien ket khu vuc vdi nhau? Qud trinh lien kit
khu vuc d cdc nude Toy Au dien ra nhu the ndo? (2 d)
(2) Neu nhiem vu chinh vd vai trd cua LHQ. Quan he giiia V. Nam vdi
LHQ (1 d)
(3) Ngudn gdc ciia CMKHKT Idn IL Neu nhitng thanh tuu chu yeu, y
nghia, hau qud ciia cudc CMKHKT ndy. (4 d)
(4) Ndi dung vdy nghia lich sir ciia Hiep dinh Pari (1973) (3 d)
+ Trong khi dd, cimg mot thdi lugng nhu nhau lai cd de yeu cau kha nhe
nhang, hge sinh cd thi nhic bai cho nhau de lay diem va bai thi xong sdm. * Vi du 1: (de kilm tra hgc ky I, ldp 8)
Th&i gian 7. 10. 1917 24. 10. 1917 25. 10. 1917 Ddu 1918 Sw kien
(2) Neuy nghia lich sir cua cdeh mgng thdng 10- 1917 ? (3 d)
+ c a u hdi khdng ggn, nhieu ndi dung dat ra trong cimg mot cau; sap xep cau hdi khdng trinh tu thdi gian xay ra su kien; khdng co cau diem tung ndi dung hoac eo cau diem trong cau chua khoa hgc.
* Vl du 1: ( de kiem tra hgc ky 2, ldp 9)
(1) Ndi dung ke hogch Na va? Ndi dungy nghia Hiep dinh Gionevo (3 d) (2) Y nghia Lich sir vd nguyen nhdn thdng loi cua cudc CM thdng 8/1945? (3) Cho biet qud trinh Ddng ta mang ten, thdi gian? (4 d)
* Vl du 2: (de kiem tra hgc ky 2, ldp 8)
(1) Neu ten cdc phong trao yeu nude chdng Phdp tir ddu TK XX den ndm
1908 (L5d)
(2) Neu hinh thuc hogt ddng ciru nude ciia Phan Bdi Chdu vd Phan Chdu
Trinh (0.5 d)
(3) Neu cdc giai cdp, tdng ldp trong xd hdi Viet Nam cudi TK XIX ddu
TKXX, thdi do chinh tri tirng giai cdp (5.0 d)
Giai cdp, Tdng lap Thdi do chinh tri
hi Cau hdi trie nghiem: Idi ky thuat nhilu...
+ Lenh khong ro; cau din khdng phii hgp vdi dap an:
* Vi du 1.- Suphdt triin KT ciia Nhdt Bdn dugc chia thanh nhirng thdi ky,
vdi nhitng ndi dung sau: (0.5 d)
a. 1945-1950: la thdi ky khdi phuc KT b. 1960-1970: la thdi ky phdt triin KT
c. Sau 1970: Nhdt trd thanh 1 trong 3 trung tdm kinh ti thi gidi.
d. Tir nhitng ndm 90 ciia thi ky XX: Kinh ti Nhdt Bdn phdt triin chua timg thdy.
* Vi du 2.- Chon y dung nhdt (mdiy dung 0.5 d)