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[B.B Bunorpayos, 1972, c 38]
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MunociapcKnH, M B Ilanos, 1981, c 309; A.A Llaxmatos, 1941, c 424; JIB IIep6a., 1957, c 78; H.I' IoaHos, 1967, c 225; A.H IBo3nep, 1967, c 294; I'paMMaTnka-70, c 367; A.A KaMBIHHHa: ( nonynpeduxamuenoix ., 1974, c 33;
A.B BboHnapko, I976, c 136; IpaMMaTnka-80, T L, c 646] KaK (ÙopMa T7IATO/Ia
7€€IPHuACTH€ Õb€/IHHS€TCW € T/JIATOJIOM KAT€TODH"MH BH/13, BD€M€HH, 387I0TA H
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Trang 12BD€M€HH COB€DII€CHHOTO BH/13 ©€HIỀ HACTOIbKO riyOOKO HW ODTAHHH€CKH CJIHTBI C CHCT€MOHÍ TJIATOJIA, HTO HAD€WH4 Õ€CCHLJIbHbI IIHDOKO BTWHYVTb HX B CBOIO OpOHTy” [B.B Bunorpayos, 1972, c 313]
[B.A boroponwnnknl, I9535, c 105; JLA by/1axoBcKnli, 1952, c 188; B.A
Tpodumop, 1957, c 223]
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Trang 13HIpH3HaK npw3Haka” [M.B llaHos, 1970, c 4| wu oỐ1anaeT seKcuKo- TrpaMMaTHYeCKUMH KaTerOpHAMH BUA HW 3alora, â TâK3K€ HOJIYHA€T CBO€OỐDA3HBI€ CHHTAKCHH€CKH€ 3Haq€HH1 BDeM€HH B Ip€7/IO?KeHmn [H.kO) IIIpenopa, 1973, c 66- 76]
Kak CMCIIaHHVIO HACTb €HW /I€€IpHdacTH€E paccMaTpHBaer A.M
[leIIKOBCKHII, OTM€Ha4, WTO /€€IDHHACTH€, KOTODO€ CỐJIH3KA€TC1 HO IDH3HAKYV H€H3M€HI©MOCTH C Hapeuvem, COM KaeTCA HW C€ TJIATOJIOM, TâK KâK €€IDHHACTHEO
CBOHCTB€GHHBI KATCITODHH BHj1IA, BDCMCHH H 3đJIOFTA, KOTODHC XapakTeCpHbl VIA
r/aroJa |A.M IleinikoBcKmli, 1956, c 104]
1.2 Bonpoc 0 BpemeHHOM 3HAH4€CHHH /JI€€IHIDHHACTHH H 0 CTO
CHHTAKCHW€CKOH (ÌYHKHHH
1.2.1 BoHDoC 0 6D€MCGHHOM 3H-AU€HHH Oeenpuyacmua
t]ĨTO KaCa©€TC1 BD©M€HHOTO 3HAH€HHX+ /I€€IIDHHACTHI, TO IIO 2TOMV BOIIDOCV
CYII€CTBVIOT CJI€YIOIIH€ TOWKH 3D©€HH1:
đ) “JJ€€IIDHuacTH1 H€ HM€IOT CaMOCTOST€JISHOTO BD€M€HHOTO 3HAH€HH1, OHH H€ ÕO3HđAHAIOT BD€MCHH IIO OTHOIICHHIO K MOM€HTY peu Onn ÕO3HAHAIOT
IID€/II€CTBYIOIIIW€ OCHOBHOMY /I€lCTBHIO (B H€MHOTHX CJIYHAãX - HOCJI€JTVIOIHH€ B
OTHOIICHHH OCHOBHOTO /elfcTBH1)” [[paMMaTnka-60, c 52I| /leenpwwuacTns
HM€IOT H€ ÕCOJIOTHO€, OTHOCHT€JIbHO€ BpeMa [Œ.EI Byclaen, 1959, c 379; A.M IleinkoBckmli, 1956, c 126; A.H IBo3nep, 1973, c 388-389; A.B boH/napKo,
1965, c 47; IpaxMaTnka-70, c 361; A.A KaMbiHHHa, 1974, c 33; ÏpaMMaTHNKA-
80, T I, c 672 u npyTne], T € X BDCM€HHOIÏÍ ILIAH OIID€JI€JII€TCI H€ MOM€HTOM peu, a BPeCMeCHHbIM IUIAHOM JIpyroro /I€ÍCTBH1, BBIDAK€HHOTO T7IaroIoOM [B.B BnHorpaos, 1972, c 309; A.B BboHnapro, 1976, c 112]
Œ®opwooØpa3yIommwe cy((HKCBI /I€€IDHUACTH% CJI€HYEOIHIH€: -đ (-) J1 I€€IIDHUACTH1 H€COB€DIICHHOTO BHJA, -đ(~), -đ, -đ// 1 -1/ JU11 T€€IIDHIACTHS COBepmIeHHOro BUA XOTA STH CyPMUKCHI BJI1OTCS BD€M€HHBIMH Cy((HKCaAMH,
Trang 14OHH “BC€ ?K€ He YKa3bIBalOT CaMH 110 C©ẴÕ€ Hã BD©M€HHOC 3HAW€HHW€ /I€€IDWdaACTHS” [IT pammatuka-60, T I, 521]
6) JIpyrue wcC/I€IOBAT€JIH, IDH3HABA1 B3AHMO/ICCTBH€ BH7A H BD€MCHH, CHHTAIOT, TO HX B3AHMO/I€ÍCTBH€ H€ CBO/HTCI K IIOTJIOIICHHIO BHIOM BD€M€HH [A.A Kampranna, 1974, c 132]
JJeeIpwwacTrwe B CHJIY CBO€lÍ CHHTAKCHH€CKOlÍ 33BHCHMOCTH CaMO 110 ceOe He MOXKECT JIOKAIM30BaTb BbICKa3bIBaHHe BO BPeMeHH Bpemsa Ha3blIBaeMOrO UM
JICHCTBHA MBICJIMTCA B OTHOLICHHH K BPCEMCHHOH TOUKe OTCYeTA, KOTOPbIM MO*KEeT
ObITb WIM MOMCHT peu, WIM JevcTBue, Ha3BaHHOe /IDYTHM T7IATOJIOM ““ÏaKHM o060pa30M, BpeMaA /I€€IIDHUACTH1 H€ #6/1G1H1G9 HH“ COỐCHMG€GHHO ỐCOJHOIHHĐLM, HH COƠCII6GGHHO OWHOCUfe1pHbi ” [M.A CanaMa, 1977, c 25]
BH€JI4IOTCHI CJ€/TIYIOIHHC BD€M€GHHBI 3HAq€HH1 /€€IDHMACTHH:
€€IHHACTH1, ÕPA3OB8HHBI€ OT T/IATOJIOB COB€DIICHHOTO BH7/13, MOTYT HA3bIBATb
€HCTBH€, IDOHCXO/IIII€€ OHOBD©M€HHO_ C /IDYTHM I€HCTBH€M, IID€/II€CTBYIOIIe© CMY HJIH CJICJIYIOIICC 34 HHM; /JI€CHIDHUACTHW, OỐPA3OBAHHBIC OT T/IATOJIOB
H€COB€PIHI€HHOTO BH/IA, - OIHOBD€M€HHO€ W IDejuIiecTBytrormee [|B.B BwHorpa/IoB,
1972, c 308-318]
Mbi IDH€P3KHBA©MCH MHCHHI O TOM, 4TO /€€HDHUACTHSIM CBOMCTBeCHHO OTHOCHT€JIbHO€ ÕO3HAH€HHW€ BD©M€HH, 1€D€3 IIOCD€/ICTBO TOTO rylarosia, KOTOPOMy IIOJIHHH€HO /I€€IIDHMACTEE:
l) B ocHOBHOM /€€IpHHACTHC H€CO6@J1€HHOZ2O Buda ÕO3HaWaeT /©lCTBHWe, OJHOBpeMeHHOe C€ /IClCTBH€M TJIATO.JIa ÏaK, OHO MO?K€T ÕO3HAWATb IIDOII€/III€€ BD€M1, HACTO4II€€ BDeM1 H ÕYy/IyIIee BpeM4 Bo BCex 2TWX C/IYdẫx Õa 1€lfCTBH4 COB€DIIAIOTC1 OIHOBDeMe€HHO HanpwMep:
llpoBowads mena, ØaØwKA cođemoeana (M IlopbKnH Miou
yHu6eepcumemopet)
Cuaa u méxa nod Kycmamu, oHU Kypsam nanupocol (M ToppKui Mou yHu6eepcumemopet)
Trang 15Moi 6ydem nivime no pexe, mobOysch Oepeeamu (mpuMep [Bo3nepa): [A.H
- ÕO3HaH€HH€ ID€/II€CTBVIOIIETO /I€lCTBH1 OỐBIHHO HÃJIO/IA€TC1 TOT/JA, KOT7IA I€€IDPHWACTW€ IID€/IHIICCTBV€T T2I1arO.1y HaIpHMeP:
Bctapas Ha pacceéeme, OHđ CHÿCKdIđCb 6 KỳXHK 1 GMGCHM€ C KyxapKOU
2omoeusia 3aKycKy K q2 (M ['opbKHHI O1! yHU6G€DCWm€fmbl)
Pasa 06a 6 200 Oviean 6 MocKee t, BO3BDAIHBHCb O7HVỊđ, 1MÿMHO PACCKQ3bI16AI CKA3KU O MOM, KAK npeycneearom cmonuunole npomMeiuexHuKu (M Toppxuit /Jeno Apmamonoeoix)
- O3HAH€HH€ HOCJI€NYIOIICTO /I€ÍCTBH4 HÃJIO/IA€TCS TOIJHA, Kora 7€€IDHWACTH€ CTOHT IOC.I€ T7Iaro.1a HanpHMeP:
XOXO BbIOUPAN KHUZU 3 U6MOỊGHđ, CTAB1 1X Hđ nOJ1Kÿ y neuku (M FopbKHĂ
Mou yuueepcumemoi)
Xoxol u AKCUHbA 6bIHOCAM U3 NA6KU moBap, CIlycKad e2o 6 oOBpae (M
Toppxun Mou yHueepcumemot)
“SH B TOM HW pyroM cylyyae BCJI€CICTBH€C HIOBTODHOCTH /J€ÍCTBHI,
ÕO3H8WA€MBIX T7JIATO/IOM H /I€€IDHUWACTH€M, OHH BBICTVIIAIOT HA BCỀM IDOM€?KYTK€ BD€M€HH WX COB€DIII€HH1 KaK OIHOBD€MeEHHhIe€” [A.H Ï'Bo3nep, 1973, c.389]
JJeeIpwdacTu# H€COB€DHICHHOTO BH7A, ÕO3HAWAIOIIW€ IID€/IIICTBVIOIIH€
ÄaKTHI IHDH IOBTODHHIX JICHCTBUAX, COIMKAEOTCA C JICCHIPHMHACTHZIMH COBCDITHCHHOTFO
Trang 16BHa; TAK MOX%KHO ObI CKa3aTb: 6cMae Ha pacceeme, Bo3z6pamu6lUCb OMMyOa, HO 2TO 34T€MHHIO Obl OTTCHOK MOBTOPHOCTH XapakTepHoO, 4TO TIpH 3amMeHe JI€€IIPHUACTH% TJATOJIOM BO3MOXKHO HCHOJIb3OBAHH€ OOOHX BHIOB: Kak CHHOHHMMHHBI© VIOTPpe€G14IOTC1 (ÌODMHI HACTOSIIETO ÒÒIIEHHOTO H€COB€DII€HHOTO W ÕYYII€TO IIDOCTOTO, HAHDHM€P: (2 ecmắm Hua pacceeme, CnyCKaemca 6 KYXHIO U eMeCcMe C KYXapKOU 2omoeum 3aKycKY K tai2 WU Ha 6cmanem Ha pacceeme, cnycmumcaA 6 KXHIO U 6MeCMe C KyxapKOtl 2omoeum 34KVCKV K aro Tak xe: 6036paljaemcA OIHMVỊA, ULYMHO paccKa3bigéaem H 6o36pamumca ommyoa, U4ÿMHO paccKa3zvieaem |A.H TBo3zes, 1973, c.390]
1) Jleempwyactue coéeepwennoeo e6euda OObIMHO OOO03HaYaeT JeHCTBHe, IP€HHI€CTBYIOII€€ /I€ÏCTBHIO I/IA4TOJIA, KOTODOC MO?3KCT OTHOCHTbCA Kak K IDOIHI€/IICMY, TâK H K ÕY/YII€MV Bp©eM€HH: B€pHVBIIHCb Ha poduny, Ò01MÈ1 6cex ỊÐpy3e#i (OƠOHIỂJ IIOCJIE TOFO, KAK B€PHVIC"); B€DHYVBIHIHCb #đ ØOỞMHÿ, # o60fiỊy đcex ỊDy3efi (CHawa11a BeDHVCb, 3aTeM OƠ0lTY - IpHMepbi A.H I'BO3neBa) OOo3HayeHHe IID€/III€CTBYIOHI€TO /I€HCTBHA HÃ7IO/IA€TCI H Torga, Kora 7J€€IDHHACTH€ CTOHT II€D€JI TJIATOJIOM (4), WH TOT/A, KOI/I3 /I€CIDHHACTH€ CTOHT IIoC1Ie T71aro.1a (6) HanpnMep:
yHu6eepcumemopet)
B nepeoie ace OHU A Y6UOAI, C KAKOU Mpa2u4e CKO NEUA/IbIO MAJICHbKAA Cepad 6Ị06đ, TIPHAA C Oazapa U pa3NOHKUB NOKyNKU HA CMoNe KyXHU, Peuala mpyoHyto 3adauy (M Voppxui Mou ynueepcumemo!)
6) Ona yuiia u3 KyxXHU, OPOCHB HA cmos nyYoK MopKoé6u (CHaYala Opocusa, a IOTOM V14) (M I'opbKnli ÄÍO1 yHueepcumemoti)
Bopye ynail, HaCKOUKB Hđ ue1066Kđ (HaCKOWHJI UH OT 9TOrO yas) (M ToppKui
Mou yuueepcumemoti)
Ho 9:Tu ÒIIH€ 3HAHCHH1 B HCKOTOPHBIX VCJIOBHAX OCJIO?KHIIOTCI, H BMCCTO HHX BHICTYHAK7T /IPYTHC OTHOIHCHH1 BO BPCMCHH MOK]Y TC€IIDHHACTHCM H T›21AI0/I0M
Trang 172) CTOMII€€ HOCII€ TJIATOJIA /I€€IDHHACTH€ CO6G21GHHOZO GuỊđ MO%KeT OƠO3HAWaTb HOCJI€/yEOIIee /nelfcrBHwe lÏpH 23TOM HaÕTIO/A€TC1 Ba p43p1IA HO
6) Jleempuyactue ÕO3HadaeT /I€HCTBH€, KOTODOC ỐBICTPO CJI€HY€T 3a
7€fCTBH€M TJIATO/1A, HO H€ BbIT€KA€T H3 ©efCTBH1 T/JIaroJ1a HanpnMeP:
Al cel Ha NOM, IOJU1OKHB 0Ị CeÕ51 ky1aK (ce1 w no7103KHT) (M [OpbKHH
Mou yuueepcumemoti)
Ox 6pocun nanupocKy Ha 3eMJ1I0, PaCTONTaB eé Oeyua yOapamu Hoeu (Opocusi
H pacToInra7) (M ['opbKnli Ĩ ø2eoe dunocoguu)
OInpe/€e/IeHH©€ IIODd/KA /I€HCTBH1 33BHCHT, TâAKHM OOpa30M, OT 3HadeHHA
TJaATOJa H /neenpwdacTma lĨO3TOMY B OTHI€JIbHBIX C/IYdAãX HIODHIOK /I€ÍCTBH1
OCT8ÈETC1 H€BBIDA?K€eHHbBIM [A.H I'Bo3/en, 973, c 390] HanpwMep:
- A? - CHDOCMI ÍGMMH, TOIIKHVB M€HS JIOKM€M (TOJIKHVJT W CHDOCHI HJIH CIIDOCH.I H TOJIKHV.T?) (M IopbKnfli Yyocue 001)
- Ilocname mMue Haoo, - CKa3a/1 OH, TIPUKPbIB 27a3a (CKa3alI W TIDHKDBLI HJIH IIDHKpELI H cKa3aJ12) (M I'opbKHHI t⁄2Cwe s1100u)
3) Ha3BaHHbI€ OTT€HKH Bp€M€HH (đ H 6) y /I€€IIDHHACTHI DA3BHBAIOTC1 CDABHHT€JIbHO H€/IABHO BO3MOKHOCTEb /JJI1 /I€€IDHHACTHH COB€DHI€HHOTO BHJlA, CTOSIHIWX HOCJI€ IJIATO/IA, ÕO3HAHATb BM€CTO ID€/II€CTBVIOHI€TO IOCJI€JTYIOIIe© I€HCTBH€, IIO BC€H B€DOSTHOCTH, CB133HA CO 3HAH€HH€M IIOPHIKA CJIOB IHIDH COH€TAHH#X H€CKOJIbKHX TJIATOJIOB COB€DHICHHOITO BH/A; HM€HHO PS TAâKHX
IJIATOJIOB (3A H€KOTODBIMH HWCKJIOH€HHSMH) ÕO3HAHA€T /I€ÍCTBHAW, CJI€/YEOIHIH
Trang 18OHHO 3a IDVTHM B TOM IOD4JIK€, B KaKOM DACHO/IOK€HbI T2JIaroJIBI [A.H ÏBO37eB,
1973, c 391] 3necb T/IarOzIBI BBIDA?KđIOT ©/IIHO€ CJIO?KHO€ /IelficrBwe HaIIpnMeP:
Ou HaTucKal mabaxa 6 mpyOKy, packypul eé, cpazy OKyTAasICA OblMOM U
CHOKOfiHO, HGM#IH1HO 3aTOBOpMII (M [opbKHĂH Mou yuueepcumemoti)
4) HecenpwuacTue coegepweHHoeo é6udda, CTOSIHI€V TIOCJIG TJIATOJIA, HHOFHA OƠO3HAWA€T /IClCTBH€, KOTODO€ /IJIHTCđ OHOBD©M€HHO Cc /I€lCTBH€M TJ1arOJIa B TaKHX CJIYdAãđX OHO HM€€T 3HAH€HH€, 8HAJIOFHHHO€ H€P(}€KTHBHOMY 3H8AH€HHIO IPOII€/IIICTO BD€M€HH, KOIJIA HA IDBBIÏ IUI4H BBICTYIA€T He COB€DIICHH€ 7€ĂCTBHM1, ậ COXDAaH€HHW€ ©ro pe3y.Ibrara [|A.H I'Bo3ep, 1973, c 391] B 1aHHOM C/IYda©€ HaØIIO/IA€TC1 OIHOBD€M€HHOCTb H€ /I€lCTBHÍ I€€IDHUACTH1 H T7IATO.IA, a O/IHOBD©M€HHOCTb COCTOWHH% (D€3VJIbTATđ), BBIDA3K€HHOITO /I€€IDHHACTH€M, Cc I€lCTBH€M, BBIDA?K€HHBIM T7IarO/IOM HaIIpHMep:
Omey ywén nod pyxy c Ako6om, MOJI4đ/160 OIIYCTHB Z0106V (OIYCTHJI ĐH IPO/IOJIKAI OCTABATbC1 Cc OHYHIHHOIf TOIOBOH) (M lOpbKHH leno ApMmamonoeoix)
Ilémp cuden Ha cmye, KpenKo IIDM3KAB 3đ17101L10K K cmene (TIpwKall HW He OTHHMa'I) (M [opbKnli /Je1o ẢD<AMOHO6bI3)
OH 4uumain KHueu Oaxce Ha yluye, - UOéM NO NaHeU, 3AKPbIB MUYO KHUZOU U
monaem jurodet (M Voppxuik Mou yuueepcumemoti)
1.2.2 BonDoC 0 CHHHIAIKCHHGCKOH (ÙYHKHHH Oeenpuyacmua
Ode qepTOÌÏ CHHTAKCHu€CKOTO YHOTD€Ơ/ICHH4 /I€€IIDWHACTHỈ ABIAeTCA TO,
!'ITO OHH HO/IHHH€HBI IJIATOJIY U Yepe3 Cro MOCPEACTBO CBA3bIBAFOTCA C IIPeAMeTOM l) OOBiHHO /€€IpHUACTHĂ IIOTIHHH€HBL T7JIATOJIY-CKA33V€MOMYV B JHHHBIX IID€/IJIO3K€HH4X, IDH 3TOM /I€ÌCTBHd, ÕO3HAWA€MBI€ /I€€IIDHWACTH€M H TJIATO/IOM, IIDHHA/UI©€?KAT OHHOMY JIHIV (HJIH H€JIM€TY), KOTODO€G BBIDA3K€HO IO/UI€?KAIHIHM
Hatpumep: 4 omowén 6 cmopony, He 3Has, n0 ðe1amp (M IopbKHH B 1oð43)
2) TlomumMo JIHHHBIX IHD€JJIOXK€HHH, /€€IDHUACTHH VIIOTD€ỐJSIOTCH B Ố©Ẵ3/INWHBIX ID€/UIO3K€HHäX HpH HH(HHHTHBC HaIipHMeD: ÏÏ613b#CH1LMO XODO1MO
Trang 19nibimb no Bonze ocenneti Houbr10, CHA Ha KOpme, y pyia (M Voppxuit B 1004x)
Ec JIOTHW€CKO€ IIOJIJI€3KaIII€€ IID€/ICTABJIeHO B (PopMe /IAT€JIbHOTO CỸb€KTA,
HO B IID€JHJIOKCHHH HT HH(HHHTHBA, K KOTODOMV MOIT ObI ObITb OTH€CEH
€€IHMACTHBI ÕOpOT, TO YVHOTp€ỐJI€HH€ €TO HApYVIIaeT HODMY lĨOTIOỐHHI€ KOHCTDVKHHH Y IHCATGJICI MMCIOT HH/IHBHIYAIbHHH XapaKTep HanpnMep: [IpOqHTaB eHumamenbuo paccKa3, MHe OyMaemcA, YMO PEOAKMOPCKUX NONPACOK 6 Hém nem (M Toppxui B 1008x)
3) Pe›Ke /I€€IDHuacTH€ MO3K€T ỐBITb IIOIHHH€HO IIDHuacTH© HanDpHMeP: Oouaxcos1 2qQỊoHO6, MAJIGHbĐKMH, DVCOGOIOCDHÍ YenoebeK, HHCQGIHM C6GOU PaCCKQ3bl, BOIIHVSCb ỊO ØblQđaHtũ, 24601161 (M [opbKnli KqDOH1H)
4) OueHb D€/IKO /I€€IDHWaACTH€ OTHOCHTC1 K neeIpwdacTrnio HanpnMep: Ho Knum euden, umo JluỊ51, CYHIA1 DđCGK@3bL OT1đ IIOJ2KaB 2yOol, ne eepum um (M Toppa Kapouun)
5) 3HaHHT€JIbHO D€?K€ /I€CIDHHACTHC OTHOCHTCH K CKA3V€MBIM - KDATKHM lipusaraTesibHEIM Hanpumep: Oxonyus AKademuio xydOoxcecme, CeDo6 b1 HQJ10H acelanusa “nucamb mosbKO ompadodnoe”’ (M3 *KypHasa)
6) /eeIIpwdacTHhIl ÕODOT HH CYII€CTBHT€JIbHbIX VHOTPp€ỐJII€TCH D€/KO; 2TO ÕỐbIHHO CVIICCTBHT€JIbHBIC C€ HOI€CCV8JIbHBIM 3HadeHHeM HanpHMep: T©€HIIO3đIMINHDI© CGOICHGQ HDUMKDĐDLM11 OCHOGbl6đIOMCS1 Hq H€ĐЀXOỊ€ MaMePuana
112 I6ễDỊO2O COCHOSH1đ1 6 24300603HO€, MHHV1S 2/CUỊKV!O (43V (H3 3KYpHA118) 7) jleeHpHuacTHBÌ ÕƠODOT HH HAp€MHH COBMCIIA€T 3HAq€HHC COIYTCTBYIOII€TO JeHCTBHA € IOSCHIOIIHM 3HadeHWeM HaiIpnMep: (⁄a Oymasia oO HDOMLIOM, O ÕVỊVMJ€M, HODOIO HJ26b14HO, He ỐpOcas pa607mbi, 001aka1a (BVHHMR)
B COBP€CM€HHHX HCCJITIOBAHHAX HD€JICTABI€HBI DA3HBI MH€HH4 OTHOCHT€/IbHO CHHTaKcwwecKOl YHKIIHH 1eeIpwdacTHH Pa3J1INWW€ HX CBOJIHTCS B OCHOBHOM K MHCJIY W XâpAKT€DV (ÙYHKIHHH, BBIIOJIHS€MBIX /I€€IDHUACTH€M B
IID€/UIO?K€HHH, W CB5138HO € X MODp(O/IOTW€eCKOHÍ THỐDHHOCTBIO
Trang 201) OHM JIHHTBHCTbI CHHTAIOT, MTO B IID€/IOXK€HHH /I€€CIDHHACTHA (ÌYHKHWOHHDYVEOT B KAH€CTB€ OOCTOATeJIbCTBa (BDCM€HH, IHHHHBbI, VCTYHKH, VCJIOBHM1, ÕPA3a /€ÌCTBH1 H T /I.) TA TOdKa 3DCHH1 OTDA?K€HA B OIID€JICJICHHH
CHHTaKcHuecKOlf (yHKHHH /eelpwnuacTnli A.H lIBoO3neBBM: “jleeIpnuacTna
C/IY3KAT DA3HbIMH BH/IAMH OỐCTOST€/IbCTB (BD€MCHH, ÕP43a /I©€lÍCTBH1, IDHHHHBI, ycJoBws)” [A.H IBo3nen, 1973, c 387] 2ry TOWKYV 3p€HH1 Hã CHHTAKCHI€CKH€ (DYHKHMH /I€€IIDHHACTHỈÌ MbI HAXO/IHM H B paÕOTaX Apyrux Wwcc/IeoBaTe.ef [B.M
HmkwmTmH, 1969, c 205-231; T.B JliKopa, 1975, c 4; B.H bejoycos, 1979, c 69;
J1.H Apðarcknfi, 1980, c 109 w np.]
2) /|pyrne HwcCJI€IOBAT€JIH ÕDAIHAIOT BHHM8HH€ TOJIbKO HA CÊMAHTHKO- TpaAMMATHH€CKYIO CBA3b /I€€IIDHdACTHA C €ÌÍCTBH€M IIO/JI€?KAII€TO, T © YHHTbBIBA1 TJIATO/IbHBI€ IDH3HAKH /€€IDHHACTH1 - KAT€TODHIO BHJ1A, CIOCOỐHOCTBb BBIDA?KATb BD©M€HHOC 3HAW€HHW€ (HAJIHHH€ BO3BDATHBIX H H€BO3BDATHBIX (ÌODM H COXDAH€HHe CHHTAKCHHCCKHX CBW3€l TJIATOIIA, OT KOTODOTO /I€€IDHMACTH€ ÕPA3OBAHO), OIID€/€JIIIOT CHHTAKCHu€CKYO (YHKHHRO /J€€IDHHAaCTHS KaK (JYHKIIEO BTODOCT€IICHHOTO, COIIDOBO?X/IAEOIIeTO 1€lÍCTBH1 Ta (ÙÌYHKIIHS OOO3HAYAeTCA Kak (ÌYHKHM1 “BTODOCT€I€HHOTO CKA3y©MOTO” TepMHH “BTODOCT€I€HHO€ CKA3y©MO€”” ỐbLI BBeeH A.A Iloreðneli [A.A IloreØnas, 1958, c I8Š5] n1 ÕO3HadeHnm CHHTAKCHM€CKOMW (ÙYHKHHH BIBIHX HeWICHHbIX IIDHHACTHĂ, KOTOPBIE IID€BDaIIAIOTCä B 1eeInpwwuacTwa A.A lllaxMaTOB YIIOTD€Ố/II€T TOT 3K€ TCDMHH 7715 ÒO3HaAW€HHM1 IIOIOÒHOÌ CHHTaKCcWdecKOlÍ YHKIHMH 7€€IDHHACTH4 B IP€JUIO?KCHHH
B COBPCMCHHOM pycckomM 33bIKe [A.A IHaxMarosn: c 1941, 471] Kak u3BecTHo,
A.A LHHlaxMaTOB H /IDVTH€ ucciIeqoBaTeIM OTHeECIM BCe /I€€IDHHACTH1 KDOM€ aB€DỐHWAJIH3OBABIIWXC1 K BTODOCT€IICHHbIM cka3yeMbIM [A.A IHaxMaTos, 1941,
c 471; A.B Ananuy, 1963, c 11; WT Vonanos, 1967, c 228; O.C AxmanHosa,
1969, c 225] B cpa3u c 2TnM JI.VM ApOatckui CIpAB€/JIHBO OTMe€MA€T: “OIHAKO
nonbitka A.A LllaxMaTOBa H IDYTHX aBTODOB OTPAHHHHTb CHHTAKCHH€CKVIO DO/Ib
€€IPHWACTHĂ BTODOCT€I€HHBIM CKA3Y©MBIM OTDA?KA€T D€TDOCICKTHBHHIÍ B3TI711H
Ha 2TY KaTeropmio” [J.H Ap6arcKnli, 1980, c 117] B Hacrosmee Bpema TepMHH
Trang 21“BTODOCT€I€HHO€ CKA3y€MO€” YIIOTD€ƠJIIIOT MHOTH€ JIHHTBHCTBI, ÕO3HAHAđ" HM
710ØaBOuHO€ /n€elcTBHe Io7JIeaIinero |[pawMaTwnka-60, T IL, w L c 650; E.M lankwnHa-®enopyk, 1964, c 497; M.K Munmx, 1971, c 138-139 u npyrme]|
3) HanÕojđee HOC/I€IOBAT€JIbHBIM IID€JICTABJIICTCH TAKOIÏ HOHIXOI K CHHTAKCHdecKOW (ÙYHKHHH JI€€IDHHACTHI, HH KOTODOM PA3/IHHA€TCW ynotpeOsIeHve /I€€IDHHACTHI B H€/UIOKCHHH B DOIH: (đ) BTODOCT€IICHHOTO
cka3yemoro H (6) OỐCTO4T€JIbcTBa [B.A CMnpHoBa, 1953, 10; [paMMaTHKa-60, T
II, d L c 650; I.H CaMapmna, 1960, c 128; E.M Ilena, I961, c T01; E.M lanknHa-®enopyk, 1964, c 184; A.B Detucopa 1964, c 94; K.K BwanneBa, c
1968, 6; ƒđlH CBeTinnk, 1970, c 267-268; H.C Banrnmna, )J[.2 Po3enTramb, H.H Momuna H Tp COBDeM€HHHIlI pyccKHl 3bIK, [97], c 265; M.K Mnnnix, T97], c 138-140; H.K KannHnHa, A.b AHHKHHa COBD€M€HHHIÍ DYCCKHÍ 43BIK
Mopdo.iormxs, 1975, c 165 w npyrme]
E.T depKacoBa, KacadCb ÕCTOXT€JIbCTB€HHOI (ÙYHKHHH /€€IDHHMACTHH, IIHHI€T, WTO ““ÕCTOST€/IbCTBAđ, BbIDA3K€HHBI€ /IC€IIDWHACTHSMH, ÕbIHHO OTHOCATCA
He TOJIbKO K CKa3yYeMOMY, HO H KO BCCMV IID€/H/IOK€HHIO B I€JIOM” [Ï['paMMaATHKA-
60, T II, 4 I, c 570] lIlonoØHoe pa3TpaHHH€HHW€, KAK IDABHJIO, OTCVTCTBV€T y
MHOTWX HCCJI€IOBAT€JI€H
B TpaMMaTHK€ COBDCM€HHOTO DYCCKOTO #3biKA H€TKO PA3TDAHHHHBAIOTC1 CHHTAKCHMCCKHC IIO3HIHH, KOTODBIC MOXKeT 34HHMATb B_ IID€/IOK€HHH 7J€€IPHuacTwue (MIM /€Ẵ€IDpHuACTHHI ÒOpOT): 1) HO3HHHS ÕỐOCOỐ/I€HHOH IIDHMBIKaIoIeli C7IOBO(ÙODMBI C OỐCTOST€/IbCTB€HHO-XâpAKT€DPH3VIOIIWM 3HAH4€HH©CM IDH I7IATOJI€ (BK/IOHA1 IHDHHACTH€ H /I€€IDHuACTH€); 2) IIO3HHHAS I€TCDMHHAHT8: C 7đ 2/1071 DđCCKđ3, MH€ ỐbUIO CMIM4HO; ()HỊOXHVG, JMWO2ICHO npuxsamocs 3a Oeo || pamMatuka-70, c 645]
M3 nw31o3KeHHOTO BBIH© cyleqyeT, 4TO B pyccKOH TPAMMATHu€CKOH
TPAIHHHH BOIDOC oO (ÙYHKHHOHHDOBAHHH /I€€CIDHMACTHĂ (€€IDHHACTHBIX OƠODOTOB) CBA3bIBaeTCH B TepByFO OH€P€Ib Cc HpOỐI€MOI HenomHOt npedukamuenocmu Tax, A.A IloreOHa Ha3bIBA€T /€€IDHHACTHHI ÕODpOT,
Trang 22KOTODBIÌl OH IIDHDABHHBä8€T K âIIIO3HIIHH, BTODOCT€IICHHbIM CKA3Y©MBIM, CTOSIIHM KaK ỐbI Ha TpAHH Ip€/IHKATa H aTpwÕyTa A.A IllaxMaTOB OTHOCHT /€€IIDHuACTHBI€ ÕODPOTBI K IIDH/IATOHHBIM Cka3yeMbIM M13 paØor A.A IloreðHmn, A.A IllaxMaToBa
m A.M lÏleIIKOBCKOTO BBIT€KA€T TAKK€ IIOJIOK€HH€ O /I€€IIDHHACTHBIX ÕODOTAX K8K €C/IOBOCOW€TAHH4X OCÒOTO DO, YHO/IOƠ2I1IOIIWXCS Õ;1ATO7AD1 HAJINHHHIO B HHX
3JICMCHTA IIDCHHMKATHBHOCTH IIDHHATOHNHHIM IIDC/H)JIO2KCHH1M
TH MbBICJIH B€CbMA IUJIOIOTBODPHBI 7/11 3VH€HHS /€€IIDHHACTHbIX ÕODOTOB, XOT1 BPS/I JIH MO?KHO IIDH3HATb IIDABOM€PHOCTE BBI/ICJICHH4 NJI€HAđ HD€/JLJIO?KCHH1, 33HHMAIOII€TO IOM€3KVTOHHOC IIOJIO3KCHH€ M€?KHY H€/IHKATOM H TDHỐYTOM [IÍpaBWIbHee ỐbI7IO ỐbI TOBODHTb O TOM, HTO /ICCHIDHHACTH€ CIOCOỐHO BbIDA?KATb I€ÌCTBH€, HCXO/UIII€€ OT IIOJUIG3KAII€TO H KaK BI HaApAJLI€IbHOC /I€ÌCTBH, BBIDA?Ka€MOMYV CKA3V©MBIM YVNoIOỐØI€HH€C /€€IDHHACTHOTO odopota IIDHIATOHHOMYV IID€JIIO?K€HHIO CJI€TV€T BH/I€Tb B TOM, HTO /I€€IDHHACTHbIlf OOOPOT Ø1arO/ap# I/IATOJIbHBIM CBOÌCTBAM /€€IDHHACTH1 CIOCOỐ€H HO CDABH€HHIO C JIDYTHMH C/IOBOCOH€TAHHWMH K ÕOJIBII€Ì /€TAIH3AHHH MBICIH Ilo CT€H€HH J€TAJIH3AHIWH MBICJIH /JI€€IIDHdACTHbI€ ÕODOTBI IIDHỐIH?KAFOTC1 K HHATOHHBIM IID€7JIOK€HHSM
JlJeenpwdacTrwue (JI€€IDHHMACTHHH ÕỐODOT), BbIpaxkad BTODO€ /€HCTBHe, IIOIHHH€HHOC IJIABHOMY, B TO ?K€ BD€MWS BCCIJA SBJII€TCEH B ID€/IO3K€HHH OƠCTOXT€JIbCTBOM PacCMOTDHM OJI€€ /J€TAJIbHO, KaKH€ OOCTOATEJIbCTBCHHBIC 3HAH€HM1 BbIDA?KAiOTC1 /I€€IIDHdACTHbIM ÕODOTOM B aKa/I€MHd€CKỌlÍ FDaMMATHK€
DYCCKOTO 3BIKA, H31aHHOl B I96Ơ0 TO/Y, /I€€IIDHWACTHBI€ OƠODOTBI /I€/I1TC1 HA /B€
OCHOBHBIC ÕCTOWT€JIbCTB€HHBIC TpYHIBI 1) JI€€HIDHUuACTHbIC OỐODOTBI,
BbIDAXAIOIIH€ “I€ÏCTBH€, COIYTCTBVIOIICC MW MOOOYHOe TO OTHOLICHHIO K
T€lCTBHE, ÕO3HAWA€MOMYV CKA3Y€MBIM” H, TaKHM 0OpPa30M, HO CBOCMY 3HAH€HHIO Kak ObI B/IIEOHIH€CH BTODOCT€I€HHBIM CKa3yeMbIM, Halpumep: “/locmắe 12 KqDMđHq CHUUKU, OH 3đ2/CẴ@2 C6@4y ”; 2) €€IDHWWaACTHBI€ ÕODOTBI, ÕO3H8WAIOIIHe
IIDH3HAK /ICHCTBH4, BbIDA?K€HHBIH TJIATOJIOM-CKA3Y€MBIM W XâapAKT€DH3VIOIIHH ero
Trang 23B OTHOIICHHWH CIIOCÒA COB€DII€CHH1 /€lCTBHM1, IDHHHHOI ÕYCJIOBJICHHOCTH H T I1 |[ÏpaMMaTwKa 1960, T 2, 4 I, c 655]
B H€KOTODBIX Dpyrux padoTax, NOCBAIICHHbIX CHHTaKCHYeCKHM (YHKIWMAM J€€IPHHACTHBIX OOOpOTOB, /I€€IDHHACTHBI€ ÕODOTBI, BBICTYIAKOIHH€ B pOJIH BTODOCT€IICHHOTO CKA3y€MOTO, IIPOTHBOMOCTaBAAIOTCA BCeM /IDYTHM 7€€IPHWACTHBIM OOOPOTAaM Kak HEOOCTOATEIIBCTBECHHbIc OOCTOATEJIBCTBCHHbIM Bce J€€IPHuACTHBIC OOOPOTbI 2THMH BTODAMH /€IAITCEH Ha Be TpVHHB: 1) 7€€IDHWACTHBI€ ÕODOTBI, BBICTYII4IOHIH€ B DO/IH BTODOCT€IICHHOTO CKA3y€MOTO H 2) OỐCTOT€JIbCTB€HHBI€ /€€IDHWMACTHbBI€ ÕODOTHI
OHAKO TAaKO€ IIDOTHBOIIOCTABJICHH€ KA?K€TC1 H€B€DHBIM CaMO IIDH3HAHHW€ HAJIHHHW BTODOCTCICHHOIO ÂCKA3Y©MOIO - 2TO yxKe HDH3HAHHC ©TO OOCTOATCBCTBCHHOIO 3HAYCHHA, TAK KaK 3ABMCHMOCTb OT OCHOBHOTO CKẬ3V©MOTO, IIOIHHH€HH€C CMY ABJIACTCA TEM CAMBIM BbIPAxKCHHEM ero TpH3Haka JIpyroe /I€7O, ITO BTODOCT€H€HHO€ CKA3Yy€MO€ B CHJIY TJIATOJIbHOCTH /€€IDHMACTH1 MO?K€T ÕBITb M@KCHM@JIbHO CaMOCTOATEJIBHBIM, T € BbIPAKATb JEMCTBHe, MOUTH PaBHOIeHHOe
€lCTBHIO, BbIDA?K€HHOMY CKA3y€MBIM VÏHBIMH C/IOBAMH, /€€IDHHACTHBIf ÕODOT, ÕYV/IVWH BTODOCT€IICHHBIM CKA3Y€MBIM, SBJIICTCH HDH3HAKOM OCHOBHOTO CKa3yYeMOro, €TO ÕCTOT€JIbCTBOM, HO, ÕY/IYHH B TO ?K€ BD€Mđ BTODOCT€IICHHBIM CKA3Y©MBIM, OH B CHJIY TI/IATO/IbHOCTH /€€IDHHACTH1 MO?K€T ÕBITb MAKCHMAJIbHO CaMOCTOST€JIbHBIM ECT€CTB€HHO, IIO2TOMY, 2TH /I€€IIDHWACTH1 COOTHOCHT€/IbHBI CO CIpsraeMol (OpMOIÏÍ T7IaTO.1a, cp.: “Jlocmắ u3 KAPMAHA CNUYKU, OH 3aNCe2 C6eUy”’;
uw “Ox Oocmain u3 KapMaHa cnuyKu u 3ancee ceeuy”’ [I pammaTuKa-60, T 2, 4 I, c 655]
JleerpuyactHbie ÕODOTbI BTODOIÏ TDYHIBI, ÕỐO3HAWAIOIIHE HDH3HAK J€lCTBHH, COOTHOCATCH C COOTBETCTBYIONIMMH OOCTOATCJIbCTBCHHbIMU
IIPHHATOMHHBIMH IIDC7)JIO?KCHHZMH Criona OTHOCATCHA:
1) n€e€IpHHACTHbIC OỐODpOTBL CO 3HA4€HHCM OOcTOATeJIbCTBa OOpa3a JI€lCTBM1, IIO/IPA3/ICJIICMBIC 3C€Cb Ha CÕỐCTB€HHO OỐCTOIT€JIbCTBA OOpa3a I€CTBHH WM OỐCTOIT€JIbCTBA COHYTCTBVEOHICTO OỐCTOITGJIbBCTBA: “124
Trang 24VCAHCUBAIIACh 6 Kpecie mo boKOM, mo nodxcae Hoeu”’ (A Toucton); “Anna 114, onycmue 2ooey u uepad Kucmamu O6bausoika” (JI Toncron); [[pammatuxka-60,
T 2,4 1, c 655]
2) I€€IIDHHACTHBIC ÕỐOPOTBI CO 3HaYeHHeM OOCTOATeIbCTBa IIDHHHHBI:
`QHM COWV6GCHMGO6G@111 J€KCGK2, HOIGGđ5, MỨO OH HVMb MU He NO NDUHYHCOeHUIO đbI1OHdeẴM yemdaHo6KU Bepuoze ." (B Axxaes);
3) I€€IIDHWACTHBI€ ÕODOTBbI CO 3Haq€HH€M OỐCTOT€/IbCTBA BDeMe€HH: ” Bo
113 MHHbI, TaH5 HOWVGCm606đ1đ KDđfH1IOIO yemanocmp ` (B AaeB);
4) I€CIDHHACTHBIC OỐOPpOTBI CO 3HAH€HHCM VCIOBHN: “ÌÏDUCMđIbHO GCMOIHDCGIMUCb, MO2/CHO bUIO pazluuUumMb MCỊICHHO€ H€DCM€HJ€HU€ J1€ỊSHOfđÍ noeepxHocmu, yeleKaemow cusou 6odol " (B AxKaes);
li
5) /JI€€IIDHHACTHbIC ÕODOTBI CO 3HAH€HH€M IICJIH: ” C/J21đ41G51 3đ CHUHYV Cmuupuoea, cnacaaco om Tanu " (B A3xaeB);
6) WeelipHuacTHbie OOOPOTHI C YCTYMMTeJIbHbIM 3HadeHHeM: "V3Ha6 Mens, OH
ece ace He noKNOHUWICA" [I pammMaTuKa-60, T 2, 4 I, c 655]
KaK BHHIHO W3 IIDHM€DOB, OỐCTOT€JIbCTBA BTODOlÍ TDVHHBI, BBIDA?K€HHBI J€€IPHHACTHBIMH OỐOPpOTAMH, HMCIOT CBOIO CH€HHHKV HO CpaBHeHHIO Cc aHAJIOFHHHBIMWH OỐCTOIT€JIbCTBAMH, BbIPaKCHHbIMH CVHI€CTBHT€JIbHBIMH C€ IP€/JIOTAMH W HADCHHSMH: JIC€IIDHHACTHHIÍ ÕODOT, ABJIAACh OOCTOATEIbCTBOM ÕPA3a I€ÍÍCTBH1, IDHHHHBI H T J CKA3V©MOTO /IAHHOTO HI€/JJIO)KCHH1, B TO ?K€ BpeMA BCera ABJIACTCA WM IIDH3HAKOM IHIOJJI€?KAIHI€TO, BBIDA?KA€T HCXO/UHIHI€€ OT Hero jelicrBue a3HHHA M€?KIYV 2THMH /J©CIDHHACTHBMH OOOpoTaMH H OƠODOTAMH, BBICTYII4IOIIHMH B DOJIH BTODOCT€I€HHOTO CK33V©MOTO, - B CT€IICHH
IIOIHNHHCHHOCTH /ICCIIPHWaCTHA OCHOBHOMY CKa3yCMOMy
Han6o.Iee xapaKTepHBIMH (ÙYHKIIH"MH /I€CIDHHACTHBIX ÕODOTOB #BJI1IOTCS (ÌYHKHHM% BTOPOCT€IICHHOTO CKA3Y€MOTO H (ÙYHKIH% OỐCTOST€JIbCTBA OOpa3a T€ÌlCTBHM1 (B IIHDOKOM CMBICJI© CJIOBA)
Trang 2537eCb HalO HMMeTb B BHAY, HTO OạO3HAHA1 /IOạABOHHOẠ, BTODOCTẠIICHHOẠ IẠÌCTBHẠ, /IẠẠIIDHHACTHẠ ABJIAeCTCA CIIẠHHA/IH3HDOBAHHOIl (ODpMOIỳ BBIDA?KẠHHỘ IIOJIYIDẠIHKaATHBHOCTH KpOMe TOTO, ạO./IbIIẠl OCJIaửIẠHHOCTbIO XâDAKTẠDH3YẠTC1 3ABWCHMOCTb /IẠẠIPHUACTHC OT CKA3yẹMOITO TO HMCẠCT PHI D3A3JIHHHBIX
IIDO1BJICHHH:
Bo-IẠpBBhix, HIpad pOIIb ỢBTODOCTẠIẠHHOTO CKA3YẠMOTOỢ, /JIẠẠIIDHHACTHẠ OOBIHHO OKđ3BIBAẠTCH B IIDẠ/JIO3KHHH OTHOCHTẠJIbHO CAMOCTOATCJIBHBIM CMBICJIOBbIM HH TPAMMATHHẠCKHM IIẠHTDOM, CIOCOOHBIM IIOIHHHWTb OạIHIHDHBIH KDYT 38BWCHMBIX CJIOB WH BBICTVHATb BMẠCTẠ Ạ HHMH XOTả H B IIOIHHHẠHHH TJIATO/IBHOMY CKA3YẹẠMOMY, HO B TO ?KẠ BDCMI1 B KAHẠCTBẠ 3AMKHYTOI HACTH IIDẠ/UIO?KẠHH1 - TâK HA3bIB3ẠMOTO /IẠẠIDHHWACTHOTO OạODOTA, CM HaIỉIDHMeP: (J1) NIOMUIđ K OKHV 11, BBIT8IIWHB OTKYVJHA-TO H3 KADMAHA KOpoOouky Ạ HTOJIKAMH H HHTK8MH, /2H#1đCb 1m (A.H Toscton)
BO-BTOPBIX, /IẠẠIDHUACTHẠ HHKOTHA HẠ HITDpAẠT HH CKA3YẠMOM pOIb Oạ3ATẠJIbHOTO KOMIIOHCHTA, VIIOTDẠỐ/ICHHC KOTODOIO BBITẠKđIO Obl H3 JIẠKCHHẠCKHX HJIH TpAMMATHHẠCKHX OCOÔẠHHOCTẠỳI
B-TpẠTbWx, OạO3Hawa1 /ẠHCTBHC CYạbẠKTA, BBIDA3KẠHHOTO IHIO/IẠ2KđIHHM,
7ẠẠIPHuaCTHẠ XaâpaKTẠDH3yẠTC1 ỘHOỐOHHOIlÍỢ CeMaHTHKO-rpaMMaTHYeCKON CBA3bIO
Ạ IOJIJIẠ?KAIHHM
B-uẠeTBEPTBIX, BBblDaKad 3HaqeHHẠ ỢBTODOCTẠIIHHOTO CKA3yẠMOTOỢ,
JẠẠIIDHWaCTHẠ pẠHKO IDMO IIOICHSẠT T7IATOJIbHOẠ CKA3VẹMOẠ, HTO HDOXBJIIẠTCS B HAửIO/AIOIIClÍCH #@Wể/1KOCT4 CMBICJIOBBIX OTHOIIICHHÌE MẠ?KJV /JIẠẠIIDHHACTHẠM H JIHWHBIM TJIATOJIOM, B #ẠửCHOCI OÔỐCTOSTẠJIbCTBẠHHOTO 3HA4ẠHH1 ẠẹẠIDHACTH1, a HHOIIA WM B HOJIHOM OTCYTCTBHH OạỐCTOSTẠJIbCTBẠHHOTO 3HaqeHHM1 Hanpumep: Anoped HuKOJdeđUqđ HOJO2ICUUIIH 6 J143đĐẴẠIM6, 341ẠDHVB B HJIHHHOM OKHẠ ÔẠ/JIBIẠ 3aHaBpeckH (A.H Tosncton); [lod n00710J1KOM, ẹJ1BA OCBẠIIA1 KOMHATV, ở 2/C6/123HOM
KOJlble GMCGJ1đ NaMna Cc nod6epHymoim O2zoHoKoM (A.H ToncTrođự) n T.n [E.C
CxoOmmKosa, 1979, c 218-219]
Trang 26BOT IOH€MYV B p/€ CJIYHA€B OTH€CCHH€ /I€€IIDHHACTHĂ K OỐCTOXIT€JIbCTBAM
ABJIACTCA YCIIOBHOM HW HETOUHOH
Mo2xHo CH€CJIATB BBIBO/H, UTO B COBPCMCHHOM PYCCKOM A3bIKe /ICCIIDDHHAaCTHC
VIOTPpe€6Iã€eTC1 B pOJIH:
(1) BTODOCT€I€CHHOTO CKA3V€MOFTO - I€DBHHHa4 (ÌYHKHMS;
(2) oÕCTO4T€JIbCTBA - BTODHHHad/HapedHaa (ÙyHKHH1 ÕCTOST€JIbCTB€HHO€ VIOTPp€GI€HH€ /€€IIDHWACTHHÍ BKJIOdA€T H OCÕO€Ẵ VIIOTp€Ố/I€HH€ UX B (ÙYHKIHH
ACTCPMUHAaHTa
13 jleenpndacrnec H /I€€HDHHACTHHIH O0Ố0pOT B (ÙYHKHHH
OỐ€TO5T€/IECTB€HHOTO H€TC€PMHHAHTA
1.3.1 Tonamue 0demepmunanma 6 pyccKou Cunmakcu4ecKou HayKe
B 50-be ronp B.B BuHorpAHOB BBICKA34I MBICJIb O TOM, 4UTO B
DAaCHIDOCTDAH€HHOM I€/IJIO3K€HHH H€KOTODBI€ BTODOCT€IHHBI€ WJI€HbI MOTYT He CB53bIBATbC# H€IIOCD€ICTB€HHO HH € “TDYHHỌ HO/JI€?KalII€TO”, HH € ”TpYyHHOf cka3yeMoro” [B.B BwnHorpa/osp PyccKnli 3bIK, 1972|
"T]aKH€ BTODOCT€IICHHBI€ NJI€HbI HD€/IO3K€HH1 OỐCTOST€JIbCTBA BDCMHH, IDOCTDAHCTBA, IIDHHHHBI, IIC/IH, YCTVHKH MW_ VCJIOBHS MOIYT H€IIOCD€HCTB€HHO
OTHOCHTbCA KO BCeH OCTAIbHOK acTH Ip€/H/IOKeHM4 B I€J1oM” [Ï'paMMaTwkKa-60, 1T
II, w I c 94; B.H AHroHopa, 1964, c 209-217] BTOpOCT€H€HHBIG N/I€HBI,
OTHOCWIIW€C1 KO BCCMY IID€JUIO3KCHHIO B IICIOM “”H€ ABJIAIOTCA KOMMOHCHTOM
KaAKOTO-JIHỐO BOII/IHICTO B IID€/IIO3K€HW€ CJIOBOCOqeTaHw1” [Ï'paMMaTHNKa-60, T
I 4.1, c 522]
IlonoxeHHe 0 TOM, 4YTO B COCTAB€ DACIDOCTDAH€HHOTO IID€J/IJIO3KCHHS MOTYT ObITb CJIOBOODMBI HW COH€TAHH%A CJIOBOQODM, OTHOCHIIHCCEI KO BCeMY IID€/JIOK€HHE B II€/IOM (HJIH K ©€TO IID€IWKATHBHOlÍ OCHOB©€) ÕbILJIO pa3BwTo H.KƠ
LHbBenoBol bB ydeHHH oO /eTepMHHaHrax |H.KƠ IIlsnenopa, c 1968, 39-50;
I pammatuka-70, c 624 w cđen H.K) IIlsenopa, 1973, c 66-76; I pammaruxa-80, T
II, c 150-163)
Trang 27OcHOBHBIe IIOJIO?KCHHđ 2TOTO VHCHH1 CJIC/IYIOIHH©:
a) J|€T€DMHHAHT, HJIH /J€T€DMHHHDYIOIHHÌ HJI€H - 3TO DACHDOCTDAH1IOIIHH HJI€H IID€JJIO3KCHHS (DACIDOCTDAHHTGIIb), OTHOCMHIHHHCI KO BC€MY COCTABV
IIP€/I1O2KCHHf1 H H© CBA3aHHbIM HH € KaKHM OTHCJIBHbIM Cro WICHOM
6) JJeT€DMHHAHTHI ACNATCA Ha /IBC PTDYHIIH: OOCTOATEJIBCTBEHHbIC H
H€ÒCTOXIT€JIbCTB€HHBI€ (Õb€KTHBHO-CVØb€KTHBHBI©)
(@CiOSHGJIbCH6GHHblI€ JTCDMHHAHTBIL BBIDA2KAIOT CJI€IYIOIIH€ 3HAH€HH”: IOCTPAHCTB€HHOC, BPeMeHHOe HW KOJIHH€CTB€HHO-BDCM€HHOC, IIDHHHHHO- C/ICICTB€HHO€ (IIOBO/IA, OCHOBAHHd, CTHMYV/IA H D€3V/IbTATđ), H€JIH, VCJIOBHH H VCTVIIKH, BKJIIOH€CHH1 HW HCKJIIOH€HHI, BBIJI€JIHT€JIbHO-OTDAHHHHT€GJIbBHO€C H 3aM€CTHT€/IbHOCTH, COIIYTCTBHI, COOTBeETCTBHA, CHOCÕA, KAH€CTBCHHOI H KOJIHH€CTB€HHỌÍ XaDAaKT€DHCTHKH, CDABH€HM (COIIOCTABJICHM3)
(@CmOSHNGJIbCH6GHHbI€ I€TCDMHHAHTBI BbIDA?K8IOTCI HAp€HHSMH, DA3HBIMH (ÌODMaMH KOCBCHHbIX IIAT©?K€l € IID€JLIOFTAMH H Õ€3 IID€/IOTOB, KOMIIADATHBOM, ỊCCHDUUACHU€M 1U ỊCC€HDMWHQCIHHĐLM OỐODOMOM, T€TCDMHHAHTHBIM TIDH7ATONHbIM IP€/JIOK€HHCM (ÕCTOWT€JIbCTBCHHBIC /JTCDMHHAHTH He (ÙODMHDYEOT 3/ICM€HTAPHBIX KOMIOH€HTOB CCMAHTHH€CKOI CTpyKTypbl HD€/LIO3KGHHH, a SBJIIEOTCI DA3HOOỐPA3HbIMH OIP€/IGJIHT€JIIMH (KBAINQWKaTopaMW) [['paMMATHKA-
OOCTOATEJIbCTBEHHOM ACTCPMUHAHTe HCCKOJIBKHX OOCTOATEJIBCTBCHHBIX 3HAYCHHH
HeoécmosmenocmeenHoie JITCDMHHAHTHB (ÙODMHDVIOT 2JIÊMCHTđDHBI€ OCHOBHBIC CCMAHTHH€CKH€C KOMIOH€HTbI - CyObBeKT, OObEKT HW KOMIIOHCHTBI, KOTODBI€ COBM€IIIAIOT B C©Õ€ 2TH 3HAW€HH4 /IDYT € /DYTOM HJIH € DA3HbIMH BH/IAMH OIID€/I€JIHT€JIbBHBIX (ÕCTOST€JIbCTB€HHbIX) 3HadqeHHIH |[Í[ paMMaTHKA-80, T II, c 150] Takwe 1€T€DMHHAHTBI BbIDA?KAIOTC1 M€CTOHM€HHSMH H CYII€CTBHT€JIbHbIMH
B KOCB€HHBIX IAT©?3KAX Cc HI€/JIOFAMH H Õ€3 IP€/JIOTOB (A TâK?K€ HAD€HHSMH,
TJ1aBHbIM o0pa30M, MCCTOHMCHHBIMH C_ IIDOCTPAHCTBCHHBIMH 3HA4€HHSMH)
Trang 28Utax, deenpuyacmue u OeenpuyacmHolii o60pom MOTyT BBICTYMaTb ở cbyHKyuu oOcmosmejocme6ennHoeo OemepmuHanma B Tako (ÙYHKHWH OHH OƠbIWHO yHOTpeOsIAFOTCA B COCTaBe OOOCOOeHHBIX rpyun Hanpumep: 4 amy Knuey npoyél
6 noe30e, KVHHB @ 6 E21b1J€, na eox3are .; UicttyraBmiuch memHombl, OH nobepHy!
oopamno [I pammatuka-80, T II, c 163, 459]
1.3.2 Jeenpuuacmua 6 (ÙVHKHHH Oemepmunanma H deenpuuacmua, He
ACGNAIOUUCCA OemepmMuHanmamu.,
"TN€T€DMHHHDVIOIIYIO (ÙÌYHKHHIO HACTO BBIIOJIHI€T HDH/IATOHHO€ I€/LIO3K€HH€ € ÕCTOWT€GJIbCTB€HHHM 3HaqeHHeM” [I pammatuKa-70, c 625, 709; B.A benomankopa, 1977, c 222-224: B.A bejnoIiankoBa, E.A 3eMCKaH, Mn"iociaBcKHH, llaHop 1981, c 538-539]
H.1O IllBenoBa paccMaTpPHBA€T /I€€IDHHACTH€ uM /I€€IDHUACTHBII OƠODOT Kak NOYNpeOUuKAaMUGHoIe KOHCMPYKYUU, KOTOPbIe MOFyT ObITb CBA3AHbI CO BCEM IIpeO%KeHHEM B IHCIOM H MOTYT BBbIIO/IHITb (ÌYHKHWE IJ€T€DMHHHDYEOIIeTO OOCTOATEIBCTBA WIM 3K€ OTHOCWTCH TOJIbKO K T/IATO/IY-CKA3V©MOMYV, 3âM€IHA1 CHHTAKCHH€CKYVK) IIO3HHHIO IDHMbIKAIOIHIeli €cJIOBOQODpMBLI [I pammatuka-80, tT II, 459]
JJeeIpHuacTHs B IDHCJIOBHỌÍ IIO3HIIWH HM€IOT OID€/I€JIHT€JIbHOC 3HAH1€HH€ H BH€IIDHCJIOBHOI (HH /€T€DMHHAHMH) - OID€J€:IHT€/IbHO-OOỐCTOST€/IbCTBCHHO- KBA/INHIIWpYytoHtee (OỜbIqHO B COCTaB€ ÕØOCOGIeHHbiX rpynn) [Ï'paMMaTnka-8§0, T
IL c 458-459]
PaccMOTDHM, Ha KAKOM OCO3HAaHHH pa3zepaHuuuediomca OeenpuuacmuA Uu Oeenpuyacmuole Ob6opomel, GbICHVHGIOLUJU€ 6 (DVHKHHH Ị©I1GD.MUHQHIMG, OI IđKUA, KOmMopble He ABILAIOMCA OeMePMUHAHMAMU
- B cuny ÕJIH3OCTH JeelipHyacTHOrO JeHCTBHA C€ /I€lCTBH€M, BBIDA?K€HHbIM
I7I8TOJIOM-CKA3VYCMHIM, /ICCIIDHHACTHC B (ÌYHKIIMH BTOPOCTCIICHHOFO CKA3VYCMOTO
Trang 29COOTHOCHT€JISHO CO CKA3V©€MBIM (CO CIpäTraeMoHl (OpMOH T71aro/Ia) HaHpHMeP:
"\MqIb VIIO2ICUIđ €ZO 6 HOCi€GIb, HAKDBIB Õ1©@ỊHbHfi 100 MOKpbIM nonomenyem//
WJO2/CU1đ4 W HaKpblla Õ1@ỊHbii 106 MOKDbLM nonomeHew” (E.M Llenwa, 1961,
c 103) Takum yeenpnyacTuaM He IIDHCVIHI€ 3HAq4©€HW€ BD€M€HHOTO ODH€HTHPA, € IOMOIIBKĐ KOTOPOTO XapakTepH3yeTCA BPeMCHHOM HDH3HAK /DYTOI HACTH
IPp€/UIO?KeHHxa [Ï paMMaTnKa-80, T II, c 541-542], u noxtToMy OHH He MOTVT ỐBITb
3aM€H€HBI €TC€DMHH8HTHBIMH (IDHJIATOWHBIMH) IID€JUIO3K€HHSMH C JI€TOBAT€.JIBHO, makue Oeenpuyacmusa He 51G15HOIMCS ỊẴ@M€DMUHaHImđamMU HạiiDHMGD: "Kpenwiaco, H€ TIOKA3blIBÀ OecnoKolicme”; “VIO2'CMIA pebeHKa Cnamb, VKDBIB €2O OỊẴ801M” [Tl pawMaTwnka-70, c 645 |
- HapeyHoe CBOlCTBO /I€€IIDHHACTH1 BBIDA?K€HO B €TO ÕCTOXT€/IbCTBCHHBIX 3HA4€HHãX, B ©€TO BTODHuHOH (ÌYHKHHH KaK Y?K€ OTM€HAJIOCb, /€€IIDHHACTHA1 CO 3HAa4€HH€M OỐCTOXT€JIbCTBA BD€MCHH, IIDHHHHBbI, VCTYIIKH H YCJIOBH1 D€TYJIIDHO
JOIYCKAIOT 3âM€HV COOTB€TCTBVIOHI€H IHDHIATOMHHOIM HWACTbIO /I€T€DMHHAHTHBIX
IIP€/UIO?K€HHH H IID€/LIO?KHO-IIA7€?KHOH (ODMOH HM€HH (HD€JJIO?KHBIM OƠODOTOM)
TH /I€€IDHHACTH% Hả33BIBAIOTCI /I€CIIDHUACTHNIMH, BBIDA3KAđlIOIIHMH 3HAH€HH€ OOCTOATEJIbCTBCHHO-XapakTepH3yrolllee, AGIIAIOMCA OemepmMuHaHmamu
[IT pammatuka-70, c 645; [pammaruka-80, T II, c 181-182]
XâapaKT€DH3V!IOIIH€ 3HAH€HH1 7€€IIDHHaACTHAS B /BYXKOMIIOH€HTHBIX HD€JUIO?K€HHX
€C IJIAFPOJIOM-CKA3YCMBIM B OCHOBHOH qacTH IIPC7H)JIO2KCHHH:
1) BpeMeHHoe: Zm/ OTKA38BIHHCb om yada, noyeloeala mamb,
noz00po6ealace c epagduueli u cena Ha maxmy (H VUnpuna)
2) IDHHHHHOC: CHHTA1 coévimud naweeo 6pemMeHUu Ge;UKUMU, OH menepo Oymaem O6oee 6ce20 O GOCHHIHQHMUH MONOObIX HOKOICHMHH 6 ỊVXO6GHOM unmepHayuoHau3me (BOK)
3) VCTYIIHT€/JIbHO€: (W@Hb CHGHHO, HO, IIDOKHB 6 OepesHe mpu mMecaYya, A noumu HiuKOZO H€ 3Hđ1 (KaBep)
Trang 304) ycnospHoe: [pu 6onewom 2/C€1GH1U, HAIDSTIHIH CHWlbl, €106€K CAaMbIx cpedHux cnocodnocmeti mozcem Oobumoca 4ezo yeoouo (IlaHosa)
TH /€€IIDHHACTH1 34HHMAIOT HGIIDHCJIOBHVIO IIO3HIWEO H OTHOCATCA He K rylarosly-CKa3yeMOMYy OCHOBHOHM 4acTH, a KO BCeMY ID€/JUIO?K€HHIO B HJIOM (27% Oeenpuyacmua sAeLuOMCcA OemepmMuHaHMamUu WM COOTHOCATCA C ` ITDHTATONHOH ACTbIO /€TCDMHHAHTHBIX HID€/UIO3K€HHII W ID€/JIO3KHO-HA/I€KHOl (ODpMOlÍ HM€HH [I pammatuka-80, T II, c.182]
OdveKmom analu3a 6 HawWelu pabdome HGIHOHCH OeenpuYacmUA U OeenpuyacmHnble Obopombl C éB6peMeHHbIM, NPUYUHHIM, ycmynumelbHoIM U JCIO6HbLM 3HAU€HHGM, TAK KAK CVLICCTBVIOT CHHOHHMHH€CKHC CBW3H M€?KJV 2THMH /J€€IIDHUACTHBIMH KOHCTDYKHHWIMH HW IIDHJIATOHHBIMH IID€/UIO?KCHHSMH J€T€DMHH8HTHOIO THIIA, TAâK?K€ IID€/UJIO?KHO-HA/I€KHBIMH (ÙODMAMH HWHMCHH B (DYHKHMWH OỐCTOT€JIbCTB€HHOTO I€TCDMHHAHTA
OctalbHble OOCTOATCJIbCTBCHHbIC 3HAYCHHA /ICCIDHHACTHBIX KOHCTDYKHHH
He DACCMATDHBAIOTCAI Takoe orpaHwyeHve OOBACHAeTCA TCM, HTO B 2THX
JICCHPHMAaCTHZAX HC AKTHBM3MHDYIOTCZA ICTCPMMHHAHTHHIC CBOHCTBA
WraK, 3HaueHHa jleelpwuacTui M /I€€IDHHACTHbIX OOOpOTOB B (ÙYHKHHMH OOCTOATeEJIBCTBEHHOrO /JI€TCDMHHAHTA CJIGIVIOHIHC: epemMeHHoie, NPUYUHHOIe, yemynumellbHole U ycloéHole ITU 3HaYeHHA eellpwyacTuH UU /€€IIDHWACTHBIX OƠODOTOB ID€JICTABJICHBI B /IBYXKOMIIOH€HTHBIX HD€/UIO3KCHHSX C€ TJIATOJIOM- CKa3YeMBbIM B OCHOBHOH actu [I pammatuka-80, T IT, c.183]
CBa3b Me@xKTY /I€€HDHHACTHBIM /J€T€DMHHAHTOM HW OCHOBHOM 4acTBIO IP€/JIOK€HH% HOHIÕHA CBA3H M€?3KIYV HOCTBM HP€JUJIOKCHHCM H- ero J€T€DMHHAHTOM HW MexKAY IJIABHOI H IIDHIATONHOI HACTbBIO /€T€DMHHAHTHBIX
IP€/IO?K€HHH
B dyHKHWH ÕCTOWST€/IbCTBCHHOTO /€TCDMHHAHTA BCTYVHAIOT CBÕỐO/HHBI€ IID€/JIO3KHO-IIA4/I©?KHBI€ (ÙODMBI WHM€HH, IIDH/IATOHHBIC HACTH /ICT€DMHHAHTHBIX IID€/JIOK€HHHÍ H 7€€IDHWWACTHBI© KOHCTDYKHMH (I€€IpHHACTH€ W €€IDHHACTHHIH
Trang 31oOopoT) OHH W/ICHTHHHBI HO CBO€ÌÏ CHHTAKCHdecKỌl YHKHHH, IIO OTHOIICHHEO
K OCHOBHOI HACTH IID€JJIOKCHHI, TAK MTO MOITYT BCTYVHATb B OTHOLICHHA CHHOHHMHMH: JI€€IIDHdACTHA1 KOHCTDVKHH1 MO3K€T ỐBbITb 34M€H€HA IDH/IATONHỌÍ YaCTbIO /ICT€DMHHAHTHBIX IHID€/JIOK€HHH, C€ OHHỌ CTODOHBI, H MO*KeT ObITb 3aM€H€HA HIP€JJIO3KHbIM OƠODOTOM, Cc /IDVTỌ, HpH COỐ/IOJI€HHH OI€/I€JICHHBIX
ycnoBun Hampumep:
"OxkoH4nB wxo7y, [lema nocmynul 6 6y3 - Ilocne Toro kak [lema oxonuul WKONY, OH nocmynun 6 6@ÿ3 - Ilocne okoHYaHHA WIKObI [lems nocmynul 6 6y3" - npwnMep JI MakcnMoBa: (MaKcnwoB, 1966, c 9) (B HacTroaInelf paÕØore He DACCMATPHBA€TC BOIIDOC O 33M€H€ /I€€IIDHdACTHbIX KOHCTDYKHHÌ IID€//IO?KHbIMH ÕODpOTAMB)
JJeeIpHuacTH1 W 7€€TIDWdACTHbI€ OƠODOTBI (I€€IPHHACTHbI€ KOHCTDYKHHH) B (ÌYHKHWH OỐCTOST€JIbCTBCHHOITO /ICTCDMHHAHTA XâäDAKT€DH3VIOTCW CJI€JTYIOIIHMH IIDH3HaAKaMH:
l) OHH sBJI1tOTC1 (ÙaKYVJIbBTATHBHBbIMH DACIDOCTPpAHHT€JIIMH IID€JHJIO?K€HHA ”B y PACHPpOCTP pen
H€JIOM”, TO CCTb, HC CBA3AHbI HH C KAKHM OT€CJIEBHBIM CTO HJICHOM;
2) OHH BBIDA3KAIOT /IÕỐABOHHBI€ OƠCTOIT€JIbCTB€HHO-XâDAKT€DH3VIOIH€ 3HAH€HH1: BD€M€HH, IIDHHHHBI, YCTYHKH H VCJIOBHS;
3) OHH /IOHYCKAFOT 3AM€HY UX IIDHHATOHHOÌÏ HACTbK I€T€CDMHHAHTHBIX IIP€7HIO?K€HHH:
4) OHH H©€ HM€IOT CTDOTO 38KD€ILUICHHỌ HO3HIIWH W MOTYT YIIOTD€Ố2IITbCS B HHT€PIIO3HIMHM, IIOCTIIO3MHHH H TID€IIO3HIHHH IIO OTHOII€HHIO K OCHOBHOI 4acTH
IID€/IJIOK€HHS;
5) VIIOTP€ỐINHEOTCI B H€IIDHCIOBHOI IIO3HHHH, OƠbIHHO B COCTAB€ ÒOcoØ1eHHbix rpyn1I [I pammatuxka-80, T II, c 458-459]
1.4 Berpoabi 10 nepBoli riaBe
B pycckoM 4#3BIK€ /I€€IDHUACTH1 IIHDOKO HD€JICTABJI€HBI bblIO HalHHCAHO
H€MAIIO DÃOT, IIOCBNHIỂHHBIX VIIOTD€ƠJI€HHIO /I€€IIDHUACTHÍ WM /I€€IDHHACTHBIX
Trang 32ÒODpOTOB /]J€€IDHHACTH1 DYCCKOTO s3bIKa H3ÿHAJIHCb C€ pa3HbIX CTOpOH UTo KacaeTca MecTa JI€€IIDHHACTHĂ B CHCT€M€ WaCT€l DedH DYCCKOTO #3bIKA, TO HO 2TOMY BOIIDOCY CYII€CTBVIOT DA3HBI€ TOHKH 3D€HH1, B 33BHCHMOCTH OT TOTO, KaKH€ IIDHHHHIIBI KJIACCH(ÙHKAIHWH HOJIOK€HBI B ©€Ể OCHOBV /J€€IDHHACTH1 BBIJI€JIIIOTCS
TO KAK OCÕA# HACTb D€HH, TO KAK CM€IIAHHA1 HaACTb p€MH j/|€€IIDHWuacTHs OTHOCSTC1 K HADCHHE WIM DACCMATDHBAIOTC1 B COCTAB€ TJIATO/IbHBIX (OpM B HACTO4II€I pAaØOT€ /I€€IDHdACTH1 DACCMATPHBAIOTCI KAK H€H3M€H1€Ma41 (ÙOpMaA
TJIATOJIA, COBM€II3IOIIA1 B CẴ€Õ€ IDH3HAKH, CBỌlÍCTBA TJIATOJIA đ HAp€MHA
(TO KaCA©€TC1 BD€M€HHOTO 3HAH€HH41 /€€IIDHHACTHĂ, TO Õ 2TOM BOIPOC€ y HCC1I€JIOBAT€/I€lÍ H€T ©€IWHOTO MH€HHä Mbi IDHCO€JIIH"€MCS K MHCHHEO O TOM, HTO J€€IDHHACTHW BbIpaKaloT He ỐCOJIOTHOC BDCMI, OTHOCHTCJIbHOC, T © ÕO3H8HAIOT BD€M1 HỆ IIO OTHOIICHHIO K MOM€HTY D€HH, IIO OTHOIICHHIO K MOM€HTV COB€DII€HH1 /IDVTOITO /I€ÏCTBHH, BBIDA3KGHHOTO TJIATO/IOM-CK33V€MBIM BHI€JIIIOTCS CJIG/VIOIIWH€ BDCM€HHBIC 3HAH€HH#1 /€CIIDHHACTHĂ: €€IDHMACTHI, ÕPA3OBAHHBIC OT TJIATOJIOB COB€DII€CHHOTO BH/A, MOIYT HA3bIBATb /I€lCTBHe, IIDOHCXO/IãII€€ OJHOBD€M€HHO C /IDYTHM /©ÌCTBH€M, IID€JII€CTBVYEOII€©€ eMy WIM C/I€IYEOII€€ 3a HHM; /ICCIDHMACTH1, OỐDA3OBAHHbI€ OT T7IAFOJIOB H€COB€DIICHHOTO BHIA, - OIHOBD€M€HHOC H_ Ip€HII€CTBVIOIEe€e B OID€HN€JIỂHHBIX CJIYWAã”X J€CIIDHHACTHW H€COB€DIICHHOTO BHAa HU IJIATOIBI H€COB€DIICHHOFTO BHA ÕO3HAHAIOT IIOBTODHBIE /n€elcTBHI B 3THX OTJI€JIIbHBIX KTAX IIOBTODSIOIIHXCS I€lCTBHĂ đ€€IDHuaACTH1 MOTYT ÕO3HAHATb H 772đỊ11€CIIGYIO1J€€, H HOCI€ỊVIO1/€€
Oelicméue
B coBP€M€HHBX HCCJI€HIOBAHH1X H€JCTABJI€HBI pa3Hble MHeHHA OTHOCHT€/IbHO CHHTaKCwwecKOl YHKIIHH đ€eIpwdacTHli Pa3JIwqWe UX CBOAMTCA B OCHOBHOM K MHHCJIY HW XâpAKT€DV (YHKHHH, BBIIOJIHSCMBIX /I€€IDHHMACTHCM B IID€/JIOK€HWH H CB13AHO € X MODp(O/IOTHW€CKỌi THỐDH/IHOCTbIO MO3KHO CJ€/1ATb BbIBO O TOM, WTO B COBD€M€HHOM DYCCKOM #3bIK€ /I€€IIDHUACTHS BBbIIOJIHSIOT CHHTaAKCHdecKHW€ (ÙYHKHHH BTODOCT€ICHHOTO CKA3Y©MOTO H D43IHHHOTO pO/HA ÕCTOT€JIbCTB, COIIYTCTBVIOIIHX OCHOBHOMY /€HCTBMIO
Trang 33Cpe7w feelpwyacTtuit wu /I€€IIDHHACTHBIX OỐODOTOB, VIOTD€Ố2JIHIOIIHXCH B ÕCTOWT€JIbCTB€HHOW (ÙYHKHHH, OCÕO€C MeCTO 3aHHMaIOT /I€CIIDHUACTH1 H J€€IPHuACTHH€ ÕODOTHI, KOTODBI€ YHKHHOHHDVIOT B K&AH€CTB€ OƠCTOST€1IbCTB€HHOTO /I€T€DMHHAHTA-pACIDOCTPAHHT€:I1 HD€/IJIO?K€HH4 ”B II€JIOM”
B (ÙYHKHIHH OOCTOATEJIbBCTBCHHbIX JICTC©PMHMHAaHTOB BBICTYHAIOT /JICCIIPHWHaACTH1
M /ICCIPHHAaCTHBIC KOHCTDYKHHH CO 3HAHCHHCM BDCMCHH, IIDHHHHBI, YCJIOBHTI HU
VCTYHKH
Trang 34I naBa Bropas CHHOHHIMHKA /IEEHPHUACTHBIX KOHCTPYKHHH H
HIIPHIATOHHHIX OBCTOZSTTEJIBCTBEHHBIX HPE/2IO?KEHHH 2.1 Bonpoc 0 CHHTAaKCH€CKOl CHHOHHMHH B DYCCKOM #3bIK€
21.1 Heenpuuacmnaa Kkoncmpykuua 6 (ÙVHKHHH OƠCHIOHEIGIIbCHIGGHHO2O0
OemepmMuHanma - WICH CHHOHUMUDECCKOCO paAoa
Ilo Bompocy 0 CHHTAKCHH€CKOIH CHHOHHMHH CVIICCTBVT CDABHHT€IIbHO
ØoraTaxa /IinTeparypa [H.H KopTryHoBa, 1955, c 115-142; II Puxtep, 1973, c 48- 57; B.IL Cyxormn, I960; A.JI IIyMwnnna, T961, c 273-287; JI.II 3afmepa, 1964,
c 77-8l; M.@Ồ Ilanepckaa, 1964; JLM Bacnnbep, 1965, c 3-8; A.H IBo3/7eB, 1973; JLO Makcwwos, 1966, c 3-10; )JLM IIlenryHopa, 1968, c 71-79; 3 7], Ilonopa, 1968, c 3-10; I.A 3oioropa, 1973, c 109-114; P.® Mopoa, 1973, c 92- 102; E.® TepexnHa, 1976, c 29-33; HLA Jlekanr 1978, c 10-18] Y ornx
HCCJICJIOBAT€JICÍ HT ©/HIHCTBA TOHCK 3pPpeHHA O IIOHITHH CHHTAKCHH€CKOTO
CHHOHHMA llpnBenŠM HCCKOJIBKO OIP€/I€JIeHHH CHHTAKCWHWNCCKOTO CHHOHHMAđ
a) “CHHTAKCHH€CCKHMH CHHOHHMAMH CJICJIYCT CHHTATb KOHCTDYKLIH,
I€JCTABJIIIOIIH€ HO/IHHIÍ TPpAMMATHu€CKHỦ IIAPAJLUI€IH3M HM_ pA3JINdAFOHIHeCd
TOJIbKO TeCMH 32/I€M€HTAMH, KOTODPBIC ABJIAKOTCA BBIDA3HT€JIIMH /IAHHOTO TpaAMMATHW€CKOTO 3HaW€HH1 (a TaK?K€ TÊMH 3/I€M€HTAMH, KOTODBI€ TCCHO CB5138HBI € IocJ1eHwnMđø) `” [H.M KopTryHoBa, 195%, c 133]
6) (CHHTAKCHH€CKHMH CHHOHHMAMH IIDH3HAIOTC1 ”1BYXKOMIIOH€HTHBI€ KOHCTDYKIIHH, Õ/IAAIOIIHC TO3KI€CTB€HHBIM CHHTAKCHH€CCKHM 3HAH€HHCM, O/IHHAKOBBIM JI€KCHH€CKHM H MODpđOJIOTHd€CKHM COCTAaBOM” [A.JL IHlyMH:IHHa,
1961, c 286]
6) "Takue pa3mMuarolivecs 10 CTpyKType CBOOOAHbIe COeMHCHHA, HX 4YacTH
H Ố0/I€€ CJIO?KHBI€ CHHTAKCHI€CKH€ OỐDA3OBAHH4 /3HHOTO 3bIKA B /IAHHYIO 2IOXY e€rO pa3BHTHA, KOTODBI©C BBIDA?3KAiOT O/IHODO/IHBI€ OTHOHICHH1 H CBW3H BJI€HHH peaJIbHoli 1elficrBwT€7IbHocTw” [B.II Cyxormn, 1960, c 14]
Trang 35Onipe7eIeHws CHHTAKCHHCCKOTO CHHOHHMMA CBZ13AHBI C DA3HBIM IIOHXOHOM K JJICKCHHCCKOMY COCTABVY COIOCTABJDICMHIX CHHTAKCHYCCKHX ۩/IHHHN H HX
oỏKy” [LIIL.A JleKaHT, 1978, c 12]
PyHKYUOHAIbHbIU NOOXOO TpeOyeT OTHOCHTEIIBHOLO TOK TCCTBA JICEKCHYCCKOFO cocTaBa COHOCTABJIICMBIX CHHTAKCHU€CKHX ©IHHHH Takai CHHTAKCHU€CKA4 CHHOHHMH1 3aKJIIOdA€TCä B D43JIHHHỌ II€D€/IAaq€ O/HOTO H TOTO ?K€ KOHKD€THOTO CO/€D?KaHH1 DA3HbBIMH CHOCÕOaAMH, ÕO/I€€ HJIH MGH€€ THIIHHHBIMH: ”Ÿ 12€H9 ỊẴ@TU -
Al umero Oemet Jlemu mou - Jlemu npunadnesxacam He" A.I]I JleKaHT OTMewaeT,
4TO OOa HO/IXO/IA IDABOM€PHBI, ©CJIH OHH T€OD€THueCKH oOOocHOBaHBI [II.A Jlexant, 1978, c 12]
Muorve ĐHWCCI€IOBATGIH CHHTAIOT (ÙYHKHHOHAIbHBHÌH HOIXOI Oosee IDABHMJIbHBM, TaK KaK CTPYKTYPHbIM TWOAXO He TOJIbKO CV3KA€T TPAHHIUI CHHOHHMHH B CHHTAKCHC€, HO H B€/I€T K CM€IICHHIO HIOHHTHÍ CHHOHHMHMHBIX
KOHCTDYKHMH M CHHTAKCHHCCKHX BADHAHTOB
M.IIL Onwnnopa |M.II OnnHnobBa, l973, c 4], HaipHMep, HHIIET, 4TO HekoToppie aBTOpbI (FI.H KoBTyHoBa, A.JI lIllyMHIHHA H IDVTH€) CY?KAIOT TPAHHIIY CHHTAKCHu€CKHX CHHOHHMOB TaK, FÏl.H KoBTyHoOBa TpeÕØYy€T Hp€/€/IbHOlÍ
Iapa/IeH3Ma KaqecTrBe CHHTaKcHdecKHX CHHOHHMOB Fl.WH KoBTyHoBa
pacCMaTpHBaeT IIDHHATOHHBI IIDHHHHHI CC PDA3/INHHHBIMH IIOHHHMHHTCJIBHBIMH
Trang 36coro3aMH: "Jlulemanmam HayKa HedOocmynHa, MOTOMY YTO MexCOyY HUMU U HaYKOU cmoum ux muunocme" - "/TulemaHmam HayKa Hedocmynna, HỐO M€2/CÒV HIUMH t HayKOu cmoum ux IHHHOCHTbĐ` - ` HUICHAHAGM HGVKA H€ÒOCHIVHHđ, Tak Kak €2/CÒV HUMU U HayKOU cmoum ux 1uunocmp` [H.H KopTrynosa, 1955, 134] B cBa3u c 2THM IID€HICTABJII€TCI CHPAB€/JIIHBBHM 3aMewanHne M.@, llaneBCKOẲHñ:
"llpHB€N€HHB€ IIDHM€DBI CBH/€T€JIbCTBVIOT O TOM, nTO LH KoBTyHOBaA (haKTHH€CKH CBO/IHT CHHTAKCHH€CKYK) CHHOHHMHMKYV K CHHOHHMHK€ COIO30B” [M.®,
llaneBpckax, 1964, c 89|
K” pacCMaTpHBAa€MOMY BOIDOCV HHaqe HOIXOHHT A.JL IHHIyMHIHHa,
TP€OVHOIIA4 ÕCOJIOTHOTO TO3KI€CTBA JI€KCHH€CKOTO HM_ MOD(QO/IOTHH€CKOTO HAIOJIH€HH1 KOHCTDYKHHH: ”ÏÍ2múocä1L M€?KIV OepeéebsAmu - npAMAaMbCA MEXKILy Oepeeves XOOumMb’ BO3II€ ÒOM@đ - XoÒUïb HOJUI€ Ò01⁄đ" ÏaKO€ CV3KeHWe TpAHHI CHHOHHMHH B CHHTAKCHC€, COIJIACHO MHOTHM HCCJI€IOBAT€JISM, B€H€T K CM€II€HHI HOHWTHÌ CHHOHHMHUCCKHX KOHCTDVKHHÍ WU CHHTAKCHH€CKHX
BapHaHTOB lÏpaB, Ha HaII B3TJ111, JL.M BacniIlbeB, KOTOpbIl 1nHIeT, qTro Á.)T,
[lyMHJINHA OTDAHHHHBA€T KDYT CHHOHHMOB TOJIbKO /IYỐJI€TAMH HHTBIBA41 2TO, HAM IID€/CTABJIICTCI, 4TO (ÙYHKIHOHAIbHB HOIXOI K_ CHHTAKCHI€CKOH CHHOHHMWMW BJIICTCH ÕOJI€€ IIDABHJIbHBIM, TaK KAâK COHOCTABJHICMBIG
CHHTAKCHH€CKH€G €JWHHHBI OJDKHBI Dp43JI8daTbcd J1eKcwdecKH [JI.M Bacuibes,
1965, c 5]
B smtTepatype 10 CHHTaKCHYeCKOM CHHOHHMHKe CYIIeCTBYIOT /IB€ TOHKH 3peHua Ha cmpyKmypHoe O(ODMUI€H1€ COIIOCTABJIICMBIX CHHTAKCHH€CKHX ©JIHHHH: 1) C/I€TIY€T JIH CHHTATb CHHOHHMAMH CHHTAKCHI€CKH€C €/IHHHIBI, DA3HBI€ HO CTDYKTYP€ (CHHOHHMHu€CKHÍ D17 pA3HbIX YDOBHeÏÍ), HJIH 2) CHHTATb CHHOHHMAMH TOJIbKO CHHTAKCHHCCKHC ©/IHHHIII, OỐJIAIAEOHI©E CXOHIHOÌÏ CHHTAKCHH€CKOH
CTDYKTYPpOH (CHHOHHMHW€CKHII Dd1/I OTHOTO YDOBH3)
HanpnMwep, E.H Ilennenpc |E.H LHHennensc, 1954, c 75} cwnTaeT KOHCTDVKHWH “nocle J€2ØKO2O 346MÐđKđ”° WU “HOCIG PO2O, KŒK 3 J€2KO nozaempakal H€CHHOHHMHMHHBIMH, IHOTOMV 4YTO 2TO KOHCTDYKHHH pa3Hbix
Trang 37YPOBHeH; KOHCTPyKIIMH %*Ke "WeeKO no3zaempaKae" WU "nocle moz20, KAK A Jl@2KO no3a6mpakal'' CHHOHUMHYHBIMH, IIOCKO/JIbKY 2TO KOHCTDYKHHH OHOTO ypoBHa B 3TOl cB3n B.lIL CYXOTHH OTM€HAGT, HTO "NOAOOHbIC yTBeEpxKAeHHA Tpy HO CHHTATb ÕOCHOBAHHBIMH B 2TOM H /IDVTOM CJIYHA€ COIIOCTABJIIIOTC1 ÕJIH3KH€ HO 3HAH€HHIO, HO ITDAMMATHH€CKH DpA3/INuatoHiWecs KOHCTpyKHHH” [B.LL CyxoTmhn,
1960, c I5] B.IL CyxoTwH cHHTaeT pa3HOCTDYKTYDHOCTb COHIOCTABJIICMBIX
©/IHHHII OCHOBHbIM IOK33AT€JICM CYIICCTBOBAHH1 CHHTAKCHH€CKOI CHHOHHMHMH B s3bIKe: "BJIH3KW€ HO 3HAq4©€HHIO CHHTäKCHH€CKHW€ ÕDA3OBAHHM1 TOJIbKO B TOM CJIYWa© MOryT ObITb OTHC€C€HbI K CHHOHHMAM, ©CJIH HADHIY c OObeMHAFOUIMMU HX 3/ICM€HTAMH H@JIM4YeCTBYIOT XOTA Obl MHHMMAJIbHbIC CTPYKTYPHO-CceMaHTHYeCKHe pa3iwnwwx" [B.lL Cyxorun, 1960, c 21]
Jia Halle paOoTbl BaxKHbIM BJII€TCH HDH3HAHH€C W ÕỐOCHOBAHH€G TOTO (bakTa, WTO CUuHMaKCUYeCKAaA CUHOHUMUA OƠHQDV2CHGGGICH M€2'CỊV €ỊUHWUGŒMU
Pa3HbIx ypo6Heu
JLO Makcumop HnmmeTr: "HHÍnpoKO pacmpocrpaHeHa CHHOHHMHA ÒOCOG7I€HHbBIX ÕODOTOB H IIDH/IATOHHBIX HD€/UIO?K€HHÏI, IID€/I/IO?KHO-II3€3KHBIX KOHCTDYKHHÌ W IIDHIATOHHBIX IID€/JIO?K€HHIH, HạDHMeP: QKOHMHB /KO1y, lÏems nocmynun 6 6y3 - Ilocne Toro kak IleTta OKOHHHJI HIKOJIY, OH HOCHVHUI 6 63 -
Ilocne oKOHWaHHW1 IHKOJIBI Jlema nocmynun 6 ey3." [Maxcumos, 1966, c 9; JLIL 3alnepa, 1964, c S1; B.H KonoHenKo, 1967, c 47]
Hap41Vy C€ HOHATHCM CHHTAKCHU€CKOTO CHHOHHMA B JIHHTBHCTHM€CKOH WMTepatype CyMIeCTBYIOT NOHATHA CHHTAKCHYeCKOLO BapHaHTa H CHHTAKCHH€CKOTO pata
Cunmaxkcuueckull 6apuaHm OHD€HGISIGTCH CIGHVIOHMM OỐPA3OM:
"BapwHaHTAaMH MII HA3biBAe€M (ÙYHKIHOHä/IbHO-TO?KI€CTBCHHBIC CHHTAKCHH€CKH€ MO/I€JIH, WM€IOIIH€ O/IHMHAaKOBO€ CTDYKTYDHO€ CO/I€P?KAHHe€, XapaKT€DH3Y!IOIIHe€C1 O/IHHAKOBOIÍ IHCTPpHỐYHH€Ì W OT/IHHAIOIIH€CS JIHIIb OTJI€JIbHbIMH (ÙODM8/IbHbIMH 3/I€M€HTAMH CTDYKTYDBIL HJIH “BHYTDH MOJ€JIbBHBIMH I€ÒỐDA3OBAaHHSMH”: Tbịi obewan mue KHuey - Tol obewan KHuey - Tot obewan w4H€” CHHTAKCHq€CKHMH
Trang 38BapHaHTaMH Ha3biBaloT TakxKe Oyosemol "JlyOneTbl - 9TO CHHTakcMueckne BapHaHTbl, He DA3/IHdAIOIIHEC1 IO ynoTpeOseHuto" Hanpumep: "Yyscdvie Ham 632N10b1 - UVHCObIE OJLA HAC 63211001; | ylamb BeuepaMu - 2yiaAmb no eeuvepam" [3.)I Ilonopa, 1968, c 9-10] wim napanienbHele KONCMpyKyuUU: "NpuHecmu Mmo6apuUly -
npuxecmu oa moeapuya" [M.ệ Ilanespckas, 1964, c 97]
CHHTAKCHHẠCKHẹC BapHaHTbl OTIIMYAIOTCH OT CHHTAKCHHẠCKHX CHHOHHMOB aOCOJIKOTHBIM TO3KIẠCTBOM JIẠKCHHẠCKOTO COCTABA HW paBHOCTpyKTYPHOCTbIO
O(ODM.IẠHH1 COIIOCTABJUICMBIX CHHTAKCMHHCCKHX C7IHHHHI
CpaBHuBad NOHATHe CHHTakcHyeckoro CHHOHMMa B.II CyxOTHHaA c NOHATHEM queHa cHHTakcuyeckoro paya H.K) LllsenoBol, MO3KHO OTMẠTHTb, HTO MẠ?KJTY HHMH WMẠẠTCđả OIIDẠ/ICICHHOẠ CXO/ICTBO LỳJIẠHAMH CHHTAKCHHẠCKOTO D14 MOTYT ỐbITb KOHCTDYKHHH KaâK ạJIH3KHẠ IO CTDYKTYVDẠ, TâK H DA3/INHHBIẠ B CTDYKTYDHOM OTHoOIIeHMH H.K) IllgenoBa IOI CHHTAKCHUẠCKHM PD#IOM HOHHMAẠT HAạOD
CCMA8HTHUẠCKOIW" (CẠOOTHOCHTGJIbHOCTH HW Oạ/AHAFOT CHOCOOHOCTBO K B3AHMO3AMẠIIẠHHIO, OTDAHHHMHBAIOIIlHC1 HIẠHTHuHOCTbBIO (yHKnHH |H.EO IHbenopa, 1967, c 209; B.lL Cyxorun, 1960, c 16]
OcHOBbIBaacb Ha IO/IOKeHHax H.KV) Illsenopol n B.lI CyxoTHHa, MO?KHO IPHĂTH K_ 34KIIOqẠCHHIO, 4TO CHHTAKCHUẠCKHC CHHOHHMBIL HJH HJIẠHBI CHHTAKCHWẠCKOTO D4/I1A XapaKTẠDH3VIOTCS:
l) OTHOCHTẠJIbHbIM TO?KIẠCTBOM JICKCHẠCKOTO COCTAB4đ;
2) pa3HOCTPYKTYDHOCTbIO OÙODM.IẠHHS;
3) H/ICHTHHHOCTbIO CHHTaAKCHWeCKHX (bYHKIHĂ;
4) cIOCOửHOCTbIEO B33MO3aMẠIIATbC1;
5) OạO3HAWATb O/HO H TO 3KẠ CMBbICJIOBOẠ CO/IẠP?KAHWẹ
JỳẠeIIpwdacTHa1 KOHCTDYKIMH4, IẠ/IIO3KHBHIH OÔODpOT (72@Ò102/CHbIl Oử0Đ0Of
He paccmampueaemca 6 Haweli pabome) WM AeTeCPMMHAHTHbIe TIDH/ATOHHBIG IPẠ/JIOKẠHH% (BDCMẠHHBIC, IIDHHHHHBIC, VCTYVIHTẠJIbHBIC HU YCJIOBHBIC)
Trang 39IID€/CTABJIIEOT CÕOlÍ TaKH€ KOHCTDYKHHH, KOTODBI€, COOTHOCWCb € O/HHM HU TEM 3K€ OỐb€KTHBHBIM CO/€P?3KAHHCM, IHIO-DA3HOMV O(ODMIHIOT ero lĨpWB€TIeM
IIPHMCDBI CHHTAaKCHHCCKMX PATIOB:
a) 6pemennoe 3HaYeHUe (OOHO6pemeHHOcmU): "Bcompeyasdco C JIOTbMH, OHA HeyMepeHHO xBasiMsia Mya // Kozda BcTpeyalach C JIOHbMH, (IIpH BCTpeye Cc JIO/bMB) OHA H€YM€D€HHO XBAJIH/Ia My3Xa” [JI.A /jepn6ac, 1987, c 127-128]; 6) GDẴ@M€GHHO€ 3HqqeHUu€ (npedwecmeoeanua): “Oxonuue wkoly, eta
IOCTYHHII B BV3 // locne mo2o KaK ÌÏ€T# OKOHHNHII HIKOJIY, OH HOCTYHHJI B BV3 // Iloc;Ie oKOHdaHMWx IIKO.IBI | leT# 1IOCTVHHAI B By3" [JI.O Makcumos, 1966, c 9];
6) 3HaYeHUe NDUYUHOL: "OH CKa3asl ITH CHOBA, HAGeACb PAaCCeATb HEJOYMeHHe okpy>xxarollMx // OH cka3asI 9TH CIIOBa, MAK KAK HajlesJICA paccedTbh H€JIOYM€HH€ OKDV3KAKOIIHX // OH cka3aJl 39TH CJIOBA B H3/I€3KI€ paccedTb HeJJOyMeHHe
OKpYy?xafomiax" [JI.A /jepøm6ac, 1987, c 127-128];
2) 3Hqq€HU€ VCmVHKU: `ƯTJIHHHO 32Hđ% AHTJIHĂCKHÌH 3BIK, OH HỆ MOXK€T
I€D€B€CTH HIJIHÏCKHÌ HAayWHO-T€XHHH€CKHÌ T€KCT HA CBOIÏ DOHHOHI 3BIK // Hecmompa wa HO, HO OH OTIIHNHO 3HA€T HTI/IHÍCKHH A3bIK, OH HE MO?K€T I€D€B€CTH HIJIHÏCKHÌ HAayWHO-T€XHHH€CKHÌ T€KCT HA CBOlÏ DOHHOÌI 3BIK // HecMOTPp1 Ha OT/IHHHO€C 3HAHH€ HIJHHCKOTO A3bIKa OH HỆ MO?K€T H€D€B€CTH aHT7INỨCKHÌ HayWHO-T€XHHu€CKHỈ T€KCT Ha CBOlÍ DO/IHỌÍ 13bBIK”;
Ị) 3HqueHu€e yeloeud: "PaÕomad CKVHO, DOỐKO HW_ H€D€HIHT€JIbHO, BBI 70?KJI€T€Cb KYKHIIA € MâCJIOM // E1 BBI ỐY€T€ DAOOTATb CKYVIO, DÕKO H H€D€IIHT€JIbHO, TO /IO3KJI€T€Cb KYKHIHIA € MâACJIOM // llpH cKyHOH, pOỐKOl H H€D€IIHT€/IbHOlÍ DÃOT€ BBI 7IO?KI€T€Cb KYKHIHA € MâCJIOM " [T.H 3nHwqeHKo 1973,
97, 100]
B cuxHmaxcuyeckue pxAObl, TIPMBeCHHbIC BBIII, BXO/JIT TPH WieHa: Oeenpuyacmnaa KOHCMpyKuUA, NDUOAMOUHOE Npeososcenue VW ID€JUIOKHHIl ÕODOT
TH KOHCTDYKHHH BCTYHAIOT /IDYVT € /IPVTOM B OTHOII€HH4 (ÌYHKHIHOHAJIbEHO-