Nhu cầu tham vấn tâm lý của học viên các trường sĩ quan quân đội nhân dân việt nam tt tiếng anh

1 INTRODUCTION Reasons for the study Currently, people are under several pressure of a developed society, with growing conflicts between the needs and their satisfaction, between the rapid changes of society and human’s adapting ability There are several situations where the appropriate solutions are needed, the conflicts between emotions and reason, between conditions and abilities, between desires and results, etc At this very moment, many people cannot decide what to do, how to deal with it, especially when facing with psychological difficulties In these circumstances, people often hope to receive psychological support to be able to resolve the conflicts that arise in life, which is also called the needs for psychological counselling Thus, the study indicates the specific manifestations so as to have appropriate supportive measures to help people adapt to their living circumstances The issue of psychological counselling needs has been paid due attention by many foreign authors, especially cadets’ psychological counselling needs The results of several works have shown that cadets have high needs for consultation in academic matters, relationships, personal and professional development The research by Gokhan Atik and lhan Yalcona (2010) has confirmed: Accurate and regular evaluation of consultation needs and consultation services in accordance with those needs is very necessary On that basis, the authors have made recommendations for schools to conduct a continuous assessment of cadets’ needs to develop or modify consultation programs to suit cadets’ changing needs appropriate to the social development impact In Vietnam, as reported by the Ministry of Education and Training in a survey conducted at some secondary schools, junior high schools and universities in Hanoi, Hai Duong shows that most of them attend Cadets (93.57%) were asked to encounter difficulties and obstacles to share in learning and daily life (of which, 95.33% for high school cadets and 85.92% for undergraduate cadets) Accordingly, in recent years, a number of universities, colleges and professional secondary schools have actively organized consultation activities, job seeking advice for cadets Some high schools have organized school consultations for cadets, attracted a large number of cadets to participate and have high efficiency The above-mentioned consultation and consultancy activities have met a part of the pressing needs to answer the psychological and emotional problems of the pupils and students It can be seen that the domestic and foreign studies are not only interested in studying and assessing the level of expression of psychological counselling needs of cadets, but also emphasizing the role of participating activities meet pupils and students’ needs Cadets at military schools of the Vietnam People's Army are now in the process of forming and developing their personality fully However, that development does not take smoothly but at every stage of development often appears anxiety, stress, and psychological imbalance These things make some cadets face many difficulties in life and activities On the other hand, in the process of training at Military officers' schools, some cadets still face psychological difficulties such as: unstable learning motivation; inadequate awareness of objectives and training requirements Along with that, the pressures of learning and training activities; problems that arise in communicating and resolving relationships; awareness of self-development, military career development, etc without timely consultation and support, made some cadets show low awareness of cultivation and training, lack of effort in study and training There are also some cases that must be dismissed for disciplinary violations, inadequate health standards or cadets voluntarily write a letter of resignation From the above-mentioned issues, it has appeared in the cadets the needs for psychological counselling to solve psychological difficulties in life as well as in the training process at the school However, due to the peculiar nature of military activities, at military schools of the Vietnam People's Army not organize the psychological consultation, and there is also no force to conduct consultations professional to meet cadets’ needs Therefore, the study aims to show the manifestations, the levels and the factors affecting the psychological counselling needs of cadets On that basis, the thesis seeks to propose measures to meet cadets’ needs of consultation, thereby, helping them feel secure in studying, training and fulfilling their objectives and requirements of military schools of the Vietnam People's Army The study of the needs of psychological counselling of pupils and students and many other subjects has been conducted both theoretically and practically abroad and in Vietnam However, until now, there is no direct and thorough study on the psychological counselling needs of cadets of military schools of the Vietnam People's Army From the above-mentioned reasons, the author decides to choose the issue: "The needs for psychological counselling of cadets at military schools of the Vietnam People's Army" as the topic of his doctoral thesis Purposes and tasks of the study Purposes The thesis introduces the theoretical and practical issues on cadets' psychological counselling needs; accordingly, it proposes measures to meet the needs of psychological counselling of cadets, contributing to improving their learning and training results during the training at military schools of the Vietnam People's Army Tasks The thesis formulates the theoretical basis on the psychological counselling needs of cadets at military schools of the Vietnam People's Army; conducting surveys and assesses the current situation of the needs for psychological counselling and the reality of factors affecting the psychological counselling needs of cadets at military schools of the Vietnam People's Army; analysing the portrait of cadets' psychological counselling needs; and proposing measures to meet the psychological counselling needs of cadets at military schools of the Vietnam People's Army Object, participants, and scope of the study Objects The expression, the level and the factors affecting the psychological counselling needs of cadets at military schools of the Vietnam People's Army Participants Study participants: The emergence and evolution of psychological counselling needs of cadets at military schools of the Vietnam People's Army Survey participants: Cadets; lecturers and cadres managing cadets at the People's Army officers' schools in the study area, and psychological counselling experts at consultation centres Scope In terms of content: Researching the theoretical basis of psychological counselling needs of cadets at military schools of the Vietnam People's Army; focus on clarifying the manifestation, the level of demand for: content of psychological counselling, form of psychological counselling and the person doing psychological counselling; clarify factors that affect cadets' psychological counselling needs In terms of participants and the study area: The thesis conducts surveys questioners with 378 division-level training cadets, 111 lecturers and 129 cadres managing cadets at 03 Military Officers Colleges of the Vietnam People's Army: The Army Officers College N2, The Political Officers College and The Engineering Officers College In terms of time: The thesis is conducted from November, 2017 to September, 2020 Scientific hypotheses The needs for psychological counselling of cadets of the People's Army officers' schools is expressed at a high level through: The demand for the content of psychological counselling, the needs for the form of psychological counselling and the needs for There is a demand for people in the field of psychological counselling, in which the demand for people with counselling is at the highest level The psychological counselling needs of cadets at military schools of the Vietnam People's Army are influenced by many subjective and objective factors, of which subjective factors have a stronger influence than the objective ones Some measures can be proposed to meet the needs of cadets' psychological counselling, thereby contributing to improving their academic and training results during the training process at military officers' schools Methodology and research methods Methodology The thesis is conducted basing on Marxism – Leninism’s theory, Ho Chi Minh’s thought; the Communist Party of Vietnam’s views and guidelines; the resolution of the Central Military Commission; directives and instructions of the Department of Schools on education - training The psychological approaches used in the thesis include: operational approach; system approach; interdisciplinary approach and development approach Research Methods Within the scope of the thesis, we use the following methods: Methods of document research: Analysing, synthesizing, systematizing, generalizing sources of documents in order to collect and exploit information to build theoretical basis of the thesis The documents and documents studied include: The classic works of Marxism - Leninism, Ho Chi Minh thought; Documents, Resolutions of the Communist Party of Vietnam and the Central Military Commission, documents, directives, reports of agencies and units related to the research issue; research works, dissertations, topics, scientific reports, scientific articles and monographs on psychology Methods of practical research: Expert method; investigate by questionnaire; method of observation; in-depth interview method; research methods of operating results; analysing psychological portraits, etc Methods of data processing by mathematical statistics: SPSS 20.0 software is made use of to process data New contributions of the thesis In terms of theory The thesis has systematized the works on the needs for psychological counselling, supplemented the concept and theory of psychological counselling needs of cadets of the People's Army officers in Vietnam into the psychological theory system Specifically, the thesis has clarified the cadets 'needs for psychological counselling as a form of mental needs and influences the results of their activities in life as well as in the training process at military schools The thesis has focused on analysing the manifestations, the level of psychological counselling needs and the factors affecting the psychological counselling needs of cadets of military schools of the Vietnam People's Army In terms of practice The thesis has conducted related surveys, assessed the current situation of expression, the level of psychological counselling needs of cadets through specific manifestations including: demand for the content of psychological counselling; needs of the form of psychological counselling and the needs of people working with psychological counselling The results show that the fields that express the needs of cadets' psychological counselling are all at a high level, in which, the needs of the trainees on the psychological counselling workers have the highest level of expression The thesis has identified the relationship between the participants' psychological needs by conducting a correlation test The results have shown that the fields that express the needs of cadets' psychological counselling are positively correlated and all three areas have a positive and very strong correlation with cadets’ needs of psychology counselling The results of the thesis indicate that the psychological counselling needs of cadets of military schools of the Vietnam People's Army are influenced by two groups of factors: Subjective and objective factors In which, the subjective and objective factors have a strong and very strong influence on the psychological counselling needs of cadets The thesis proposes four measures to meet the cadets’ needs for psychological counselling during their training process at military military schools of the Vietnam People's Army Theoretical and practical significance of the study The results of the thesis will contribute to add, develop and enrich the theory of the needs for psychological counselling in military psychology By clarifying the expression, the level of psychological counselling needs and the factors affecting the psychological counselling needs of cadets, the thesis has proposed measures to contribute to meeting the needs of psychological counselling of cadets of military officers' schools The application of the research results of the thesis will increase the applicability of psychology to the life of military operations Besides, the thesis can be used as references for lecturers, leaders and commanders at all levels in psychological counselling for cadets during their learning and training at military schools of the Vietnam People's Army The structure of the study The thesis includes: Introduction, chapters (13 periods), conclusions, recommendations, list of works published by the author, references and appendices 6 Chapter AN OVERVIEW OF THE THESIS-RELATED RESEARCH SITUATION 1.1 The foreign works related to the needs for psychological counselling 1.1.1 The works on the manifestation needs of cadets’ psychological counselling Here are some typical authors paying attention on this issue: John B Bishop, Karen W Bauer and Elizabeth Trezise Becker (1998), Pius N Nyutu (2007), Gokhan Atik and lhan Yalcona (2010), Ashiq Hussain Dogar et al the (2011), Noriah Mohd Ishaka and Abu Yazid Abu Bakar (2010), Ahmed Elhassan Hamid Hassan and Pali Farah Ahmed Farah (2013), Jane Karimi et al (2014), Abdul Azeez V P and Sumangala V (2015), Lata Sati and Deepika Vig (2016), Ruth Njeri Kamunyu, Catherine Ndungo and Geoffrey Wango (2016), Ahmad MJ Alfawair and Abdullah Saif Al Tobi (2017), etc Most of the works show that cadets' needs for consultation are manifested mainly in the fields of study, communication, relationships, personal and career development and life-skil problems 1.1.2 The works on the ways of meeting the needs of psychological counselling for cadets The authors Robinson J.P., Shaver, P.R., and Wrightsman, L.S (1991) have proposed the use of internet-based tests to conduct consultations The works by Steen S (2009), Steen S., Henfield M.S and Booker B (2013), Roghayeh Sohrabi et al (2013), Derk Stephens, Sachin Jain and Kioh Kim (2010), point out that group consultations are an effective form of consultation, helping to improve cadets’ academic achievements and help them develop social competencies Meanwhile, Robert J Reese, Collie W Conoley and Daniel F Brossart (2002), indicate the effectiveness of the form of telephone consultation The works by Andrea Chester and Carolyn A Glass (2006), Shane Haberstroh et al (2007), Terry Hanley and Darcy J Reynolds, Jr (2009), Amla Salleh et al (2015) , Wyke Stommel and Hedwig te Molder (2015), etc state: Online consultations are characterized by valuable and effective email consultations as traditional forms of consultation The authors Lawrence Murphy et al (2009), Serife Gonca Zeren (2015), Zaida or Zainudin and Yusni Mohamadd Yusop (2018), point out: Online consultations can bring customer satisfaction such as referencing faceto-face consultation, even higher Thuryrajah V, Ahmed EM and Jeyakumar.R (2017), state that: Individual and group consultations, classroom instruction and advisory activities directly contribute to students’ success in the classroom 1.1.3 The works on the qualities and skills of people in charge of psychological counselling at schools The works by Cormier.L.S and Hackney.H (1993) and Poi Kee Low (2009), refer to consultants’ attitudes, behaviours and personalities Fareo Dorcas Oluremi (2014), and John OE Egbo (2015), mention the basic qualities of a consultant including: Patience, listening, nonjudgment, empathy, encouragement, and understanding, and friendliness, sense of humour, patience, sincerity, tolerance, and intelligence in all situations The studies by Robert L Gibson and Marianne H.itchell (1995), James H and Jacqueline H L (1999), Tan Esther (2004), discuss to the basic counselling skills required by school counsellors Some other authors such as Madhav Gavai and Shubhangi S Gaikwad (2012), Neukrug ED (2012), Ruhani Mat Min and Mohd Yusuf Abu Bakar (2015), Nova ErlinaYaumas et al (2018), emphasize that it is crucial for people in charge of consultations to have not only necessary qualities but they also need to have basic consultation skills and competencies 1.2 The works in Vietnam on the needs for psychological counselling 1.2.1 The works on the demand manifestations of cadets’ psychological counselling There are several authors showing interest in researching the needs for psychological counselling of cadets Typical authors include: Tran Thi Minh Duc, Do Hoang (2006), Bui Thi Xuan Mai (2006), Dinh Thi Hong Van, Tran Thi Tu Anh (2011), Hoang Thi Tam, Tran Thi Tu Anh (2012), Dinh Thi Hong Van, Nguyen Phuoc Cat Tuong, Nguyen Thi Quynh Anh (2014), etc They all point out that: the content of cadets’ psychological counselling needs is very diverse and various, which is expressed in the following points: learning; relationships with teachers; relationships with friends; relationships with the opposite sex; relationships with family members The authors Le Nguyen Anh Nhu (2012), Kieu Thi Thanh Tra (2012), Pham Thanh Binh (2014), Pham Van Tu (2015), Nguyen Thi Tram Anh et al (2016), etc indicate the manifestations of the needs for psychological counselling when facing psychological difficulties in their life 1.2.2 The works on the demand manifestations of psychological counselling of pupils and students Along with pointing out the needs for consultation content, a number of authors in the country are also interested in indicating the needs for cadets’ psychological counselling The authors Duong Thi Dieu Hoa, Vu Khanh Linh, Tran Van Thuc (2007), Tran Thi Le Thu (2011), The Author Group Hoang Thi Tam, Tran Thi Tu Anh and the author Dinh Thi Hong Van, Nguyen Phuoc Cat Tuong, Nguyen Thi Quynh Anh (2014), Le Nguyen Anh Nhu, point out the needs for cadets' forms of consultation including: direct consultation with each individual; direct consultation with groups of similar difficulties; telephone consultation; consultations via correspondence, email; consultation via forum and website The authors Pham Van Tu (2014), Pham Thanh Binh, the authors Pham Thi Hai, Nguyen Van Cau et al (2015), Nguyen Thi Tram Anh et al (2016), also point out the needs of pupils for counselling problems when faced with psychological difficulties in life as well as in school 1.2.3 The works on the expression of needs of people in charge of psychological counselling of pupils and cadets The indication of the needs for psychological counselling of pupils and students is mainly shown in the study of psychological counselling needs of this object The works by Le Nguyen Anh Nhu, Hoang Thi Tam and Tran Thi Tu Anh; Dinh Thi Hong Van, Nguyen Phuoc Cat Tuong and Nguyen Thi Quynh Anh, Pham Van Tu, Pham Thi Hai, and Nguyen Van Cau show that pupils and students hope that people in charge of counselling must be those who are really close to them and must have knowledge about socio-culture, consultation, psychological counselling, have counselling skills, respect and ensure confidential information for people in needs of psychological counselling 1.3 An overview of the results of published works and the issues need addressing in the thesis 1.3.1 An overview of the results of published works From the research results of typical scientific works published by domestic and foreign authors related to the need for psychological counselling, some basic contents can be generalized as follows: Firstly, foreign authors pay due attention to research the needs of psychological counselling and activities to meet the needs of psychological counselling for the subjects, in which, pupils and students are the main ones The results have shown that the demand for psychological counselling of cadets manifests mainly in the fields of learning, communication, relationships, personal development, career development and life skills issues These authors also affirmed the effectiveness and limitations of the forms of consultation as well as the ability to use widely in the school environment to be able to meet the needs of psychological counselling for cadets Studies all suggest that people in school consultations play a leading role in activities that meet the needs of cadets In order to fulfil their role, the people in charge of consultations need to have qualities and certain skills Secondly, in Vietnam, psychological counselling has only been developed since the 90s of the twentieth century but has been interested by many scientists, especially studies on the needs for psychological counselling of pupils and students The results show that: The demand for psychological counselling content of pupils and students is quite diverse and various, in which, focusing on the key areas such as learning, training, communication, issues related to personal and professional development Pupils and students present diverse and various needs for psychological counselling, in which direct consultation with individuals and groups in the consultation room of the school or centre consultations are selected by cadets more than indirect forms of consultation The desires of cadets and cadets for the quality of those who consultations are: Must have knowledge of social culture, have knowledge of the field of consultation, of psychological counselling, know how to use psychological counselling skills, trust people in need of psychological counselling, respect and ensure confidential information for people in need of psychological counselling Thirdly, the works on the needs for psychological counselling abroad and Vietnam mainly focus on pupils and students in high schools or colleges, civil universities, and yet there have been no works on the needs for psychological counselling of cadets at military universities 1.3.2 The issues need further addressing in this thesis Firstly, formulating a system of instrumental concepts, directly serving the research of the thesis topic such as needs; psychological counselling; psychological counselling needs and psychological counselling needs of cadets of the Vietnam People's Army officers Generalizing and assessing the psychological and operational characteristics of cadets, which serve as a basis for identifying the source of cadets' psychological counselling needs Secondly, indicating the manifestations and the level of psychological counselling needs to make criteria for assessing the psychological counselling needs of cadets Thirdly, generalizing and analysing the factors affecting cadets' psychological counselling needs Fourthly, clarifying the current situation of the manifestations, the level of psychological counselling needs and the current influence of the psychological counselling needs of cadets and giving a portrait analysis the needs psychological counselling On that basis, proposing measures to meet the needs of psychological counselling of cadets during their training at military schools of the Vietnam People's Army Conclusion of chapter The psychological counselling need is an issue of interest to foreign and Vietnamese researchers The scientific works have shown the needs for consultation content of pupils and students; the forms meeting the needs of pupils and students, the qualities and skills of school counsellors; expression of the need for consultation forms and 10 expressions of demand for advisors By giving an overview of domestic and foreign research studies on the needs for psychological counselling, the thesis expands its approach to generalizing, analysing and explaining relevant scientific issues Simultaneously, the thesis draws out the issues need supplementing, completing and developing Chapter THE THEORETICAL BASIS ON THE NEEDSS FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSELLING OF CADETS AT MILITARY SCHOOLS OF THE VIETNAM PEOPLE'S ARMY 2.1 The theory on the needs for psychological counselling 2.1.1 The needs 2.1.1.1 The concept of the needs The needs are demands and desires of a person about an object that people feel needs to be met in order to develop in certain conditions and situations 2.1.1.2 The characteristics of the needs The needs arise from operations; the specific content of the needs; the needs can be satisfied by certain means; the needs are always dynamic, growing and cyclical 2.1.1.3 Classification of the needs There are many ways to classify the needs, each based on certain grounds However, any classification is only relative, because in reality, human needs are closely related, interacting, intertwined Especially in the above classifications there is no classification indicating the location of the needs for psychological counselling in such needs categories, therefore, within the scope of this thesis, we conceive that the needs for psychological counselling is a form of human’s high spiritual needs 2.1.2 The psychological consultation Psychological counselling is a consultant's supportive process for clients, in which counsellors with professional knowledge, skills and ethics establish a positive interaction with clients so as to be aware of their problems, emotions and actions, and daily life’s psychological difficulties 2.1.3 The needs for psychological counselling 2.1.3.1 The concept of psychological counselling needs The needs for psychological counselling are the demands and desires of clients to receive interaction, exchange and support from the counsellors about the counselling contents through certain counselling forms when they face psychological difficulties that arise in their lives so that they are aware of the problems, change their emotions and actions, and effectively solve their own psychological problems 11 2.1.3.2 The characteristics of psychological counselling needs The needs for psychological counselling arises from difficulties in human life and activities; The needs for human psychological counselling is always directed to specific content; the methods to satisfy the needs for psychological counselling; the ways of satisfying the needs for psychological counselling; the conditions that satisfy psychological counselling needs 2.2 The psychological characteristics and activities posing the needs for psychological counselling of cadets at military schools of the Vietnam People's Army 2.2.1 The concept of at military schools of the Vietnam People's Army Cadets at military schools of the Vietnam People's Army are young men and soldiers who meet the standards of age, health, political background, ethical qualities and aspirations for long-term service in the Army They are selected through military admissions under the regulations of the Ministry of Education and Training and the Ministry of Defence, they are studying and training at Army officers' schools to become future army officers 2.2.2 The psychological characteristics of cadets at military schools of the Vietnam People's Army 2.2.2.1 The characteristics of cadets' awareness, affection, and willpower; 2.2.2.2 The personality characteristics of cadets; 2.2.2.3 The communicative characteristics of cadets; 2.2.2.4 The social and psychological characteristics of cadets 2.2.3 The characteristics of activities posing the needs for psychological counselling of cadets at military schools of the Vietnam People's Army 2.2.3.1 The main activities of cadets at military schools of the Vietnam People's Army are learning and practicing according to the objectives and training requirements of the school and the Military; 2.2.3.2 Activities of cadets at military schools of the Vietnam People's Army take place in a typical military pedagogical environment which is strictly organized, disciplined and strict; 2.2.3.3 Activities of cadets at military schools of the Vietnam People's Army take place in various forms and characteristics of methods and means of achieving results; 2.2.3.4 The activities of cadets at military schools of the Vietnam People's Army require great psychological and physical effort 2.3 The theory of psychological counselling needs of cadets at military schools of the Vietnam People's Army 2.3.1 The concept and the characteristics of psychological counselling needs of cadets at military schools of the Vietnam People's Army 12 2.3.1.1 The concept of psychological counselling needs of cadets at military schools of the Vietnam People's Army The psychological counselling needs of cadets at military schools of the Vietnam People's Army are the cadets’ demands and desires to receive interaction, exchange and support from counsellors on the counselling contents through certain counselling forms when they encounter psychological difficulties arising in their lives as well as during their training process at school so that they are aware of the problems, change their emotions and actions and effectively deal with their own psychological difficulties 2.3.1.2 The characteristics of psychological counselling needs of cadets at military schools of the Vietnam People's Army The needs for cadets 'psychological counselling arises from the difficulties in their lives and activities at the Army officers' schools; Needs of psychological counselling of cadets are always directed to the specific content; the methods to satisfy the cadets' psychological counselling needs; Forms of satisfying the cadets' psychological counselling needs; the conditions satisfying cadets’ psychological counselling needs 2.3.2 The manifestations and the level of psychological counselling needs of cadets at military schools of the Vietnam People's Army 2.3.2.1 The manifestations of the needs for psychological counselling of military school cadets The needs for psychological consultation of cadets at military schools of the Vietnam People's Army through: The needs for the content of psychological consultations, the demand for the form of psychological counselling and the needs for people in charge of counselling 2.3.2.2 The level of the needs for psychological counselling of military officers' cadets Level 1: The level of the needs for psychological counselling is very low Level 2: The level of the needs for psychological counselling is low Level 3: The level of the needs for psychological counselling is of average Level 4: The level of the needs for psychological counselling is high Level 5: The level of the needs for psychological counselling is at a very high 2.4 The factors affecting the psychological counselling needs of cadets at military schools of the Vietnam People's Army 2.4.1 The subjective factors The subjective factors include: cadets psychological difficulties during their training process at the school; cadets' understanding of psychological counselling; cadets' beliefs about the effectiveness of their psychological counselling activities and their related relationships 2.4.2 The objective factors 13 The objective factors include: The strong development of media; the Party and State’s remuneration policies for the army officers; Military pedagogical environment in Army officers' schools and the trainees’ consulting capacity Conclusion of chapter By researching, selecting and inheriting the results of the thesis related works, and stemming from the purpose of research, the thesis has formulated, analysed, and clarified the key concepts: needs, psychological counselling, psychological counselling needs and psychological counselling needs of cadets at military schools of the Vietnam People's Army By analysing the psychological characteristics and activities that give rise to the needs for psychological counselling of cadets at military schools of the Vietnam People's Army, the thesis has identified the manifestations of psychological counselling needs of cadets through 03 areas: the needs for psychological counselling content; the needs of the form of psychological counselling and the needs of people in charge of psychological counselling and 05 levels as a basis for assessing the current situation of psychological counselling needs of cadets at military schools of the Vietnam People's Army Additionally, the thesis also identified many factors affecting the psychological counselling needs of cadets at military schools of the Vietnam People's Army, including subjective and objective ones Chapter RESEARCH CONDUCTION AND METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research conduction 3.1.1 Units under research: The Army Officers Training College N2; The Political Army Officers Training College and The Engineering Army Officers Training College The study is conducted from 2017 to 2020 3.1.2 Participants Including 378 cadets; 111 lecturers and 129 cadres managing cadets at Military officer schools within the research scope of the thesis 3.1.3 Research contents Studying theoretical issues on the need for psychological counselling in general and the psychological counselling needs of cadets of Vietnam People's Army officers in particular from a psychological perspective Survey, assess the status of psychological counselling needs and the status of factors affecting the psychological counselling needs of cadets; conduct a portrait analysis of the psychological counselling needs of cadets of the Vietnam People's Army officers Based on the research results, the thesis proposes measures to meet cadets' psychological counselling needs 3.1.4 The phases of research Phase 1: Theoretical research, drafting tools and preliminary surveys, completing detailed outline; Phase 2: Surveying, assessing the 14 situation, analysing psychological portraits, proposing measures to meet cadets' psychological counselling needs and writing the contents of the thesis; Phase 3: Check survey data and continue supplementing the thesis content; Phase 4: Complete the thesis 3.2 Methodology In order to complete the thesis, we have made use of a combination of many different research methods such as: Document research methods; Professional solution; Methods of investigation by questionnaire; Methods of observation; In-depth interview method; Research method of active products; Methods of analysing psychological portraits and methods of processing data by mathematical statistics Conclusion of chapter The thesis is carried out through various stages and uses a combination of different research methods of psychology The research methods are implemented appropriate to the research objectives and tasks and in accordance with practical conditions; it ensures the reliability in the process of assessing the current situation of psychological counselling needs of cadets at military schools of the Vietnam People's Army The results obtained during the surveys are processed by SPSS statistical program in the Window of version 20.0 Chapter PRACTICAL RESULTS OF THE NEEDS FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSULTATION OF CADETS AT MILITARY SCHOOLS OF THE VIETNAM PEOPLE’S ARMY 4.1 The current situation of psychological counselling needs of cadets at military schools of the Vietnam People's Army 4.1.1 The results of analysing the current situation of cadets' psychological counselling needs 4.1.1.1 The current situation of cadets' need for psychological counselling * The current situation of the content of psychological counselling of participants in the whole sample The thesis conducts the measurement of indicators to assess the needs for the psychological content of participants identified across the entire study population, and the results are shown in the following chart: 15 Chart: 4.1 The current situation of cadets' needs for psychological counselling Chart 4.1 shows that all participants think that the needs for the content of psychological counselling of cadets is high (GPA = 3.77; SD = 0.48) Of which, the highest level of expression is the need for consultation on communication (GPA = 3.89; SD = 0.67), the lowest level of expression is the need for consultation on training (GPA = 3.68; SD = 0.73) * The current situation the content of psychological counselling of cadets based on the school year The One-way ANOVA test showed that there was no statistically significant difference between cadets in the academic year in self-assessment of the need for content of psychological counselling during training at army officers' schools However, the results of the in-depth testing showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the groups of learners by school year for learning and communicative needs * The current situation of cadets' psychological counselling content based on academic results The results tested by Independent samples T - test (t) showed that, although there was a difference in GPA, there was no statistically significant difference in the evaluation of groups of cadets with other academic results with each other for the needs of psychological counselling content (t(376) = 0.210; p = 0.771> 0.05) and the need for psychological counselling in each specific content * Comparison between the self-assessment of cadets and the evaluation of lecturers and managers for the needs of cadets' psychological counselling content Using the One-way Anova test, as a result, there was no statistically significant difference between the cadets' self-assessment and the evaluation of lecturers and managers for content needs Psychological questions of cadets However, the results of the Bonferroni in-depth test show that there is a difference between the selfassessment of cadets and the evaluation of lecturers and managers for training needs (with p = 0.000 and p = 0.003