The conceptual metaphor “love is a force” in the poem “ waves” written by xuan quynh = ẩn dụ ý niệm “tình yêu là lực” trong bài thơ “sóng” của xuân quỳnh

428 vINH UNIVERSITY fOREIGN LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT ====== KIỀU THỊ LOAN GRADUATION THESIS THE CONCEPTUAL METAPHOR: “LOVE IS A FORCE” IN THE POEM “ WAVES” WRITTEN BY XUAN QUYNH (ẨN DỤ Ý NIỆM : “TÌNH YÊU LÀ LỰC” TRONG BÀI THƠ “SÓNG” CỦA XUÂN QUỲNH ) Field: English linguistics Nghe An, 2015 vINH UNIVERSITY fOREIGN LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT ====== GRADUATION THESIS THE CONCEPTUAL METAPHOR: “LOVE IS A FORCE” IN THE POEM “ WAVES” WRITTEN BY XUAN QUYNH (ẨN DỤ Ý NIỆM : “TÌNH U LÀ LỰC” TRONG BÀI THƠ “SĨNG” CỦA XN QUỲNH ) Field: English linguistics Supervisor : NGUYỄN THỊ KIM ANH, MA Student’s name : KIỀU THỊ LOAN Class : 52B3 - English Student code : 1157513552 Nghe An, 2015 GRADUATION THESIS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To complete my research perfectly, besides my efforts, I have received encouragement and wholehearted helps of my teachers as well as supportive ideas and gave useful advice from my family, my friends If it had not been for their helps, I could not have finished this thesis First of all, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Nguyen Thi Kim Anh, MA, who has helped me a lot with her useful advice Besides that, she has encouraged me so much Thanks to all, I had powerful motivation to finish my research with all my passion and efforts I would like to thank to Foreign Language Department and a team of enthusiastic and warm-hearted lecturers who are teaching at Vinh University who gave me undeniably useful lectures and basic skills which helped me a lot in finding out necessary information supporting for my study I owned a deep debt to all members in my family and friends who have learnt with me in English majors at Vinh University Without their co-operations, helps and shares, my study would not come to a great end Last but not least, after working hard to finish this study, I hope that it will help all readers and language learners to have deep understanding about cognitive linguistics and widen knowledge in general and conceptual metaphors in particular Nghe An, May 2015 Kieu Thi Loan i GRADUATION THESIS ABSTRACT Linguistics is a large field with a diversified system of concepts and definitions All of them make us interested in discovering life In this study, we focus on conceptual metaphor in the love poem –Waves by Xuan Quynh It aims at analyzing and demonstrating the conceptual metaphor in the poem: “LOVE IS A FORCE” Simultaneously, it provides us with useful knowledge of linguistics and the ways we can use all theory in real life in order to enrich our mind Moreover, this study will bring us some comparing analysis between love and Waves with colorful nuances Finally, this study is expected to be a helpful and useful source which supplies for readers and language learners in the coming time ii GRADUATION THESIS TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i ABSTRACT ii TABLE OF CONTENTS iii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationales for choosing the study 1.2 Aims of the study 1.3 Scopes of the study 1.4 Methods of the study 1.5 Design of the study CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 2.1 Review of cognitive linguistics 2.1.1 The definition of cognition 2.1.2 Cognitive linguistics 2.2 Conceptual metaphor 2.2.1 Metaphor 2.2.2 Conceptual metaphor 2.3 What is love? 2.3.1 Some views of love 2.3.2 Some conceptual metaphors of love: “LOVE IS WAR” and “LOVE IS A JOURNEY” 13 2.3.2.1 The conceptual metaphor “ LOVE IS WAR” 13 2.3.2.2 The conceptual metaphor “ LOVE IS A JOURNEY” .14 2.4 A brief history of the author and waves 15 2.4.1 Author 15 2.4.2 Her works 16 2.4.3 “Waves” written by Xuan Quynh 17 iii GRADUATION THESIS CHAPTER 3: A STUDY OF CONCEPTUAL METAPHOR: “LOVE IS A FORCE” THROUGH THE METAPHORIC IMAGE: WAVES BY XUAN QUYNH 20 3.1 Subjects of love 20 3.2 The awareness of love 22 3.3 The source and target mapping and the conceptual metaphor LOVE IS A FORCE .25 3.4 Characteristics of Waves and compositions of love .26 3.4.1 The origin of waves and the love 27 3.4.2 Activities of waves are nuances of love in the poem 29 3.4.3 The voyage of waves and love trip 30 3.4.4 The vehicle of the waves and love 31 3.4.5 Challenges of Waves and love 31 3.4.6 Speed of Waves and love 32 3.4.7 Direction of wave and love .33 3.4.8 Destination of waves and love .33 3.5 The similarities and differences between Waves and Love 34 3.5.1 The similarities 34 3.5.2 The differences 35 CHAPTER 4: CONCLUSION 36 4.1 Recapitulations .36 4.2 Recommendations 37 4.3 Implications 37 4.4 Limitations and suggestions 38 REFERENCES 39 iv GRADUATION THESIS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationales for choosing the study With a fast speed of life, human beings need more ways to communicate with others in society, because language is used popularly in life and considered as an indispensable means of transferring the information for human Besides, it plays an important role for connecting people together in community To have deeper understanding about language and find out the best ways to transfer meaning from the speaker, I decided to choose the study in order to provide readers and language learners with figures, structures and usage of some scales of language I focus on the cognitive linguistics, cognitive metaphors and give examples to illustrate clearly and have some comparisons between English and Vietnamese love metaphors as well as metaphors in general I hope all of the readers and language learners to have a general view of language and know how to avoid common mistakes in communication and in other fields Furthermore, during the time I have learned at Vinh University, I realize that I am interested in Love Poetry of Viet Nam and England By all my efforts and passion, I try to introduce to readers and language learners a brief origin of the famous love poem and poets as well as some information about Waves by Xuan Quynh My research stresses on analyzing, demonstrating and classifying the meaning in conceptual metaphor of love through the image Waves For my own part, I hope this study will be a flame to create motivation, interests for students in learning language and know how the meaning can be expressed through metaphoric images Thus, this study can provide a deeply completed view and a source of knowledge about Vietnamese and English literatures in order to supply all people who are fond of cognitive linguistics Last but not least, love is regarded as an unlimited inspiration for lots of authors and poets, but there are many ways to express love in linguistics and daily life Metaphor is used mostly in literature and real life Therefore, I conduct the study, because I want to find out how metaphors reflect cultural value, and more, to find out the similarities and differences between system of metaphors related to love in English and Vietnamese 1.2 Aims of the study The study aims: GRADUATION THESIS - To have a brief view of cognitive linguistics, conceptual metaphors and some definitions of love and a famous poem in order to supply readers, language learners the ways cognitive metaphors of love are used in each situation such as in literature or utterances -To analyze and demonstrate clearly the conceptual metaphor LOVE IS A FORCE through metaphorical image Waves - To study the meaning and manifestations of love expressed through Conceptual metaphor in poem Waves by Xuan Quynh Then, we can find the similarities and differences about love metaphors in English and Vietnamese What is more, the readers and learners can understand more deeply about each country, its culture, even its literature in particular To this research effectively, it has to answer these questions: What are cognitive linguistics, conceptual metaphors of love in language? What is the meaning of conceptual metaphor related to love in Waves by Xuan Quynh? What are its manifestations? Why is love metaphor expressed in such ways? What are the similarities and differences of manifestations in waves and love? 1.3 Scopes of the study Language is a main vehicle to broadcast the information and communication It becomes an interesting topic for linguists to a lot of researches up to now All of these aids and references play necessary roles in supporting people who want to find information about language With ambition of finding and widening the knowledge of cognitive linguistics, I decide to conduct the study: Conceptual metaphor: “LOVE IS A FORCE” in “Waves” by Xuan Quynh However, with a limited time, the study cannot cover all aspects of language and cognitive linguistics It only stresses on conceptual metaphor related to love through “Waves” in the poem by Xuan Quynh Some examples can illustrate clearly for love metaphoric images in poetry as well as in real life 1.4 Methods of the study To fully finish this study, I used both the qualitative and quantitative research methods to analyze the conceptual metaphor of love GRADUATION THESIS Firstly, I based on “Sóng” by Xuan Quynh and the English version “Waves” by Huynh Sanh Thong who was a Vietnamese American scholar and a famous translator having worked at Yale University for a long time Besides, I collected the data from various references, books, researches referring to linguistics Furthermore, I used the basic theory of cognitive linguistics I connected and put Waves and Shore in the closed relationship of lovers (I and You) Finally, I combined both research methods in order to synthesize and analyze data concerning to the meaning of the conceptual metaphor LOVE IS A FORCE in “Waves” Procedures used in the study are as follows:  Collecting the data referring to cognitive linguistics, conceptual metaphors, metaphors of love and Yin and Yang philosophy to demonstrate the conceptual metaphor “LOVE IS A FORCE”  Carrying out analyzing the data based on theories of linguistics about cognitive linguistics, conceptual metaphors and Yin and Yang philosophy  Giving deep explanations about the assumption  Synthesizing what I analyzed in the data referring to cognitive linguistics, metaphors, different philosophies to demonstrate “LOVE IS A FORCE”  Giving suggestions for further study  Giving implications for the study 1.5 Design of the study The study has four main chapters: Chapter 1: Introduction This part covers the rationales, aims, scopes, methods and design of the study Chapter 2: Theoretical background In this part, the author focuses on supplying the general background knowledge about cognitive linguistics, metaphors, conceptual metaphors and notions of love Besides that, the author provides readers and language learners with some necessary GRADUATION THESIS information of Vietnamese poet and work as well as Waves –one of the most famous love poems by Xuan Quynh in the 20th century Chapter 3: A study of conceptual metaphor LOVE IS A FORCE in poem: “Waves” written by Xuan Quynh This chapter deals with analyzing LOVE IS A FORCE and synthesizing the conceptual metaphor related to love through metaphoric image: Waves, then giving detail about manifestations of love with diversified nuances in poem written by Xuan Quynh Chapter 4: Conclusion This part summarizes of the study, recommendations, implications and suggestions for further study GRADUATION THESIS For Waves by Xuan quynh, love is expressed through metaphoric images, waves This is a big love, mixing up lots of feelings and emotions between both of them ,but sometimes it only occurs from one side who always expects and looks forward to responding from other side When being in love, we can feel all nuances of emotions such as happiness, sadness even broken heart throughout physical and mental features, we can find out in the poem the conceptual metaphor: “LOVE IS A FORCE” The love as a trip finding the happiness of the girl from offshore to large sea with affects and passions of small Waves –the woman in life Waves and the woman are two in one They are full of magic mysteries but lots of truthful emotions During the poem, Waves a person having feelings and can express emotions and they know to love, to be sad and happy and disappointed The Waves, which are metaphoric images, the main character in the poem really understand, share and sympathizes deeply about all tones they want to send to darling All of love which waves want to transfer to lover is all of emotion the girl wants to make her heart to men when she realizes her real feelings tones Main character has a magic and marvelous incarnation into Waves in order to bare her heart and all emotions with different states under in the sea We can easily realize that the woman and waves have a close relationship, they knit together in life One more thing, Waves are representative of woman‟s soul at the age of the young; and, in this heart, it is full of beliefs and ambitions as well as great dreams about an endless love 3.4.1 The origin of waves and the love Having a sweet love, wonderful marriage are the happiest things we never stop dreaming and looking forward to in life but not at all times, all of us can miss lots of chances if we get it timely It is very important to realize whether we can know when the love comes, how we get and who can give us beliefs and hope to go together in the same road of the life and willing to give and receive all love and emotions of the half of other or not? It is a big question and maybe, it is not easy to find accurate answers absolutely In physics, the start of Waves is from winds on the sea and many activities of earthquake underground Waves can move far away, work night to night 27 GRADUATION THESIS The orign of love in real life starts from the other person in specific relationship It means that there are at least two subjects: receiver-giver, who take part in the love trip Besides, emotional states are affected by the lover The author also shows indescribable feelings: “Before those waves which stir the sea, I think of you, think of myself I muse upon the boundless sea: Where did those billows all arise? "It was with winds that waves began." But where did they begin, the winds? Neither I remember now: When did it all begin, our love?” In Vienamese target source: “Trước mn trùng sóng bể Em nghĩ anh em Em nghĩ biển lớn Từ nơi sóng lên? "Sóng gió" Gió đâu? Em khơng biết nữa: Khi ta yêu nhau? When we realize that winds are roots of the Waves, however, for the love, especially, the love of the woman for the man that origins from her heart and from the man with a full of burning wishes and emotions For soul, her love begins from her darling who makes her a warm heart full of passions and ambitions of the young with real love of her life The other half is all with the woman in the life To love and receive love from other half are essential, therefore, more and more women in the world also want and expect the love coming beside them and want to discover the origin of strong feelings In a mapping, we can find the similarities between Waves 28 GRADUATION THESIS and love Sometimes, Waves are daring, but sometimes, they seem to be very gentle, soft, as a woman who is in love 3.4.2 Activities of waves are nuances of love in the poem Waves result from winds from the sea as the natural phenomenon under the pressure of the process in the tectonic and seismic balance in the deep sea Waves are natural phenomena originating from sea breezes, under the action of seismic balance under the earth and beneath of the sea Waves integrate into the sea to create audio magic tones Day by day, non-stop process, wave-like soldiers guard the island homeland for mother earth nature Before the wind and rain, waves create intense hurricanes, crazy with a tremendous power, they can destroy everything on land and at sea In the song of Cao Minh, he encouraged the bravery of Vietnamese spirit in the war:‟‟Cửu Long giang sóng trào nước xốy” Sometimes, Waves seem to be soft and gentle as a woman wanting to love, to live by all passions and enthusiasm at the age of youth Although, Shore and Waves cannot separate into two, sometimes Waves are not themselves, they want to discover new things, before the confined, narrow space, many small waves take themselves out into the great sea This is the best time they can shout, scream to greet the new sun's rays on a pristine beach This is the best time, they can have chances to move far away, leave the lover in order to understand deeply about themselves: “Sông không hiểu Sóng tìm tận bể The stream can't understand its waves They leave and find their way to sea‟‟ (Huynh Sanh Thong translated) Following to the rules of Yin and Yang, any things, subjects exist both of factors Yang and Yin Waves are soft, and they move to the flow on the sea, Shore is solid, and cannot leave, it can stand steadily on the mainland Though both of the subjects have some differences, they also have close relationship Similarity to Waves, in love, a woman and a man are two specific subjects, in the essence, both of them have a binding connecting to all similarities and differences in In traditional view, a woman is known as a passive, soft and gentle person, nowadays, they are in love own self and sacrifice to receive the true love from each other At the love time, all women love passionately with the incredible emotions, occasionally, they cuddle and look affectionately 29 GRADUATION THESIS More importantly, whenever in life, the ambition of love is very big If in Waves, they always try to be harmonial to others in the nature, are burning back to the Shore In love, for any one, when in love, they always are love all their heart They usually dream about a bright future after they get marriage All these are simple ambitions in life However, when between them occur some debates or some disagreements between them, the woman finds the way to escape what is happening Furthermore, she wants to discover the new things, look back what she makes, the ways she behaves with the lover Although near or far in distance or space, both Waves and Shore always stop missing each other According to Waves by Xuan Quynh, emotions cover all nights, days and in mind of the woman: “Ơi sóng nhớ bờ Ngày đêm khơng ngủ Lịng em nhớ đến anh Cả mơ thức” 3.4.3 The voyage of waves and love trip The voyage of Waves on the ocean is long with lots of challenges Waves bring the powerful energy from the far sea back to mainland in order to overcome obstacles, rush the Shore safely Waves are active, in some cases, they want to discover the life, open their mind and find themselves, they face many difficulties on the road and a happy ending Shore is the right direction of Waves: “Dẫu xuôi phuong Bắc Dẫu ngược phương Nam Nơi em nghĩ Hướng anh phương” In the voyage, Waves try their best to work, to overcome all challenges They are willing to forward winds, sunlight This is not easy and has a linking bind between their souls 30 GRADUATION THESIS In fact, each couple has a way to express emotions and find the last destination like small waves on the sea, they move to the flow on the sea Each flow is the way with different voyage Each couple will face challenges and troubles on the love trip to find the happiness This love trip is not easy for any one if they cannot have beliefs and real emotions for each other It is true that LOVE IS A JOURNEY fulling of happiness, sadness, and even jealousy But, at the end of the trip, all things will be following to the rule: “You're the only one who knows my heart So let's take it right back to the start” (Jar of Heart –Christina Perri) 3.4.4 The vehicle of the waves and love In any voyage, vehicle is an essential element, and it plays an important role in finding out the true love In natural process, Waves move under the pressure of earthquake and result from winds on the ocean They can move far away with the help of wind speed and underground force Similarly, love enters our soul by many ways, maybe some simple things or peaceful features in each other Love must be tempered through challenges, conflicts so not all of couples can find the happy ending and get true love For Xuan Quynh, love is wonderful and powerful energy The vehicle to transfer this love as an iron will of a woman and man Though life is full of challenges, to make the heart, the distance of them is nothing if they seek together and really understand each other 3.4.5 Challenges of Waves and love Challenges are things we can avoid on the road of happiness The fact, waves work days to days, nights to nights to the shore (destination) However, to find the last destination on the voyage, each Wave must overcome many obstacles which are sunlight, winds, storms, rains, etc But sometimes, to be back to Shore, Waves face all challenges on the far sea, they move thousand meters to meet the Shore “Far, far out there, upon the sea, Behold them all, those waves and waves: Which ones will flinch that broad space And fail to search their shore Though life‟s long, long haul The months and years pass away However vast that sea may be” (Huynh Sanh Thong) 31 GRADUATION THESIS Having a comparison to love, if the love of girl and man has best conditions, obviously, a happy ending will be held But, not all couples like that, some couples have lover in distance, time and space, they must suffer the emptiness in the soul, sometimes they feel lonely because their lover is not beside them whenever they need At that time, no one can share with them all of emotions, they feel so sad and hard They may lose the beliefs in the love Furthermore, there are many conflicts, disagreements, they have some irreparable rifts as the girl feels lost the beliefs in her darling In her heart will have some manifestations Facing difficulties and lacking beliefs for lover, the love will end without expectation of both Therefore, to keep the love forever, both of them must put beliefs on each other Consequently, to have true love, all of persons need realize that distance and time are nothing in love in order to try together to overcome all difficulties in life 3.4.6 Speed of Waves and love To take all waves from ocean into the mainland, they collaborate with many factors during the voyage This voyage comes to the destination early or late depending on the speed of each wave: “Con sóng lịng sâu Con sóng mặt nước” And, “Làm tan Thành trăm sóng nhỏ” (Waves- Xuan Quynh) Commonly, Waves often rush the Shore following small or marvelous trains timely and day by day From far sea, Waves move and rush into the Shore strongly in spite of many difficulties Similarly, when a woman loves a man, each minute, each day is happiness Both of them still bring up a big love which is full of emotions and challenges, the distance and space It is because love has individual reason, we cannot explain clearly 1, “Khi anh nói yêu em, Trái tim em đập chừng mạnh qúa Mạnh em tưởng nghe rõ Tiếng tim anh đập em Em yêu anh, yêu anh điên dại” (Xuan Quynh) 32 GRADUATION THESIS 2, Love you is the most wonderful thing I can even in some minutes, I can see you immediately” 3.4.7 Direction of wave and love Direction is known as a different image- chema that exists in any voyage It is used popularly in love metaphors and marriage metaphors The fact that finding the right direction is very important for us in any relationship In Waves, Xuan Quynh identified Shore on the mainland is the right direction of waves from the ocean The direction in this situation is that love force and direction It means in the relationship between Waves and Shore, Shore is really the most faithful darling themselves, so although moving to wherever they can, they love Shore more than they still are “Dẫu xuôi phương Bắc Dẫu ngược phương Nam Nơi em nghĩ Hướng anh phương” (I may set off and head straight north Or face about and move down south No matter where I go, my thoughts All turn in one direction: you.) ………… (Huynh Sanh Thong) In anywhere, waves always find the way to back to the Shore –faithful lover For the girl, finding out the true love, its last destination are necessary This aim makes her have power to overcome all things in order to home fall of love Someone said: Missing has only one direction “with one reasoning “Your heart is place in the end of the world I still want to come back to” 3.4.8 Destination of waves and love No voyage has no destination In the voyage of Waves on the sea, Shore is the direction and also the last destination of this voyage To come back to Shore, Waves are really themselves with variety of nuances both thoughtful and gentle features in their soul Being beside the Shore, Waves can be covered, consoled each night After 33 GRADUATION THESIS working hard, facing lots of obstacles on the sea, Waves push themselves into the Shore as a cute darling Shore-Waves fall in line with ocean to create colorful tones Love of a woman is considered to share some similarities All women want to find for themselves one true love and wonderful darling to go together on the life road All of them are important things We lose much time and efforts looking for during life More important thing is keeping our heart, our soul always warm, full of love in any cases When both of persons love each other deeply and thoughtfully, they must together face and overcome all challenges in life door Happiness is the most wonderful thing and the last destination of each couple during the love trip to gain achievement: “Don‟t separate when having conflicts Be beside together to the end of the road” 3.5 The similarities and differences between Waves and Love 3.5.1 The similarities Both Waves and Love have a closed binding Waves are metaphoric images in mapping mechanism in linguistics Throughout physical features of Waves, we can see they have a clear link to the love Clearly, in Waves, we can realize that Waves and Shore are subjects who are participants on the Waves voyage Arrival-Departure is the main rule which Waves move on the sea This rule is fluent and following to the cycle of waves‟ movement More importantly, Shore is both direction and last destination of Waves The relationship between Waves and Shore is very close and has a connection The work of Waves does not stop, they work and try day by day to meet the Shore on the mainland Sometimes, they rush into the Shore softly and peacefully, but sometimes, they shout, rage and rave as a dangerous animal in the wild world when they face difficulties Besides, to be back to the mainland, be beside by Shore, Waves experience a lot, cope with many challenges and obstacles on the sea Furthermore, in any voyage, destination is very important It helps us to identify the purposes in life The process these Waves move from the far sea to back to the mainland is long and hard, they need to be brave and strong enough to face and defeat all obstacles on this hardship voyage Similarly, love has subjects who are in love They are both receivers and givers in a love relationship In any situation, receivers can change the position for givers, and conversely In any relationship, it will never be sustainable if only one person gives or 34 GRADUATION THESIS receives without responses from the other person And, love has many emotional nuances which only subjects in love know and explain clearly For woman, when she is in love, sometimes, she is very gentle, soft and internal; sometimes, she seems to be jealous, angry with her lover with no understandable reasons But, sometimes, she misses him a lot In front of all challenges which her lover and she will deal with in her love trip, not only her darling but also she must try the best to go to the end of the love road After hard trip, overcoming all difficulties with her lover, she always harbors a dream of bright future with happy smiles With some similarities between Waves and love, we can know deeply the meaning of conceptual metaphor and use effectively the metaphorical images to map all data concerning to love of human in real life 3.5.2 The differences Waves are natural phenomenon, and they start from sea winds and the pressure of earthquake underground Therefore, they will move and work following to the rule of Mother Nature with collaborations of other elements Tide by the combined effects of gravitational forces exerted by the Moon, Sun, and rotation of the Earth, is one of elements which affects to the process of Waves on the sea Moreover, Waves are objects of the nature, so they cannot be aware of the world as human Unlike Waves, the love is one of emotional moods of human in society For a love to exist, it has at least two persons and interactive force between love subjects Therefore, love is based on the awareness of human and social contexts Especially, it follows the cycle but in each cycle, there are different subjects of love 35 GRADUATION THESIS CHAPTER 4: CONCLUSION 4.1 Recapitulations Metaphor transferring the messages based on the similarities between two objects is used widely in English and Vietnamese linguistics, specifically, metaphor of love Most of metaphors come from daily life and experience that are universal to all human considered as of language and culture It covers all over the world into small shape with lots of colors and sounds Metaphors reflect the real life through cognitive images in nature, therefore we can understand deeply the meaning of those metaphoric images by using all knowledge of background and concentrate on analyzing which meaning of images are used in each situation As soon as understanding what the speaker wants to transfer through metaphors, they can improve communicative skills naturally in real life Besides that, metaphor expresses the style of an individual or the style of nation and the age called versification Realizing its importance of metaphors, the researcher conducted to this study in order to analyze about metaphor system in English and Vietnamese referring to love Furthermore, love is a universal state of human feeling Although it does not have the specific shape or image, through senses of human, we can realize its existence in life Love appears on the ground, can help us overcome the difficulties, appease injuries and heal the pain with an enigmatic emotion exceeds the boundaries and potential to change the life Hence, there are many ways to express this magic feeling by metaphoric images in utterance or literature Waves are as example of the metaphoric image Xuan Quynh used to make the heart in her poem Waves are understood as a person who has feelings, emotions With main purpose is to analyze and demonstrate the conceptual metaphor “LOVE IS A FORCE” in “Waves”, the researcher carry out finding and collecting the data for the issue in many scales of linguistics All of theories about cognitive linguistics, conceptual metaphor and metaphors of love, Yin and Yang philosophy of Eastern are used, explain and illustrate clearly By all obvious evidences in reality, science and literature explain more clearly and attractively in the study Last but not least, through the conceptual metaphor: “LOVE IS A FORCE” in “Waves”, the learners of language and readers can know the differences and similarities between English and Vietnamese metaphor of love as well as have detail comparisons about language in both nations represented for two lifestyles Thanks to 36 GRADUATION THESIS that, they can improve knowledge and the understanding of love metaphors in both languages 4.2 Recommendations Vietnamese and English are interesting languages in the system of linguistics Therefore, we must know and use the variety of methods in the languages in order to expose all of their effects in expressing ideas and communicating in literature as well as spoken language To support steady to students in doing scientific research, the leaders and lecturers at universities or colleges should organize some extracurricular activities not only for students of Foreign Language Department but also students at whole University in each semester These activities will supply large amount of special knowledge and background knowledge for all of students Moreover, all of students should take part in giving ideas at scientific conferences at university or in agencies, departments Especially, enhancing the quality and effects in teaching and learning are the first goal which all of leaders, staffs as well as lecturers, students are attempting to finish at Vinh University Therefore, it is necessary to reform the curriculum and use many modern methods to approach to the system of advancing education in the world In linguistics, metaphor, a various and valuable source that we have explored, is a stylistic device often used popularly in literature and utterance To broaden knowledge of language, we need to read more and more books in order to get information and learn ways to express meaning in each context Each metaphor has different expression Based on each culture, each nation with different lifestyle, the meaning of the conceptual metaphor will have differences Next, we should communicate with foreigners to understand about their culture and ways they use metaphors as well as the meaning of conceptual metaphors in each country Thanks to some experience we get in reality, we can avoid mistakes and culture shock when we communicate with othes In the study, the researcher only focuses on the conceptual metaphor LOVE IS A FORCE in “Waves”, the researcher hopes the study will be exploited and enlarged in other scales in the coming time 4.3 Implications After studying conceptual metaphor: “LOVE IS A FORCE” through the image of in the Waves by Xuan Quynh, we find out more similarities and differences in English and Vietnamese metaphor of love in both languages in particular and metaphors in general In fact, metaphors depend on different contexts and situations Therefore, in 37 GRADUATION THESIS this study the researcher provides a specific aspect in metaphors throughout the mechanism of transferring meaning from the source domain to the target one 4.4 Limitations and suggestions Figurative fields in using metaphors in general and metaphor of love in particular are complicated domains that need more researches, explorations This research mainly stresses on analyzing conceptual metaphor LOVE IS A FORCE in Waves by Xuan Quynh In the coming time, we should conduct some further researches: - Pragmatic and semantic features of metaphor in love stories of English and Vietnamese - A study of metaphor of time and money in English and Vietnamese - The effects of using metaphorical symbols in Love in English and Vietnamese I hope some suggestions about aspects concerning to metaphors will help all readers and language learners have a general knowledge of linguistics Then, all knowledge will be useful for us to improve as well as advance some competences in spoken or writing language in the future 38 GRADUATION THESIS REFERENCES In Vietnamese: Tran Van Co.(1994) Ẩn dụ ẩn dụ tri nhận (Ghi chép suy nghĩ).Nhà xuất Xã hội Tran Thi Thu Hien.(2014).A study of metaphor MARRIAGE IS A UNITY in English and Vietnamese B.A thesis, Vinh University Phan Thi Huong.& Do Thanh Nhan.(2011).The metaphor LOVE IS A JOURNEY in English and Vietnamese Science Journal, Vol.40, No.3B Vinh University Dinh Trong Lac.(1994).Phương tiện biện pháp tu từ Tiếng Việt Nhà xuất 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www.goctraitim.vn www.hocxa.com/Tho/DichTho/DT_HuuLoan.php https://voer.edu.vn/m/ngon-ngu-hoc-nhan-thuc/ http://bookhunterclub.com/an-du-qua-dong-lich-su-2/ 10.http://linguistica.sns.it/RdL/15.2/04.Ruiz%20De%20Mendoza.pdf 11 https://voer.edu.vn/m/ngon-ngu-hoc-nhan-thuc/5fcc8581 13.http://www.academia.edu/3819487/What_is_concrete_and_what_is_abstract_i n_LOVE_IS_A_JOURNEY_metaphor 14 http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/ 15.books.google.com.vn/books?id=vsdPsIXCiWAC&pg=PA237&lpg=PA237&d q=rickheit+strohner+1993&source=bl&o 41 ...vINH UNIVERSITY fOREIGN LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT == =? ??? ?== = GRADUATION THESIS THE CONCEPTUAL METAPHOR: “LOVE IS A FORCE” IN THE POEM “ WAVES” WRITTEN BY XUAN QUYNH (ẨN DỤ Ý NIỆM : “TÌNH YÊU LÀ LỰC”... Chapter 3: A study of conceptual metaphor LOVE IS A FORCE in poem: ? ?Waves” written by Xuan Quynh This chapter deals with analyzing LOVE IS A FORCE and synthesizing the conceptual metaphor related to... referring to cognitive linguistics, conceptual metaphors, metaphors of love and Yin and Yang philosophy to demonstrate the conceptual metaphor “LOVE IS A FORCE”  Carrying out analyzing the data based