Cac chUdng trinh thuy ldi, chUdng trinh bao tdn va phat trien ngudn lufc (RC & D) hd trg cho cac cdng ddng dia phUdng ngan lii, cung cap nUdc va dam bao chat lugng cua ngudn nUdc[r]
Trang 1VAN HOA - LiCH SU
CHINH SACH BAO VE
OAT NONG NGHIEP CUA MY
1 Tai sao p h a i p h u c hoi d a t
n o n g n g h i e p ?
Cich day 100 nam, dat ndng
nghiep d ba bang thudc mien hac New
England chiem dien tich xa'p xi 50%
tdng dien tich Ngay nay, da't ndng
nghiep cua ba bang thudc bic New
England chiem chUa den 10%) tdng
dien tich, dieu nay the hien mdt suf
chuyen ddi manh me, giam d i n dien
tich da't ndng nghiep' Dat ndng
nghiep thay vi dugc suf dung vio muc
dich canh tic ngiy cing dUOc suf dung
vao nhieu muc dich k h i c nhau, da
dan den nguy eg da't canh t i c ndng
nghiep hi can kiet Cic vumg da't dd'c
khdng cdn dugc sii dung de canh t i c ,
trdng cay lUdng thufc nuta Cdn d phfa
trong cic thung lung, da't dai thudng
la q u i khd cin, khi hau q u i lanh v i
cic trang trai cd dien tich q u i nhd,
khd cd the tien hanh s i n xua't ndng
nghiep n h i m cung cap luong thufc
thufc pham, phuc vu cho nhu c i u cudc
sd'ng cua con ngudi
Tuf thap ky 70 va thap ky 80 cua
the ky XX cho den gin day, tinh trang
di't ndng nghiep bi thu hep trong qua
trinh hien dai boa da dat ra nhiing
t h i c h thufc ldn ddi vdi cac nha hoach
dinh chinh sach va cdng chiing quan
tam, Nhieu phan dien tich dat ndng
nghiep dugc chuyen sang suf dung cho
Le Thi Van Nga
Vien Nghien ciiu Chdu My
cac muc dich xay dufng dd thi, n h i cufa
va cic muc dfch suf dung k h i c vi ldi ich kinh te, Tinh trang da't ndng nghiep bi thu hep da tao ra nhutng nguy cd de dga rat ldn ddi vdi van de
an ninh lUdng thufc, mdi trUdng va can bang he sinh t h i i
Dat ndng nghiep la mdt ngudn liic
tu nhien hutu han va khdng the thay the De cd dugc nhiing phan dien tich da't dai mau md p h i i mat hang ngan nam va can phai ket hdp cac dieu kien khi hau, dia Iy, sinh hgc va van may Da't ndng nghiep cua My cung cap thufc pham va s i n pham gd Vai trd chi phdi cua ndng nghiep My trong nen kinh te toan cau cfing gid'ng nhU vai trd cua OPEC trong linh vufc nang lugng He thd'ng thufc pham v i ndng nghiep cd y nghia quan trgng ddi vdi
c i n can t h a n h t o i n va viec lam cua
g i n 23 trieu ngUdi Tren k h i p ca nUdc, da't ndng nghiep hd trg cho nen
t i n g kinh te ciia nhieu cdng ddng ndng thdn va ngoai t h a n h
Da't ndng nghiep cung tao ra cic sin pham ft cd gia tri thi trUdng, nhUng cd
t i m quan trgng ve mat van hoa va sinh thii Nhfing lgi ich ve mat mdi trUdng
ma da't ndng nghiep cd the mang lai bao gdm nOi cU t n i cua ddng vat hoang
da, khdng khf trong lanh va ngudn nUdc, kiem soat lu, khdi phuc mach nUdc n g i m va giam lUdng khi carbon
Trang 2CHAU MY NGAY NAY SO 12-2009 57
Hien nay, da't n d n g nghiep d My
dang cd n g u y cd suy g i i m nghiem
trpng, dieu n a y ta't n h i e n cd nhiing
anh h u d n g t i e u cufc k h d n g t h e t r i n h
khdi ddi vdi mdi trUdng Theo so lieu
dieu t r a ndng n g h i e p , n a m 1997, c i c
ndng t r a i d 1210 h a t chiu i n h h u d n g
nhieu n h a t cila k h u vufc dd thi da tao
ra 63% s i n p h a m va 86% lUdng hoa
qua v i r a u ^ N g a y nay, n h i e u ngUdi
mong mudn suf d u n g di't cho muc dfch
x i y diing, dac biet, t r o n g bdi c i n h d i n
sd n g i y c i n g t a n g , thi ngay c i n g cd
nhieu dien tich da't ndng nghiep dUdc
suf dung de x i y dufng n h a cufa Trong
hdn 20 n a m qua, dien tich da't de x i y
dufng n h a mdi h i u n h u da t a n g gap
ddi P h i n ldn d a t dai n i y n a m ben
ngoii k h u vufc ndng t h d n hien cd
Tuf n a m 1992 den n a m 1997, hdn
11 trieu m a u da't d n d n g t h d n da dUdc
chuyen ddi v i o c i c muc dich x i y dufng
va p h i t t r i e n k i n h te, t r o n g do hdn
mpt nufa l i da't n d n g nghiep'\ Trong
thdi gian dd, t r u n g b i n h hdn 1 trieu
mau da't ndng n g h i e p dugc p h i t t r i e n
moi n a m
He thd'ng lUdng thufc v i ndng
nghiep d My da ddng gdp g i n 2 nghin
ty USD ddi vdi n e n k i n h te, h a y hdn
13% tdng s i n p h a m qud'c ndi, v i sii
dung 17% lufc lUdng lao d p n g \ Vdi d a n
so' the gidi n g a y c a n g t a n g v i thi
trUdng t o i n cau n g a y c a n g md rdng,
khdi phuc d a t n d n g n g h i e p c u n g l i
mpt suf d i u t u k h d n n g o a n v i o viec
cung ci'p lUdng thufc cua t h e gidi v i cd
hpi kinh te
Thi trUdng c h a u A va My L a t i n h cd
y nghia q u a n t r p n g nha't ddi vdi x u a t
k h a u ndng n g h i e p cua My My
Latinh, t r o n g dd cd Mexico da m u a
t r u n g b i n h k h o a n g 10,6 U S D s i n
pham h i n g hoa n d n g nghiep xua't
k h a u mdi n a m C i c qud'c gia c h a u A
mua k h o a n g 23,6 ty U S D s i n p h a m
ndng nghiep x u a t k h a u cua My mdi
n a m , t r o n g dd chi t i n b rieng N h a t
B i n da chiem k h o i n g 10 ty USD" Va ngUdi tieu d u n g t r e n the gidi ky vong
se m u a dUdc n h i e u s i n pham h a n g
h o i ndng nghiep hdn trong tUdng lai Trong n g i n b a n , suf thieu hut cung lUdng thufc t r o n g nUdc khd cd the x i y
ra Song, Cue dieu t r a Thdng ke cua
My duf d o i n d i n sd' se t a n g 42% trong vdng 50 n a m tdi^ Nhieu qudc gia
d a n g p h i t t r i e n r a t q u a n t i m den v i n
de an n i n h lUdng thiic N a n g s u i t va sii da d a n g ndng nghiep d My cd the
d i m b i o cung cap lUdng thiic va d i m bao cudc sd'ng l i u dai t r e n thi trUdng
t h e gidi NhUng dieu n i y phu thudc
v i o chien lUdc d i u tU n h a m b i o tdn
c i c t i i s i n cd g i i tri, trong dd cd dat ndng nghiep, d i p iing c i u cua the gidi
d a n g t h a y ddi n h a n h chdng
P h u c hdi da't ndng nghiep la mpt suf
d i u t u cho p h i t trien cd sd ha t i n g va
p h i t t r i e n k i n h te Phuc hdi dat ndng nghiep n h a m bd s u n g cho ngan sach cua chinh quyen dia phifdng va tang tai s i n Ngoai ra, c i n h quan thien
n h i e n d ndng t h d n nUdc My cd tiem
n a n g r a t ldn ddi vdi n g a n h kinh doanh du lich
N d n g n g h i e p t n i c tie'p ddng gdp vao cac n e n k i n h te d dia phUdng nhd
d o a n h t h u n d n g n g h i e p , tao cdng an viec l a m , cac dich vu hd trd va kinh
d o a n h L a p ke h o a c h cho ndng
n g h i e p va bao ve d a t ndng nghiep tao r a t i n h l i n h b o a t cho t a n g t r u d n g
v i suf p h i t t r i e n Suf p h i t t r i e n d a t ra chi phi tnic tiep cho c i c cdng ddng, cung nhU cbi phi g i i n tie'p vdi t i n h t r a n g t h u hep da't ndng nghiep v i dat rifng Dat ndng nghiep do tU n h a n sd hutu va
q u a n ly da tao r a nhieu doanh thu
t h u e cho dia phUdng hdn la chi phi ve dich vu C i c chinh quyen dia phUdng
Trang 3d M}' dang nhan thay rang, hp khdng
dii tien de tra gia cho sii p h i t t n e n
khdng cd ke hoach \'iec chuyen ddi
dat san xuat ndng nghiep sang cic
muc dich xay dufng va p h i t t n e n kmh
te da giy ra nhiing t i c ddng tieu cue
ve mat kinh te va mdi tru'dng Vi du
tii giua thap men 80 den giiia thap
men 90 cua the ky XX d i n sd d
Atlanta tang cumg ty le vdi Portland,
song tdc dp tang tru'dng cua Portland
cbl la 2°o trong khi Atlanta tang
trudng gap ddi Atlanta da tang thue
dat 22% trong khi Portland giam
thue dat 29%-\
Dat ndng nghiep cd vai trd cung
cap hang hoi va dich vu phi thi
tru'dng Dat trdng trot va chan nudi
cung cap thiic pham va ndi cU t n i cho
ddng vat hoang da kiem soit lu bao
ve dat am va ngudn nu'dc dam bao
chat lu'dng khdng khi Dat ndng
nghiep cd the hap thu va Ipc nu'dc thai
va cung cap ngudn nu'dc sach
Vdi gan 1 ty man dat d cic trang
trai dat ndng nghiep d My chiem mdt
phan dien tich rat ldn Hoat dpng
canh tic ndng nghiep cd tic ddng
quan trpng ve mat smh thai Vi vay
viec chuyen ddi dat ndng nghiep tdi
cic muc dich xay diing va p h i t t n e n
kinh te xet ve lau dai se cd nhieu tic
dpng tieu ciic ddi vdi chat lugng mdi
tru'dng va cudc sdng cua con ngudi
tren khap toan cau
Q u i trinh phat t n e n kmh te manh
me dudng nhu cang lam t r i m trpng
them van de d nhiem mdi tru'dng va
cac ngudn nUdc gay ra nguy cd lii lut
Viec bao tdn va p h i t t n e n dat ndng
nghiep chinh la giai p h i p tdi Uu de
dat dugc va gianh lai nhutng Ipi ich
lien quan den mdi trudng va xa hdi
ddng thdi giam rhieu nhutng t i c ddng
tieu cue ddi vdi tu nhien va cudc sd'ng
cua con ngu'di
2 Cac c h i n h sach bao ton dat
n o n g n g h i e p ciia c h i n h phu My
Han h i n nam 1931 da tan cdng viing ddng b i n g rdng ldn phia nam nu'dc IMy Mua xuan nam 1935 bao tuyet tran ve da gay thiet hai ldn che ndng dan d cic vumg ndng thdn nUdc
My Han h i n , bao bun va suy thoai kinh te lien tie'p de doa tdi cudc sd'ng cua ngudi ndng dan khien thu nhap cua ndng dan giam manh Nhieu ngu'di tim each tuf bd s i n xua't ndng nghiep, song h i u bet ndng dan deu trdng chd sii trg giup cua chinh quyen lien bang nham bao ve da't va duy tri san xuat ndng nghiep
Dap lai suf cau vien cua ndng dan, chinh phu ban hanh Luat Dieu chinh Ndng nghiep vien trg mdt k h o i n tien cho nhutng ndng dan chiu thiet hai do han h i n L i n d i u tien chinh quyen lien bang cung tham gia vao viec xay diing ke hoach bao tdn da't ndng nghiep d vumg cd bao bui T h i n g 3 nam 1933 Cue Lam \TI thufc hien ke hoach trdng cay de chan gid va ngan
lu Nam 1942 Cue Lam \-u tiep tuc trdng rifng de ngan gid va bao ve cic trang trai Theo duf i n nay chinh quyen lien bang da cd nhutng t h o i thuan vdi ngifdi ndng dan ve viec sif dung da't trdng cay Cue L i m vu khdng chi tra tien thue da't cho ndng dan de trdng cay ma cdn tra tien de
hg canh t i c Ddi vdi nhieu ndng dan day la nhiing khoan tien cd y nghia quan trgng trong thdi ky khd khan Cac cd quan phu trach ve van de
t i i dinh cU va an ninh ndng nghiep da
t n e n khai mgt chugng trinh lien quan den viec suf dung da't n h a m cd' gang kiem soit tinh trang d nhiem mdi tru'dng Nam 1935, cd quan phu trach van de t i i dinh cU da tien hanh chUdng trinh mua da't nham phuc hdi
Trang 4CHAU MY NGAY NAY SO 12-2009 59
dat b i n g nhutng bien p h i p b i o tdn da't
hieu qua nha't Cd q u a n p h u t r i c h van
de t i i dinh cU va a n n i n h ndng nghiep
dam n h a n ccng viec n a y v i o n a m
1937 N a m 1938, Cd q u a n b i o tdn dat
canh t i c tiep q u a n cdng viec nay Cd
quan b i o tdn d a t c a n h t i c (Soil
Conseravation Service) thudc Bd Ndng
nghiep My dUdc t h a n h lap n a m 1935
n h a m giiip ndng d a n bao tdn da't ndng
nghiep Cd q u a n hao tdn da't canh t i c
cung cap tai c h i n h v i chuyen gia
n h a m hd trd ndng d i n ufng d u n g cic
bien p h i p chd'ng xdi mdn t r o n g ndng
nghiep Cd t h e ndi, t r o n g q u i t r i n h b i o
tdn dat ndng nghiep, chd'ng lai sU xdi
mdn v i suf t i n p h i cua t h i e n nhien,
chinh quyen lien b a n g cd mdt y nghia
r a t q u a n trgng t r o n g viec dieu tiet suf
phat trien ciia n g i n h ndng nghiep My
v i phuc hdi da't ndng nghiep
Bd Ndng n g h i e p My da cd ri't n h i e u
chinh s i c h bao tdn n h a m b i o ve
ngudn lufc tuf n h i e n v i mdi trUdng
Luat An n i n h Ndng n g h i e p v i D a u t u
Ndng thdn n a m 2002 da md rdng tai
trd cho c i c chUdng t r i n h bao tdn
ngudn lufc tuf n h i e n , t a p t r u n g vao viec
gia t a n g c i c chUdng t r i n h lien q u a n
den da't ndng n g h i e p
Mpt so' phUdng thufc c a n h t i c , nhU
khai t h i c v i bdn p h a n q u a n h i e u cd
the gay t h o a i h o i cac n g u d n lufc tuf
nhien, t r o n g k h i cac phUdng thutc
k h i c n h u bao t d n da't cho ddng v a t
hoang da cd t h e cumg cd' n g u d n lufc tU
nhien Cac n h i h o a c h d i n h chinh s i c h
quan t a m n h i e u hdn v i d i u tU n h i e u
hdn cho c i c chUdng t r i n h bao tdn
ngudn lufc tuf n h i e n , b i o ve mdi trUdng
va giam nhutng n g u y cd gay t i c h a i
ddi vdi mdi trUdng
N a m 2007, dii t i n h cac quy bao tdn
ngudn lufc tuf n h i e n se cd g i i tri gap
ddi c i c quy bao tdn t h e o duf l u a t ndng
nghiep 1996-2001, t r o n g dd 2/3 gia tri
cua c i c quy b i o tdn t a p t r u n g vao dat canh t i c
C i c chUdng t r i n h b i o tdn dat ndng nghiep la mpt p h i n trong nd lufc cua chinh quyen Lien b a n g n h i m b i o ve
v i duy tri ngudn liic tii nhien NhUng
nd lufc b i o tdn va q u i n ly dat bao gdm
c i da't ndng nghiep, nhUng cung xoay
q u a n h c i c chUdng t r i n h cua Cue Lam
vu Cue Q u i n ly dat va c i c cd quan
q u a n ly k h i c cua Lien bang
Chi tieu cho b i o tdn dat ndng nghiep chi chiem k h o i n g 1,7% trong tdng mute chi tieu n h i m b i o ve cic ngudn liic tuf n h i e n cua chinh quyen Lien b a n g l i 32,7 ty USD n a m 2004^
C i c chUdng t r i n h b i o tdn ndng nghiep cua Bp Ndng nghiep My noi
c h u n g bao gdm:
- C i c chUdng t r i n h phuc hdi da't ngufng sii d u n g da't cho s i n x u a t ndng nghiep t r o n g mpt thdi gian d i i (it nha't 10 n a m )
- C i c chUdng t r i n h canh t i c dat cung cap suf hd trd ve cdng nghe va tai chinh cho ngudi ndng d a n n h a m dUa vao ufng d u n g c i c phUdng thufc b i o tdn da't cho s i n xua't ndng nghiep
- C i c chUdng t r i n h bao tdn dat mua mdt so' quyen suf d u n g da't n h a t dinh,
n h a m duy t r i da't cho muc dich s i n xui't ndng nghiep
- Bp Ndng nghiep My hd trd ndng
d a n ve m a t ky t h u a t , cdng nghe de cai
t h i e n mdi trUdng t r o n g q u i t r i n h s i n xua't ndng nghiep
T h d n g qua chUdng t r i n h phuc hdi da't ndng nghiep, ndng dan n h a n dUdc tien t h u e da't ciing vdi chi phi va sU trd giiip ve ky t h u a t n h a m phuc hdi da't, vi viec k h a i t h i c dat la cd b a n va da't ndng nghiep c i n dUdc phuc hdi
T r o n g giai doan tuf 1985 den 2000,
g i n 50% k h o a n chi tieu ciia Bp Ndng nghiep cho bao tdn da't ndng nghiep l i
d a n h cho c i c chUdng t r i n h phuc hdi
Trang 5da't Nam tai khoa 2000, 90% sd tien
dugc chi t r i cho viec bao tdn da't ndng
nghiep dUdc t r i tnic tie'p cho ndng
dan sd hiiu da't^
ChUdng trinh Duf trQ Bao tdn (CRP)
dugc trien khai sau khi cd duf luat
ndng nghiep nam 2002 Sau khi
ChUdng trinh n i y dugc trien khai,
dien tich da't dUdc bio tdn da tang tuf
34,4 trieu len den 39,2 trieu mau da't'°
ChUdng trinh Duf trut da't am
(WRP) da l i m tang dien tich da't
dUdc bid tdn tii 1,075 trieu m i u len
den 2,275 trieu mau Duf luat ndng
nghiep cung i p dung cho 250.000
mau da't mdi mdi n a m "
ChUdng trinh b i o tdn di't ndng
nghiep v i chan nudi gia siic (FRPP)
nham t i i trd cho cac chinh quyen
bang, bp tpc hay chfnh quyen dia
phUdng v i cic td chufc cua tU nhan de
mua quyen p h i t trien va duy tri da't
cho s i n xua't ndng nghiep Trong giai
doan 1996-2001, chUdng trinh bio tdn
di't ndng nghiep va chan nudi gia sue
nhan dUdc tdng cdng hdn 50 trieu
USD mdi nam Theo duf luat ndng
nghiep nam 2002, chUdng trinh nay
se dUdc t i i trd 597 trieu USD trong
giai doan tuf 2002-2007
ChUdng trinh duf trU da't trdng cd
(GRP) dUdc trien khai n h i m cai thien
v i bio tdn ddng cd theo nhUng t h o i
thuan cho thue d i i ban (10, 15, 20, 30
nam hoac lau hdn) Theo duf luat ndng
nghiep, quy tai trg trong chugng trinh
nay len den 254 trieu USD trong 6
nam Trong giai doan tuf 2003-2005,
chUdng trinh n i y da tai trd cho ndng
dan 177 t n e u USD'^
Chifdng trinh Bio tdn Khan cap
(ECP) giup ndng d i n khdi phuc da't
ndng nghiep hi t i n p h i bdi thien tai
Dac biet, chUdng trinh nay ciing
n h i m giai quye't cic van de nhu da't
dai bi suy mdn, giim nang sui't da't,
hay q u i trinh khdi phuc da't dai ddi hdi chi phi q u i td'n kem de'n mufc can
cd suf trg giiip cua chinh quyen lien bang de dUa da't dai vao suf dung trong muc dfch canh t i e ndng nghiep, hay da't dai bi tan p h i den mufc khd cd the phuc hdi d khu vufc dd
Cac chUdng trinh thuy ldi, chUdng trinh bao tdn va phat trien ngudn lufc (RC & D) hd trg cho cac cdng ddng dia phUdng ngan lii, cung cap nUdc va dam bao chat lugng cua ngudn nUdc
Khi nen kinh te trang trai phat
trien, ndng dan ngay cang nhan thiic dUdc r i n g , cac chinh sach cua chinh phii da t i c ddng de'n Idi nhuan san xuat
v i kinh doanh ndng nghiep Trg cap va cic chinh sach ndng nghiep cd the hd trd cho ndng dan va viec san xua't, tieu thu cac hang hoa ndng pham trong nhiing giai doan khd khan Ben canh
dd, chinh sach dat ndng nghiep cua chinh phu ddng mdt vai trd vd ciing quan trgng trong hoat ddng ndng nghiep Cac van ban luat ve quyen sd hutu, su dung da't dai va muc dich suf dung da't ndng nghiep cd vai trd dang
ke trong viec khuyen khich ndng dan canh tic, s i n xua't hang hoa ndng pham nham cung cap day du cho nhu ciu ve lUdng thufc thufc pham ciia tat ca cic khu vufc khac trong nen kinh te,
d i p ufng muc tieu xua't khau hang hoa, nang cao chat lugng cudc sd'ng cua con ngUdi Nhan thufc ve tam quan trgng ciia cic chinh sach da't ndng nghiep cua Chinh phu the hien sau sic d nhiing khu vufc cd quy md da't ndng nghiep han hep va d ndng thdn Tai cac khu vufc dd thi, ngudi dan dudng nhU khdng
cd nhan thufc thich dang ve tam quan trgng cua da't ndng nghiep trong qua trinh s i n xua't va trong nen kinh te
3 Ket qua thufc h i e n
T^i My, cd 19 bang va 41 chinh quyen dia phUdng da thufc hien chUdng
Trang 6CHAU MY NGAY NAY SO 12-2009 61
trinh m u a quyen p h i t t r i e n da't ndng
nghiep (PDR) C i c chUdng t r i n h m u a
quyen p h i t t r i e n d a t dai d cac b a n g
tren nUdc My da tieu td'n g i n 1,4 ty
USD va bao ve dUdc 922 m i u di't ndng
nghiep, trong k h i dd c i c chUdng t r i n h
mua quyen p h i t t r i e n da't cua c i c
chinh quyen dia phUdng da tieu td'n
604 trieu U S D va b i o ve t h e m 214
m i u di't ndng n g h i e p O cap dp lien
bang, chudng t r i n h Bao ve d a t trdng
trpt va c h a n nudi cua chinh quyen lien
bang da tieu td'n k h o a n g 53 t r i e u USD
trong giai doan tuf 1996-2001 Tinh
de'n n a m 2 0 0 i , chUdng t r i n h b i o ve
dat ndng nghiep cua chinh quyen lien
h a n g da b i o ve k h o a n g 108.000 m i u
dat ndng nghiep^l
ChUdng t r i n h Duf trut Bao tdn (CRP)
theo du l u a t n d n g n g h i e p My 2002 da
bao ve dugc 39,2 t r i e u m i u d a t ndng
nghiep ChUdng t r i n h Dut trU d a t am
da bao ve dUdc 2,275 t r i e u m i u di't
nong nghiep vao n a m 2 0 0 2 ' \
ChUdng t r i n h B i d ve^ da't trdng trpt
va chan nudi (FRPP) n h i m cung cap ve
mat t i i chinh de m u a quyen p h i t trien
d i t dai, duy tri muc dich suf dung dat
nong nghiep cho trdng trpt v i chan
nudi N a m 2003, chUdng t r i n h da tieu
td'n 75 trieu U S D va hao ve dUdc g i n
120.000 m i u da't ndng n g h i e p "
ChUdng t r i n h duf trU da't t r d n g cd
(GRP) da tao cd hdi cho ndng d i n b i o
ve, phuc hdi va p h a t t r i e n ddng cd
tren da't dai cua hp
Nam 2007, ChUdng trinh^ B i o tdn
Khan cap (ECP) da p h a n bd 16 trieu
USD cho 18 h a n g d My ChUdng t r i n h
n i y tap t r u n g vao c i c vumg b a n h a n ,
bao lut va da hd trd ra't n h i e u cho ndng
dan trong viec s i n xua't ndng nghiep^^
ChUdng t r i n h Bao t d n va P h i t t r i e n
ngudn lufc (RC&D) la mdt cdng cu
chinh s i c h cua My n h a m t a n g cUdng
bao tdn v i p h i t t r i e n n g u d n lufc t y
nhien, t a n g cUdng h o a t ddng k i n h te,
cai thien mdi trUdng v i n a n g cao mufc
sdng ChUdng t r i n h nay cung thiey lap va c i i t h i e n he thd'ng dieu phdi d
c i c k h u vufc ndng thdn Thiic te, ngUdi ndng d a n d vumg ndng thdn nUdc My
da dUdc suf trd giiip r a t ldn tif chUdng
t r i n h nay, va chinh p h u cung dat dUdc muc tieu b i o tdn c i c ngudn lufc tii
n h i e n t h d n g qua chUdng t r i n h n i y
0 My, n g i y cang cd nhieu ngUdi
q u a n t a m de'n g i i tri xa hdi cua dat ndng nghiep khi dien tich dat nong nghiep d a n g bi t h u hep do suf dung vao
c i c muc dich p h i t trien cdng nghiep, dich vu khac C i c muc tieu q u i n ly ngudn lufc tuf nhien vao d i u the ky 21
k h i da dang, bao gdm: dn dinh lUdng cung cap lUdng thufc, b i o ve ngudn nUdc, b i o ve da dang sinh hpc, bao tdn khdng gian md C i c muc tieu nay cung
la n h d n g van de t h i c h thufc dat ra khdng chi ddi vdi c i c n h i hoach dinh chinh s i c h ma ddi vdi t o i n the nUdc
My ciing nhU cdng ddng the gidi •
Tdi lieu tham khdo:
1 Conservation and Enviroment
http://www,usda.gov/documents/FarmBill07consenvs um.pdf
2 Dennis Keeney, Loni Kemp, 2003 A New
Agricultural Policy for the United States
www.mnproject.org/pdf/A%20New%20Agriculture'!(,2 0Policy%20for%20the%20U.S,%20by".,20Dennis%2 0Keeney%20%20Lo pdf
http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/81931.pdf
3 Nganh nong nghiep My: Tam quan trong dang thay doi
http;//vietnamese,Vietnam.usembassy,gov/doc_usecon omy_viii.html
4 Sanaz Memarsadeghi, Raj Patel, 2003 Agricultural
Restructuring and Concentration in the United States: Who wins, who
/ose.9? http://www.foodfirst.oi-g/pubs/policy/pb6.pdf
Chu thich:
I) http://vietnamese.Vietnam,usembassy.gov 2); 4) Agriculture Fact Book,
3); 5) Agricultural Statistics, www usda,gov 6); 7) U.S Census Bureau
8); 9); 13) www usda.gov 10); 14) hUp;//www.nrcs,usda.gov/programs/crp/
I I ) http://www.nrcs,usda.gov/Programs/WRP/
12) http://www.nrcs.usda,gov/programs/GRP/
15) http://www,nrcs,usda.gov/programs/frpp/
16)http://www.fsa.usda,gov/FS.A/webapp','area
=home&subject=copr&topic=ecp