sách giáo khoa ngữ văn 11 tập 1

BO GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO TAP MOT NHA XUAT BAN GIAO DUC VIET NAM BO GIAO DUG VA DAO TAO PHAN TRONG LUAN (Tong Chu bien) LA N H A M T H I N - TRAN DANG SUYEN (dong Chu bien phan Vdn) BUI MINH TOAN (Chii bien phan Tieng Viet) - LE A (Chu bien p h ^ Lam van) LE NGUYEN CAN - NGUYEN THAI H O A - D KIM H I - NGUYfiN XUAN NAM D O A N DUC PHUONG - VU DUONG QUY - TRAN NHO THIN TRINH THI THU TIET - HA BINH TRI - DOAN THI THU VAN Ngu van 11 TAP MOT (Tdi bdn ldn thii ba) NHA XUAT BAN GIAO DUG VI$T NAM Ban quy6n thudc Nha xudt ban Giao due Viet Nam - B6 Gido due vd Dao tao 01-2010/CXB/572-1485/GD Ma s6 : CHlllTO VAO PHU CHUA TRINH Lfi H O U TRAC (Trich Thugng kinh ki sg) KfTQUAcANOATCdm nhdn disgc gid trj hi^n thuc sdu sic cua tdc phim vd nhdn cdch cao cCia tdc gid qua ngdi biit kf su chdn thuc, sic sdo v4 cuOc sdng phti chda Tnnh ^ TIEU DAN Le Huu Trdc (1724 -1791) hi$u Ik Hdi Thugmg Lan 6ng, ngu6i l ^ g Li6u XA, huy$n Dutog H^o, pM Thuong H6ng, tr& Hdi Duong (nay thuOc huy$n Y6n MI, tinh Hung Y6n) Ong id mOt danh y, khdng chi chOa b$nh md c6n so?n sdch vd m6 tnitog d?iy ngh^ thu6c d^ truyin bd y hpe Phin 16n cuOc ddi ho?it dOng y IIQC vd trudc tdc cda dng gib vdi qu6 ngoai xa Son Quang, huy^n Huong Son, tinh Hd Tinh BO Hdi ThuQngy tdng tdm link g6m 66 quy^n, Id cdng trinh ngliien ciiu y hoc xuSt sdc nh^t tiidi trung d?ii Vi^t Nam Tdc phim cung ghi lai nhung cdm xiic chdn that cda tdc gid nhiing Iiic ^ Ipi di chvra b$nh cdc miin que, bdc Id tam huy^t vd due dO cda ngudi thiy thudc Qua tdc phim, cd thi thiy Lfi HQu Trdc cdn Id mdt nhd vdn, nhd tho vdi nhiing ddng gdp ddng ghi nhdn cho vdn hoc nudc nhd Thuang kinh ki sg (Kl su d^n kinh dd) Id tdp ki su b ^ g chQ Hdn, hodn thdnh ndm 1783, dupe x€p d cudi bO Hdi Thitqng y tong tdm Unh nhu mOt quy^n phy luc Ki su Id mOt thi ki, ghi ch^p su yi0c, cdu chuydn cd thdt vd tuomg ddi hodn chinh Thuong kinh ki sg td quang cdnh kinh dd, cuOc sdng xa hoa phd chiia Trinh vd quyin uy, th^ luc cda nhd chiia - nhiing diiu L6 Huu Trdc m^t th^y tai nghe chuydn di tvr Huong Son Thdng Long ehiia b$nh cho th^ tii Trinh Cdn vd chiia Trinh Sam Qua dd, ngudi dpc th^y dupe thdi dd coi thudng danh Ipi cda tdc gid Tdc phim kl^t thuc vdi vide Ld Httu Trdc duoc vl lai qud nhd, tr6 vl vdi cuOc sdng tu tdm trang hdn hoan, tl^p tuc c6ng hi^n ddi minh cho y thudt D o ^ Vdo pha chda Trinh ndi vl vi$e Ld Huu Trdc ldn tdi kinh dd, dupe dSn vdo phii chiia dl bit mach, kd don cho Trinh Cdn Ld Hflu Trdc (Nguyin TiifnXihung vS) VAN BAN Mong thang Sang tinh ma, toi nghe tieng go cua rat g^p Tdi chay m6 cua Thi mot ngudi day ta quan Chdnh dudng^i' vua ndi vvra tha hdn hen: - Cd chi'^) trifu^^' cu vao ! Quan truyin m^nh^^' hi$n dang nha cu lan con, vang l$nh chay den day bdo tin linh a dinh da dem cdng ddn ddn cu a ngodi cua Xin cu vdo phu chau Tdi ben sua sang mu chinh te, l§n cdng vdo phu Ten day td chay ddng trudc het dudng Gang chay nhu ngua long, tdi bi xdc mdt me, khd khdng ndi het Chung tdi di cua sau vao phu Ngudi truyen menh dan tdi qua may lan cua nua, theo dudng ben trai ma di Tdi ngang dau ldn : dau dau cung Id cay cdi irni turn, chim keu riu rit, danh hoa dua thdm, gid dua thoang thoang miii huang Nhiing day hanh lang quanh co ndi U6n tidp Ngudi giu cua truyen bdo r^n rang, ngudi cd viec quan qua lai nhu mdc cui Ve si canh giu cua cung, mudn vdo phai cd the Tdi nghl bung : Minh vdn quan, sinh truang a chdn phdn hoa, chd nao ceun thdnh minh cung da tung biet Chi cd nhung viec phu chtia la minh chi mdi nghe ndi thdi Budc chan den day mdi hay canh giau sang cua vua chua thuc khdc hin ngudi thudng! Ben ngam mpt bdi tha di ghi nhd vi^c nay: Linh nghin ciia vdc don^^^ nghiim nhdt, Cd trdi Nam sang nhdt Id ddy I Ldu timg gdc vS tung mdy Rem chdu, hiin ngQC, bdtigmai dnh vdo Hoa cung thoang nggt ngdo dua tdi, Vudn ngu nghe v^t ndi doi phen Qui mua, cung cdm chua quen, Khdc gi ngu phu ddo nguyin thud ndo^^ I (1) Quan Chdnh dudng: chiic quan coi tat cd cdc cdng vi^c phu chiia; ddy chi Huy Qudn cdng Hodng Dinh Bdo (2) Thdnh chi: chi thi cua vua; day diing cho chiia Trinh Sam, (3) Trieu: gpi (dung cho ngudi trdn ddi vdi ngudi dudi) (4) Quan truyin m$nh (hay quan truyin chi): quan giu viec truyin m^nh l$nh, chi^u chi cua vua (5) Vdc ddng (tu cd): chi gido, mdc - nhiing binh thdi xua (6) Ngu pha: ngudi ddnh cd Ddo nguy^: sudi hoa dao, chi canh tien Cd cau lay y tu bai Dao hoa nguyen ki ciia Dao Tilm, kl vl vi?c mpt ngudi ddnh cd mdt hdm ch6o thuyin di ngupc ddng sudi bdiig i ^ vdo cdnh ti6n huyen do, tho mdng Di dugc vdi tram buac, qua may lan cua moi den cai diem^" "Hau md quan tuc true "(2) Didm ldm b6n cdi ho, cd nhung cdi cay la lung vd nhung hdn da ki la Trong diem cot vd bao Ion lugn vdng, kieu cdch that Id xinh dep Quan Chdnh dudng mdi d trieu thi nghi d day Thay tdi, dng bdo quan truyin ehi: - Chieu qua, tdi da tdu len Thdnh thugng^^' cho phep cu vdo de hau mach Ddng cung thd tu(4) Ong cung vdo vdi quan truyen chi, bao tdi di theo ciing may ngudi tieu hodng mdn^^' Di bd ddn mdt cdi ciia ldn, thi ve, qudn si thay tdi dn mac cd ve la lilng, mudn giu lai Quan truydn ehi ndi: - Cd thdnh chi triSu Hp ben de cho tdi di Qua ddy hdnh lang phia tay, den mpt cdi nhd ldn that Id cao vd rdng Hai ben la hai cdi kieu dd vua chiia di D6 nghi trugng^^^ deu son son thep vdng giua ddt mpt cdi sap thdp vdng Trdn sdp mic mpt cai vdng didu Trudc sap vd hai ben, bdy bdn ghd, nhung dd dac nhdn gizin chua tttng thay Tdi chi ddm ngudc mat nhin rdi lai cui dau di Lai qua mdt cua nira, den mpt cdi ldu cao vd rdng day, cdt ddu son son thdp vdng Tdi hdi nho c^uan truydn chi, dng ta ndi: - Ta vua di qua nhd "Dai dudng" Nhd ay gpi Id "Quydn bdng", cdi gdc gpi la "Gdc tia" Vi thd tu "diing trd" d day, cho nSn gpi nd Id "phdng trd" (Sd la d ddy kieng danh tir "thudc" nen gpi thudc Id "trd".) Bay gid "phdng trd" ed bay, tdm ngudi Thay quan Chdnh dudng ddn, tat ca deu dung day Quan Chdnh dudng ngdi ghd tren Mpi ngudi ngdi theo thu tu Quan Chdnh dudng bao tdi ngdi vao giiia Liic diu tdi khdng hieu, sau mdi bidt dd Id cdc vi luong y eua sdu cimg, hai vi$n dugc du vdo vide hau trd, ngdy dem chau chuc d day Thay tdi, hp deu nhin Cd ngudi ciii xudng hdi nhd Quan Chdnh dudng cudi: - Cu la dng Lieu Xd a Dirdng Hdo vdo ngu cu Huong Son, lam thudc hay cd tidng, vang thdnh ehi vdo kinh Bdy gid cd ngudi chit khan lugt tdu, cudi va bao tdi: (1) Diirn: tram, noi de nghi chdti hode chd dpi (2) "Hdu md qudn tiic tnic": ten tr?im, nghia id "Noi qudn Hau md chd sin (de ehiia sai phdi)" (3) Thdnh thugng: ti^ diing de ehi nhd vua; ddy chi chiia Trinh Sdm (4) Dong cung th^td: eon trai eua ehiia da dupe chpn dl ndi ngdi; ddy ehi Trinh Cdn, eon thii ciia Trjnh Sdm (5) Tiiu hodng mdn: quan ho^n hau h? noi cung cam (6) D6 nghi trwpng: dung eiia vua chua theo ngiii thuc triiu dinh ddt - Cu cd biet tdi khdng ? - Tdi la kd d noi qu6 miia, lam bidt dugc cdc vi noi tridu dinh ddng due nhu the ndy? - Tdi la ngirdi An Vidt, huy$n La Son, nhd, tdi vSn nghe tieng cii nhu sam dpng ben tai, nhimg chua hd dugc gSip B^y gid tdi mdi bidt dng ta ldm gido quan Aii Vi6t, t§n la Chiic, dugc dng Nguydn Kiem ngtrdi Tien Dien lam Thy tran dd cu lam th4y thudc chiu chuc ddy Sau dd, lai dugc ldm thudc b bO Binh, giii chuc Tham ddng Tdi ndi: - Chd b ciia tdi khdng xa chd b dia ngdi bao nhieu Tdi m^y lin mudn ddn thdm nhung phidn mdt noi Id khdng cd djp Dang db cau chuy$n thi quan truydn mfnh ddn ndi nhd vol quan Chdnh dirdng Quan Chdnh dudng dirng d$y, bio tdi: - Ta hay vao dn com sang mOt Idt da Tdi theo dng, di theo dudng cii trd vl didm "H$u ma" 6ng ndi: - Thdnh thugng dang ngu b ddy, xung quanh cd phi tan chiu chyc, ndn chua thd ydt kidii Ta hay tam ngodi Ong san mam com cho tdi dn Mdm vdng, chdn b^ci dd dn todn Id ciia ngon v^t l£i, tdi biy gid mdi bidt cdi phong vi ciia nhd dai gia An xong, thiy mdt vidn quan hiu e ^ chay lai mdi quan Chdnh dirdng vao va bio tdi di theo, DOt nhi§n, thiy dng ta md mdt chd mdn gam rdi budc vao tdi om, khdng thiy cd eiia ngd ^ cd Di qua dd ndm, sdu lin trudng gim nhu v$y, ddn mdt cdi phdng rdng, d giiia phdng ed mdt cdi s^p thdp vdng Mdt ngudi ngdi trdn s$p dO ndm, sdu tudi, mdc lua dd Cd miy ngirdi dizng hiu hailjen Giiia phdng la mpt cay ndn to cim tren mdt cdi gid bdng ddng Bdn sap dat mOt cdi ghd rdng son son thdp vang, tr§n ghd bay n0m gim Mdt cdi man Id che ngang san ed miy ngudi cung nhdn dang dijtng xiim xit Den sdp ehidu sang, ldm ndi mdu m^t p h ^ vd mdu dd Xung quanh lip lanh, huang hoa ngdo ng^t Xem chiing Thdnh thugng thudng thirdng vin ngdi trdn ghd rdng nay, ngudi rut lui vdo man de tdi xem m^ch Ddng cung cho th$t Id Tdi nin thd dung chd d xa Quan Chdnh dudng truyin l§nh cho tdi lay bdn l?y Thd tu cudi: - Qng ndy l?iy khdo! Quan Chdnh dirdng lai truydn m$nh: - Cy gid yeu, cho phdp cu ngdi hiu m?ich Tdi khiim mim ddn trudc s^p xem m?ich Xem xong, nghe man ed tidng ndi nhd: - Cho dng ta xem ci thdn hinh niia! Mpt vien quan nOi thin'i^ diing chiu ddn bdn sap xin phep thd tur Thd tu diing d^y, cdi do, dirng ben giudng cho tdi xem Tdi xem ki tit ci lung, byng vd chdn tay mOt lugt Quan Chdnh dudng l?ii truyin m$nh bio tdi leiy ta rdi di Tdi diing d^y l^y bdn l^y Thiy quan Chdnh dirdng bio mOt tidu hodng mdn dua tdi "phdng trd" ngdi Mdt Idt sau, dng ddn hdi: - Cu xem mach nhu thd ndo ? Ndn diing thu thudc ^ thi cu cu vidt mpt td trinh len Rdi dng 1^ tiep: - B$nh da nua ndm Trudc giy lim, da hoi ed da, ed thit, bin chit ydu, b$nh da lau ma khdng bd dugc, vi dung duong dirgc^^) thi ndng, ma dimg dm dirgc'3) thi ti'^^*\ Cd phdi dimg nhyng vi phdt tdn^^) m6i xong! Ong bdo quan Ti vidn dem nhiing thii don thudc dang dung ddn cho tdi xem Nguydn dng dl cu tdi vd ndi miy eau la ciing cd f mudn tdi bidt chung Ong ciing cd bidt thudc, kidn thiie vd thudc chua sdu, nhung hi bdn ddn thudc la cii mudn diing thii thudc cdng pheit Ong thudng ndi: "Cd b^nh thi trudc hdt Id phai dudi b#nh Khi dd dudi cdi ta di rdi hay bd, thi mdi Id cdi phdp diing din nhat" Nhung theo "y tdi, dd la vi thd tii d chdn mdn che trudng phu, an qua no, mdc qud im ndn tang phu ydu di Vi lai, b$nh mic da ldu, tinh khd hdt, da m^t khd, rdn ldi to, gan thdi xanh, tay chdn giy gd Dd Id vi nguydn dd hao mdn, thuong tdn qud miic Ndu ehi lo diing thii thudc cdng ph^t khic bde^^' md khdng bidt ring nguydn cdng hao mdn din thi ehi ldm cho rigudi them ydu Benh thd khdng bd thi khdng dirge Nhung sg minh khdng d lau, ndu minh ldm cd kdt qui thi se bi danh Ipi nd rang buOc, khdng ldm vd niii dugc niia Chi bing ta dimg thii phuong thudc hod hoan, ndu khdng tning thi ciing khdng sai bao nhidu Nhung rdi l^i nghi: Cha dng minh ddi ddi chiu on eua nude, ta phii ddc hdt ci ldng thdnh, dd ndi tidp cai ldng trung eua cha dng minh mdi dugc Nghi di nghi lai mOt hdi, tdi mdi ndi: (1) N0i thdn: quan hdu cung (2) Duong dugc: thudc cd tinh ndng (3) Am dugc: thudc cd tinh mdt, l^nh (4) Tr$: ngung dpng, khdng luu thdng dupe (5) Phdt tdn: thudc udng vdo ldm cho dd m6 hdi (6) Thudc cdng phgt khdc bdc: thudc trj b$nh cdng hi$u mamh song lai ldm thuong tdn co thi - Tdi thiy thdnh thd giy, m^ch lai td, sdc'i' Thd Id dm duang diu bi tdn hai, phdi dung thudc that bd dd bdi dudng ti vd than, cdt giii cdi cdn bin tidn tiiidn'^) vd ldm ngudn gdc cho cdi hdu thien^^' Chinh d md thing thi bdnh d ngodi se tu nd tidu dan, khdng tri bdnh md benh se mat ' ' Ong td y kidn ndi di ndi lai miy lin, nhung tdi vdn cii giai thich mdi Ong ndi: - Cu da cd chii y nhu thd thi cu cir viet phuong thudc de dang ldn Tdi vang Idnh vidt td khai rdhg: "Chdu mgeh, thdy sdu mgeh ti, sdc vd vo luc, hiiu quan yiu, huu xich lgi cdng yiu han Ay Id ti dm hu, vi hod qud thinh, khdng give duac duang; nin dm hod di cdn: Vi vgy, bin ngodi thdy co trudng, Id tu