Lecture Management (2nd edition) – Chapter 2: The evolution of management

This chapter’s objectives are to: Describe the historical foundation of management, explain the beginnings of modern management theory and education, outline the progression of the quantitative approach to management, outline the progression of the humanistic approach to management, interpret the factors that led to a balanced approach to management.

MANAGEMENT SECOND EDITION Chapter The Evolution of Management Learning Objectives § § § § § Describe the historical foundation of management Explain the beginnings of modern management  theory and education Outline the progression of the quantitative approach  to management Outlinetheprogressionofthehumanisticapproachto management Interpretthefactorsthatledtoabalancedapproachto management Copyrightâ2017JohnWiley&Sons,Inc TheHistoricalFoundationsof Management(p.32) Đ WealthofaNationAdamSmith(p.33) ã Đ Divisionoflaborworkersspecializeonatask Corporation ã Legalentityformedandstructuredtoachieve goalswithspecialprotectionsforowners Đ DartmouthCollegev.Woodward Copyrightâ2017JohnWiley&Sons,Inc DiscoveringandTeaching ManagementTheory(p.33) Đ BureaucraticmanagementMaxWeber(p. 34) ã Bureaucracyanorganizationmarkedby: Đ Đ Đ Đ § §  Division of labor  Managerial hierarchy  Formal selection  Career orientation Formal rules and controls Impersonality Copyright ©2017 John Wiley & Sons, Inc Discovering and Teaching  ManagementTheory(cont.) Đ AdministrativemanagementHenriFayol(p. 35) ã Administrativetheory Đ Đ Đ Identifiesthefunctionsofmanagement Successfulmanagementlinkedtosatisfiedand motivatedemployees Providedthebasisformanagementeducation Đ Principlesofmanagement Copyrightâ2017JohnWiley&Sons,Inc TheQuantitativeApproach(p.37) Đ Soldiering ã Workerstestedmanagementbyperformingasslowlyas possible,whilecreatingtheimpressionthattheywere workingfast Đ Đ Đ Quantitativeapproach ã Đ Naturalsoldiering Systemicsoldiering Applyingobjectivemethodstoenhancedecisionmaking Managementscience ã Usingstatistics,mathematics,andotherquantitative methodstoimproveefficiencies Copyrightâ2017JohnWiley&Sons,Inc TheQuantitativeApproach(cont.) Đ ScientificmanagementFrederickTaylor(p.37) • • • Classical perspective – make organizations and workers  operate as efficiently as possible Used quantitative approach to analyze and synthesize the  flow of work to maximize productivity Task­management system – combination of setting  performance standards, selecting the best worker for the  job, and building good relations between managers and  employees(p.38) Đ HarringtonEmersonprinciplesofefficiency Đ Blueprintfortheartandscienceofmanagement Copyrightâ2017JohnWiley&Sons,Inc TheQuantitativeApproach(cont.) Đ MotionstudiesFrankB.Gilbreth(p.39) ã • § Motion picture cameras captured the step­by­step  movements taken to complete a task Sought efficiencies by orchestrating the maximum results  for the least worker effort Scientific management and the mind – Lillian  Gilbreth (p. 40) • • Studiedhowmanagerialperceptions,emotions,and thoughtsaffectedworkandemployees Threehistoricaltypesofmanagement Đ Đ Đ Traditional Transitory Scientific Copyrightâ2017JohnWiley&Sons,Inc TheQuantitativeApproach(cont.) Đ VisualizingmanagementHenryGantt(p.40) ã Habitsofindustry Đ ã Trainingconvertedinvisibleinternalforcesintovisible behaviorssuchasindustriousnessandcooperation Developedmethodsforvisualizingperformance standards Đ Importanceoftime Copyrightâ2017JohnWiley&Sons,Inc TheQuantitativeApproach(cont.) Đ Qualitymovement(p.42) ã FordMotorCompany Đ Assemblylinepartsaddedsequentiallytomanufactureaproduct morequickly Đ ã ã Interchangeableparts Operationsresearchestablishedaquantitativerationale fordecisionsthatleadtogoalattainment EdwardsDeming Đ § § § § Continuous improvement (p. 43) Quality circles Lean manufacturing Total quality management Six sigma Copyright ©2017 John Wiley & Sons, Inc TheHumanisticApproach(p.43) Đ Đ Focusedonthehumansideofmanagement Hawthornestudies(p.44) ã ã Employeesmotivatedbymorethanmoney Groupdynamicshaveanimpactonworkermoraleand performance § § § • Illumination study – performance increased when lighting  increased or decreased Relay assembly test room – productivity increased following  various changes in work conditions Interviewing program – non­directive interviewing (p. 45) Managers encouraged to treat workers as people Copyrightâ2017JohnWiley&Sons,Inc TheHumanisticApproach(cont.) Đ Conflict:MaryParkerFollett(p.45) ã Constructiveconflictpositiveoutcomesfromgroup conflictemergewhenindividualidealsremainintactand becomepartofasinglewhole(p.46) Figure2.2 Copyrightâ2017JohnWiley&Sons,Inc TheHumanisticApproach(cont.) Đ Conflict:MaryParkerFollett(cont.) ã Đ Powerwithpeople,notpoweroverpeople(p.47) Motivation:DouglasMcGregor ã TheoryXnegativeassumptionsaboutworkermotivation Đ ã TheoryYpositiveviewaboutworkermotivation Đ ã Peopledonotlikework;mustbecoercedorintimidated Peopleenjoythementalandphysicalpurposeofwork;trytoexpandtheir personalcontributions Behavioralmanagementreliesonunderstandingindividual behaviors,decisions,andattitudestomotivateemployees Copyrightâ2017JohnWiley&Sons,Inc TheBalancedApproach(p.48) Đ Contingency(situational)theory ã Đ Differentorganizations,situations,andcontextsrequiredifferent approaches Cooperation:ChesterI.Barnard(p.49) ã ã • Entropy – inefficient organizations lose social and market­based  energy leading to the decline of the system Negative entropy – social and market­based energy that builds or  maintains a system Managers must maintain an equilibrium of internal and external forces  and their relationship to the organization § Cooperative system – managers of effective and efficient organizations  control and influence people’s behavior by modifying their motives Copyright ©2017 John Wiley & Sons, Inc  ... Describe? ?the? ?historical foundation? ?of? ?management Explain? ?the? ?beginnings? ?of? ?modern? ?management? ? theory and education Outline? ?the? ?progression? ?of? ?the? ?quantitative approach  tomanagement Outlinetheprogressionofthehumanisticapproachto... Outlinetheprogressionofthehumanisticapproachto management Interpretthefactorsthatledtoabalancedapproachto management Copyrightâ2017JohnWiley&Sons,Inc TheHistoricalFoundationsof Management( p.32) Đ WealthofaNationAdamSmith(p.33)... DiscoveringandTeaching ManagementTheory(cont.) Đ AdministrativemanagementHenriFayol(p. 35) ã Administrativetheory Đ Đ Đ Identifiesthefunctionsofmanagement Successfulmanagementlinkedtosatisfiedand