Bức tranh ngôn ngữ văn hóa dân tộc Nga Việt (dựa trên ngữ liệu tên gọi động vật và thực vật)

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XAHOHICKHH TOCYHAPCTBEHHBIH YVHHBEPCHTET HHCTMTYT HHOCTPAHHDIX S3bIKOB

NOCJEBY3OBCKHH ®AKYJIBTET

Ths 2s 2 2K 2 2K 2K OK

ES RTU

ort eps

DAI HOC NGOAI NGU

HI YEH TXY TXY

(NGUYÊN THU THỦY)

PYCCKAH HAIIHOHAJIBHAZ21 JIHHIBOKYJIBTYPOBEHNHECKAZI KAPTHHA MIHIPA B COHIOCTABJIEHHH C BbETHAMCKOH

(Ha MaAT€DHA.1€ H33BAHHÌÍ 3KHBOTHBIX H DACT€HHII)

BỨC TRANH NGƠN NGỮ VĂN HĨA DÂN TỘC NGA VIỆT

(Dựa trên ngữ liệu tên gọi động vật và thực vật)

7HMCCEPTAIHIHã

HA COUCKGHUE VW€HOf CMeneHU Ma2UCMpa GUIOOZUYECKUX HAYK

CTIIeIIWaJIbEHOCTb: PYyCCKHÍ 3BIK MHnerc : 60.22.05

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XAHOIICKHH TOCY/IAPCTBEHHBIH YHHBEPCHTET HHCTMTYT HHOCTPAHHDIX S3bIKOB

NOCJEBY3OBCKHH ®AKYJIBTET

Ths 2s 2 2K 2 2K 2K OK

ety, Ore Oo RTU Ning &

DAI HOC NGOAI NGU

HI YEH TXY TXY

(NGUYÊN THU THỦY)

PYCCKAH HAHMHMHOHAJIBHAA JIMHT BOK YJIBTY POBEJTYECKAA KAPTHHA MHPA B COIOCTABJIEHHH C BBETHAMCKOM

(Ha Matepnaiie H33BAHHÌÍ ?KHBOTHBIX H DACT€HHI)

BỨC TRANH NGƠN NGỮ VĂN HĨA DÂN TỘC NGA VIỆT

(Dựa trên ngữ liệu tên gọi động vật và thực vật)

JIHMCCEPTAHH“đ

HA COUCKGHUE VW€HOf CMeneHU Ma2UCMpa GUIOOZUYECKUX HAYK CrielvasIbHOCTb: PyccKuii A3bIK

MHnerc : 60.22.05

HayuHhIl pyKOBOHWT€¿Ib: K.Q®.H To Txwn HraH AHb

TS T6 Thi Ngan Anh

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OIJLABJIEHHE 3515710551205 0117 3 l AKTYAJIBHOCTB HCCJI€JIOBđHHf1 7c 5c SS122101131101 1 3111111111131 111 5 x£5 3 2 L[€;Ib H 3a/1AWH HCC/I€IOB@3HHfT - - 55-22113111 3111311531153 52 3 3 ÏlD€/IM€T HCCJI€/OBđHHI - SS<c2110100611010101 3110111 111011 11111 1111111 11x54 4 4 MeTO/IbI HCCJI€HOBđHHfH - - - - << cc c cĂ CS S333 33036036036 60 60 36 60 11 1 1 x1 + 4 5 TeopeTuyeckasd 3HaqHMOCTb H IDAKTHH€CKâã I€HHOCTEb WHCCJI€IOBAHHM1 4

6 Hay4Had HOBH3HA WCCJI€/IOBđHHÍ S55 << << 6111111311111 113 1 1 11114 5 [Đi ¿và( a0 0n c“a 5

COJIEP?KAHHE -22-222S22251222251122251122211121211221111 212112221 cEExee 6

[JLABAI: HAIIHOHA.JIEBHAZI HHI BOKVJIBTYPOBEHHNECKAZ KAPTHHA MWPA KAK OBLIHH ®OH ]IHAJIOITA KVJIBTVP 6

1.1 IloHarne O KapTHHe MWpa H HAIIHOH47IbHOĂ

JIHHTBOKY/JIbTYPOB€/d€CKOlÍ KaDTHH€ MHPA - 2 S S533 312 6

l.2 B3anMOOTHOHI€HH€ HW B3AHMO/€lCTBH€ A3bIKa H D€AJIbHOCTH, ˆ&)0).©8.8.900:5A49)0777 ố II

1.3 B3anMO/I€fCTBH€ HalIHOHđJIbHBIX KYIBTYP . -<<22<<<<<<<s<<2 16 1.4 KyabtypHad KOHHOTAIW4 CJIOB KâK CIIOCOỐ BOILIOIHI€HH4 KY.IETYD

B 3BbIKOBOM 3Hđ@KC c.c Q0 H0 HH 0 000000 0006000 00 00005 155 5x2 23

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[JIABA 2: KVJIbBTVYPHÀ KOHHOTAIIH" W HAIIHOHAJIbHBIE

KAPTHHBI MHPA PYCCKOH H BbETHAMCKOH

JINHTBOKYJIbBTYPHBIX OBIIHOCTEIH 5 65s se £+ sex: 29

2.I HaHWOHa/IbHO-KY.IBTYDHẫ1 CI€IW(QÌWKaA DYCCKHX W Bb€THAMCKHX

(IpA3€©O.IOFH3MOB, BKJIOWAIOIIHX HA3BAHH41 ?KHBOTHBIX W DaCT€HHIÌI 29

2.2 KyIbTYDHa1 KOHHOTAIIH4 CJIOB C HA3BAHH€M ?KHBOTHBIX 34

2.2.1 Òpa3 coÕØaKH B DyCCKỌÍ H Bb€THaMCKỌÍ KY/IbBTYDAX 35

2.2.2 OOpa3 KOPOBbI _B PyCCKOM H Bb€THaAMCKỌÍ KYJIbTYDAX 37

2.2.3 OOpa3 TOMA B PyCCKOM H Bb€THaMCKỌÍÍ KYVIbTYDAX 39

2.2.4 OỐpa3bI IIeryxa H KYDHHBI B DYCCKỌf" HW BbeTHAMCKOM ei:A40:20757 eee 40 2.3 KYyIbTYDHA1 KOHHOTAIIW4 CJIOB C HAa3BAHHW€M DACT€HHIÌÍ 42

2.3.1 OOpa3br Oepé3sbr uw ØaMỐYKa B DYCCKỌĂ H Bb€THaMCKOĂ ei:A40:20757 eee 42 2.3.2 QÕpa3bI Š/IKH HW Mepcuka B PpyCCKOH H Bb€THaMCKỌÍ KYJIbTypax46 2.3.3 OƠDpa3bl DOMAHIKH uw /IOTOCA B pyccKOH H Bb€THaMCKOl ei:A40:20757 eee 47 2.3.4 OOpa3bl Oy6a w /epeBa ở B pyccKOH HU Bb€THaMCKOĂ OVA) 1 hg 0): b, Co eee 49 5)9):190)2881/98:4/9)9/0 8007.0000202 = 51

SAKJTIOU EHVME 0 ccccccccsscensccesseeeseeeeseeessecessecesseeeseesseeenseens 52

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BBEHEHHE

1 AKTyaJIBHOCTb HCCJI€IOBAHH1

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JIOOỌ 43BIK BBIDAA€T KYJIbTypy HApOHA /IAHHOTO 43BIKA W3ydeHH€ MWHOCTPpAHHOTO A3bIKa O3HAdA@T O3HA3KOMJICHHG Cc HOBO KYJIBTypoH HIAHHOFO 3BIKa BCJI€ICTBH€ PACXO3/JI€HH1 /BVX KVJIBTYD B W3yY4aeMOM ABZbIKe CTYJ[CHT-HHOCTpaHell BCTpeyaeTcaA € OID€/JI€JIỂHHBIM KO/IHH€CTBOM CJIOB H BBIDA3K€HH, H€ WM€IOIIIWX CMBICJIOBBIX COOTB€TCTBHHÍ B DOHHOM #3bIK€ 3HAq4€HH€ pyCCKOrO CJIOBA YacTO OC/IOKHIETCSH aCCOHHAHHZMH, OƠYCJIOBJI€HHBIMH HãHHOHAđJIbHOÌÏ KY.IBTYpHI BJ1a1eHH€ KYJIBTYPHBIMHM KOHHOTAIHHWMH CJIOB 1BJII€TCHI OHHHM H3 KDHT€DH€B IIP€HNHOHTHT€JIbBHOTO VDOBHW B/I13I€HHZ 3bIKOM H OIHHM H3 YCJIOBHH M€?KKYJIbTYPHOÍ KOMMYVHHKAIIH

Y pa3Hbix HalHÍ ACCOIWHATHBHBIC IDH3HAKH B 3HAq4€HHH C/IOB C Ha3BaHHeM ?3KHBOTHEBIX H paCT€HHÍ MOTHBHPOBđHBI COB€DIICHHO DA3HBIMH CBOlCTBaMH p€a.IHHI

CBoeoØpa3we DYCCKOĂ KY.IbETYPBI, 3HAHHT€JIbHbI€ €Ể OTJIHHH41 OT Bb€THAMCKỌ CO3HAFOT C€PBỂ3HBI€ TDYNHOCTH It BbeTHAMCKHX

CTYHCHTOB B 3TOM 3aK7IOWa€TCã aKTYA)JIBHOCTEB HAaIHICTO HCCJICHOBAHHf

2 Le/Ib H 33/IaWH HCCJI€IOBAHHS

ljeđb!O HAIHICTO ĐWMCCJI€IOBAHH1 BJIIGTCHI H3Yyq€HH€ DYCCKOl HAHHOHđJIbHỌ JIHHTBOKV/IbTYDOB€JIHM€CKOI KADTHHBI MHDpA B

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pacTeHHI COOTB€TCTBHH C H€JIbIO B HCCJIÊ€IOBAHHH CTABATCI H D©€IIAIOTC1 CJI6YIOIHIH€ KOHKD€THBI© 3đ0đ01/:

- TĨpOaHa/IH3HpOBATb H CHCT€MATH3HDOBATb B3TJI1bI HA KâDTHHYV MHDa WH HaIIHOHđJIbHYIO JINHTBOKYIbBTYPOB€JIH€CKYIO KADTHHYV Mupa

- PaccMOTpeTb HallHOHaJIBHY!O JIMHTBOKYJIBTYpOBeYeCKy!O KapTHHy MUpa kak OOM POH WAJIOT KY.JIETYDP

- BBIIBHTb H COIIOCTABHTb DA3/INHH€ B KYJIBTYPHbIX KOHHOTAIIMAX

PycCcKOH H BbeTHAMCKOH JIHHBOKY.IbBTYDHBIX OƠIIHOCT€ĂI 3 lĨp€e1Me€T HCCJI€IOBAHH4S

lIpeỊM€I?OM HAlI€TO WCCJI€IOBAHH1 #1BJIIIOTCI CJIOBA3 C HA3BAHH€M H€KOTODBIX THHHHHBX ?KHBOTHBHX HW DACT€HHI, (DpA3€O/IOTH3MBI, BKJIOHAIOIHIH€ H3A3BAHHZđ 2THX THHHHHBIX ?KHBOTHbIX H DACT€HHI B

PYCCKOM H BbCTHAMCKOM A3bIKAX

4 MeTo/IbI HCC7IeIOBAHHã

}] J1 DeIICHH1 IOCTABJICHHBIX IDH paÕOT€ Ha/ J1HCC€pTaHwelfi 3aaw

HAMH WCIO/IbB3OBA/IHCb CJI€JYIOIIH€ Memoonti: - IIHCAT€JIbHBIÍ M€TOJH;

- AH8/IHTHu€CKHĂ M€TO/I;

- COIOCTABHT€/IbHBIÍ M€TOJH;

- MeTo/ OÒÒII€HH1 H CHCT€MATH3a1IHH

5 TeopeTwnwecKaa 3HaWNMMOCTE H WpaKTHuecKad WCHHOCThb

MCCJI€IOBAHHä

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COIIOCTABJI€HHW 3A3JIHMHÌÏ B KYJIbTYPpHbIX KOHHOTAHHSX pyccKOH H Bb€THaMCKỌÍ JINHTBOKYJIbTYDHBIX OỐIHIHOCT€ÏI

Ilpaxmuyeckad 1JCHHOCHIb ĐHCCJICIOBAHH% OỐYCJOBJI€HA TM, HTO IIOJIYH€HHBI€ D€3Y/IBTATBI MOIYT BITb HCIO/Ib3OBđHBI B Kypcax HO CTDAHOB€JI€HHIO ÏlaKOlÍ MaTepHall Takxxe OyeT MOe3eH JIA BbeTHAMIIeB, H3YdAIOIIWX DYCCKHÍ #3BIK € I€JIbIO OOee riryOOkOrO OBJaeHHA UM U MOCTHKCHHA KYJIbTYPbI OOOHX HapoOOB

6 HaydHad HOBM3Ha HCCJI©IOBAHH1

HayuHaa HO6U3Ha JaHHOK paOoTbl 3aKIHOUaeTCA B TOM, 4TO B Heli paccMOTpeHa HallWMOHasIbHad JIHHTBOKY./IBTYDOB€JIH€CKA# KApTNHA MHpậ KaK OƠIHHĂ oH /HHaAJOT KVJIBTYDP UH COIOCTABJI€HBI DA3JIHHHS B KV/IbTYDHBIX KOHHOTAIW4X DYCCKOÍ WH BbeTHAMCKOM JIMHBOKYJIbTYPHBIX

OOMHOCTeH Ha MaT€DHAđ/I€ HA3BAHHÌÏÍ 3KHBOTHBIX H DaCT€HHÌI

7 CTpyKTypa pa6orTbi

JjaHHaad paOoTa COCTOHT H3 BB€/ICHH4“, JBYX TlaB, 3aKJIKOUCHHA H

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COJIEP)KAHHE

TJIABA 1: HAILMOHAJIBHAA

JIHHTBOKY.IbTYPOBE/IdECKA5I KAPTHHA MHPA KAK OBIIIHÏI ®OH /HAJIOFA KYJIBTYP

JÏHaJIOT KY/IETYDP M€?KIY HADO/AMH, ecTecTBeHHO, Oa3upyeTca Ha OOyYeHHH MHHOCTPAHHBM A3bIKaM j/ld VCH€XA /HAJIOFA KV/IBTYD H€OƠXO/JHWM VHÊT CII€IW(ĐÌHWKH B33HMOIIOHHMAHH4 M€?KJIY KOMMYHHKATAMH

ONHHM H3 HaWØOJIee 2{(€KTHBHBIX CHOCOOOB PD€II€CHH1Z IOỐJI€MHI

B3AWMOIIOHHMAHH1 4#1BJI1€TC1 H€epenada (OHOBBIX 3HAHHÏÌÏ B HpOICC€

ÕYyu€HH4 MHOCTPaHHbIM A3bIKaM

11 llonnTnec O0 kKapTHHe MHDA H HAaHHOHA2IbHOH JMHIBOKYJIbTyYpOBeA4eCKON KapTHHe Mupa

lloHwrHe 0 KAaDTHH€ MHDA

B HoCJIeIHHW€ TO/BI BHHMAHH€ JIHHTBHCTOB H KYJIBTYDOUIOTOB BCỂ ØO.IbIHI€ IIDHBJI€KAIOT IDOỐJI€MBI COOTHOIICHH4 A3bIKa H KYJIBTYPbI, CBA3H 3bIlKa € COIHAJIbBHBIM W /YXOBHO-KYVJIBTYDHBIM KOHTCKCTOM BPeMeHH, a TAK?K€ B33HMOCBW3H H€JIOB€KA H KY/IbBTYDBI B COBD€M€HHOM OỐII€CTB€ OAnHHM H3 IICHTPAJIbHbIX MOHATHH, B KOTOPOM APKO OTDA?KA€TCä CIIHQMKA B3AWMOOTHOIICHHÏ €JIOB€KA € OKDV?KAROIHIM MHDOM, ABJIAeCTCA MOHATHE KapMUHAa Mupa Ý KAXKJHIOTO HCCJIGHOBATGJII CBO€ MHeHHe 0 KapTHHe MUpa

Ilo MuHenuto I’ JI ToMaxHH, “HaIWOHđJIbHBI€ DA3/INMH4 B qJI€H€HHH MUpa, OCOOeCHHOCTH OTPaxKeHHA D€AJIbHỌ /I€ÍCTBHT€JIbHOCTH B KOHKP€THBIX #3bIKâX IIDHBO/JIT K HOSBJI€HHIO TâK H33bIBA©MBIX KâDTHHaA MHpA” IJ] TOMaXHH HOACHSET: “Kaabii 3BIK, BOCHDHHHMAdS

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CHCT€MỌI, IO2TOMYV Kâ3K/HĨ 53BIK B€CbMA ODHTHHAđJICH B OTDA?K€HHH

7J€fCTBHT€IbHOCTH B OCHOB€ HalHOHAJIbHOTO “BH€HH1 MHDpaA” JI€KAT

CTCD€OTHIIHBIC VCTAHOBKH, BO3HHKAIOIIHC y BCeX YICHOB aHHoro

A3bIKOBOrO KO/ILI€KTHBA, KOTODBI©€ OID€/IGJIIIOT €JIHOOƠPA3HHI cHOCOƠ

1JICHHTb Õb€KTHBHYIO D€AJIbHOCTb, WH Te H€DTBI, BOCIDHHHMAIOIHHÌ B II€DBYEO OHW€D€JIb 33M€HAGT B IID€JIM€TAX H CHTYAIIHäX H KJIlAaẾT B OCHOBY HaHM€HOBaHH1 (TomaxuH | JI, 1984, c.94)

Wccenyd# IIOHATH€ “KapmuHa mupa”, A 2ÏHHIT€ÍH /AaÊT JOCTATOHHO IHIHDOKVIO TpakTOBKy “UesoBeK CTPeMHTCA KaKHM - TO

aJIeCKBaTHbIM OOpa30M CO3aTb CeOe IIDOCTYIO H #DKYIO KapTHHy Mupa JIA

TOTO, TÕBI OTODBATbC1 OT MHPDA OIIYIHI€HHÏÌÍI, 1TOOBI B 3B€CTHỌÍ CT€II€HH IIOIBITATbC# 33M€HHTb 2TOT MHD CO3/AHHỌÍ TaKHM OOpa30M KapTHHOH Ha 3TY KaDTHHY H ©€ể OdODM.ICHH€ 4€JIOB€K IICDGHOCHT II€HTP T4?K€CTH CBO€fÍ JYXOBHỌÍ 3XH3HH, UTOOKI B He OOpecTH MOKOH HU YB€D€HHOCTb, KOTODBI€ OH He MO%KeT HẠTH B CJIHHIKOM TeCHOM TOJIOBOKDV?KHT€GJIbHOM KDYVTOBODpOT€ COƠCTB€HHOII KH3HH” (HHT no B.H.]locropaopoli, 1988,

c.13)

Kapmuxna mupa, m0 MH€HHIO B.W.I]locToBaIOBOH, CHHTA€TCä ICHTpasIbHoe TOHATHe KOHIIIHHH H€JIOB€KA, KOTODOC BBIDA2KA€T CIIeIW(ÙHKY ero ObITHA, H aeKBATHO OXAPaKTePH30BaHO OHO MOXX€T ỐBITb JIHHIb B OƠHI€l T€OpHH d€JIOBeKa B Dpa3IHHHBIX AaHTPOMOJIOrTHYeCKHX KOHII€IIHH5IX CYIIHOCTb 1€JIOBeKa packpbiBaeTca IIYTỀM IDOTHBOIIOCTABJICHH4 ©TO /IDYVTHM CVIHI€CTBAM - 3KHBOTHBIM, DOỐOTAM OrTmeyaetca, WTO B OTJIHHH€ OT 3KHBOTHBIX H POOOTOB, YeJOBeKy WIA ODH€HTAHWH B MHD€ HY3KHBI OCOƠBI€ CHMBOJIHH€CKH€ CTDYKTYVDBI - #13BIK, MH({O.IOTH1, D€JIHTH1, WHCKYCCTBO, HAYyKa, KOTODBI€ BBICTVIAEOT B DOIIH

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PaccMaTpHBa+# (ÙODMBI CYVII€CTBOBAHH%S KADTHHB MHpä KâK

Õa3HCHOTO 2JI€M€HTAa MHDpOBHIeHH%S dweJloBeKa, BB.H IllocTroBaoBa OTM€waeT: “HawnÕoJIee aleKBaTHbIM IIOHHMAHH€M KapTHHbI Mupa

IID€/ICTABJI1€TCđ OID€/I€JI€HH€ €Ể KaAK HCXOIHOFTO TJIÕđJIBHOFO OOpa3a

MHDA, JI©3KđlI€TO B OCHOB€ MHDOBH/ICHH1 1€JIOB€KA, D€ID€3€HTHDY!IOIIeTO CYIIHOCTHBI€ CBỌCTBA MHDa B IOHHMAHHH €Ẻ HOCHT€JI€Ì H BJI4IOII€TOCäS

pe3yJIbTaTOM Bcel 1YXOBHỌÍ aKTHBHOCTH de€/IoBeKa” ( IlocTroba/iopa, B.H.,

1988, c.21)

T.B.LMBbxaH OHp€JIGJIIGT KADTHHV MHPpA Kak B3AHMO/€ÍCTBH€

1J€JIOB€KA H CD€/JIBI HJIH KâK D€3ÿ.IbTAT IepepaØoTKH #HODMAIHMWM O Cp€/JI€ H de/IOBeke ÏllebpepaØOTKa IIDOHCXOHHT KâK ỐbI B /IBA 2TAlđ: I€DBHHHBIe /AHHBI€, BOCIIDHHSTBI€C OpraHaMH 4YBCTB, HOHIB€DTAIOTCI BTODHHHỌl II€D€KO/WPOBK€ € IOMOIHIbIO 3HAKOMBIX CHCT€M ([[WBb4H T B., 1990, c.5)

Ÿ, ]OXYa OTM€WA€T BA3KHVIO DO.Ib 3bIKa B ODMHDOBAHHH KâDTHHBI MHpaA: “ÕTpa3K€HH€ Õb€KTHOÌÏ /I€ÏCTBHT€JIbHOCTH B DA3HBIX #3bIKAX HOCHT OỐII€W€/IOBeuecKHĂ XapaKTe€p /⁄Ï3BbIK H€ CTOJIbKO HD€OỐDA3Y€T

7ICÏCTBHT€/IbHOCTb, CKOJIbKO OTparxkaeT e€ B CBOHX @opMax KapTHHa Mupa B ÕIIICCTBCHHOM H COIIHAJISHOM CO3HaHHH opmMupyeTca UW HKCHDY€TCäS C HOMOIIbIO #!3bIKâ, HIOCD€/ICTBOM #13bIKA, HÕO #3bIK - ODY/UI€ IIO3HAHH“

MHDA, € IOMOIHIbIO KOTODpOTO (ÌWKCHDVIOTC1 D€3Y.JIbTATbI 3TOTO IO3HaHHW3”

(Toxya Y 1995, c 42)

Kapmuna mupa, HO MH€HHO Apyrux VHEHBHX (KaM€HIKHH

WH.T'.,1925; JloTMan, YcneHcKnli, l973; JleBwn CTpoc, 1985; ÏypeBnu A ƒ1 1998), Ipe/ICTaB.I1©€TC1 ØỊ€J1bD102 MMPAđ

A 1 lypeBHu OIp€HN€JII€T MO/H€JIbS MHpA KâK C€TKY KOODHHHAT,

TOCpeACTBOM KOTOpOH JOM BOCIDHHHMAIOT /I©€ÍCTBHT€JIbHOCTb, H CTDOST ÕP33 MHDA, CVII€CTBVIOIHHÌĂ” B WHX CO3HAHHH lÍO €FO MH€HHIO,

Trang 11

B3AHMOCB53AHHBIX VHHB€DCAJIbHBIX HOHSTHÌ, KâK BD€M4, IIDOCTDAHCTBO, H3M€P€HHe, cy,IbÕa, qHCJIO, OTHOII€HHe€ YBCTB€HHOTO K CB€DXHuYBCTB€HHOMY, OTHOHICHH€ YacTe K H€JIOMY H.T.H Ka/Hậm LWBHJIH3aIW1 WH COIIWđ/IbHaAã" CHCT€MA XaDAKT€DH3V€TCđ CBOHM CIIOCOỐOM BOCIIpHATHA MUpa Ha3prBad OCHOBHBI€ KOHIICITYAJIbHBI€ W YYBCTBCHHbIe KAT€TODHH VHHB€DCAJIbHbIMH, HCCJI€HIOBAT€JIb HM€€T B BUHAY JIHIIb T©€ OƠCTOST€/JIbCTBA, KOTOPBI€ IIDHCVIIW H€JIOB€KV Hã JIOỐOM 2TAaI€ €©TO

HCTODHH, HO IIO CBOCMY CO/I€D?KAHHIO OHH W3M€HMHBBI ( Ï'ypebBwu, 1998, c

17 - 18)

A.A ypepu4 rpejictaBiiseT ceOe, 4TO B KapTHHe MHpa

CVIIICCTBVIOT /IB€ B33HMOCB3AHHBI€ CTODOHBI: OHA 2KCILIHIHDY€T OOpa3bl MHDA, CB513AHHBI€ C ?KH3H€/I€XST€JIbHOCTBIO €JIOB€Kđ, HO H CO3/IĂT YCJIOBHä JIA IDOHICCa BO3HHKHOB€HH4 HOBBIX ÕD330B MHDA OCVII€CTBJII€MOTO B XOJI€ CII€IHAđJIbEHOÌÏ ped;/I€KCHH CHCT€MATHU€CKOTO xXapakTepa( Iypesuy,

1998, c 18)

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B3anMO/€lCTBH€ KV/IbTYD H IIHBHJIH3AHHÌ ID€/HO/IATA€T H KAKH€- TO OỐIIW€ KY/IbTYDHBI€ I€@HHOCTH j/[HaJIOT KYJIbTYDP MO?K€T BBICTYIIATbB KaK IDHMHpSIOIIHĂ (aKTOD, HD€/IYID€?KIAHROIHHÌĂ BO3HHKHOB€HHC BỌH H KOH(INKTOB ƠH MO?K€T CHHMATb HAIIDZ2KCHHOCTb, CO3/13BATb ÕCTAHOBKYV JJOBepHA HW B3aHMHOTO YBA3K€HHM1 lÍOHSTH€ /Mđ2JIOTa OCOOeCHHO aKTY8/IbHO JIA COBDCMeCHHOHK KyJIbTypbI Cam HDOH€CC B33HMO/I€ÍCTBH1 HU €CTb JMasor, a POPMbI B3AaMMOJCHCTBHA NpeCTAaBJAHKOT COOOK pa3JIM4Hble BUbI /7IWAJIOTHH€CKHX OTHOII€HHÌ COBDCM€HHBI€ KY/IbETYDBI CODMHDOBAHBI B pe3ybTaTe MHOTOWHCJI€HHOTO H /7JIHT€JIbHOTO KY/IBETYPHOTO B3aHMOJeCHCTBHA COBPeMeHHad KyJIbTypa TOKE HAaYMHAeT MepeXOMTb K HOBOMV THHY ObITHH W€JIOB€KA B KyJIbType B XX Beke KV/IbBTYpa CM€IIIA€TCð B 2IIHH€HTD W€/IOB€H€CKOTO ƠBITHđ, HTO IIDOHCXO/HHT BO BCeX c{W€pax 3KH3HH j/|Wa/IOT KY.IbBTYD - 2TO ÕIICHH€ MHOTHX VHHKA/IbHO- BC€OOHIHX JIMYHOCTeH, IOMHHAHTỌ KOTODOTO #1BJII€TC1 H€ IO3HAHH€, HO

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B r/IYOHWHHỌ UAee WHaslora KyJIbTyp POPpMUpyeTca HOBAA KYJIbTypa oOmeHua CC B3aHMO/JI€ÌÏCTBHCM KYJIBTYP Ppa3HbIX HApO/IOB CBA3aHbI U

COBPeMCHHbIe TpOABJICHHA MYHAMCHTAIbHbIX WpoOseM QằCOO€HHOCTb

pelleHHa 9THX TpoOseM COCTOHT B paMKax CHCTeMaTHYecKOorO /IHAJIOTa KV/IBTYVD, a H€ O/HỌ, IYCTb /jI13?K€ IID€YCH€BII€Í KY.IbETYpBI “PelIeHHe 2THX IIDOOJI€M HD€/JIIOJIAFA€T TAâKVIO IJIÕAJIH3AHHIO B3AHMO/I€ÍCTBHd KYJIbTYp B IIPOCTpaHCTBe HW BO BPeMeHH, pH KOTOPOH D€3/IbHOCTbBEO CTaHOBHTCA CAMOD€đ/IH3AHHS BCeX HU KAK/HIỌ KYyJIbTypbI H€D€3

B3aHMOJ€ÍCTBH€ BC€X C KaKIOH W Ka3KIOl CO BC€MH /IDYTHMH Ha 9TOM

IYTH IIDOỐJI€MATH3WDYV€TCš CaM M€XAâHH3M B3AHMO/JI€ÌÏCTBH4 KY.IBTYp.” H

1a1ee A.ÏODHW€HKO CIIDAB€/IJIHBO HO/IaraeT: “BCJI€ICTBH€ TOFTO, 4TO

[IÕAJH3AHIHØ M©3KKVJIBTYDHHX B3AHMO/JI€ÍCTBHÏ HOJIAaFA€T TâKYKO IIOJIHOTY CMBICJIOBOTO MHDA BOBJI€HCHHBIX B H€€ HH/IHBHJIOB, KOTODAd BO3HHKaeT /JIHIIb B TOHK€ WepeceyeHuA BCeX KYJIbTYPHbIX OƠPA3OB, HH/IHBH,/I BBIXO/IHT 3a HH/HBHJIY8.IbHBI€, aCTHBI€ ID€/JI€/IBI B KY2JIBTYDHHIlÍ KOCMOC, B IDHHIIHIIHAJISHO€ OecKOHeYHOe OOMICHHE H, CJI€IOBAT€JIbHO, B Ố€CKOH€MHO€ IICD€OCMBICJICHH€ TOTO, TO TâKO€ OH CaM

Me»KKV.IETYDHBI€E B3AWMO/€ÍCTBH41 H€ MOTYT IDOHCXOJIHTb HHaHG, 1M Yepe3 B3AHMOJHI€ÌÏCTBHI HHJIHBHJIVYAJbHbIX MHDOBO33D€HHÏ BaxxHelfinelfi IIpJIeMÍ IpH aHa/IH3© M€?KKY/IbTYDHOTO B33HMO/€ÌÍCTBHä ABJIACTCA paCKpbITHe MẪỀXâHH3MA B3AHMOH€ÍCTBHI j/|BA Bua B3AHMO/I€ÍCTBH1: 1 )kyJIbTYPHO-IIpsMoe, KOTJa KY/IBTYpHI B3AHMO/€ÍCTBVIOT /JIDYT € JIDYTOM ỐJ1ATO/ADp1 OỐII€HHIO Ha YDOBH€ 4#3BIKa 2)KocBeHHoe, KOIIA OCHOBHbIC XâDAKT€DHCTHKH B3A3HMO/€ÍCTBHAd ABJIAFOTCA WU ©TO 7I13JIOTOBBIÏ XaDAKT€P, JIHAJIOT IIDH 2TOM BXO/HT BHYTPH KV/JIBTVDBI, B COCTaBe ee CÕỐCTBCHHBIX CTpyKTyp MHokyJIbTypHoe

CO/I€D?KAHH€ 3aHHMA€T /IBOÌÏCTB€HHO€ IIOJIO3K€HH€ - H KaK “qY3KO€” H Kak

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KV/JIBTYDP 1BJII©TCð CJI€ICTBH€M KOCB€HHOTO B3aHMOeHCTBHA, /HAJOFA KYJIbTYpbI C COƠOl, KaK /HaJIOFa “CBOcrTO” uw “dYy3KOTO” (HM€GIOIIeTO /BOÍCTB€HHYIRSO HIDHPONV) “CVTb /IWA/IOTHUHOCTH - B IIDOTIYKTHBHOM B3aHMOJCHCTBHH CYB€P€HHBIX IIO3HHHĂ, COCTABJIIIOIIHX €HHHO€Ẵ H MHOTOOỐDA3HO€ CMBICJIOBO€ IIDOCTDAHCTBO H OỐIIY!O KY.IBTYDY Ì 7IaBHOe€, 4TO OTJIHUA€T /IHA/IOTHHHOCTb OT MOHOJIOTHUHOCTH - CTD€MJI€HH€ K

IIOHHMAHHIO B33WMOOTHOII€HHÍ DA3JIHHHBIX B3TIJIIHIOB, H/I€H, ABJICHHH,

COIIHA/IbHbBIX CH.JI” (eJnx, 1993, M., c.308)

JÏHaJIOTHUHOCTb_ IID€HNHO/IATA€T COIOCTABJICHH€ HAlHOHđJIbHBIX WeHHocTewH W BBIDAaOOTKY IIOHHMAHH1 TOTO, MTO COOCTBeHHOe 2THOKY/IBTYDHO€ COCYII€CTBOBAHH€ H€BO3MOXHO 6e€3 VBA3KHT€JIbHOFO H OepexKHOTO OTHOMICHHA K II€HHOCTWM /IDYTHX HApO/IOB B3anMO/€ÍCTBH€ KVJIbTYP IHDHOỐP€TA€T CBOIO CH€HHjHKYV Ha OCHOBe II€CD€C€H€HHd YHUKaJIbHBIX KYJIbTYPHbIX CHCTeM

Kareropwnw1 “B3anMO/€lÏCTBH€” IDHM€HHT€JIbBHO K_ HAHHOHAJIbHBIM KYJIbTYpaM, ABJIACTCA DOHOBBIM TIO OTHOHI€HHIO K “B33HMOBJIHSHHIO”,

“B3anMOOGOFTalIeHHIO” “B3aHWMO/€ÍCTBH€” IIOIH€DKHBA€T KTHBHO€,

HHT€HCHBHO€ OTHOII€HH€ M€%KJY KYJIBTYDAMH B IIDOI€CC€ UX pa3BHTHA KareropHã “B3aHMOCB3b” HM€€T OTT€HOK CTÃHJIbHOCTH, CTATHYHOCTH, IO2TOMYV OHA He B IIOJIHỌ M€D€ OTDAXKA€T BC©TO MHOTOOỐPA3H%1 H ©3yJIbTaTA OTHOIICHHÌ M©3HYV KYJIbBTYPAMH ECIH “B3AHMOCBS3B” (ÌHKCHDY€T OTHOIICHH1 M©3KIY KyJIbTypaMu, TO “B3aHMOoyeHcTBHe” OTM€MA€T KTHBHHIÍ IDOHCC 2TOTO OTHOII€HHI MeTO/O/IOTHdeCKO€ 3HAH€HW€ KaAT€TODHH “B3AHMO/€lCTBH€” B TOM, HTO OHO IIO3BO/II€T BO BCeM OỐb€M€ TIOHATB IHDOHI€CC pa3sBUTHA HAHHOHAJIbHBX KV/IBTVD

KareropH41 “B3aHMOBJIHSHH€” MO3K€T ỐBITb HOHðITA KâK O/IHA CTODOHA,

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“B3anMOB/IHSHH€” BK/JIOda€T B CeÕä OƠPaII€HH€ ID€JICTABHT€/JI€l H TỌÍ

WIM WHOM HAlHOHAIbHỌ KyJIBTypbl K_ OIID€H€IÊHHBM CTOPOHaM JICXCTBUTeCJIbHOCTH, TeMaM, OOpa3aM “B3aHMOBJIMAHHe” BbIpaxkaeT H IAKTHKYV OCBOCHHA HOBBIX JIA WAaHHOM HAHHOHAJIbHỌ KYJIbBTYPHI IPH€MOB H CP€HCTB XY/IO3K€CTB€HHOTO BOIILIOII€HHA HO BKJIOMA€T H IICHXOJIOTHU€CKHÌÏ aCH€KT: BO3ỐY3HI€HH€ TBODM€CKỌI 2H€DIHH B D©3Yy/IbTAT€ BOCIIDHSTH1 XY/IO2K€CTB€HHBIX I€HHOCT€f, CO3/1AHHBIX /IPYVTOl HAIIHOHAJIbHOl KYJIBTYpOH KaTreropws *B3aHMOO6OTaIIeHnW€” HAIIHOHAJIbHBIX KYJIbTYDP H€CKOJIbKO Y?K€ KaT€TODHH “B3aHMOBIHSHH€”, TâK Kak HOCJCHIHHH BKJIIOdA€T VH€T HB OTDPHIAT€JIbHOFIO OHBITA “B3aHMOOƠOTaII€HH€ O3HAHA€T HDOI©CC BO3PACTAHH1 MacTepcTBa XY/IO3K€CTB€HHOITO OCBO€HH1 /JI€ÌCTBHT€JIbHOCTH, CTHMYJIHDOBAHH1 TBOPYeCKOH @KTHBHOCTH HU HCIOJIb3OBAHHH /JIYXOBHBIX IHI€HHOCT€H, CO3/I3HHBIX JIPyYroH HalHOHAJIbHOlÌ Ky.IbTypolfÍ” (Temusa B.H., 1986, M.,

c.47)

B3anMOJI€ÍCTBHC KYJIbTyp - 2TO B3AHWMOOỐYCJIOBJI€HHHII, JBYCTODPOHHHÌ IIDOIHCCC, T.e HM3M€H€HH1 COCTOAHHA, CO/€D?KAHH1, CJI€7IOBAT€/IbHO, WH (ÌYHKHHÌ ONHỌÌÍ KY/IBTYDBI B D€3YJIbTAT€ BO3/1€ÏfCTBH4 JPVTOl Õ33aT€JIbBHO /IOJD2KHBI COIDOBO?KJIATbC1 H3M€H€HHSMH B pyro KV/JIBTVp€ ÏHBMH C/IOBAMH, B3AHMO/JI€lCTBH€ UMeeT /IBYCTODOHHHH XapaKTep ƠTCIO/a C/I€/Y€T, HTO (ÌODMY CB53H HCTODHH€CKOTO HDOII/IOTO HAIWOHAJIEHBHX KY/JBTYD © COBDCM€HHbIM COCTOAHHeM KV/IBTYDBIL He COBC€M B€DHO CHHTATb B33HMO/I€fCTBH€M, IIOTOMY HNTO B HAJINHHH TOJIbKO O/IHOCTODOHH4 CB513b, TâK KâaK HACTOSII€€© H€ BJIHS€T Hã IpOHIJIO€ MoO3KHO CHHTATb, HTO KaT€TODHš “B3aHMO/€CTBH€” IIO B€DTHKđJIH H€IIDABOM€DHA

[lpaBHw.IbHee ỐbI/IO ObI Ha3bIBaTb ITO ABJICHHE IIDC€MCTB€HHOCTBIO ƠHaKO

2TO H€ O3HAHA€T, HTO KYJIBTYDHO€ HACJI€IH€ H€ VHACTBV€T B HIOHCC€

Trang 24

KA3KIOTO HAPpOIA B HỆD€OCMBICJICHHOM HJM B CBOCM H3HAHAJIbHOM KaAq€CTB€ BKJIOH€HO B AaKTYaJIbHOe, COBPEMCHHOe COCTOAHHE KYJIbTYPbI HaHMWHn MMeHHO OT CTeMeHH BKJIIOUCHHOCTH B COBD€M€HHBI€ JIYXOBHBI€ IIPOHI€CCBI 34BHCHT CTeMeHb y4aCTHA WeHHOCTeH IIDOHLIOFO B IIDOICC€ HAHHOHđ/IbHO-KYJIBTYPHBX B3aHMO/HI€fCTBHH“ BripadoTaHHoe B XOJH€ HCTOPHKO-KYJIBTYPHOrO pa3BHTHA pa3sHooOpa3sve (ÙODpM /€5T€JIbHOCTH, MBIIIJI€HH1, BHJI€HH4 MHDA BC€ B ÕO/IBII€ÌÍ CT€IICHH BK.IIOdA/IOCb B ÕHIHfÍ IIDOH€CC D43BHTH1 MHDOBOÌÏ KV/IbTYDBI BM€CT€ C€C TM HM€IOT I7JIỸOKH€ KODHH HU pDA3JIHHH% KY/IBTYD, OTDPA?KAlOIIH€ OCÕ€HHOCTH 23THHu€CKOl OƠIIHOCTH B WX II€JIOCTHOCTH H BHYTD€HH€ÏII B3aWHMOCB453H C€ IIDHDOHTHỌ H COIHAJIbHOIl Cp€/NIOH KW/IbTYDHBI€ D33JIHHH1 - O/IHH H3 HCTOHHHKOB MHOTOÒDA3m4 HCTOPHM€CKOTO IIPOHe€CCa, IIPH7AIOIIHH eMy MHOTOM€PHOCTb He@IIOBTODHMOCTb KA3KHIOl KV/IBTYDBI O3HAHA€T, 4TO B OIID€/I€JI€HHOM OTHOII€HHH pa3Hble KYJIbTYPbI paBHbI Mex y coool C JIOBOCOHM€TAHHW€ “OTCTAJIbl€ B KYJIBTYDHOM OTHOII€HHH” H€IIDH©MLICMO B OTHOII€HHäX M€@%HY HApOHAMH j/|DYTO€ /€JIO - OTCTAJIbI€ B 2KOHOMHK€ HJIH OTCTAJIHÌÍ B KY/JIbTYDPHOM OTHOII€HHH d€JOB€K H€e/Ib31 OTPHHATb D23BHTH1 B C€D€ KY.IETYDBI, â CJI€HOBAT€JIbHO, W TOTO (ÙAKTa, WTO ©CTb

ØOJ€©Ơ D43BHTBIC, Ooee MOIIHBIC WH MeHee DA3BHTBIC WU M€H€€

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3HAKOMCTBO C /IOCTHXX€HHSMH KVJIBTYDBI /IDYTHX HApO/IOB OƠOTaIHa€T JIHWHOCTb CepeBHHOHK /I€ST€JIbHOCTH CYỐb€KTA KV/IBTVPBI, B IDOIIECC€ KOTOPOH H3MeHACTCA OH CaM, WH3M€HZ1, DA3BHBđ51 HDH 2TOM COCTOSHHE, CO/I€D?KAHHW€ HaIIHWOHđIbHỌ KY/IbETYpBI” (MwHacopa C.I', 2000, M., c.30)

BaaHnMOJI€lCTBHC = KYJIbTyp IHOHCXOHHT HU Ha ypoBHe M€3KJIWUHOCTHOTO OOUICHHA, Tak Kak B OHIYHICHHH peasiM3yIoTCH OỐIII€3HAqWMBI€ II€HHOCTH KY.IbTVp Me3XJIHHHOCTHO€ OỐII€HH€, pDacIIHD44 HCTOHHHMKH COIIHAJIbHOÌÏ H KY.IBTYDHOÌI HH(ODMAIIWH, TÊM CâaMBIM MO?K€T BBICTVIIHTb BA3KHBIM (aKTODOM B HID€O/IOJICHHH CT€D€OTHIIH3HWDOBAHHOFO

MBIIIJICHH45 H 32THM CIOCOỐCTBY€T B33WHMOOƠOTAII€HHE JYXOBHOTO OƠ7IMKa JIO7H

HaHHOHaJIbEHBC IHHHOCTH B /IYXOBHỌ cdepe - OTDOMHOC

HHT€I/ICKTYAJISHO€ ÕOFATCTBO H H€WHCU€DIIA©MHIÌÏ D€3€DB BOCIIDOH3BO/ICTBaA OỐIII€W€/IOB€W€CKHX II€HHOCT€ĂÍ, KY/IBTYDHBIX HH HDABCTB€HHbIX TpA/HIHĂ HApO/IOB, IDOICCA OƠII€HAIIHOHAJIEHOFO CO3HaHHä KY/IbTYpA C€erO/Hä1 CVIICCTBYV€T B HAIIHOHAJIbEHOl ODM€ CâMOBBIDA?K€HH4 HaIWOHđ/IbHO€ ?K€ DO3K/IA€TCđ W3 KOHKD€THO-HCTODWu€CKWX OCOOeHHOCTeH 3XH3HH HaApOHA,

©€TFO ỐHOCOIIHAJIbHOlÍ CYHIHOCTH

1.4 Ky/IbTVDpHa1 KOHHOTAIH1 CJIOB KAK CHOCOỔ BOI7IOIHICHHS

KYJIbTyp B A3bIKOBOM 3HaKe

Kaabii Hapoy OTJIHaA€TC1 CBO€ÕDA3HBIM BH/I€HH€M Mupa B 9TOM IIDOSB/JI1IIOTCđ HHẫ1 B€DA, HHOĨÍ M€HTđ/IHT€T, HHBI€ TDA/IHHHH H OƠbIHAH, HH4 KY.IBTYpa Hepe3 cBOIO HaHHOHA/JIbHYIO KYJIBTYPy H€JIOB€K HAXO/HT JOCTYII K TBOD€HHM_ /IDYTOTO HAHHOHđJIbHOTO /IYXâ, H MHOTH€ D€4/IHH JPVTỌ KY/IbBTVPBI /JIOIIOJIHSIOT 3KH3H€HHHIÍ OIIBIT, DACHIHDSIOT KDYTO3OP HHOCTPAHHOTO (H/IOIOFa H (ÙÌODMHDVIOT /IÕỐDO3X€/IAT€JIbBHO€ U4YBCTBO

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KyJIbTypa HDOHHKA€T B #3bIKOBBI€ ©€/IHHHIIbI H€D€3 ACCOHHATHBHO - ÕPA3HBIC OCHOBaHHA UX C€MAHTHKH ĐH HHT€DID€THDY€TC1 H€D€3 BbIABJICHHA CBA3H OOpa30B CO CT€D€OTHIIAMH, 2TA/IOHAaMH, CHMBO/IAMH, IDOTOTHIINU€CKHMH CHTYAHHWHWMH H JIPyrHMH 3HAKAMH HalOHA/IbHOl

KVJIBTVpHI FÏM€eHHO, “CHCTeMa o0pa30B, 3AKD€I/IHHBIX B CeMaHTHKe

HalMOHAIbHOrO AB3bIKAa, ABIIACTCA 3OHOl COCD€IOTOH€HH1 KY/IbTYDHOH HHODMAIHIHW B €CTCCTBCHHOM 43bIK€ COOTHOIICHH€ C TCM WIM HHBIM KYJIbTYPHbIM KOJOM COCTABJII€T COJI€D2KAHH€ KVJIBTYDHO HAlHWOHđJIbHOl

KOHHOTaHwn” (Macopa B.A., 2001, c.56) MexaHH3M BO3HHKHOB€HH1

KOHHOTAHHÌÍ CBA3aH C YCHJICHHEM OT/I€JIEHBIX CI€KTOB 3HAq€HH4 (daCTO

3a CH€T #DKOÍ BHYTPp€HHe€Ì (ODMBI CJIOBA, HA ÕA3€ KOTODpỌÍ BO3HHKAIOT

HAWƠO.I€€ CTÃH/IbHBI€ CCOIIWAHHH) ACCOHWaHWH IpH 2TOM ÕPA3VIOT MOTHBHDVIOIIYIO OCHOBY JIA BO3HHKHOB€HH1 KOHHOTAHHH, IIDIMO€ 3HayeHHe CJIOBa BbICTyMaeT KaK BHYTPCHHAA POPpMa HO OTHOLICHHIO K IIVCD€HOCHOMYV

lloHaTne “KYJIBTYDHAã KOHHOTAIIH3”, IOHHMA€TCä KâK COIIHA/IbHA4,

2MOIIHOHđ/IbHA1 H 2MOIIHOHAJIEHO ÕDA3HA1 3HAaqHWMOCTb #3bIKOBOTO 3HaKa

Jia TOK WIM HHOÌÏ JIHHTBOKY/IbTYpHOI oØHmtHoOCTeli (MaMoHTobB @.C 2000,c.24) [loHsTve KyJIbTYPHOM KOHHOTAIIMU ABIIACTCA, C TOHKH 3D€HHä B.H.Tesuu, OHM U3 Oa30BbIX JIA JIMHTBOKYJIBTYpOJOrMH HayHHOl

JMCUMIMJIMHbI, HCCJI©JIYEOIHI€ÌÍ BOIIJIOII€HHBI€ B KHBỌÌÍ HAIHOHAJIbHHIÏ 3bIK MaTepHaJIbHyIO KYJIBTYPy H M€HTđJIHT€T H IIDOSIBJIIIOIHIH€CS B #13bIKOBBIX IIDOI€CCaAX B UX HID€€MCTB€HHOCTH C€ #3bIKOM H KY.IbTYpỌÍ 3THOca (Te¿Ins B.H., 1996)

CIIOCOOOM BOIIIOIICHHđZ KYJIBTYPbI B A3bIKOBOM 3HaK ABIIACTCH KVIbMyYPHAA KOHHOMaYUA, KOTOPAA ABIIACTCA ONHOBD€M€HHO 4H HHT€DIID€TaHH€ÏI /I€HOTATHBHOIO HH OOpa3s3HO MOTHBHDOBAHHOTO

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KYJIbBTYDHOÍ KOHHOTAIIHH ÕPA3HO€ OCHOBAHHWe CC MHDOBHJ€HH€M HaApO/a

HalIpaMy!0 CBA3aHa OOPa3HO-CHTyYaTHBHad MOTHBUPOBaHHOCTH, Haxo Alar CBO€ OTDA?K€HWe B (pa3€0O/IOTHd€CKOM COCTAB€ A3bIKAa

CJ€IVIOIHIHÍ” IHDHM€D oTpaxkaeT Hả/IHHH€ IDOTHBOIIOJIO?KHBIX

ACCOHWaHHĂ y HOCHT€JI€Í PA3HBIX KYJIbBTYp KOITHA DYCCKH€ YVCJIBIIAT pA3V “ỊØ@KOH npuwen K pđKV”? OHH CKOD€C BC€TO D€IHAT, WTO 2TO

BBIDAK€HH€ M3 BOJIII€OHỌ CKA3KH HMJH CKa3KH IIDO 3KHBOTHBIX, H IIOCOHWYBCTBY€T DAKY, IOCKOJIbKY TOT IIOHA7I B Õ©€JY, TaK KaK OH M€HBII H

cJIaÒee j/|J1 DYCCKHX Ø2@KOH CHMBOII 3/1A, ÕG/HBI, BDATaA, 3/IOÌÏ CHIBI

WM€eHHO TaKO€ BOCIIDHSTH€ HJIẾT OT DYCCKHX HADO/IHBIX CKâ3OK, B KOTODBIX 7PAKOH - HaJIOFT 3M€lf ÏlODBIHBHH HD€JICTA€T CTDPAIIHBM 3JIBIM

4Y/IOBHII€M, H€CYHIHM TOD€ H pa3pyIIeHHe B c1opape C.H O3xeropa

nắtca Takoe TOJKOBaHHe: “JIpakoH - CK33OHHO€ WY/IOBHII€ B Bue

KpbliaToro OTH€/bIHalnero 3Mes” (C W O›skerop, 1984, c.153) Bo

BbCTHAMCKOM #3bIK€ H3B€CTHO BbipaeHne “rồng đến nhà tơm (ÕỐyKB: ỊPđKOH HJUIMGI K paKy” - ỐOTATHIl, ÕïIarODpOHHHIÍ (HHOTJHA BJIACTHHI)

€JIOB€K IIDHXO/JIHT K HOCTBIM, OƠBIKHOB€HHBIM JIIOHIM W HDHHOCHT D2/OCTb, ÕOFATCTBO H Ố/1aTrOIIOJIydnWe IÏDHHEM, 2TO BBIDAK€HH€ HHOTHa VIIOTP€Ố/I4€TCI B 3HAYCHHH ĐWDOHHH, YTO Apy3bA OH€Hb /IABHO BCTD€HAIOTCW, HO BJIDYT OHIHH H3 HHX IDHXO/JIHT K HIDYTOMV B TOCTH, H

XO34NH TOBOpHT rocTrto “rồng đến nhà tơi” 2TO BbiIpaxkeHHe TOBOPUT O

CMHD€HHMH XO3ãwHa K rocTrw (Tiêu Hà Minh., Di tim dién tích thành ngữ - NXB Thơng tắn)

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IIpimMoe 3HAq€HHC CJIOB BbICTyMaeT Kak BHYTpeHHAA dopma HO OTHOIIICHHIO K II€DGHOCHOMYV

IIpaktuyeckH JIIOOỐOC KOHHOTATHBHO€C 3Hâq4€HH€C KOHIICHTA HAlHHOHAJIBHOTO SA3bIKa MO3KHO Ẳ€ HOJIHBM OCHOBAHHCM CHHTATb (€HOM€HOM HAIIHOHAJIEHOÌÏ KY/IBTYDBI, CJIO3KHBHIHMCS HCTODHUH€CKH, II€D€JAIOIIHMCS OT IOKOJICHH1 K IOJIOK€HHIO H IDOHHKAIOHIHM B TKAHb HAIHOHAJIbBHOTO CO3HAHHã

3aKP€ILICHH€ aCCOIIIATHBHBIX IDH3HAKOB B 3HAq€HHH CJIOBA, T.©€ BO3HHKHOBCHHe KOHHOTAHHH - IDOICCC HãIHOH8/IbHO-KY/IbTYDHHIH, TOSTOMY Y pa3HbIX Halu 3TH IIDH3HAKH MOTHBHDOBAHbI COB€DIICHHO D33HbBIMH CBỌfCTBaMH D€aJIHĂ

Bo BbeTHaMCKOH KyJIbType sleOedb - 9TO OiblHla1 C€B€DHAaH JJCKODATHBHÀđ1 TITHIa, %*KMBylIadt B Boe JIleOeqb He xapakTepeH AVIA Bb€THAMCKOÌÏ KY.IBTYDBI, IO3TOMV Bb€THAMIIBI BCTD€UAIOT ÕPpA3 ebeds TOJIbKO B H€D€BO/IHBIX IHDOH3B€/CHHiX XY/IO3K€CTB€CHHOÌÏ JIHT€DATYDHI Jle6edb B pyccKOH KyJIbType CHMBOJIM3HpyeT CHACTb€, 2TY CHMBO/IHKV B CO3HAHHH Bb€@THAMIICB BBIIO/IHI€T ZØ7ZyỐp KâK TITHIa CuacTbs (UHHb Txu Kum Hrok, 1999, c.249)

CornacHoO KoOHIeNHHHH B.H.ÏlelInn O T€XHOJIOTHH BOTONIeCHHA

KYJIETYDPHOÍ KOHHOTAIHHW B COJI€D3KAHH€ A3bIKOBbIX 3HAKOB, KYJIbTYPHO-

HAIIHOHđ/IbHA4 CI€IW(WKậ HM€€T CBOH CIOCOƠBbI OTDA3K€HH“ HW CHOCOOBI

VKA34HH1 Ha 23TïTV CH€IH(QHKY (OỐPA3HO€ OCHOBAHHC - CD€/CTBO BOILIOIICHH1 HaIIHOHA/IbHO-KY.IETVpHOW CcIeIwHWKH (Ùpa3€O:IOTNWd€CKHX €/IMHHII, @ HHT€DIID€TaHWS OƠPA3HOTO OCHOBAHHZ B HOMHHATHBHOM KODHYC€ KOHKD€THOITO SA3bIKa ABJIACTCA CHOCOOOM yka3aHHA Ha 2TV cIIeIwWÙmKy [loHaTrne KY.IBETYDH ABJIACTCA Õa3OBBIM 711đ JINHTBOKYIBETYDOJIOTHd€CKOFO aHaJIH3a KY.IETYDHO-HAIIHOHA/IbEHOĂ

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HHT€DIID€TaHHä ÕPA3HOTO OCHOBAHH1 B IIDOCTDAHCTB€ II€HHOCTHBIX yCTaHOBOK Hapojla, ©€FO MHDOBHI©HH€ W MHDOIIOHHMaHWe B OỐPpa3HOM OCHOBAHHH #3bIKOBbIX CD€HCTB, OCOÒ€HHO BO (bpA3€OJIOFWq€CKOM KODIYC€ €CT€CTB€HHOITO 3biKA, OTDA3K€H CIIOCOỐ MHDOBHI€HH% HaApO/JA, ero KYJIbTYPHO-HalMOHaJIbHbIe 2TAJIOHBI /Ï3bIK JI€KHT B OCHOB©€ MOJH€JI€l KYJIbTYpHI B erO HOMHHATHBHOM COCTAB€ COJI€D?KHTC1 J1BA THII1A 43bIKOBBIX ©€IWHHII: ©JIHHHIIBI, B KOTODBIX HAlWOHđ/IbHO-KY/IBTYDHA1 HHODMAIM4 HaxOJMT cBoe oOTOOpaxKeHHe B /I€HOTATHBHOM CIICKT€ 3HAH€HH", H ©IWHHHIIBI, /IAHHa1 HHODMAHHZ BBIDAK€HA B KOHHOTATHBHOM aCIE€KT€ 3HaueHMa VÏcc/IeIoBaHH€ HWHODMAHWH B I€DBOM THIIC HIDOBOHHTCAS B paMkax KOTHHTHBHO-CCMAHTHUH€CKOTO, KOHIICITYAJIbHOTO H4/IH3a, BTODOTO - C€ TOHKH 3P€HH1 DaCCMOTD€HH1 ÕPA3HO MOTHBHDOBAHHOTO OCHOBAHHä (bpA3€OJIOFH3MOB, COOTH€CCHHO€ C€ KYJIbTYDHBIMH II€HHOCTSMH HApOJA, MO/JIbBIO MHDOBOCIDHSTH3S #3bIKOBOTO COOỐIIeCTBa ÏaKHM oOpa30M, HaJH3 (ÙDa3©OJIOTWH€CKOTO aciiekTa JIHHTBOKY/IBTYDHOTO KOHIICITA JIOTHYHO HDOBOIHTb B COOTB€TCTBHH CO CJI€IYIOHIIMH M€TO/JIOJIOFWu€CKHMH OCHOBAHHSMH B_ (pa3€OJIOFHH€CKHX €HIWHHHIHAX 3bIK3 BOILIOIHI€HA KYJIBTYPA, H Ố/1AFOHAP1 CMBICIY HX KYJIBTYDHO- HAHHOHđ/IbHBIX KOHHOTAHHÌÍĂ BOCIDOH3BO/IHTC1 ÕDP33 MHDOBOCIIDHSTH1,

CIOCOỐ MHDOIOHHMaAHH1 Hapo/a (Teina B.H M., 1993, c.308-402)

BbIBO/IBI HO I€DBOH TJIABe€

l KapTHHa MHpa — 2TO0 MO/J€/Ib MHDPA HJIH C€TKA KOOD/HHAT, B

KOTODỌÍ JIOHH YJ1ABJIHBAIOT MHD H BOCIDHHHM8đIOT /I€ÏÍCTBHT€JIbHOCTb 2 HaHHOHaIbHai JINHTBOKY.IBTYDOB€JIH€CKA4 KapTHHa MHDa

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3 ƒÏ3bIK H KY/IBTYDpA H€MBICJIHMBI Õ©3 qe/IOBeKa FÏ CKJIIOHHT€/IbHO

BA?KHYEO DƠJIB HFD3CT HCJIOBCK B UX CO3HAaHHH

4 B›anMO/I€ÍCTBH€ KY/IbTYD - H3M€H€HH€ COCTOAHHA , CO/I€DKAHH14, CJI€IOBAT€.JIbHO, H (ÙYHKHHÌ ONHỌÍ KYJIETYDBI B D€3V/IbTâAT€ BO3I©€fCTBH4A /MDYTOl, Õã134T€JIbHO J1OJIKHBI COIDOBO%/IATbCä W3M€H€HH5MH B JIPyrou KyJIbType

5 KW/IbBTYPHAđ" KOHHOTaIMA HD€JHICTABJII€T COOOl VCTỌWHBHIl CCM@AHTHU€CKHÍ IIDH3HaAK, KOTODBIÍ 1BJII€TCð D€3YJIBTATOM HCTIO.IE3OBAHH4 JAHHÏÍ p€aJIHH W ©eể OƠO3HAH€HH41 OIID€JI€JIEHH JINHHTBOKY.IbBTYDHOl

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TJIABA 2: KYJIbTYPHAA KOHHOTAIMA

HAIIHOHA.IEHbBIE KAPTHHBI MHPA PYCCKOH HM BbBETHAMCKOH JINHTBOKYJIbBTYPHBIX

OBIHHOCTEH

Ham IID€/ICTABJII€TCI ĐHHT€D€CHHIÍ HA3JIH3 CHCTeM âCCOIWAHHH, CBW34HHBC VY HOCHTGJI€I K@A?3KIOFIO H3 HA3B3HHBIX 3BIKOB € IP€JICTABJI€HHCM O KOHKPCTHOM IID€JICTABHTGJI€ MHPA ?KHBOTHBIX DAaCT€HHÌ ACCOIIHATHBHHIÏ 2KCIICDHM€HT /IAŠT OoraTHIi MaTepHall WIA M€?KKY.IbTYDHBIX HCCJI€JIOBAHHÏÍ, IO3BOJIIGT BBIICHHTb CII€HH(ÙHKY CB13€ÏÍ

MC?KNHY CJIOBAMH B YC7JIOBHZAX DA3/IHHHHIX KYJIBTYPD

2.1 HaljWOHaJIbHO-KyJIbTypHaA CH€IHQHKA pyccKHx 4H

BbeTHAMCKHX Qpa3eOJIOrH3MOB, BKJIOUaIOUIMX Ha3sBaHHA

3KHBOTHBIX H DAaCTeHHH

(ŒDa3€O/IOTH3MBI H (ÙDA3€O/IOTHH€CKH€G BbIPAKeCHHA COXPaHsAIOT U BOCIDOH3BO/IIT M€HTA/IHT€T HApOjJIlA, ©TO KVJIBTYDY OT MOKOJICHHA B IIOKO.I€HWe B ã3bIK€ B ÕOJIbHINHHCTB€ 33KD€IIJIIIOTCð T€ CIICKTBI, KOTODBI€ ACCOHHHDVIOTCI = C KYJIbTYPHO HalHOH4JIBHBIMH 3TA/IOHAMH, CT€D€OTHIaAMH, MWQO.IOT€MaAMH

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CJIOBADb p.1 M., I986 c 73) Jllo1H B€DHO HIOJIM€THLIIH, 4TO CD€/H cede

IIOTIOƠHBIX MOTYT IDO3KHTb TOJIbKO HỂDHBI€ BODOHHI

“Hy, Oaeau 6 mow KOopHemy cKa3an Huxonau u npueyoun boKan OH peuwun ocmameca 6 Burana Pods 00 ympa tu um06bL KAaK-HUOYOb

cKopomamb 6peMsA U He 4yecm6o6amMb cebA GIOH 60DOHOH, nepecma

omKa3bieameca om wamnancKoeo”’ (1H Kpemuee., honbwmeeuyKu)

PyccKH€ TOBOpAT: “@OPOHA 6 NaBIUHbUX NepbAX” T.e UeJOBEK,

TUICTHO TIbITaKOUIMHCA Ka3aTbcA ỐÕOJI€© BA3KHbIM, 3HAHHT€JIbHBIM, HCM OH eCTbh Ha cCaMOM /I€JI©, CTAPAIOIHHÍCW urpaTb ÕOJI€€ BA3KHVIO, He

CBOlCTB€HHYIO €MY DOLIE

“Auna Akumo6Ha 6ce2da ÕØ08lqCb, ĩ!ÕØbl H€ HOỊVMQUJIH HĐO Hee,

YMO OHA 2OPOQA BbICKOYKA UJIU GOPOHA 6 NABIUHoUX NepoAX ” - Uexos (Mosorkos, dpa3 coBapb, M., 1986, c 73)

Mpa3eoJIOrH3Mbl BOSHHKAIOT B HalMOHAJIbHBIX A3bIKaX Ha OCHOBG TAKOIO ÕPA3HOTO IIDCICTABJI€HH1 /©ÏCTBHT€JIbHOCTH, KOTODO€ OTÕDa3KA€T OƠHXO/IHO2MIIHDHU€CKHĂ, HCTODHU€CKHĂ HH JYXOBHHII OIIBIT A3KIKOBOrO KO/LI€KTHBA, KOTODHBIl Õ€3YCJIOBHO CBxH3aH C ero KYJIbTYPHbIMH TDAHHIWHSMH, HỐO cyObeKT HOMHHAHHH M_ pedeBoÏli JICATCJIbBHOCTH - 3TO BC€THA CVÕb€KT HAHHOHA/IbBHỌĂ KyJIbTypbl (Tema B.H., 1981) Ilo ðIIeIpũ3HaHHOMY MH€HHIO, (ÌDA3€0/IOTHq€CKHÍÏ COcTaB A3bIKa IID€JICTABJS€T COOOlf “HaHÕOj€© CaMOOBITHO€ €TO #BJI€HH€” (PolfiseH3on l977, c.lÏĨ6) He TOJIbKO B H/IAH€ CHCT€MHO-D€TY.IIDHỌÌ aHAMđ.IbHOCTH, HO B H/IAH€ BbIDA?K©eHH4 (Ùpa3€O/IOTH3MaMH HaIIWOHA./IbHỌÍ

CaMOOBITHOCTH Hapoya - HOCHTeJIA 3blKAa (O HAlHOHAJIbBHBIX CIICKTAX

KâDTHHbI MHDA, BbIDA?K€HHBIX JI€KCWq€CKHMH CD€CTBAMHN)

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TaKHM CD€ICTBOM BOIILIOIICHH1 KY/IBTYDHO-HAIHOHAJIEHOI cIe€IibWKH (pA3©O./IOFH3MOB CJIY3KHT ÕDA3HO€ OCHOBAHHe, a CHOCOOOM YVKA3AHH1 Ha 2TV CH€HHHKY sABIAeTCA HHT€DIIDVTAHHS OOpa3sHOro OCHOBaHHA B

3HAKOBOM KY/IbTYDHO-HAIIHOHAJIbHOM “TIDOCTDAHCTB€” /HHOTO #3bIKOBOTO

COOOIIeCTBa ÏHT€DIDp€TAHW% TAKOTO POJIA COCTABJII€T CO/€P?KAHH€ KYJIbBTYDHO - HAIIHOHđ7IbHÏÍ KOHHOTAIIHH

BHCTVHAa4 B pOIH 2KCIOH€HTOB KYJIBTYPHbIX 3HAKOB, (pa3©O/IOFHH€CKH€ €JHIHHHIBI HỒ TOJIbKO BKJIOHAIOTCI B CHHXDOHHO 7©€ĂCTBVIOIIYIO CHCT€MY KYJIbTYDHO-HAIHOHđJIbBHOTO MHDOIOHHMAHM1, HO

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2TO MHDOIIOHHMA8HHW€ HOCHT€/I1M 3bIKa, YdACTBVIOT B ©rO (ÙODMHDOBAHHMH KaK OT/I€JIbHỌÍ 3bIKOBỌÍ JIHHHOCTH, TâK H #13bIKOBOTO KOJLI€KTHBa H ecm

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KODD€CIIOH/I€HHHIO C€ KY/IBTYDHBIMH 2TAJIOHAMH W CT€D€OTHIAMH, TO Ha Õa3€ W3VqCHH1 2THX €HIHHHIL (DpA3€O/IOTHH BO3MO?KHO HCCJICHOBATb TO

CBO€ÕØDA3W€ MHDpOIIOHHMAHH1 HapO/Iâ - HOCHT€JI1 43bIKa (Tenma., B.H,

1996, c.117)

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oTOOpe OOpa30B IIDOCJI€3KHBA€T HHT€PIID€TATHBHA4 UX CBA3b C KYJIBTYPHO HallMOHa@IbHbIMH 93TaIOHAaMH HW_ CT€D€OTHIIAMH, 27A WHT€DID€TaIHMä

“BOCKPGIIA€TCI” B KOHHOTAIHäX, OTOỐPA3KAIOIIHX B3AHMOCBSW3b

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KY/IBTYDHO-HAIHWOHAđJIEHOỨ KOHHOTAHHH XapaKT€DHOĂ W€DTOIÏ €HHHHI

(pA3©O/IOFHW ABIAeCTCH UX TITOT€HH€ KâK OTDHHATGJIbBHOMV IHO/IOCV OIICHOHHỌÍ IIKA/IBI H K H€TATHBHOMV 3€ CIKTDY qYBCTB OTHOII€HHĂ 2Ta T©H/ICHIHH4Z, KAK H3B€CTHO, COIDSKCHA C TeM, YTO BCe XODOIIEC B I[CHHOCTHOK KapTHHe MUpa H BC€ IIO3HTHBHO€ /IJ11 ICHXO2MOIIHOT€HHỌlÍ C€DBI CO3HAHH1 BOCIDHHHMAđIOTCI KaAK HOPMa: 4YeJIOBeKa pa3jipaxkaer 7WCKOMOPTHO€ COCTOSHH€, ä KOM(ÙODTHO€ IDHHOCHT CKOD€€ HOKỌÍ, qeM

panocTrb B CB13H C€ 2TỌÍ T€HJI€HIHe€ÌI BO (DpA3€OJIOFWu€CKOM COCTAB€

3AKD€IUIIIOTCI B HOHA4BJIIIOIICM OOJIBIIMHCTBe He 2TAJIOHHBI€C H CT€D€OTHIIHBI€ KY/IbTYDHBI€ KOHHOTAIIHH, ä KâK D3 OTKJIOHSIOIIH€CZ OT HHX, IIO2TOMY €/IHHHIIbI (pA3€O/IOTHH, BBICTYHAã B Kaq€CTB€ 2KCIOHCHTOB KYJIbBTYDHBHIX 3HAKOB, MaHHW(Ù€CTHDVIOT aHTHCT€D€OTHIIHI

PyCcKH€ TOBODIT, HTO “mia6amb KAK yMKQa” B 3HAaYeCHHU XOPOLIO

IIABATb B pycckou KyJIbType ymKa IIOJIYWHJIA HÊMHOTO YHHHWKHT€JIbHO€ OCMBICJI€HH€_ I7IYIIA, IIDO3KOPJIHBa4 BbeTHaMIHBI CDAaBHHBAIOT “chạy nhw vit” / ÕyK6: @2dI1b KAK ymKa/ 6 3HaYeHUU nIOXO Õe2cđ@mo Bo BbCTHAMCKOM s3bIKe TOBOpAT “nuwdc dé dau vit’/ OyKB: Kak C YTKH BOL /B

3HAH€HHH “M€JUJI€HHO IIOHHMATB” Á DYCCKH€ TOBODAT “KđK € 2eycA 600A” B 3Ha4eHHe /I€TKO, ÕBICTpO, Ố€CC/I€IHO WCM€3ATb, 3aÕbIBATb ( MO/IOTKOB, (©pa3 cJioBapb I986, M., c 73)

“Ou HO360IIl1 cede om é6pemeHu OO GĐ€MGHH 2yslbHyMb, nomeuumboca OeHee Opy2ou, 3a6epHyMb KyOd-HUubyOb 6 CMOPOHKy, Oylicm6O CKOpO cCllemasu Cc He2o, KaK 2eyca 60da” (C Axcakcos, M., 1986)

W Ka»nHÌ (pa3€O/JIOTH3M COH€D3KHT KYJIbTYPHY!O KOHHOTAHMIO, TOJIbKO HACTHIA B MO34HUHOM IIOJIOH€ HAlHWOHđJIbHỌ KY/IBTYDHI OOpalieHHe K H€MY KaAK KYJIBTYDHO-HAIIHOHAJIbHOMY MHDOBHJI€HHIO H

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HeoOxoqHMO 3aMeTHTb, 4YTO HM€HHO TKO€ OTHOIICHH€

B3AHMOJ€ÍĂCTBHGC MẪ©XHYV OOpa3sHbIM CBOOOJIHBIM COH€TAHHCM H

(pa3©O/IOFHd€CKÏ €HIHHHH€ÏÍ, BJIHSIGT Hã BCIO /13/IbH€ÏIHYIO CY/bÕY (pa3eo/IOrH3Ma HanpHMep: “6eo7K” B CBOOOXHOM CJIOBOCOH€TAHHH “BO30VUHOM 60/1K€” CHMBOJIH3WDY€T W€/IOB€KA HCKYHI€HHOTO B KâKOM-1

/JI€JI€, HCIIbITABII€TO, IIDHBBIKIITO K H€B3IFO/AM, OIACHOCTSM, Kaq€CTBa

KOTODOIO HAJIOIHUHB C€ IHBBIHKAMH XHBOTHOIO “đ01Kđ”,

IDHBBIK8IOIITO K H€B3TOHAM, OIIACHOCTäM B CB13H C ` 2THM, (pA3©O/IOFH3M “đ03V1Hb11 60K” IDH M€TaODpHd€CKOM YIOTD€Ơ.I€HHH

ÕDpa3a “đo” O0ÕO3HaWae€T CTaporo, ONbITHOrO /IÈTuwKa (Mo.IoTKoB A.H, (pa3 c;ioBapb, M, 1986,)

CTOHT IIO/U€DKHYTb, TO B CaMOM (0ÌODMHDOBAHHH (pa3€O/IOTH3MOB,

T.C B OTOOPe ÕPA3HBIX OCHOBAHH, IHDOCJI€3KHBA€TCH HX CBA3b C HalMOHaJIbHOUK KyJIbTypHOK Hapoos IIpu Takom cilyyae, YacTO OTOOpaHa

BeCbMa ClHelM@uyeckad JIA JAHHOrO Hapojla JI€KCHKAđ: JIHỐO Ha3BaHHA KaKHX-JI D€A/IHĂ, HM3B€CTHBIX TOJIbKO HOCHT€JIIM O/NHỌ HAHHH WIM H€CKOJIEKHX HAIHMWHH, CB3AHHBIM OỐIIHOCTBIO KV/IETYDBI H D€JIHTHH, a TAKK€ CBO€OOPA3HBI€ @HTDOIOHHMBI, TOIOHHMBIL H.T.I Pycckue

(pa3€O/IOTHdecKWH€ ÕPA3bI BKJIOdAIOT B C€ÕZI HH?K€ C/I€JYEOIIH€ HA3BAHHä

THIIHHHBIX IID€JIM€TOB H ABJICHHH

Bot, HampumMep “Kom 6 mewke” B 3HAq4©HHWW O q€M-TO H€H3B€CTHOM,

TA4IHI€M H€O?KH/IAHHOCTb; HJIH “Komy nod x6ocm”’ TIOHUMaeTCA Kak O 4eM-

JIHỐƠO, WTO CJI€JIAHO 3p PyCCKH€ roBopaT, 4TO “J O0O0HbIU KAK 6O7IK ” O3HAHA€T KPAlHIOIO CT€GIICHb TOJIOIA H€KOTODOTO HHNHBHIYVyMa Ilo

CDABH€HHIO C€ Bb€THAMCKHM HApOIOM €CTb /IDYTO€ HD€/ICTABI€HH€ O

COCTOSHHH d©€JIOB€KA, KOIHA OH rololen “Kiến bị bụng” Jjpyroe

3KHBOTHO€ KâK MYDAB€ÌÍ XO/IHT B 3KHBOT© 2TO 3HAHHT 2TOT W€/IOB€K XOH€T

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(Œpa3€O/IOTH3M: “Kak epuooi noce OOHCOA” HM€CT 3HAH€HH€ IHIOSIBJIITbCH ỐBICTDO H B ÕOJIbHIOM KOJIHUGCTBG BbeTHaMIIBI TOBODAT: “Mfọc lên như nam” una “Nhu ndm mọc lên sau cơn

mưa” PYyCCKH© W Bb€THAMIIbI CHHTAIOT, qTO HOCJI€ JO%#KAA BCE CTAHOBHTCA

CB€3KHM MW_ O?3KHBJICHHBM B 2TOM CJIYdAa€ V ÕOWX HApOHOB OỐIIee

IID€/ICTABJICHHW€ O ÕO/IbIIOM KOJINde€CTB€ (Mo/IOTKOB A.H, (pa3 CJIOBADb,

M, 1986.)

Bo Bb€THAaMCKOM Kak H B DYCCKOM 3BIKAX OH€Hb MHOTO (IpA3€O/IOTH3MOB, IIOTOBODOK, HIOCJIOBHHI, B KOTODBI€ BXO/IT HA3BAHH1 2KHBOTHBIX C)IHAKO, B CâMOM /I€JI€ MâJIO (DA3€OJIOTH3MOB, BKJIOWAEOIIHX B ceOe Ha3BaHHaA DacTeHHli Ha aHHOM MaTepHalie MbI BbIOHpaeM CaMBIe THUMYHbIC TPHMepbl JIA HA4JIH3A, UTOObI BbIACHHTb KYJIbTYPHY!O

KOHHOTAIIHIO OỐOWX HApO/IOB

2.2 KyYJIbTypHad KOHHOTAIIH1 CJIOB C HA33BAHHCM ?KHEOTHBIX

[ĨTHHEBI H 3XHBOTHBI€ BC€I/IA HTDAJIH B€NYIIYEO DOJIb B CHMBO/IHK€ BC€X KYV.IBTYp Ka3KHIHH HApO/I, CO3€DpHAã sABJICHHA Okpy2Karollel J©CTBHT€JIbBHOCTH, CHHMaeT C€ HHX CâMYIO THHHHHYEO, XâDAKT€DHVE yepTy H 2TY €DTY IDH/IA€T /IDYTOMV, CXO?KCMV BJICHHIO HJIH ID€/IM€TYV IlyTeM llepeHoca 3HAq€HH4 Ha OCHOB€ ÕDA3HOCTH ITO OHH W3 CIOCÕOB

oOorallleHHA A3bIKA

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CHMBO/IAMH T7IYHOCTH; CBHHBA - CHMBOJI HCHHCTOIILIOTHOCTH, TPZ3H; 3M©Z - CHMBOJI KOBapCTBa, a 3MeH - CHMBOJI MYHPOCTH H.T./

2.2.1 OOpa3 coOaku B pycCKOH H BheTHAMCKOH KyJIbTypax

B pyCcKOM HU BbeTHAMCKOM S3bIKaX COBO COOdKA UMeeT OHO HU TO 3K©€ IID€JIM€THO-IIOHWTHĂHO€ 3HAHW€HH€: /OMAIIH€€ 3KHBOTHO€ H3 OCOOOrO CCM€ÌCTBA XHIHHBIX MJICKOIHTAIOIIHX, POJICTBeHHOe BOJIKY BBIBAIOT: JIBOPOBas, OXOTHHYbA, CJIY3KCƠHAđ41, CTODO3K€BA1 C O/HỌÍ CTODOHBI, CJIOBO C€ÒđKđ B DYCCKOM H Bb€THAMCKOM 513bIKAX HM€€T CXO/IHO€ KOHHOTATHBHO€ 3HAH€HHW€, VIIOTp€Ố/IISCb KâK PAHHOC CJIOBO: «napwmu6ad cobaka;

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3ap€THCTPHDOBATb 3KHBOTHO€ B MH/IHHWHH, MTO BO3MO?KHO TOJIbKO HDH HAJIHHHW BC€X H€ÕXO/IHMBIX /IOKVM€HTOB, M€JIHIHHCKHX CHDABOK O IDHBHBKAX ÏJIA4BHBM /JIOCTOHHCTBOM CÕAKH Bb€THAMHBI CHHT3IOT B€DHOCTb H IID€IAHHOCTb H€/IOB€KY (Ha HHKOT/A H€ ID€JA€T XO3HHA, J133K€ KOI/IA OT 3JIOCTH HJIH Õ€IHOCTH OH BBITOHI€T €ể H3 1OMa CoØaKa

HHKOI/A H€ HOKHIA©€T XO384HHa “OTCIOIA BO3HHKAđJIO BBIDA?KGHH€ BO

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BbeTHaMe CJIOBO COOaKa accollMupyeTca C HeEMOpsAOUHbIM HW Oe300pa3HbIM q©JIOB€KOM - “bẩn nhự chĩ ”, ““C 3'OHCTHNHBIM W€JIOB€KOM” - “ chĩ già giữ

6

xuong ”; “ ché chui gam chan ” /Oyxs.: CoOaka Toy, TyMOOUKOH/B 3Ha4 : D€db H/ICT O 3K€HHX€, KOTODBIÏ %2%KMBET B C€Mb€ 2%KeCHbI, Tak Kak TO Bb€THAMCKỌ TpAHHWH IOCJI€ CBA/IbÕbI H€B€CTA /OJIKHA ?3KHTb B C€Mb€ MyKa

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9

IyCKaroT KOMIKYy “HA cyacmbe ”, UTOOKI B WOME 3KHJIOCb XODOIIO 2.2.2 O0pa3 KOPOBbI B PpyCCKOH H Bb€THAMCKOH KYJIbTYDAX

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B npeBHH€ BpeMeHa Ha Pycw CJOXHJIC1 CBAI€ƠOHH OƠbIdali, COIJIACHO KOTODOMY HY3KHO IIOHHTâATb KODOBY, ObIKa HW xJIeÕ eHHxa H

H€B€CTY HA3bIB8JIH KODOBỌÍ UW ObIKOM (bparuuHa, 1995, c.43)

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