MAY NHAN THLfC VE QUAN DIEM GI6I Vdl VIEC GIAI QUYET VAN OE PHAN HOA GIAU NGHEO Nl/dC TA HIEN NAY Nguyen Mai Hong Trucimg DHSP - D H Q G Ha Ngi Khi bin vd vin dd gidi, mot sd quan niem tmydn thd'ng, cbi ndi tdi van dd phu nir dugc xem xdt nghieng vd khi'a canh gidi ti'nh Didu dd eung dung, nbung chua du, vi ehua chti y thoa ding den vin dd xa hdi eiia phu nir (dung vdi nghia ciia gidi) Tren thye td phu nir b nhidu noi, kd ca nbOng nuete ed ndn kinh td phit tridn lin nbirng nude cham phit tridn, hing ngiy vin dang phai ginh chiu hau qua niing nd eiia sy phan biet ddi xir va tbidu edng bang xa hdi Mac dii xa hdi loai ngudi hon 50% la phu nir nhung d khdp cic chiu liie phu nir vin phai tra gii qui ddt cho sy phit tridn Tnmg tdng sd 1,2 ly ngueti dang sdng dudi mire ngheo khd, thi phu nir chidm 70%, dae biet lii d Chau Phi vii Chau A Thai Binh Dintng Theo sd lieu eiia UNFPA the gidi cd khoang 6.(X)0.00() phu nu chet hang nam cic lai bidn sinh de; 130 trieu Ire em khdng cd didu kien di hge; him I ty nguiti \bn mii chfr; him ly ngueti din kbdng dugc sir dung nude sach; gin ty ngudi can ma khdng ed cic djch vii sinh de; 350 trieu phu nir khdng ed didu kien thye hien kd boach boa gia dinh; hiing irieu ngudi nhidm HIV/AIDS; gin ty ngudi kbdng ed dugc cic djch vii ve sinh can Ihiet [ 1, 14] Rieng ddi vdi Viet Nam, phu nir chidm 51,8% dan sd va 52% lye lugng lao ddng, 80% sdng d ndng thdn, cbi sd HDI nam 1995 la 0,539, xep tbii 120/174 nude, tren Pakistan, An Do vi mdt sd nude khae, nhimg so vdi yen eiu eiia sy ngbiep edng nghicp hoi - hien diii boa tbi edn la bai loan hdi sire nan giai, dae biet la chat lugng ngudn nhan lye nfr Trong qui trinb phit tridn, mdi ci nhin bay nbdm xa hdi eii thd (nhai la ngueti ngheo, phu nfr ngheo), se d vao nhung vj the khdng gidng (do phim chat, nilng lye ca nhan, hoac hoan canh dua lai), nhit la qui trinb ebuydn ddi sang ndn kinh td ihj truimg b nude la hien nay, hg bj hing hut, bj tut hiu, khdng ed nhOrng "eo may deti sdng" nhu ngudi khae; hg bj roi vao hoim canh dae biet khd khan va chju nhidu thiet Ihdi, khdng thd ty minh boa nhap viio edng ddng, viio xa hdi dd phit tridn Trong didu kien phit tridn ndn kinh td thj trudng, la noi ddi hdi tfnh canh tranh thi'ch nghi cao, nhung tfnh nang etgng eiia phu nir cetn rit ban che so vdi nam gidi, eu thd la: kha nang canh tranh cua lao ddng nu tren thj trudng lao ddng ydu hon nam, sire khoc yeu hon nam, cbi pbf xa hdi thucrng Idn hon nam 10 - 15% ; thdi ky ebuydn ddi phu nu cd ngiiy eo mi't viee lam Idn hon nam, nhidu truimg hgp phu nfr phai chap nhan viee lam kbdng dn djnb, thu nhap thip, viee dao tao nghd cho phu nfr rat ban ebd, nhit la phu nfr d tudi tmdng eung l i liic phu nir lap gia dinh, sinh con, nudi Nhu vay, phu nir xel vd mat xa hdi (gidi) la lye lugng CO ban tham gia lai sail xuat sire lao ddng xa hdi, dae biel lii vd mill chit luetng sii'c lao ddng Ma chit lugng eiia lai siin xuat sire lao ddng xa hdi la yeu td quydt dinh ebii ydu eiia phit tridn ngudn nhan lye theo yeu eiu eiia ndn kinh id hien dai Rd rang giai quydt van dd phin hoi giau ngheo phai gdn lien vdi vice giai quydt van dd phu nfr, nbdm dam bao edng bang xa hdi, dam bao nam nir binh ddng Nhan thue mdi hien la gdn lidn vdi quan didm gidi Ture la xem xdt vin de phu nfr nhu mot ca thd (gie'ti tfnh), ddng thiti phu nir nhu la mot nhan cich, mdt vien tfeb eye edng ddng xa hdi, dd ed viee giai quydt vin dd phan boa giau ngheo 78 Cd dugc nhan thii:c dd la yeu eiu eiia quan didm vd sir phit tridn eon ngudi, dd qua nira la phu nfr vSir phit tridn ben vfmg chi cd thd thye hien duite neu nhu mgi ebien luge phit tridn ddu birdng viio phit tridn eon nguiti, thye hien edng bdng xa hdi ddi vdi mgi vien xa hdi, dd ed phu nfr, dae biet hi phu nfr ngheo Dd eung la sir bidu hien va la thye chit ciia viee giai quydt tdi Uii mdi quim he gifra phit tridn kinh td va phit tridn xa hdi timg budc phit tridn eiia Dafig va Nha nude la hien Trong "Qrong ITnb xay dimg dit nuete thdi ky qui dd len CNXH" ed ghi: " ehinh sach xa hdi dung ddn vi hanh phiie eon ngudi la ddng lye to Idn phit buy tidm nang sing tao cua nhin din sy ngbiep xiy dimg CNXH Phuong hudng Idn cua chinb sach xa hdi la: phit buy nhin td ngudi tren eo si't dam bao edng bang, binh ddng vd quydn Igi va ngbTa vu edng din; ket hgp td't tang trudng kinh td vbi tidn bo xa hdi; giira ddi sdng vat chit va ddi sdng tinb thin; gifra dip ting cic nhu eiu trude mdt vdi cham lo Igi feb liu dai, gifra ca nhin vdi tap the va C()ng ddng xa hdi"[2, 13| Van kien Dai hdi VHl ciia Dang nhin manb: "Tang tnrdng kinh td phai gdn lien vdi lien bd va edng bdng xa hdi timg budc va sud't qua trinb phit tridn Cdng bang xa hdi phai thd hien d ca khiu phan phdi hgp ly tu lieu sin xuit lin b khau phan phdi ket qua san xuat, d viee tao didu kien cho mgi ngudi ddu cd eo hdi phit tridn va sir dung td't nang lye cua minh" [3, 113] Cd thd ndi, diy chfnh la md hinb phit tridn ma chiing ta lya ehgn nbdm xiy dyng mdt nude Viet Nam dan giau, nude manb, xa hdi edng bang, van minh, theo djnb hudng XHCN Theo quim didm gidi, dd giai quydt cic van dd xa hdi neu tren dae biet nhiing vaii dd nhu that ngbiep, ngheo ddi lai phiii dua viio ehinh gidi phu nir, hg phai tir tibdm ddi tugng trd cbii thd tham gia viio cic chuemg trinb xa hdi, phit buy tinb nang ddng xa hdi eiia phu nfr giai quydt cic van etc xa hdi eiia ban Ihiin gidi minh Nhu viy, vin dd gidi, phu nir va phit tridn bao gid eung phai xoay quanh cai true "lay ngudi b vi tri trung tam" vSy fien bd eiia phu nir phai ludn ludn gdn lidn vdi phit tridn va tidn bd xa beii thdng qua he tbdng cic ehinh sieb kinh td va chi'nh sieh xa hdi Didu dd cQng ed ngbTa la dd giai quydt htru bieu vin dd phin hoi giau ngheo phai ludn ludn gdn vdi viee giai quydt van dd phu nii va phit tridn Trong be tbdng dd, vai trd ciia phu nfr vdi sy dap img vd gidi khdng chi la lye lugng tao sy dn djnb ctia xa hdi ma la yen td, la ddng lye eiia sy phit tridn va tidn bd xa hdi Tdi lieu tham khdo [1] Nhin din (bio), sd45 (510)/S-11-1998, ir.I4 [2] Dang edng san Viet Nam: Cuetng linb xay dyng dit nude thdi ky qua dd len CNXH, NXBSythit, Ha Ndi 1991 [3] Dang Cdng siin Viet Nam: Van kien Dai hdi dai bieu loiin qiidc Ian thir Vfll ciia Dang, NXB Chinb trj qude gia, H, 1996 [4J ADUKI, van de ngheo d Viet Nam, NXB Chfnh In qude gia Ha Ndi, 1996 [5] Nguydn Thj Hdng - Nguydn Him Dung Van dd gidi vdi chfnh sach xa hdi [6] Trin Thj Van Anh, Le Ngge Hiing Phu nfr, gidi va phit tridn, NXB Phu nfr,Ha Ndi, 1996 (Xem liep trang 83) 79 SUMMARY Some awareness of the view of sex and the solution to the division among the rich and the poor in our country at the present time The content of the article expounds some main opinions: the meaning, thee impotance and the essential content of the view of sex during the progress of the solution of the division among the rich and the poor, during the progress of the oriented socialist industrihzation and modemizafion in our country 83 ... tidm nang sing tao cua nhin din sy ngbiep xiy dimg CNXH Phuong hudng Idn cua chinb sach xa hdi la: phit buy nhin td ngudi tren eo si't dam bao edng bang, binh ddng vd quydn Igi va ngbTa vu edng din;... ket hgp td't tang trudng kinh td vbi tidn bo xa hdi; giira ddi sdng vat chit va ddi sdng tinb thin; gifra dip ting cic nhu eiu trude mdt vdi cham lo Igi feb liu dai, gifra ca nhin vdi tap the va... qua san xuat, d viee tao didu kien cho mgi ngudi ddu cd eo hdi phit tridn va sir dung td't nang lye cua minh" [3, 113] Cd thd ndi, diy chfnh la md hinb phit tridn ma chiing ta lya ehgn nbdm xiy