Hinh thanh cho HS:
+ Ldng yeu que huong dIt nude, Idng tu hao dan tdc, tran trgng nhiing di san lich su trong sir nghiep dung nude va giii- nude ciia dan tdc, thiet tha vdi ly san lich su trong sir nghiep dung nude va giii- nude ciia dan tdc, thiet tha vdi ly tudng dgc lap dan tdc va chu nghia xa hdi.
Tran trgng ddi vdi cac dan tdc, cac nen van hda tren the gidi. Cd tinh than qudc te diing dan. qudc te diing dan.
+ Nilm tin vl sir phat triln tu thap den cao, tu lac hau den van minh ciia lich su nhan loai va lich su dan tdc. lich su nhan loai va lich su dan tdc.
+ Thai do va phIm chit cdng dan: tich cue vi cdng ddng, yeu lao ddng, sin sang di vao khoa hgc ky thuat, sdng nhan ai, cd ky luat, tuan theo luat phap. sin sang di vao khoa hgc ky thuat, sdng nhan ai, cd ky luat, tuan theo luat phap.
2.L2.2. Nhirng diim mai vi chuong trinh, sdch gido khoa mdn Lich sic ldp 8,9 Nhung diim mdi cua CT, SGK Lich sic 8 Nhung diim mdi cua CT, SGK Lich sic 8
Nhiing dilm ndi bat cua SGK ldp 8 dugc the hien d may van de sau: - Bao dam tinh chinh xac khoa hgc, hien dai va Viet Nam la yeu cau - Bao dam tinh chinh xac khoa hgc, hien dai va Viet Nam la yeu cau chung cua viec bien soan cac loai SGK ndi chung, dugc thi hien trong SGK
Lich su 8 d cac diem chu yeu sau:
+ Thdi can dai trong lich su the gidi bit dIu la cudc Cach mang Ha lan giira the ky XVI, chii khdng phai tir cudc Cach mang Anh thi ky XVI1.
+ Cac hinh thiic khac nhau ciia Cac mang tu san
+ Vi sao nam 1917 d Nga lai cd hai cudc Cach mang?
+ Phong trao Cach mang the gidi va vai trd cua Qudc tl cdng san
+ Vai trd ciia Lien Xd, cac nude dau tranh giai phdng dan tdc trong Chien tranh the gidi lan thu hai
+ Nguyen nhan mat nude va trach nhiem ciia nha Nguyin
+ Phong trao dau tranh yeu nude, chdng Phap cudi thi ky XIX dIu thi ky XX cd nhirng dac diem gi?...
Nhung van de tren dugc giai quyet tren co sd thanh tuu mdi cua khoa hgc lich su trong va ngoai nude, giiip hgc sinh tiep can vdi sir kien ljch su; the hien sir thdng nhat giira tinh khoa hgc va tinh tu tudng.
- can ddi ndi dung SGK giua cac bd phan cau thanh cua kenh hinh va kenh chii: khac vdi SGK cu bai viet thudng dai the hien Idi binh giai cua tac gia ma khdng giiip hgc sinh tu minh lam viec vdi cac su kien lich su thdng qua cac kenh hinh kenh chii. Mdi bd phan cau thanh SGK cd vi tri va vai trd ciia nd, khdng qua nang ne ve hgc bai viet ma ky nang chii y khai thac cac phan khac ciia kenh hinh va kenh chii, de riit ra ndi dung cu the khach quan.
- Chii y cac loai cau hdi, bai tap trong SGK: so vdi SGK cii chi nang ve cac cau hdi ghi nhd sir kien hoac giai thich cac sir kien ma khdng cd du co sd dii kien; vi vay d l roi vao thieu sdt ciia viec hgc thugc ldng sir kien ma khdng hieu, hay ndi chung chung khdng cd tac dung giao due tu tudng.
- SGK ldp 8 mdi tang cudng tinh thuc hanh qua he thdng cau hdi, bai tap vl khai thac ndi dung cac loai kenh hinh, tai lieu tham khao qua xay dung bang thdng ke kiln thiic, ve so dd, dd thi...
- Phat huy tinh tich cue cua hgc sinh trong viec su dung SGK: Khac vdi SGK cu thudng bude hgc sinh phai hgc thugc bai viet cua sach. De hgc sinh biet lam viec vdi SGK nen SGK mdi cd neu rd muc dich bai hgc d md dIu bai hgc; chi trinh bay nhimg kiln thiic co ban cho nen hgc sinh phai khai thac them d cac loai kenh hinh, tai lieu tham khao, cau hdi, bai tap. Vi thi, kich boat hgc sinh
phat huy tinh tich cue ciia minh chii khdng phai hgc thugc ldng. Nhu vay la viec phdt
Nhicng diem mai cua CT, SGK Lich sir lop 9
SGK Lich su ldp 9 gdm khda trinh lich su thi gidi tu 1945 (sau Chiln tranh thi gidi) din nay (nam 2000) va khda trinh lich su Viet Nam tu 1919 (sau Chiln tranh thi gidi thii nhIt) din nay (nam 2000).
So vdi chuong trinh va SGK cu, SGK Lich su 9 mdi thi ca hai khda trinh LSTG va LSVN cd ndi dung keo dai them 10 nam, tir 1991 din 2000, nhung vdi sd tiet khdng thay ddi.
SGK Lich su ldp 9 cd nhOng dilm mdi sau:
- Theo phuong cham tinh gian ciia chuong trinh mdi, SGK lln nay cd gIng tap trung vao nhiing kien thiic co ban, he thdng va cap nhat tren co sd phii hgp vdi trinh do nhan thuc cua hgc sinh, khdng sa vao nhiing chi tiet khdng can thiet, ke ca nhiing van de tuy quan trgng nhung chua that can ddi vdi liia tudi hgc sinh ldp 9. Mat khac, ciing theo tinh than cua chuong trinh mdi, SGK lan nay cd gang cd nhiing ddi mdi ve phuong phap giang day coi trgng cac khau ban dd, kenh hinh, tranh anh... nham khai thac phat huy tinh chii ddng, tich cue cua hgc sinh. Chang han, SGK Lich su 9 cd 81 kenh hinh, trong dd cd 22 luge dd, ban dd, cdn lai la tranh anh. SGK chii y kenh hinh ben canh kenh chii, ngoai muc dich minh hga cho kenh chir, cdn chua dung trong dd ndi dung ma kenh chu' khdng chiia dung ndi. Giao vien cd the khai thac, lam cho bai giang them sinh ddng.
- SGK bao dam kien thiic co ban, he thdng, khach quan, cap nhat, the hien tinh than ddi mdi.
- Dieu chinh mot sd sir kien, nien dai, nhan dinh danh gia khach quan. - SGK cd mot bai rieng vl Quan he qudc te tu sau nam 1945 (SGK cu khdng cd bai nay). Ddng thdi SGK mdi cdn dl cap tdi ca tinh huih the gidi sau chiln tranh lanh va cac xu thi phat trien hien nay ciia the gidi.
- Ndi dung LSTG va LSVN keo dai them 10 nam (1991 ~ 2000). Bdi tir dIu thap nien 90 cua thi ky XX din nay, tinh hinh thi gidi ciing nhu khu vuc Ddng A (bao gdm Ddng Nam A va Ddng B I C A) da diln ra nhieu biln chuyen to Idn, ea nhirng dao Idn bit ngd va dan din nhimg thay ddi can ban. Ddng thdi, nhilu hien tugng mdi cung xult hien (nhu chu nghia ly khai, chu nghia khung bd qudc tl...). Giao vien va hgc sinh dIu d n bilt va nim dugc tinh hinh dd. Va lai, du muon hay khdng, qua cac phuong tien truyin thdng dai chiing hing ngay nhu bao, dai ..., hgc sinh dIu dugc nghe, dugc nhin, du miic do nhan thiic, hieu biet cd khac nhau.
- Do nhan thuc va dilu kien liic biy gid, nen ndi dung lich su vl cac nude trong SGK cu thudng nghieng v l phong trao dIu tranh each mang. SGK mdi lln
nay, ben canh cac phong trao dau tranh timg dien ra trong ljch su, da cd gang de cap nhieu hon tdi su phat trien ve kinh te, xa hdi cua cac qudc gia (nhu trong chuong II: Ve cac nude A - Phi - My la tinh...)
- Trudc xu the toan cau hda, qudc te hda va khu vuc hda dien ra d hlu hit cac chau luc tren the gidi, SGK mdi cd gang trinh bay mot hien tugng mdi, mot xu the mdi: dd la sir lien ket khu vuc kinh te va chinh tri, tieu bieu d chau Au la td chiie EEC va EU, d Ddng Nam A la ASEAN va AFTA, ARF...
2.1.2.3 Nhimg ban chi ciia CT, SGK Lich su 8,9
Tien hanh danh gia ve thuc trang ndi dung chuong trinh, sach giao khoa Lich su ldp 8,9, de tai da phat phieu hdi den 107 giao vien Lich su. Cau tra Idi ve cac van de ndi tren the hien nhu sau:
- v l CT, SGK Lich su ldp 8 cd hon 30%) giao vien danh gia cdn qua tai vl kiln thiic va cd hon 80%) giao vien danh gia SGK van cdn mot it chd sai sdt, can chiia lai. (Xem bang 21 - phu luc I)
- v l CT, SGK Lich su ldp 9 cd hon 40% giao vien danh gia cdn qua tai; hon 80% giao vien danh gia cdn mot it chd sai sdt can chinh sua.
Trong Hdi thao ciia dk tai, nhieu y kien cua can bd quan ly va giao vien
Lich sir tham gia da cho rang:
- CT, SGK Lich su ldp 8,9 cdn qua tai, dan trai; chua tap trung vao cac sir kien quan trgng. Lugng kiln thiic cung cap cho tung tiet day qua nhieu, giao vien chi cung d p su kien cd chgn Igc cho nen hgc sinh khdng lien ket dugc ca giai doan lich su, viec phan tich, danh gia sir kien chi d miic do vira phai ciia timg giao vien.
- SGK ldp 8 va 9 cd rIt nhilu tilu muc. Nhilu bai hgc mang tinh khai quat cao. Dilu nay ddi hdi giao vien phai tim nhieu tai lieu mdi giai quyet dugc, trong khi dd danh gia quan dilm Lich sii trong giai doan hien nay cd phIn khac trudc. Chinh vi le dd, phIn Idn giao vien day ludt cho kip thdi gian bdn muoi lam phut; hgc sinh phIn Idn khdng thich mdn Lich su.
- Su phan bd ndi dung kiln thiic giua cac bai trong chuong trinh lich su thi gidi can dai d hgc ky I, ldp 8 chua can ddi va cdn nang vl sir kien lich sii. Dilu nay ddi liic lam cho GV va HS lam viec vdi tdc do nhanh, kha vlt va. ChIng han nhu, bai "Cach mang Tu san Anh, Cach mang Tu san Phap".
- Phan phdi chuong trinh chua that hgp ly. Lugng kiln thiic d SGK d khdi 8 va dac biet la ldp 9 rIt nang trong khi dd thdi lugng chi cd 1,5 tilt/tuln. Thdi gian ciia 1 tilt hgc nhilu khi chi du dl truyin dat kiln thiic trong SGK nen nhieu
khi mudn md rdng, dao sau kiln thiic thi lai khdng cd thdi gian, lai bi "chay giao an". Vi vay nen thay ddi lai phan phoi chuong trinh, ldp 8 va 9 vln giu nguyen 2 an". Vi vay nen thay ddi lai phan phoi chuong trinh, ldp 8 va 9 vln giu nguyen 2 tilt/tuln nhu chuong trinh cu.