Nghiên cứu trích ly hợp chất màu betalain từ củ dền và ứng dụng trong chế biến nước giải khát

6C3 63 / L 5 TRUONG DAI HOC AN GIANG KHOA NONG NGHIEP & TAI NGUYEN T H I E N NHIEN BO MON CONG NGHE T H U C PHAM NGUYEN THI T R U C L I E N N G H I E N C U U T R I C H L Y HOP C H A T M A U B E T A L A I N T U C U D E N V A U'NG DUNG T R O N G C H E B I E N NlTOfC G I A I K H A T TRUONG D A I HQCl AN GIANG THlJ V I E N BAO CAO KHOA LUAN T O T NGHIEP DAI HOC Nganh hoc: Cong Nghe Thyc Phim Can bo hirdng din: ThS Nguyen Duy Tan KHOA HOC: 2009-2013 An Giang, Thang 05 2013 L6i cam ta Qua bdn nam hoc tap tai trubng Dai Hoc An Giang, dugc sir truyen dat tan tinh cua thay co cung vdi sir giup cua cac ban Horn nhan djp hoan luan van tot nghiep tOi xin dugc gui ldi cam on den: Thay Nguyen Duy Tan da rat nhiet tinh hudng dan va giup de em hoan tdt khoa luan tot nghiep Quy thay co trudng Dai hgc An Giang dac biet la thay co Bo mOn Cong nghe Thuc pham da truyen dat cho em nhung kien thuc that quy bau va huu ich Xin chan cam on cac thay co phu trach phdng thi nghiem Bo mon Cong nghe Thuc pham da tao dieu kien tot nhat cho em thuc hien de tai Xin cam on tat ca cac ban sinh vien lop DH10TP da nhiet tinh giiip ddng vien va gdp y kien de toi hoan tot de tai khoa luan Xin chuc thay cd va cac ban ludn ddi dao sue khde va cdng cdng viec Xin cam on tran trgng kinh chao! An Giang, 13 thang 05 nam 2013 Sinh vien thuc hien Nguyen Thi True Lien Muc luc • • Noi dung Ldi cam ta Muc luc Danh sach bang Danh sach hinh Tom luge Trang 11 v vii ix Chirong Gidi thieu 1.1 Dat van de 1.2 Muc tieu nghien cuu 1.3 Noi dung nghien cuu Chirong Liroc khao tai lieu 2.1 Gidi thieu ve cu den 2.1.1 Gidi thieu 2.1.2 Thanh phan dinh dudng ciia cu den 2.1.3 Tac dung y hgc ciia cii den 2.2 Tong quan ve chat mau tu nhien 2.2.1 So luge ve chat mau 2.2.2 Chat mau betalain 2.3 Cac nguyen lieu phu khac 2.3.1 Nude 2.3.2 Dudng saccharose 2.3.3 Acid citric (acid limonic) 2.3.4 Acid ascorbic 2.3.5 Chit mui 10 2.4 Bao bi dung nghien cuu 11 2.5 Cac qua trinh cdng nghe co ban nghien cuu 12 2.5.1 Qua trinh trich ly 12 2.5.2 Qua trinh loc 13 2.5.3 Qua trinh phdi che 13 2.5.4 Qua trinh trung 14 2.6 Nude giai khat va mot sd dang hu hong thudng gap 16 2.6.1 So luge ve nude giai khat 16 2.6.2 Cac dang hu hong thudng gap nude giai khat 16 2.6.3 Chat lugng nude giai khat 17 2.7 Nghien cuu trudc day 18 Chirong P hirong tien va phirong phap nghien cihi 20 3.1 Phuong tien nghien cuu 20 3.1.1 Dia diem va thai gian thuc hien 20 3.1.2 Nguyen vat lieu, thiet bi can cho thi nghiem 20 3.2 Phuong phap nghien cuu 20 3.2.1 Phuong phap thu thap va xir ly so lieu 20 3.2.2 Quy trinh thi nghiem dir kien 21 3.2.3 Giai thich quy trinh 22 3.3 Noi dung nghien ciru 22 3.3.1 Thi nghiem 1: Khao sat anh hudng ciia nhiet va thdi gian trich ly den mau sac va ham lugng chat tan ciia dich trich ly 22 3.3.2 Thi nghiem 2: Khao sat anh hudng ciia brix va pH den gia tri cam quan cua san pham 23 3.3.3 Thi nghiem 3: Khao sat anh hudng ti le huong dau bo sung den gia tri cam quan ciia san pham 24 3.3.4 Thi nghiem 4: Khao sat anh hudng cua che trung den chat lugng ciia san pham 25 3.3.5 Budc dau khao sat muc chap nhan ciia ngudi tieu dung 26 Chirong Ket qua va thao luan 29 4.1 Phan tich phan nguyen lieu 29 4.2 Anh hudng ciia nhiet va thdi gian trich ly den mau sac va ham lugng chat tan ciia dich trich ly 29 4.3 Anh hudng ciia ti le phoi che dudng va acid den gia tri cam quan ciia san pham 31 4.4 Anh hudng ti le huong dau den gia tri cam quan ciia san pham 34 4.5 Anh hudng ciia che triing den chat lugng san pham 34 4.6 Danh gia chat lugng san pham 41 4.7 Ket qua phan tich phan san pham moi 42 4.8 U'dc tinh gia san pham 43 4.9 Khao sat su chap nhan ciia ngudi tieu dung 43 4.9.1 Thong tin chung ve ngudi tieu dung 44 4.9.2 Thong tin chung ve san pham 44 Chirong Ket luan va khuyen nghj 48 5.1 K i t luan 48 5.2 Khuyln nghi 49 Tai lieu tham khao 50 Phu chirong A pc Phu chuongB pc Phu chuongC pc5 Phu chuongD pc 10 Phu chuong E pc 28 Danh sach bang Stt Noi dung Trang Bang 1: Chi tieu nude sir dung pha che nude giai khat Bang 2: Tieu chuln chit luong dudng theo TCVN 1696 - 75 Bang 3: Kha nang hoa tan ciia acid citric 100 gam nude Bang 4: Tieu chuan acid citric dung thirc pham Bang 5: Chi tieu vi sinh cho nude giai khat khong 18 Bang 6: Phuong phap phan tich cac chi tieu 21 Bang 7: Thanh phan hoa hoc cua nguyen lieu cii den 29 Bang 8: Anh hudng ciia nhiet trich ly den ham luong chat tan tong va hap thu A 29 Bang 9: Anh hudng ciia thdi gian trich ly den ham luong chat tan tong va hap thu A 30 Bang 10: Thong ke diem danh gia cam quan va muc ua thich ciia san pham theo luong dudng bo sung 32 Bang 11: Thong ke diem danh gia cam quan va muc ua thich cua san pham theo luong acid bo sung 32 Bang 12: Thong ke diem cam quan san pham theo luong mui dau bo sung 34 Bang 13: Gia tri F ciia che trung 37 Bang 14: Thong ke diem danh gia cam quan san pham theo nhiet triing 38 Bang 15: Thong ke diem cam quan san pham theo thdi gian triing 38 Bang 16: Anh hudng ciia che triing den tong sd vi sinh vat hieu cua san pham 39 Bang 17: Co sd phan cap chat luong san pham thuc pham dua tren diem chung cd luong 41 Bang 18: Danh muc cac chi tieu cam quan va he sd quan tuong ung ciia san pham nude giai khat 41 Bang 19: Danh gia chat luong san pham nude cu den 42 Bang 20: Thanh phan hoa hoc ciia san pham nude cu den 42 Bang 21: U'dc tinh chi phi phlm (2.200 ml) 43 Bang 22: Ket qua thong ke sd luong ngudi tieu diing dugc dieu tra theo gidi tinh va nghe nghiep : 44 Bang 23: Bang diem danh gia cam quan san pham nude cii din pc Bang 24: Bang diem danh gia muc ua thich theo thang dilm Hedonic pc Bang 25: He sd quan trgng ciia nude giai khat theo TCVN pc Bang 26: Bang tinh ty le dudng pc Bang 27: Anh hirong cua nhiet va thai gian trich ly den ham luong chat tan ciia dich trich pc 10 Bang 28: Anh hudng ciia nhiet va thdi gian trich ly den hap thu A ciia djch trich ly pc 10 Bang 29: Anh hudng cua dudng va acid bd sung den mau sac ciia san pham pc 11 Bang 30: Anh hudng cua dudng va acid bd sung den mui vi ciia san pham pc 12 Bang 31: Anh hudng ciia dudng va acid bd sung den muc ua thich cua san pham pc 13 Bang 32: Anh hudng ti le huong dau tay den mui ciia san pham pc 14 Bang 33: Anh hudng ti le huong dau tay den muc ua thich ciia san pham pc 14 Bang 34: Anh hudng ciia thdi gian va nhiet den mau sac ciia san pham pc 15 Bang 35: Anh hudng ciia thdi gian va nhiet den mui vi ciia san pham pc 15 Bang 36: Anh hudng ciia thdi gian va nhiet den MDUT ciia san pham pc 16 Bang 37: Anh hudng ciia thdi gian va nhiet den hap thu A ciia san pham pc 17 Bang 38: Anh hudng cua thdi gian va nhiet den ham luong vitamin C ciia san pham pc 17 Bang 39: Bien ddi nhiet tarn san pham triing d 75°C pc 19 Bang 40: Bien ddi nhiet tarn san pham triing d 85°C pc 21 Bang 41: Bien ddi nhiet tarn san pham triing d 95°C pc 24 Danh sach hinh Stt Noi dung Trang Hinh 1: Cii den Hinh 2: Mot sd san pham che bien tir cii den Hinh 3: Sir chuyen ddi cau true cua chromophore betanin Hinh 4: d u true chung ciia betacyanin Hinh 5: Cau true chung cua betaxanthin Hinh 6: Cau true hoa hoc ciia saccharose Hinh 7: Cong thuc cau tao acid citric Hinh 8: Cau tao vitamin C Hinh 9: Quy trinh du kiln chi biln nude giai khat tir cu den 21 Hinh 10: Sa dd bd tri thi nghiem 23 Hinh 11: Sa dd bd tri thi nghiem 24 Hinh 12: Sa dd bd tri thi nghiem 25 Hinh 13: Sa dd bd tri thi nghiem 25 Hinh 14: Nude cu den sau trich ly 30 Hinh 15: Anh hudng cua chi trich ly den ham lugng chat tan tong 31 Hinh 16: Anh hudng ciia che dd trich ly den dd hap thu A 31 Hinh 17: Sir thay ddi °Brix va pH theo che dd phdi che dudng va acid 33 Hinh 18: Sir thay ddi dd hap thu A theo che dd phdi che dudng va acid 34 Hinh 19: Bieu dd the hien sir bien ddi nhiet dd tarn san pham theo thdi gian triing d 75°C 35 Hinh 20: Bieu dd the hien sir bien ddi nhiet dd tarn san pham theo thdi gian trung d85°C 36 Hinh 21: Bieu dd the hien sir bien ddi nhiet dd tarn san pham theo thdi gian trung d95°C 36 Hinh 22: Anh hudng ciia che dd trung den ham lugng vitamin C san pham 40 Hinh 23: Anh hudng ciia che dd trung den dd hap thu A 40 Hinh 24: Nhan va san pham nude cu den 42 Hinh 25: Bieu dd khao sat tarn ly ciia ngudi tieu dung quyet djnh chgn mua san pham 44 Hinh 26: Bieu dd khao sat muc dd quen thudc cua san pham nude giai khat tu rau cu vdi ngudi tieu dung 45 Hinh 27: Bieu dd khao sat sir hieu biet cua ngudi tieu dung vdi cu din 45 Hinh 28: Bieu dd danh gia chat lugng san pham ciia ngudi tieu dung 45 Hinh 29: Bieu khao sat mui vi ciia san pham 46 Hinh 30: Bieu khao sat mau sac cua san pham 46 Hinh 31: Bieu khao sat gia san pham (chai 220ml) 47 Hinh 32: Bieu khao sat muc san long ciia ngudi tieu dung san pham co mat tren thi trudng 47 Hinh 33: Quy trinh nghien cuu che bien nude cii den 49 Hinh 34: Brix kd pc Hinh 35: Micro pipet pc Hinh 36: Can phan tich pc Hinh 37: May so mau pc Hinh 38: Thilt bj ddng nip pc Hinh 39: Chuan bj nguyen lieu pc Hinh 40: Nguyen lieu sau xu ly pc Hinh 41: Phan tich chat hoa tan tong pc Hinh 42: Loc nude cii den sau phdi che pc Hinh 43: Thanh triing pc Tom liro'c Cu den dugc coi la mot ngudn thuc pham giau folate, chat sat, calcium, vitamin A vitamin C Cu den cung chua rat nhieu chat xo, kali, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin B , dac biet la hgp chat betalain, day la hgp chat mau huu co thien nhien mau tuoi cua cii den la hdn hgp ciia mau vang (betacyanin) va mau tun (betaxanthin) Ngoai tac dung la chat mau dugc sir dung kha an toan thuc pham tao nhieu mau sac hap dan cho mgi san pham la hgp chat co nhieu hoat tinh sinh hgc qui nhu: chat chong oxy hoa giup bao ve co the chong lai gdc tu Nhieu nghien cuu khoa hgc cho thay hai mau ke tren co the ngan ngira benh tim mach, ung thu Hien nay, cac san pham tir cu den han che Do do, viec "Nghien ciru trich ly hgp chat mau betalain tir cu den va ung dung che bien nude giai khat" la thiet thuc, nham tao mot san pham khong chi de giai khat ma co the ngan benh giup tieu hoa tot Gdp phan da dang hoa san pham dap ung nhu cau cang cao ciia ngudi tieu dirng Thuc hien de tai nay, chiing toi da tien hanh nghien cuu cac noi dung sau: - Khao sat anh hudng ciia nhiet (55°C, 70°C, 85°C va 100°C) va thdi gian trich ly (5 phiit, 10 phut, 15 phut va 20 phut) den chat lugng cam quan djch trich ly - Khao sat anh hudng cua ham lugng dudng (12%, 14%, 16% va 18%) va acid (0,15%, 0.20%, 0,25% va 0,30%) bo sung den gia tri cam quan ciia san pham - Khao sat anh hudng ti le huong dau bd sung (0,03%, 0,05%, 0,07% va 0,09%) din gia trj cam quan ciia san pham - Khao sat anh hudng ciia nhiet (75°C, 85°C va 95°C) va thdi gian (15 phut, 20 phut 25 phut va 30 phut) triing den chat lugng cam quan va chi tieu vi sinh vat - Budc dau khao sat muc chap nhan ciia ngudi tieu dung Qua qua trinh thuc hien nghien cuu chiing toi nit dugc cac thong sd tdi uu nhu sau: - Nguyen lieu cii den trich ly vdi ty le nude 1:15, nhiet dd trich ly 70°C thdi gian 15 phiit cho san pham co gia trj cao (chat hoa tan tong la 0,8543g/100g va dd hip thu A l a 1,138) - Phdi che vdi ty le 16% dudng 0,25% acid (vdi ty le acid citric: acid ascorbic la 1: 1) cho san pham cd mau sac on djnh, sang, dep vj chua nggt hai hoa Vdi ty le huong dau tay 0,07% thi tao cho san pham cd miii thorn hai hoa d l chju - Thanh triing d 85°C thdi gian giu nhiet 20 phiit se tieu diet dugc vi sinh vat dam bao an toan ve sinh thuc pham dat gia trj cam quan cao va ft tdn thlt vitamin C ham lugng san pham la 52,31 mg% dd hip thu A la 0,492 - Ket qua khao sat 90 ngudi thudc ba nhdm ddi tugng la hgc sinh sinh vien: cdng nhan vien chiic va ngudi lao ddng budn ban cho kit qua sau: + Cd 84% ngudi tieu diing danh gia chit lugng san phlm kha tdt: va 69% danh gia mau sac hap din va 78% danh gia mui vj kha tdt Trong dd mui vj va mau sic san pham dugc ngudi tieu diing quan tarn (49%) day la san phlm moi la (25%) va san pham cd xuat xu tir thien nhien giau vitamin (19%) Multiple Range Tests for Vitamin C by Nhiet Method: 95.0 percent LSD Nhiet Count LS Mean LS Sigma Homogeneous Groups 95 12 47.5458 0.323423 X 85 12 50.8458 0.323423 75 12 52.8 0.323423 X X Multiple Range Tests for Vitamin C by Thoi gian Method: 95.0 percent LSD Thoi gian Count LS Mean LS Sigma Homogeneous Groups 30 44.8156 0.373457 X 25 48.2389 0.373457 20 52.6378 0.373457 15 55.8967 0.373457 X X X pc 18 Bang 39: Bien doi nhiet tam san pham trung & 75°C Thai gian t tam Gia trj t tam Gia tri (phut) (15 phut) I (20 pnutj L A A A A U.UUU A T S J J u1 1*7 j IQ X D A -* A A A SQ/1 A A AAA1OO^J n AAATS11o U U U U I W J J U.UUUJVO 1 41