Nghiên cứu sự tham gia của người dân trong quản lý phát triển du lịch nông thôn vùng đông bắc việt nam tt tiếng anh

1 INTRODUCTION The necessity of the research In recent years, people in rural areas in the Northeast have gradually gained access to rural tourism - a type that is considered quite new in Vietnam Accordingly, each locality has a number of potential tourism sites to develop this type of tourism and those localities through the support from the government and international donors have started to succeed in attracting domestic and foreign tourists Since then, the response of the local people in the activities to serve tourists when in 2018, 1.290 households participated in developing this type of tourism in the Northeast (accounting for 31,6% of total area households) Although this number is not large, it proves the effect and potential of future rural tourism development in the region However, besides the success in changing people's awareness, the further development of this type of tourism also faces a number of obstacles when people participate in rural tourism development are not yet equipped with the basic knowledge and skills of receiving, managing and serving travelers In addition, they have not been instructed on how to clean from the family to the surrounding landscape such as village roads, etc In addition, the mechanism of benefit sharing among stakeholders is not really clear Therefore, the participation of people in rural tourism development is currently only symbolic, passive and the process of transition from passive to active participation, from not participating to participating needs to be drastically directed by the Government and local authorities because the concept of rural tourism development is not only about creating economic benefits, but also about conservation preserve and promote cultural and historical values in rural areas and it is believed that people's participation plays a key role in maintaining rural tourism development Stemming from current theoretical and practical issues about the need for the participation of people in rural tourism development, the author decided to choose the topic “Studying people's participation in rural tourism development management in Northeastern VietNam” to clarify the content, extent and factors affecting their participation in rural tourism development in Northeast Vietnam in the coming years 2 Research objectives 2.1 General objectives The dissertation studies the participation of people in the management of rural tourism development in the Northeast of Vietnam through the contents of rural tourism development planning; Building rural tourism management structure; Organize the implementation of rural tourism activities; Promotion and Control of Rural Tourism; Assess the influence of the factors on people's participation in the management of rural tourism development in Northeast Vietnam From there, propose some suitable solutions to increase their participation in the management of rural tourism development in the Northeast in the coming years 2.2 Specific Objectives - Complete theoretical and practical issues on rural tourism, rural tourism development and citizen participation in rural tourism development management - Assess the content and level of participation of people in the management of rural tourism development in the Northeast - Analysis and evaluation of factors affecting people's participation in rural tourism development management in the Northeast of Vietnam - Proposing solutions to increase people's participation in the management of rural tourism development in the Northeast Object and scope of the study 3.1 Object of the study The object of the dissertation is the participation of people in the management of rural tourism development in Northeast Vietnam Research households involved and not yet involved in the management of rural tourism development in the Northeast 3.2 Scope of the study - Scope of research content The dissertation focuses on researching and analyzing the following main contents: Firstly, the content of people's participation in rural tourism development management is based on the aspects of rural tourism development planning; Building rural tourism management structure; Organize the implementation of rural tourism activities; Promotion and Control of Rural Tourism; Secondly, analyze and assess the level of citizen participation in rural tourism development management Thirdly, analyze and evaluate the impact of factors affecting the participation of people in the Northeast of Vietnam through the benefits gained; barriers, people's views and State policies Fourthly, propose solutions to enhance people's participation in rural tourism development management - Scope of space The dissertation conducts research in the Northeast region of Vietnam Including provinces (Ha Giang, Bac Kan, Thai Nguyen, Cao Bang, Lang Son, Bac Giang and Tuyen Quang) The sample of people and managers was collected at rural tourism sites - Scope of study time The dissertation uses secondary data sources in the period from 2016 to 2018 Solutions and recommendations of the thesis are proposed to 2025, vision to 2030 Primary data is investigated in 2018 New contributions of the dissertation Firstly, The dissertation has completed a number of theoretical and practical issues on rural tourism, people's participation in rural tourism development management, analyzing the importance of people's participation in activities of rural tourism development management - Secondly, The dissertation contributes to the development of an analytical framework for the participation of people in the management of rural tourism development in Northeast Vietnam - Thirdly, The dissertation analysis the current situation of participation in rural tourism development management in Northeast Vietnam; assess the impact of these factors on people's participation Through quantitative analysis by multivariate regression model, the dissertation has demonstrated that the factors included in the analysis all affect the participation of people in the management of rural tourism development in Northeast Vietnam From there, showing the meaning and great contribution in recognizing the role of the people, encouraging people to participate more actively, help balance benefits and harmonize the relationships between stakeholders 4 - Fourthly, Based on the views and objectives of the Northeastern rural tourism development in the coming time, combined with the remaining issues and results of the SWOT model analysis on rural tourism, the thesis proposes 02 solution groups and 03 recommendations groups to enhance people's participation in the management of rural tourism development in the Northeast to 2025, with a vision to 2030 Dissertation structure Apart from the introduction and conclusion, the dissertation consists of four chapters: Chapter 1: Literature review Chapter 2: Theoretical and practical basis for citizen participation in rural tourism development management Chapter 3: Research Methodology Chapter 4: Current situation of citizen participation in rural tourism development management in Northeast Vietnam Chapter 5: The solution is to increase people's participation in rural tourism development management in the Northeast of Vietnam Chapter LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 Foreign research works on people's participation in rural tourism development management In the world, research works on rural tourism in general and the participation of people in rural tourism development management in particular have been analyzed by many authors In those studies, the theory of rural tourism as a concept, rural tourism development trends is presented in detail In addition, by using different research methods, the works have demonstrated the influence of the factors on people's participation in rural tourism development in each other research space, such as: Cevat Tosun et al (1989); Pretty (1995); Garrod (2003); Wen Jun Li (2005); Tosun (2000); Michael M (2009); Tulay Cengiz et al (2011); Latkova et al (2011); Sirivongs and Tsuchiya (2012); Bengi Ertura et al (2012); Sook-Fun Fong et al (2014); Mastura Jaafar et al (2005); Rasoolimanesh M S (2017) 1.2 Domestic studies on people's participation in rural tourism development management In recent years, there have been a number of research works on rural tourism in Vietnam and people's participation in rural tourism development management Using a combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis, studies have shown the role of rural tourism and the analysis of specific factors that influence people's participation in development Rural tourism development in different spaces as Nguyen Quoc Nghi et al (2012); Nguyen Viet Ha (2012); Bui Thi Thu Van (2015); Nguyen Thi My Hanh (2017) 1.3 General assessment of overview In the world and in Vietnam in recent years, a number of research projects have been conducted on the participation of local people and communities in the management of rural tourism and community based tourism development Because the study is conducted in different time and space conditions, the factors in each given model may or may not overlap and therefore, the results will not be the same 1.4 Knowledge gap Chapter THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL BASIS FOR PEOPLE’S PARTICIPATION IN RURAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT 2.1 Rationale for people's participation in rural tourism development management 2.1.1 General overview of rural tourism 2.1.1.1 Concept of rural tourism 2.1.1.2 Characteristics of rural tourism 2.1.1.3 Types of rural tourism 2.1.1.4 Stakeholders involved in rural tourism 2.1.2 Rural Tourism Development Management 2.1.2.1 Concept of Rural Tourism Development Management Rural tourism development is an increase in the size, number of businesses, business establishments and households associated with the shift in tourism structure, contributing to job creation and income generation for people in the field of rural tourism Managing rural tourism development is a deliberate impact to achieve high results and efficiency through the rural tourism development planning process; Building rural tourism management structure; Organize the implementation of rural tourism activities; Promotion and Control of Rural Tourism 2.1.2.2 The role of Rural Tourism Development Management 2.1.2.3 Principles for management of rural tourism development 2.1.3 Participation of people in rural tourism development management 2.1.3.1 The concept of Participation of people People's participation in rural tourism development management is a process when people carry out one, several or steps in planning content; building organizational structure; organize the implementation of rural tourism activities; promote and control the development of rural tourism with the aim of creating benefits for themselves and the community 2.1.3.2 The role of the people in the management of rural tourism development 2.1.3.3 Content of people's participation in rural tourism development management a, Rural tourism development planning b, Building tourism management structure c, Organize the implementation of rural tourism activities e, Promotion f, Control 2.1.3.4 The level of citizen participation in rural tourism development management 2.1.4 Factors affecting people's participation in rural tourism development management 2.1.4.1 Rationale for selecting factors affecting people's participation in rural tourism development management 2.1.4.2 Factors affecting people's participation in rural tourism development management a, Benefits of participating in rural tourism b, Barriers encountered when participating in tourism c, People's opinion about the decision to participate d, Government support policies 2.2 Experience of enhancing people's participation in rural tourism development management 2.2.1 Experience of enhancing people's participation in rural tourism development management in the world 2.2.1.1 Rural tourism in Indonesia 2.2.1.2 Rural tourism in China 2.2.1.3 Rural tourism in Japan 2.2.1.4 Rural tourism in Thailand 2.2.2 Experience of people's participation in rural tourism development management in Vietnam 2.2.2.1 Duong Lam Village - Hanoi City 2.2.2.2 Bo Duong Village, Hong Phong Commune, Hai Duong Province 2.2.2.3 Dong Hoa Hiep village, Tien Giang province 2.2.3 Lessons learned from the participation of people in the management of ecotourism development from countries around the world and Vietnam Through research on the participation of people in the management of rural tourism development in some countries in the world and some localities in the country, it shows that whether for developed or developing economies, the role of the people is of utmost importance Governments and local governments need to take appropriate policies and steps to support the development of rural tourism and enhance the participation of stakeholders in general and the people in particular in developing the type This travel picture Therefore, it is necessary to learn from previous experiences from your country and provinces, then apply them in accordance with specific conditions and specific characteristics of rural tourism in the province In which need special attention: - Awareness of the role of people in the management of rural tourism development Besides, Incorporate rural tourism development planning into the common tourism development policy: - Focus on capacity building for rural tourism stakeholders - Building strategic partnerships with tourism companies to develop rural tourism - Ensuring the fairness and transparency of the distribution of profits among community members - Building and developing rural tourism products in the direction of each specific product - Rural tourism development with conservation of sustainable orientation values Chapter RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Approach method 3.1.1 Approach to inheritance 3.1.2 Typical approach 3.1.3 Participatory approach 3.1.4 Individual approach 3.2 Analytical framework for the participation of people in the management of rural tourism development in the Northeast 3.3 Research Methods 3.3.1 Method of collecting information 3.3.1.1 Method of collecting secondary information 3.3.1.2 Method of collecting primary information 3.3.2 Methods of aggregating and processing information 3.3.3 Information analysis method 3.3.3.1 SWOT analysis method 3.3.3.2 Comparative method 3.3.3.3 Descriptive statistics analysis 3.3.3.4 Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) 3.4 Results of group discussion on factors affecting people's participation in the management of rural tourism development in the Northeast 3.4.1 Benefit factor 3.4.2 Barriers 3.4.3 The point of view of the people 3.4.4 State policy factor 3.4.5 Factors intended to involve people 3.5 Research target system 3.5.1 Criteria for assessing rural tourism development 3.5.2 Criteria for assessing people's participation Chapter CURRENT SITUATION OF PEOPLE’S PARTICIPATION IN RURAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT IN NORTHEAST VIETNAM 4.1 Overview of rural tourism development potential in Northeast Vietnam 4.1.1 Natural condition 4.1.2 Socio-economic characteristics 4.1.3 Potential development of rural tourism in the Northeast 4.2 Current situation of rural tourism development in Northeast Vietnam 4.2.1 General information about the Northeastern tourism destinations and products 4.2.2 Situation of policies to support the development of rural tourism in the Northeast 4.2.3 Business establishments and households engaged in rural tourism business 4.2.4 The number of tourists visiting the rural tourism 4.2.5 Number of employees working in rural tourism 4.2.6 Results of rural tourism business 4.2.7 Difficulties in rural development in the Northeast 4.3 Actual situation of people's participation in the management of rural tourism development in the Northeast 4.3.1 General information about the study object 4.3.2 Content participating in the process of rural tourism development management 4.3.2.1 Percentage of people participating in rural tourism development management activities 4.3.2.2 Participation of people in the planning process 4.3.2.3 Participation of people in the process of building organizational structure 4.3.2.4 Participation of people in the process of organizing rural tourism implementation 4.3.2.5 Participation of people in the process of promoting tourism 4.3.2.6 Participation of people in tourism control process 4.3.3 The level of participation in rural tourism development management process 4.3.4 Analysis of factors affecting the people's participation in the management of rural tourism development in the Northeast 4.3.4.1 Assessment of the research subjects the factors affecting the participation in rural tourism development management activities a, Benefits b, Barriers c, The point of view d, Policies 4.3.4.2 Model analysis results of factors affecting people's participation in the management of rural tourism development in the Northeast a, The reliability of the scale 10 b, Explore factor analysis (EFA) Table 4.23 Summary of EFA analysis results for variables Observed Variance of variables KMO Eigenvalue extract Note Benefits Barriers The point view Policies Joining of 0,866 3,787 57,343 Accepted 0,856 3,852 58,149 Accepted 0,907 4,227 60,390 Accepted 0,855 3,212 80,311 Accepted 0,764 3,448 68,968 Accepted (Source: Summary of survey results) c, Analysis of correlation coefficients between research concepts in the model Table 4.25 Testing correlation between dependent variables and independent variables LI RC QD CS DD Pearson -.054 103* 145** 525** Correlation LI Sig (2-tailed) 245 025 002 000 N 473 473 473 473 473 Pearson -.054 -.113* -.091* Correlation 253** RC Sig (2-tailed) 245 014 047 000 N 473 473 473 473 473 Pearson 103* -.113* 251** 247** Correlation QD Sig (2-tailed) 025 014 000 000 N 473 473 473 473 473 Pearson 145** -.091* 251** 252** CS Correlation Sig (2-tailed) 002 047 000 000 11 N 473 473 473 473 473 Pearson 525** 247** 252** Correlation 253** DD Sig (2-tailed) 000 000 000 000 N 473 473 473 473 473 * Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed) ** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed) (Source: Summary of survey results) d, Analysis of multivariate regression models on factors affecting people's participation in rural tourism development management Table 4.26 Regression analysis of the factors affecting people's participation in rural tourism development management Unstandardized Standardized Collinearity Coefficients Coefficients Statistics Model t Sig Std B Beta B Error (Constant) 2.316 215 10.786 000 Benefits 400 031 481 12.951 000 973 1.028 Barriers -.176 033 -.199 -5.385 000 982 1.019 The point 120 032 142 3.728 000 925 1.082 of view Policies 106 031 129 3.372 001 919 1.088 (Source: Summary of survey results) e, Comparative analysis of differences in people's participation in rural tourism development management by demographic characteristics  Comparative analysis of people's participation by gender The results in Appendix 4.1 show that in the t-test for Equality of Means column, the testing factors with sig> 0.05 show that there is no significant difference Statistics on people's participation in rural tourism development management by gender (Appendix 4.1)  Comparative analysis of citizen participation by age In the ANOVA analysis, we find that the participation of people in rural tourism development management is not different among different age groups (Appendix 4.2) 12  Comparative analysis of people's participation by ethnicity The results in Appendix 4.3 show that there is no statistically significant difference in people's participation in managing rural tourism development by ethnicity This implies that there is no difference in views or participation in rural tourism development among Kinh people and ethnic minority groups (Appendix 4.3)  Comparative analysis of people's participation by education level In the t-test for Equality of Means test column, we see that the testing factor with sig> 0.05 shows that there is no statistically significant difference in the participation of people people in rural tourism development management by education level (Appendix 4.4)  Comparative analysis of people's participation by number of household members Appendix 4.5 shows a statistically significant difference in participation in rural tourism development management by number of household members (sig