Áp dụng kết quả nghiên cứu văn hóa dân gian nhằm nâng cao chất lượng giảng dạy văn học dân gian ở đại học và phổ thông trung học

AP DUNG KET QUA NGHIEN CLTU V A N H O A DAN GIAN NHAM NANG CAO CHAT Ll/CJNG GIANG DAY V A N HOC DAN GIAN DAI HOC VA PHO THONG TRUNG HOC Phgm 'Thu Yen Khoa Ngfr van Truimg DHSP - DHQG Ha Ngi I Co so ly luan va co sa thuc ticn van bgc dan gian la bd mdn khoa hge xa hdi mang tfnh chit dac thii cho nen vin dd ngbien euru khoa hge dd nang cao chat lugng dao tao chuyen nganb van hge dan gian la edng viee dac biet quan trgng Tfnh chai dac thii dd ndm d cbi'nb deti tugng van hge dan gian (folelore) vi van hge dan gian la mot loai nghe thuat tdng hgp tu nbien vira mang bin chit van hoi vilra mang ban chit van hge Van hge dan gian vira la nghe thuat, vira rdng bon nghe thuit, la mdt thir nghe thuat gdn bd chat che kbdng the tach rdi vdi ddi song sinb boat ciia nban dan lao ddng sudt qui trtnb phat tridn dai lau eiia din tde va gid day no thire day tung bimg thdi md cira vdi nhthig Id hdi, nhung hinh thtre sinb boat, ea bit, vui choi mang dam chit din gian, chit tmydn thong Ngbj quyet Tmng uong V khoi VUI ciia Ban chip banh Tmng uong Dang cjgng sin Viet Nam da dd nhiem vu phit tridn gift gin mdt ndn van boa hien dai dam da ban sic dan tde, didu dd tao niem tin va sy phan kbdi cho nbirng ngudi ngbien ciiii vi giang day van hge din gian Cin thie't phai hieu cac lac phim van hge dan giim Ifnh tdng hop ty nbien eiia no, ngbTa la mdi tmdng sdng, hoan canh dia ly ty nbien nao ma tie phim ddi va tdn tai, cac sir thi, tmdng ea, ea dao, ve duge trinh didn nhu thd nao nghi Id, sinb boat vui choi , va didu quan trgng la no thyc hien ebirc nang gi ddi sdng nban din va nghe thuat Mdt thyc td dd nban thiy la van bgc dan gian (VHDG) rat da dang: VHDG ngudi Kinh, VHDG cic din tde anh em tren khdp mgi midn td qude, eic thd loai VHDG tdn tai cac hinh thire didn xudng rieng, thyc hien nbirng chii'c nang rieng Neu kbdng chii y den nhiing dac trung mi ehi chii y den mat van hge la ta da tude bd di ban chit van hoi eiia mot tie phim van bgc dan gian Viee ebgn tic phim VHDG cac diin tde ehuong trinh giang day ri't can chii y den die thii Chuong trinh van hge dan gian d phd thong trung bgc ed Mo "De da'l dc nude" ciia din tde Mudng, truyen tbet "Virgt bidn" eiia dan tde Tay; "Bai ea chang Dam San" eiia dan tde Ede li nhtrng tie pham ed chirc nang rieng Mo "Dc dat de nuel'e" ed ebirc nang thyc banh nghi Id, ehi dugc didn xudng kbi gia dinh ed tang, ma Didu kien dja ly khae biet, phong tue la, nbirng quan niem thin thoai nguyen thuy an Idp vd ngdn ngir Mudng duge chuyen djeh sang tidng Viet la nbirng mat rit ban ehd cho sy cam, hieu ciia hge sinb Thay, ed giio cung khd cam, hidu, khd hinh dung, hudng ehi ndi den sy tmydn dat "Bai ea ching Dam San" thudng dugc cic gia ling Ede "khan" (kd) nghi thiie trang trgng vao nbirng djp Id hdi ben be'p lira nha Rdng Vi kbdng kbi iy, sir thi ed dip hien rd bon linb bdn eua no Tmyen tho 75 "Tidn dan ngudi yeu" thuemg duge vf nhu mdt vien ngge quf eiia dan tde Thii ludn kbien ta simg sot vd ndi dung va nghe thuat didn ta lam trang nban vat eiia van ehuong cic din tde ft ngudi ma ehi dugc giang day tidt kbdng ed cac kidn thiic bd trg thi thit khd giiip bgc sinb cam, hidu duge gii trj di'eh thyc eua tie phdm II Nhfirng ket qua nghicn ciru Nban tbiie duge vin dc tren vii de khdc phuc phin nao nbfmg phidn dien qui trinh ngbien etru va giang day, nhung nam gin diiy, chuyen nganb van hge dan gian khoa Van Tmdng DHSP Ha Ndi da ed gdng ket hgp phuong phap nghien ciin lien nganb tidp can tie phim VHDG theo bai hudng ebfnh: Hudng ngbien cim theo qui dao van hge; di sau vao kbao sat khai tbie van ban, tim hidu dac didm ndi dung va he thd'ng thi phip cac thd loai VHDG (kdt eiu, nban vat, cic bien phip nghe thuit, ydu td ngdn ngir) Hudng ngbien cim theo qui dao van hoi din gian: dua tra cic tie phim VHDG vao mdi tmdng dja ly, Ijch sir van boa xa hdi ma no sinb va tdn tai Cac dd tai ngbien eun, cac dd tai hudng din luan van thae sT, luan van cir nban thudng kbuydn kbfeb ngudi thyc hien kbao sit VHDG cac dja pbuimg, cac dan tgc ft nguiti nhu: Dac diem truyen thuyet vd Le Lgi d Thanh Hoi; Ngbien eiiii Mo "De dat de niretc" Mudng d Thanh Hoi; Lang eudi van Lang d Phii Thg; Phuong ngdn Nam Ha; Tim hidu dac sdc eiia dan ea Thii; Dan ea dam eudi Tay, Niing; He thdng tmyen eudi Mucmg; Tmydn ed Meo Ha Giang Hudng ngbien eiiu yeu eiu viee di siu ly giai phong tue tap quan, tdn giio mdi dan tde, qui trtnb phat tridn ciia tie phim VHDG cung nhu phuong thire didn xudng, dac thu eua mdi the loai Co nghia la dat yeu eiu ngbiem ngat viee dua lac pham VHDG trd vd mdi tmdng sdng di'eh thyc eua no didu kien cho phep Hai khuynb hudng da dem den nhimg kdt qua kba quan hon ngbien eiiru, nban thii:e eua ngudi thyc hien va ehde ehdn duge thd hien mdt each hieu qua hon giang d|iy Tuy nbien giiia nhiinxthire va vice thyc hien eon la mdt khoang cich kbi xa ed nhiing han ehd kbieb quan va chii quan lam cho viee nghien eiiai kbdng ed tfnh ddng bd .Sau diy la nhiing kidn ngbj vd phuong hudng nghien euru va ung dung kdt qua ngbien ciru vio q u i trinh dao tao III Phuong huimg nghien ciru va irng dung vice nang cao chat lugng dao tao chuyen nganh van hoc dan gian Tidp tue day manh va phat buy hui'tng ngbien ethi hen nganb ndi tren mdt thdi gian dai dd lugng bidn chat, de viee ket hgp trd thanb thao tie, thanb ky nang ed tfnh thudng trye ddi vdi nbirng nguiti nghien ciiii va giiing day Diy manh edng ta dien da VHDG: Vdi viee nghien cim VHDG edng lac didn da, kbao sit VHDG tai cac dja phuitng la vd Cling quim trgng dd cic nhii nghien cim ed didu kien "mil thay, tai nghe" hinh dung "phuong thire tdn tai sdng" di'eh thyc eiia tie phim VHDG Di ngbj nha tmdng, phong quan ly khoa hge tao didu kien vd thdi gian va kinh pbf cho td bd mdn thyc hien tdt edng viee ma kbdng ehi vdi can bd ma ea vdi sinb vien - lye lugng sau trye tidp giang day VHDG nha tmdng 76 Chic chin nhiing chuydn khao sit se giiip cho cin bd va sinh vien tang them linb yen va nidm tin vao nhOng gii tn thyc sy eiia van hoi tmydn thd'ng din tde Viee bd trg kidn thtic van hoi din gian bang bang hinh la phuong tien tdt nhit, ed hieu qua kinh td va khoa bgc viee dem tdi cho sinh vien mdt nban tbii'c loan dien vd ddi tugng va phii hop vci ban chit eua loai hinh van boa dan gian tinb tdng hgp ty nbien eua nd ea yd dd tai, thi phip, hoan canh didn xudng va cbti'c nang thd loai Day la van dd ma ebiing tdi tha thidt kidn nghi dd nhung y tudng ed didu kien duge thyc thi Vf du kbi giang day vd bd lao ddng cin cd bang, dia vd cic giai dieu, cung nhu cic ddng tic boat ddng lao ddng eua nhin din; giing Mo "D6 dit de nude" ciia ngudi Mudng neu ed bang, dia hge sinh cd thd dd dang hinh dung vi cim nhin duge chiie nang thyc hien nghi Id tang, ma eua edng ddng Mudng ma bai Mo cit len dd kd vd Ijch san sinh dit, nude, ngudi, ling, ban Nhung phong tue tap quin eiia din tde Thii; tidng hit dim eudi eiia din tde Tay; nhiing Id hdi dim triu td thin, nhiing boat ddng van hoi tmydn thdng ciia ddng bio Tiy Nguyen; edng viee cham trd dac sic eiia anh thg mdc Thanh Hoa, eua chang trai tat nude dau dinh se tie ddng trye tidp ddn nhin tbiic va tinh cam thim my ciia bgc sinh Mudn thyc hien duge y tudng cin cd nhung didu kien ky thuit tdi thidu nhu miy quay, diu Video; man hinh; miy ghi am; bang, dia tir; kinh phi cho viee td chiic nbihig chuydn di Nhung nbirng diu tu lai tao dugc hieu qua cao nghien eiiru va dao tao ndu nbirng iffa, bang hinh dugc nban ban va phat banh rdng trd giio cu trye quan dac biet phuc vu cho viee giang day d hie dai bgc va cic tmdng phd thdng Ban giim hieu, Phong quan ly khoa hoc ciia tmdng DHSP Ha Ndi da nhin tbiic duge tim quan trgng eua viee xiy dyng be thdng tu lieu giang day tren bang hinh va da kbuydn khich cho viee tridn khai dudi dang dd tai cip Dai bgc Qude gia Tuy nbien tit ea mdi ehi la bude diu, mudn dat kdt qua tdt edng viee cin cd sy diu tu ddng bd bon ea vd ly luan vi thyc td tridn khai Viee tidp thu cac kdt qua nghien ciiii eua cic edng trinh tmde day va md nhtrng hudng nghien ciru mdi didu kien ky thuat cho phep la mdt giai phip dung ddn nbim tao hieu qua cao viee ap dung ket qua nghien eiiu vao viee nang cao chit lugng giang day Hy vgng ring vdi phuong hudng neu tren sinh vien eua nhtrng nam diu thd ky 21 se dugc tidp cin vdi nhiing phuong phip dao tao vira hien dai, vira phii hgp vdi ban chit eiia ddi tugng nghien euru SUMMARY The main pupose of this study was implementation of the folelore research results for improving quality of folelore teaching in the colleges imd schools in the following aspects: The theoretical base and practical reality The reseach results of the last years Future trend of study and its implementation in quality improvement of this specific education 77 ... nghien ciru va irng dung vice nang cao chat lugng dao tao chuyen nganh van hoc dan gian Tidp tue day manh va phat buy hui'tng ngbien ethi hen nganb ndi tren mdt thdi gian dai dd lugng bidn chat, de... ky thuat cho phep la mdt giai phip dung ddn nbim tao hieu qua cao viee ap dung ket qua nghien eiiu vao viee nang cao chit lugng giang day Hy vgng ring vdi phuong hudng neu tren sinh vien eua... ly khoa hge tao didu kien vd thdi gian va kinh pbf cho td bd mdn thyc hien tdt edng viee ma kbdng ehi vdi can bd ma ea vdi sinb vien - lye lugng sau trye tidp giang day VHDG nha tmdng 76 Chic